CN100419845C - Printer and method of manufacturing electronic circuit and display - Google Patents

Abstract

A display sheet (224) is made, including light-emitting pixels for displaying information, which is made by printing conductive polymer microcapsules (218). The electronic device is made by providing electrically activated microcapsules (218) at discrete locations through the printing method of the present invention. The battery sheet (212) made by the printing method of the present invention provides electrical energy to the display element. Using the printing method of the present invention, a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display can be made on a flexible substrate (210). The user input sheet (222) receives user input and generates user input signals.

Description

Printer and method of manufacturing electronic circuits and displays

technical field

The invention relates to printers and methods of making electronic circuits and displays. More specifically, the present invention relates to a printer capable of fabricating various electronic circuit elements and display devices using microcapsule encapsulation materials, and a method of fabricating electronic circuits and displays using field-attracting microcapsules.

Background technique

More recently, thin, flexible displays utilizing pixels of electroluminescent materials, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), have been developed. Such displays do not require any backlighting, since each pixel generates its own light. Typically, the organic material is deposited using spin-coating or evaporation techniques. US Patent No. 6,395,328 to May discloses an organic light emitting color display in which a multicolor device is made by depositing and patterning layers of light emitting material. US Patent No. 5,965,979 to Friend et al. discloses a method of making a light emitting device by laminating two self-supporting elements, at least one of which has a light emitting layer. US Patent No. 6,087,196 to Strum et al. discloses a method of fabricating organic semiconductor devices using inkjet printing. US Patent No. 6,416,885 to Towna et al. discloses an electroluminescent device in which a conductive polymer layer between an organic light emitting layer and a charge injection layer resists lateral diffusion of charge carriers to improve display characteristics. US Patent No. 6,48,300 B1 to Yamazaki et al. discloses a method of manufacturing electro-optic devices using letterpress printing or screen printing. US Patent No. 6,402,579 to Pichler et al. discloses an organic light emitting device in which a multilayer structure is made by DC magnetron sputtering. US Patent No. 6,50,687 B1 to Jacobson discloses an electronically addressable microencapsulated toner and display.

The prior art indicates that organic light-emitting pixels can be fabricated into displays using various fabrication techniques. For example, the '196 patent teaches that OLEDs can be fabricated using an inkjet printer. The '687 patent teaches that a variety of electronic circuit components can be fabricated using microencapsulated electro-active materials.

The prior art patent claims that it is possible to manufacture a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright display in which OLED pixels are made using various methods including inkjet printing techniques. However, none of the prior art addresses the practical requirements of making such displays that incorporate user input mechanisms. Furthermore, none of the prior art recognizes the need to format and transmit content such as HTML pages so that it can be displayed without basic on-board data processing. Data processing elements such as microprocessors consume power, are relatively expensive, are difficult to manufacture and require complex circuitry. Therefore, thin, bright, wireless displays with basic on-board processing power severely limit the effectiveness of the display. Furthermore, none of the prior art provides a display capable of simultaneously receiving two or more display information signals, for example, viewing a television program and displaying a web page simultaneously. Therefore, there is a need for a method of fabricating a thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display with a practical user input mechanism that is structured to maximize power density and efficient power dissipation from an on-board battery while at least partially The ground can be fabricated using printing methods.

Contents of the invention

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a printer for fabricating electronic devices using microencapsulated electroactive materials. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a thin, lightweight, bright, wireless display.

In accordance with the present invention, a locally variable attractive field element is provided for selectively attracting field-attracting microcapsules. The locally variable attracting field element is controlled to selectively apply the attracting field to various locations where the field attracting microcapsule layer can be formed. The field-attracting microcapsules contain electroactive materials for attracting to the attracting field sites of the attracting field elements. Depending on the composition and size of the field-attracting microcapsule layer, predetermined electronic circuit components can be fabricated. Locally variable attractive field elements have optoelectronic and/or optomagnetic coatings formed for generating an attractive field in response to light incident on the coating. The coating can be etched into pixels.

Light beams may be directed to be incident on the coating to generate magnetic and/or electrostatic fields in order to form respective attractive fields at corresponding discrete locations of the locally variable attractive field elements. The guiding means may comprise: a plurality of fiber optic waveguides. The guiding means may further comprise: a beam source for generating a light beam and a scanning device for scanning the light beam on at least one optoelectronic coating or optomagnetic coating for generating an attractive field for Attractive fields are formed on the corresponding discrete positions of . The locally variable attractive field element also includes: a luminescent coating on the substrate that generates light incident on at least one optoelectronic coating or optomagnetic coating to generate at least one electrostatic or magnetic attraction field. The field-attracting microcapsules may be magnetically-attracting microcapsules, wherein the locally variable attracting field element further includes: a magnetic field applying device for applying each local attracting field as a magnetic attracting field. The field-attracting microcapsules may be electrostatically-attracting microcapsules, wherein the locally variable attracting field element further includes: an electrostatic field-applying device for applying each local attracting field as an electrostatic attracting field. At least some of the field-attracting microcapsules may contain at least one thermally expandable or thermally meltable component. This enables the fabrication of devices with selectable densities and dimensions, which affect the desired electrical characteristics of fabricated electronic devices.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a display having elements manufacturable by printing methods. A support substrate is provided as a support structure on which elements can be fabricated using a microcapsule printing method. The resulting display layer contains light-emitting pixels that display information. Light-emitting pixels can be fabricated by printing pixel patterns of light-emitting conductive polymer microcapsules. A pattern of electroactive microcapsules is printed at discrete locations on a support substrate to form an electronic circuit layer containing electronic devices. The fabricated user input layer is used to receive user input and generate user input signals, and the user input layer is fabricated by printing a grid of conductive elements. Each conductive element generates a detectable electrical signal when a magnetic field passes through the conductive elements. The resulting battery layer provides power to the electronic circuit layer elements, user input layer elements and display layer elements. The battery layer may comprise a first current collection layer. An anode layer is printed on the first current collecting layer. An electrolyte layer is printed on the anode layer, and a cathode layer is printed on the electrolyte layer. A second current collecting layer is printed on the cathode layer.

The display layer includes printed conductive leads connected to each luminous pixel, and under the control of the display driving element, selectively supplies power to each luminous pixel. Light-emitting pixels are made by providing an insulating layer, printing a y-electrode layer containing lines of conductive material on the insulating layer, printing a pixel layer of light-emitting conductive polymer regions on the y-electrode layer, and printing An x-electrode layer comprising lines of transparent conductive material.

The electronic circuit layer may contain a signal receiving element, which includes: a first radio frequency receiving element, used to receive the first display signal carrying the first display information on the first radio frequency; and a second radio frequency receiving element, used to receive the first display signal on the second radio frequency A second display signal carrying second display information. The display driving component includes: a signal processing component for receiving the first display signal and the second display signal and generating a display driving signal. Therefore, the display of the present invention can simultaneously display the first display information at the first position where the sheet is displayed and the second display information at the second position where the sheet is displayed. Battery wafers, display wafers, user input wafers and electronic circuit wafers at least some of which are printed with electroactive materials to form circuit elements, including: resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. Circuit elements fabricated by other conventional methods may be mounted to the printed conductive areas, for example, by soldering or using conductive adhesives.

According to the method of the invention, a substrate is provided as a support structure with an upper surface, on which substrate components can be produced by means of a microcapsule printing method. The field-attracting microcapsule layer is attracted to discrete locations on the substrate. Field-attracting microcapsules contain electroactive materials. Thus, predetermined electronic circuit components can be fabricated, depending on the composition and size of the field-attracting microcapsule layer. Electroactive materials have the electrical properties of electronic components, for example, conductors, insulators, resistors, semiconductors, inductors, magnetic materials, piezoelectric materials, photovoltaic materials, or pyroelectric materials. The field-attracting microcapsule layer can have multiple layers of microcapsules stacked to form a desired three-dimensional shape. The electronic circuit element produced by the method of the present invention has such electrical properties, which are related to the composition of the multi-layered microcapsule layer and the size of the three-dimensional shape.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the printer of the present invention;

Figure 2(a) is a cross-sectional view of another microcapsule supply device, which has containment means and microcapsules dispersed in a liquid before making an electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer;

Fig. 2 (b) is the sectional view of another microcapsule supply device shown in Fig. 2 (a) after making the electronic circuit molding microcapsule layer;

Fig. 3 (a) is the sectional view of the locally variable attraction field flat plate with flat microcapsule layer;

Fig. 3 (b) is the schematic diagram of stacking three microstructure electronic circuit molding microcapsules on the flat microcapsule layer of the flat plate working surface of the local variable attraction field;

Figure 3(c) is a cross-sectional view of three microelectronic circuits developed and cured on a locally variable attractive field plate;

Fig. 4 (a) is the schematic diagram of electronic circuit element forming microcapsule;

Fig. 4 (b) is the schematic diagram of the electronic circuit element molding microcapsule, and it comprises the electrolytic inner phase that has conductive polymer shell and the metallic inner phase that has conductive polymer shell;

Fig. 4 (c) is the schematic diagram of uncoated electronic circuit element forming microcapsule and developer microcapsule;

Fig. 4 (d) is the schematic diagram of thermofusible microcapsule;

Figure 5(a) is a perspective view of a portion of a locally variable attractive field slab, showing pixels with a relatively weak additional field, pixels with a relatively strong additional field, and pixels with a uniform field or no additional field;

Figure 5(b) is a front view of the part of the local variable attraction field shown in Figure 5(a), wherein pixels with different additional field strengths are shown;

Figure 5(c) is a front view of a portion of a locally variable attraction field slab, showing the accumulation of three-dimensionally structured microcapsules attracted to different additional field strengths;

Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure attracting microcapsules to accumulate;

Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the stacking of thermally expandable microcapsules with a three-dimensional structure;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing three thin, lightweight, flexible, bright and wireless displays of the present invention simultaneously displaying display signals;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of each sheet of the thin, light, flexible, bright and wireless display of the present invention;

Fig. 9(a) is an embodiment of making a thin, light, flexible, bright and wireless display of the present invention by using a microcapsule printer;

Figure 9(b) shows a grid of conductive coils, which is part of the user input sheet for the thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention;

Fig. 9 (c) is the magnetic stroke that utilizes the magnetic pen of the present invention to form on the magnetic detection grid;

Figure 9(d) is an exploded view of the conductive coil;

Figure 9(e) is an assembly diagram of the conductive coil;

Figure 9(f) is a cross-sectional view of two conductive coils;

Figure 9(g) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a flexible rechargeable battery support used in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 9(h) is a cross-sectional view of the multi-unit supporting sheet made of the rechargeable battery structure of the present invention shown in Figure 9(g);

Figure 10(a) is a side view of an embodiment of an attracting field element showing a fiber optic light guide directing light incident on a optomagnetic coating on a transparent substrate;

Figure 10(b) is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 10(a), wherein the attracting field element also includes a fluorescent coating;

Figure 10(c) is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 10(b), which also includes a light shielding layer;

Figure 11 (a) is a side view of an attracting field element, which attracts a uniform microcapsule layer with a flat structure;

Figure 11(b) is a side view of an attracting field element, which attracts a layer of heterogeneous microcapsules with varying structures;

Figure 12(a) is a side view of an embodiment of an attracting field element illustrating a scanning laser for writing information onto a magneto-optical coating;

Figure 12(b) is an embodiment of an attracting field element, illustrating that a scanning electron gun is used to write information onto a fluorescent coating;

Figure 12(c) is a side view of an embodiment of an attracting field element with an LCD matrix or a matrix of diode lasers for writing information onto a magneto-optical coating;

Figure 12(d) is a front view of the attracting field element shown in Figure 12(c);

Figure 13 is an embodiment of a current scanner used to scan a laser beam onto an attracting field element;

Figure 14 is an embodiment of an attractive field element configured as a rotating drum;

Figure 15(a) is a perspective view of an embodiment in which the light source for generating the attractive field is arranged inside the idle drum;

Figure 15(b) is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 15(a), showing microcapsules being attracted and image-wise exposed onto the drum;

Figure 16(a) is a diagram of a light source configured as a matrix of LED or diode lasers;

Figure 16(b) is a diagram of a light source configured as a liquid crystal light valve;

Figure 16(c) is a diagram of a light source configured as a cathode ray tube; and

Figure 16(d) is a diagram of a light source configured at the end of a fiber optic cable.

Detailed ways

To facilitate an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference has been made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language has been used for the description. It should be understood, however, that the scope of the invention is not so limited and that variations and modifications to the described apparatus may be envisioned by those skilled in the art applying the principles of the invention disclosed herein.

Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows a printer 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The printer 10 of the present invention is used to fabricate electronic circuits, such as thin, bright, lightweight and flexible displays, by means of deposition and curing of electroactive microcapsule layers. The components of the electroactive microcapsules are discussed in detail below.

The microcapsule printer 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes an image receiving device 12 for receiving an electronic circuit preform of an electroactive microcapsule layer. After the microcapsule layer is cured or developed, the electronic circuit pre-form becomes an electronic circuit. The image receiving device 12 includes a locally variable field of attraction plate 14 . An electronic circuit preform may be in the form of a complete electronic circuit, including elements such as wiring, display pixels, discrete electronic components, and the like. For example, microcapsules may optionally contain a conductive, insulating, semiconducting or resistive internal phase. By forming an electronic circuit of a plurality of discrete circuit elements, each of which is printed from microcapsules with suitable electrical properties, an electronic circuit, such as a thin, lightweight, flexible display, can be constructed using the printing methods described below.

The image receiving device 12 further comprises: a control device for controlling the locally variable attracting field plates 14 to selectively change respective local attracting fields at corresponding discrete positions of the locally variable attracting field plates 14 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the control means comprises an input means 16, such as a computer, a digitizer, for digitizing images of electronic circuits or electronic components reflected from a prototype, or any other device that can provide an input signal to a processor 18. input device. Processor 18 processes the input signal from input device 16 and generates a corresponding image reception signal thereon. The image receiving signal is received by the controller 20, and the locally variable attracting field plate 14 can be controlled by selectively changing the respective local attracting fields corresponding to the discrete positions of the locally variable attracting field plate 14.

In operation, the three-dimensionally structured field-attracting microcapsules 24 may be constructed on the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 in order to form a three-dimensional structure with peaks and valleys, as described in detail below. Therefore, according to the present invention, a three-dimensional electronic circuit element including a specifically structured three-dimensional electronic circuit element can be produced. In addition, it is possible to construct circuit layers including vias and wiring connecting layers.

The printer 10 of the present invention also includes a microcapsule supply 22 for supplying attracted plurality of field-attracting microcapsules 24 to discrete locations on the locally variable field-of-attraction plate 14, which is associated with each local field-attracting field. Thus, a layer of field-attracting microcapsules 24 is made whose thickness is related to the corresponding attractive field strength at each discrete location on the locally variable attractive-field plate 14 . This locally controllable microcapsule thickness enables efficient fabrication of complex electronic circuits in which electronic components have various electrical properties. As shown in FIG. 1 , a microcapsule source 26 provides a plurality of field-attracting microcapsules 24 , allowing these field-attracting microcapsules to be cascaded between the microcapsule source and collector 28 as shown in this embodiment. Some of these cascaded field-attracting microcapsules 24 are attracted to the locally variable field-attracting field plate 14 due to the presence of attractive fields at discrete locations on the locally variable field-attracting field plate 14 . According to the printer 10 of the present invention, in order to form a uniform layer of field-attracting microcapsules 24, the locally variable field-of-attraction plate 14 applies a uniform corresponding field of attraction at each discrete location. Thus, a uniform layer 30 can be formed which yields a substrate with precisely controlled mechanical, electrical and chemical properties.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the collector 28 includes a source of a controllably variable attractive field capable of attracting at least some of the field-attracting microcapsules 24 that are insufficiently attracted to the locally variable attractive field plate 14 The microcapsule layer 30 is molded as an electronic circuit or formed into a three-dimensional structure. Depending on the type of microcapsule used, collector 28 can provide a magnetic or electrostatic attraction field. In addition, as shown by the solid line box in FIG. 1, the screen 32 includes at least the microcapsule source 26, the microcapsule collector 28 and the space between them. This screen 32 can reduce excess wear of the cascaded field-attracting microcapsules 24 . It should be noted that this screen 32 may contain means to provide a repulsive force, urging the field-attracting microcapsules 24 to reach the locally variable field-attracting field plate 14 or collector 28, and may contain a separation coating, e.g., Teflon, etc., to prevent the field-attracting microcapsules 24 Paste to screen 32. Compared with conventional electrostatically attracted microcapsules or printer toner, utilizing magnetically attracted microcapsules according to the present invention, the pollution of paper dust or powder has less influence on the reuse of microcapsules collected in the collector, because paper dust and powder Will not be magnetically attracted to the flat plate 14 of the magnetic attraction field.

The printer of the present invention also includes: an imaging device 34 for image exposure of the electroactive microcapsule layer when the latent image 36 of the electronic circuit needs to be formed. For example, light can be used to cure microcapsule components to make precise electronic components. A local attraction field can attract the desired mass of microcapsules to a specific location. The photocurable composition of the microcapsules enables precise curing of the mass of microcapsules to obtain the desired electrical properties for the fabrication of electronic circuit components. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the imaging device 34 includes a radiation source 38 that provides image-bearing radiation 40 to imagewise expose the electroactive microcapsule layer. This image-bearing radiation 40 preferably contains different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, each of which can be selectively formed into a particular electronic circuit component, depending on the mix of microcapsules shaped corresponding to the electronic circuit component. Using this image-wise exposure, electronic circuits can be fabricated by selectively releasing and mixing electroactive materials having different electrical properties. The resistive portion of the resistor can be made using microcapsules containing a resistive material, such as carbon, while the conductive portion (leads) of the resistor can be made using microcapsules containing a conductive material, such as a conductive polymer or metal. ).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the imaging device 34 includes an electronic circuit forming control (which may utilize one or more of the same components as the control). An input device 16' is provided, such as a computer, or any other device, which can generate an input signal corresponding to an electronic circuit. The input signal is received by a processor 18', such as a computer microprocessor, which can determine an associated electronic circuit forming signal. These electronic circuit forming signals are received by the controller 20' which controls the radiation source to selectively image-expose the electroactive microcapsule layer and produce a latent electronic circuit image 36 therein. Radiation source 38 can be a CRT, LCD, LED, laser, or other electronic circuit radiation source, and also includes reflective radiation sources where light is reflected from the prototype and focused for imagewise exposure of the electroactive microcapsule layer. In addition, fiber-optic faceplate CRTs can be used to image-expose electroactive microcapsule layers. Fiber optic faceplates are advantageous because the electronic circuitry can be sharply focused when exposing the microcapsules. US Patent No. 4,978,978 to Yamada discloses an example of a fiber optic panel.

The microcapsule printer 10 of the present invention further includes: an image developing device 42 for developing the electronic circuit latent image 36 to form a functional electronic circuit 44 . In an embodiment of the invention, image developing device 42 includes heat source 46 . This heat source 46 can thermally rupture the latent image 36 of the electroactive microcapsule formed electronic circuit, thereby releasing the electroactive material in the microcapsule and developing a functional electronic circuit. Alternatively, the image developing device 42 may include a pressure roller 46' to rupture the electroactive microcapsules by destructive pressure. As discussed in detail below, the printer 10 of the present invention can be used to form electronic circuits having three-dimensional structures, in which case it is preferable to rupture the microcapsules using a heat source to form a functional electronic circuit. It is envisioned that the imaging agent could be present on the recording sheet in the form of microcapsules. Alternatively, the developer can be added by means of spraying, dipping, etc., or by other methods consistent with the prior art.

In the embodiment of the printer of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, a recording sheet supply means 48 is provided which can supply the image receiving means 12 with a recording sheet 48'. The recording sheet 48' is used to support the electroactive microcapsule layer and the local attraction field microcapsule 24 layer. Thus, a recording sheet 48 ′, which may be a sheet of paper, synthetic paper, plastic or other suitable medium, is first placed on the working surface 50 of the locally variable field of attraction plate 14 . Then, the control device controls the local variable attraction field plate 14 . The control means includes varying means for selectively varying the respective local attraction fields at corresponding discrete locations on the local attraction field plate as the field attraction microcapsules are jetted from the microcapsule source 26 . Therefore, the electronic circuit molding microcapsule layer 30 can be produced.

Alternatively, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 may be provided on the recording sheet 48' before the recording sheet 48' is placed adjacent to the locally variable field of attraction plate 14. Additional layers of field-attracting microcapsules 24 can then be provided at selected locations of the electronic circuit-forming microcapsule layer 30 by varying the attractive field at discrete locations of the locally variable field-attracting field plate 14 . For example, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer may comprise a developed microcapsule layer. A uniform (two-dimensional) or non-uniform (three-dimensional) layer of electro-active microcapsules can be formed on this layer and then imagewise exposed to form a latent image of the electronic circuit. Using pressure, heating and other methods to release the microencapsulated developer and the microencapsulated electroactive material and mix them together to obtain a developed functional electronic circuit from the latent image of the electronic circuit.

Or, by adding a uniform attraction field, for example, a uniform electrostatic field, the electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 can be provided on the surface of the electrostatic attraction device 70 adjacent to the local variable attraction field plate 14, and then, by changing the local attraction field, additional microcapsules can be distributed to discrete locations. For example, a uniform electronic circuit molding microcapsule layer 30 can be provided by electrostatic attraction, and an additional field-attracting microcapsule layer 24, whose thickness Varies with different locations.

The printer 10 of the present invention also includes an additional printing device 52, e.g., another printer, which may be provided before or after the locally variable field of attraction plate 14 is disposed on the recording sheet 48', formed using the image receiving device 12 and the imaging device 14. Electronic circuits attached to these electronic circuits. For example, the other printer may be a laser printer, another capsule printer, an impact printer, a thermal printer, an inkjet printer, or any other suitable printer. Thus, combinations of various types of printed electronic circuits can be provided on a single recording sheet 48'. For example, it is contemplated that substrates and OLED portions of lightweight, bright, flexible displays, as well as other circuit components, may be printed on recording sheet 48' using an inkjet printer, for example, using the image receiving device 12 and The imaging device 14, the battery portion comprising the electrodes with the electrolyte between them, can be printed on the same recording sheet 48'.

Referring now to Figures 2(a) and 2(b), another embodiment of the microcapsule supply device 22 is shown. In this embodiment, the microcapsule supply means 22 includes: a microcapsule containing means 80 which contains a plurality of field-attracting microcapsules 24 adjacent to the locally variable field of attraction plate 14, whereby the plurality of field-attracting microcapsules 24 At least some of the microcapsules are attracted to discrete locations on the locally variable field of attraction plate 14 in order to form a layer of field-attracting microcapsules 24. The field-attracting microcapsules 24 may be of a dry type not distributed in the dispersion liquid 82 , or of a wet type distributed in the dispersion liquid 82 . Additionally, a hydraulic pump (not shown) can agitate the dispersion 82 to maintain a uniform statistical distribution of microcapsules dispersed therein.

As shown in Figure 2 (b), after adding a uniform attraction field (for example, a uniform magnetic field or a uniform electrostatic field), the electronic circuit molding microcapsule layer 30 is made on the working surface 50 of the local variable attraction field plate 14 superior. After applying the non-uniform attracting field, a microcapsule layer of locally attracting attracting field microcapsules 24 (which may contain electrically active microcapsules forming electronic circuits) is formed.

Referring to Fig. 3(a) to Fig. 3(c), it shows a schematic diagram of a method for making a three-dimensional structure electronic circuit. It should be noted that various other methods of achieving the desired results can be utilized in accordance with the present invention, some of which are described below. However, it should also be noted that, as shown in these figures and described below, the method by which the invention is used to obtain the desired electronic circuit illustrates the possible combinations of various elements within the scope of the invention.

Figure 3(a) shows a side view of a locally variable attractive field plate 14 on which a flat microcapsule layer 30 is formed. This flat microcapsule layer can be formed on the recording sheet 48' (as shown in FIG. 1), or can be directly formed on the working surface 50 of the locally variable attractive field plate 14, and used as an electronic circuit substrate. In this case, after curing, if the microcapsule composition is chosen appropriately, a self-supporting structure of the cured and developed microcapsules can be made which can be transferred to a support sheet or supported on its own. This flat microcapsule layer 30 can be made by applying a uniform electrostatic field or a uniform magnetic field to attract the microcapsules, or it may not need to apply an electric field or a magnetic field, which is related to the application.

As shown in Figure 3(b), the accumulation of three-dimensional structure electronic circuit molding microcapsules contains peaks and valleys, which can be made into leads, antennas, RF receiving elements, RF emitting elements, photoresponsive and active circuit elements, resistors, capacitors , inductors, and semiconductor devices such as transistors. Figure 3(b) also shows an irradiation source 38 for irradiating the three-dimensionally structured electronic circuit-forming microcapsules with image-bearing radiation 40 to selectively expose the microcapsules according to the image-wise exposure of the image-bearing radiation. Figure 3(c) shows the three-dimensional structured electronic circuit forming microcapsules after development and curing. The resulting electronic circuits may contain capacitors, resistors, wiring, coils, multilayer batteries, and any other circuit elements made using microencapsulated materials in accordance with the present invention.

Referring to Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(d), it shows various microcapsule components utilized in the present invention. It should be noted that these specific components are illustrative only and do not limit the possible microcapsule components. According to embodiments of the present invention, several types of microcapsules are provided which contain components useful for making electronic circuit components. Depending on the composition of the microcapsule inner phase or shell, they are electrostatically and/or magnetically attracted to the microcapsules. Therefore, these microcapsules can be used in the printers of the invention to make electronic circuits using the printing method of the invention.

For example, the internal phase of the microcapsules may comprise conductive materials such as metals or conductive polymers, resistive materials such as carbon, insulating materials such as non-conductive polymers, and/or semiconducting materials. Microcapsules may contain a material of only one electrical property, or may contain a mixture of materials or one material with combined electrical properties. In addition, the electrical or mechanical properties of the microcapsule shell itself can also contribute to the final electronic circuit. For example, the microcapsule shell may comprise a hard or hardenable substance which contributes to the desired support strength of printed articles made according to the invention. The microcapsules and printing methods and apparatus of the present invention can produce functional electronic circuits more efficiently than electroactive microcapsules used for inkjet printing in electronic devices. According to the present invention, a variety of electronic components can be rapidly fabricated by selectively attracting field-attracting microcapsules according to a desired three-dimensional shape, as described in detail herein. In the inkjet printing method for making electronic components, the sequential delivery and ejection of toner powder is done to slowly build up the electro-reactive material to a desired thickness. This process is slow compared to the method of the present invention, where an increase in the strength of the local attractive field at the desired location can result in a relatively large number of microcapsules being attracted to pack the desired three-dimensional structure, therefore, the printing method of the present invention is used to make working electronic A functional element of a circuit.

The composition of such microcapsules may contain electrostatically attractive materials, and thus, the electrostatically attractive elements of printer embodiments of the present invention may be utilized. The shell of the microcapsule may be a heat-fusible substance which, after curing the functional electronic circuit, forms at least a semi-rigid strong monolithic structure.

In Fig. 4(b), it represents the microcapsule components forming a battery or capacitor. Batteries generally include an anode portion and a cathode portion with an electrolyte sandwiched between the two electrodes. According to the present invention, the electric energy storage device can be manufactured by using the field-attracted microcapsule printing method of the present invention. In this case, the microcapsule can comprise a microcapsule wall and an internal phase. The microcapsule wall can have a composition comprising the metal component M, or the internal phase can have a composition comprising the metal component M (or both the microcapsule wall and the internal phase can have a metal-containing composition, e.g., nickel, lithium, lead, etc.). The electrolyte encapsulated in the polymer shell (which may be a conducting polymer) is represented by microcapsule E. The electrolyte encapsulated in the microcapsule is used as the internal phase in the field-attracted microcapsule, and the electrolyte layer with the required thickness can be easily produced by using the printing method of the present invention.

In accordance with the present invention, a thin, lightweight, bright display containing flexible batteries, required capacitors, resistors, antennas, inductors, windings, coils, leads, full-color OLED-based display elements, and all other components can utilize The field suction microcapsule printing method of the present invention is made.

For example, flexible substrates are provided as durable insulating and protective bases upon which various battery layers, input layers, display layers and electronic circuit layers are fabricated. For example, the flexible substrate can be a plastic sheet comprising nylon, polyethylene, or other suitable material. Flexible batteries are fabricated on flexible substrates. The large surface area of the flexible substrate allows the fabrication of batteries with suitable energy storage capacity and thinness. The batteries of the present invention can be made by making layers of microencapsulated electroactive materials that make up the functional battery components. The cathode portion is made by making a first cathode microcapsule layer. The microencapsulated cathode material (represented by microcapsule M in Figure 4(b)) may consist of an internal phase M of high purity manganese dioxide ( _MnO2 ) contained within a polymer shell. Using the printing method of the present invention to print the electrode sheet can make the first battery lead. A first battery lead (electrode sheet) is made on the first cathode microcapsule layer and a second cathode microcapsule layer is made on top of this battery lead. By making the first anode microcapsule layer, the anode portion can be made. The microencapsulated anode material may be an internal phase of a lithium-containing material contained within a polymer shell. The second battery lead (similarly, using the conductive microcapsule packaging material and the printing method of the present invention to make a sheet electrode) is made adjacent to the first anode microcapsule layer. A second anode microcapsule layer was fabricated on top of this cell lead. Between the anode part and the cathode part is an electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer may be a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymeric matrix. The liquid electrolyte inner phase is encapsulated by the microcapsules in the shell layer of the field-attracted microcapsules, and the electrolyte layer can be made.

As shown in Figure 4(c), other field-attracting microcapsule formulations can be used to create other electronic circuit components. For example, the magnetic grid of the present invention may comprise an iron core placed within a printed winding (in fact, the winding may be formed as a three-dimensional helix around the iron core). Using the printing method of the present invention, the microcapsules F containing iron materials can be used to make iron cores. In addition, by using the printer and printing method of the present invention, non-ferrous materials (microcapsule nF), such as aluminum, can be encapsulated and printed in microcapsules, and electronic components with non-magnetic or quasi-magnetic responses can be produced.

Figure 4(d) shows heat fusible microcapsules 84 in which image-forming radiation of different wavelengths of infrared light can expose the microcapsules to selectively solidify and rupture the microcapsules using heat instead of pressure. Such microencapsulated compositions are disclosed in US Patent No. 4,916,042. In addition, it should be noted that the present invention contemplates that other microcapsule components can be thermally melted to rupture it. For example, the microcapsule wall can be composed of a material that melts uniformly when heated at a specific temperature. Thus, the development device 42 may contain a heat source 46 that provides the temperature that ruptures the microcapsules and produces a functional electronic circuit in accordance with the latent image of the electronic circuit without the need for applied pressure. A developer (which can act as a catalyst to form certain electronic circuit materials from a microencapsulated matrix material) can be contained in the microencapsulated form and rupture with the electroactive microcapsules. Additionally, a light source, such as a laser, may be provided for applying electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength, which may be absorbed by the heat-fusible microcapsules 84 to generate heat.

Referring now to FIGS. 5( a ) to 5 ( c ), there is shown a portion of the locally variable field of attraction plate 14 in which each magnetically variable pixel comprises the upper surface of each individually controllable electromagnetic source 62 core 64 . It should be noted that this structure is for illustration only, it could also be electrostatically variable pixels and individually controllable electrostatic sources (in this case the structure does not contain an iron core but provides multiple individually controllable sources of attractive fields ). As shown in Fig. 5 (a) to Fig. 5 (c), the locally variable attraction field plate 14 has a working surface 50 comprising a plurality of respectively controllable attraction field sources, and each attraction field source corresponds to a discrete position of the work surface 50 related. In the embodiments shown in FIG. 5( a ) to FIG. 5( c ), the iron core tops of the respectively controllable electromagnetic sources 62 are used as magnetically variable pixels.

These magnetically variable pixels are equally spaced, and the individually controllable electromagnetic sources 62 can be enclosed in magnetically insulating material, so that the effect of each magnetic pixel is limited to the effect of magnetic end effects on its adjacent magnetic pixels. As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 5( b ), some magnetically variable pixels have either a uniform or no magnetic field 86 . Other magnetically variable pixels have a relatively weak additional magnetic field 88 , while other magnetically variable pixels have a relatively strong additional magnetic field 90 . It should be noted that each magnetic pixel can be controlled so that it has a magnetic field strength of any size. When the maximum current of a polarity is added to the respectively controllable electromagnetic source 62, it has the maximum positive magnetic field; When the electromagnetic source 62 is controllable, it has a zero magnetic field; and when the maximum current of the opposite polarity is applied to the respectively controllable electromagnetic source 62, it has a maximum negative magnetic field. In common terms, a magnetic field can be described as either a north pole or a south pole.

As shown in FIG. 5(c), when a uniform magnetic field is applied to the magnetically variable pixel, a uniform electronic circuit-forming microcapsule layer 30 is formed. Alternatively, this uniform electronic circuit forming microcapsule layer 30 can be created by electrostatic attraction, as discussed with reference to the other figures. Pixels with a relatively weak additional magnetic field 88 form an accumulation of three-dimensional structured microcapsules that are attracted to the relatively weak magnetic field. This three-dimensional microcapsule accumulation can be effectively fabricated into various electronic circuit components. The electrical properties of fabricated electronic circuit components depend on the composition and three-dimensional structure of the attracted microcapsules. Pixels with a relatively strong additional magnetic field 90 have accumulations of three-dimensional structured microcapsules that are attracted to the relatively strong magnetic field. According to the present invention, the number of microcapsule stacks and the final size of the three-dimensional structure formed by microcapsule stacking depend on the strength of the magnetic field applied through each magnetically variable pixel. Alternatively, the same structure can be provided using electrostatically variable pixels, or in a well-known manner, using a laser printer to create electrostatic attraction variations on the surface of a drum or plate. According to the present invention, laser printers can be used to print electronic circuit components by providing a toner composition which contains suitable electroactive components. In this case, multiple toner sources can be taken and attracted to an electrostatic attraction plate or drum, where each toner source has the appropriate toner composition to form the desired electronic circuit elements.

Referring to Figures 6(a) and 6(b), it shows a method of fabricating an electronic circuit element with a three-dimensional structure according to the present invention. The structure of the microcapsules 138 is stacked onto the locally variable attraction field plate 14 to form such a structure, for example, the three-dimensional structure microcapsules 140 are attracted to the respective variable pixels with a relatively weak additional magnetic field, and the three-dimensional structure microcapsules 142 are attracted to attracted to individually variable pixels with relatively strong additional magnetic fields. In this embodiment, the microcapsules are thermally expandable and can be thermally expanded by heating. Thermal expansion of the microcapsules can result in solidification and a reduction in the density of the microencapsulated electrically reactive material contained within the fabricated electronic device. This method of controlling device density facilitates the formation of various circuit elements, such as resistors, capacitors, etc., with desired electrical characteristics.

Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention, which can simultaneously display three received display signals. The thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless displays of the present invention comprise a flexible substrate providing a support structure on which elements can be fabricated using printing methods. As described in co-owner's co-applied US Patent Application entitled "A Thin, Lightweight, Flexible, Bright, Wireless Display", a unique and efficient method of transmitting display information to a single or multiple displays enables such displays It is not necessary to have significant on-board storage capacity and processing power, the full text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In accordance with this feature of the invention, the power consumption, bulk, weight and cost normally associated with such devices can be avoided and the durability and convenience of the display can be increased. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, multiple streams of display information may be received and displayed simultaneously. For example, broadcast video content such as a television program may be displayed on a first portion of the display, personalized video content such as a videophone conversation may be displayed on a second portion, and a web page containing mapped hyperlinked content may be displayed on a third portion. Most of the processing operations, networking, signal tuning, data storage, etc. to create this set of display content streams are not performed by the wireless display of the present invention. Other devices such as centralized computers, A/V or gateway devices can perform these functions, therefore, the display of the present invention has great mobility and convenience.

Figure 8 shows some of the layers that form the thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention. The flexible substrate 210 provides a durable, insulating and protective base upon which the various battery layers, input layers, display layers and electronic circuit layers are formed. For example, flexible substrate 210 may be a plastic sheet including nylon, polyethylene, or other suitable material. A flexible battery 212 is fabricated on a flexible substrate 210 . The large surface area of the flexible substrate 210 can form batteries with suitable energy storage capacity and thinness. As described herein, the microcapsule printing method of the present invention can be used to make a flexible battery 212, or the individual element sheets can be laminated together to form a support sheet, a flexible substrate and a battery support sheet can be made, and a display can be made on the support sheet and electronic circuits. In general, a flexible battery according to the invention includes a cathode layer 214, which may consist of a cathode film. Cathode layer 214 may be made of high purity manganese dioxide (MnO ₂ ) material. The current collector 216 adjacent to the cathode layer 214 is made of metallic platinum or a screen or grid. This current collector 216 forms the positive lead of the battery. The anode layer 217 is formed by an anode film, which has the current collector 216 adjacent thereto. The anode layer 217 may be made of a lithium-containing material. Current collector 216 forms the negative lead of the battery. Between the anode layer 217 and the cathode layer 214 is an electrolyte layer. Electrolyte layer 218 may be microcapsules containing a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymeric matrix. The electrolyte layer 218 can be made by infusing the liquid electrolyte in the polymer, or using the printing method of the present invention to microencapsulate the liquid electrolyte inner phase in the field-attracted microcapsule shell.

Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the sheets in the thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention. The displays of the present invention are inexpensive to manufacture, durable and efficient. The flexible substrate 210 provides the structure that forms the sheets in the display and makes the display highly flexible and durable. For example, the flexible substrate 210 can be plastic, paper or coated paper, or other suitable materials.

The battery sheet 212 provides power to the electronic circuit sheet 220 components, the user input sheet 222 component and the display sheet 224 component. The battery sheet 212 may include a first current collector 216 printed on a flexible insulating substrate, which may be the flexible substrate 210 . An anode layer 217 or cathode layer 214 is printed on the first current collector 216 layer. The microencapsulated electrolyte layer 218 is printed on the anode layer 217 or the cathode layer 214 . Another anode layer 217 or cathode layer 214 is printed on the electrolyte layer 218 and a second current collector 216 is printed on this anode layer 217 or cathode layer 214 . The size of the battery sheet 212 can be substantially the entire surface area of the wireless display. Therefore, very efficient and thin batteries can be made. Due to the signal shielding effect of the battery, it is ideal to make the battery with less than the total surface area and place an antenna that can receive signals from multiple directions. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to utilize shielding and signal reflection capabilities to establish directionality of received and/or transmitted signals. Additionally, the battery sheet 212 may contain multiple layers for increasing storage density and changing the electrical characteristics of the battery.

The wireless display of the present invention also includes an electronic circuit sheet 220 . The components of electronic circuit wafer 220 may be fabricated using printing methods, or may be fabricated using other techniques, such as surface mount circuit assemblies or combinations, which relate to electronic components and circuit designs. The electronic circuit sheet 220 includes signal transmitting elements 226 for transmitting user input signals. These user input signals are used to control remote devices such as computers, A/V equipment, videotelephony devices, appliances, home lighting, and the like. User input signals may be transmitted directly to the device being controlled, as described herein, or may be received by a central computer device, which is then used to control the device.

An important feature of the present invention is the ability to provide a thin, lightweight, bright, wireless display device that is low cost and easy to manufacture. Typically, mobile display devices, such as laptop computers or webpads, require substantial on-board processing power to receive wireless modem signals connected to the Internet and display web pages. It is an object of the present invention to completely obviate the need for such processing power on the display, thereby reducing cost, size, battery consumption and increasing durability and availability. Therefore, according to the present invention, the signal receiving element 228 is included in the electronic circuit sheet 220 for receiving display information, and the display driving element 230 drives the display layer according to the received display information. As described here, the signal receiving component 228 is composed of an RF antenna and a receiving circuit, and most or all components in the electronic component circuit can be made by using the microcapsule printing method of the present invention.

The thin, lightweight, bright, wireless display of the present invention also includes a user input sheet 222 for receiving user input and generating user input signals. The user input sheet 222 may be a grid of conductive coils 232, which may be made using a printing method by printing a conductive material such as a conductive polymer.

A current may be induced in the conductive coil 232 as a magnetic field passes through the coil. A detection circuit (not shown) detects the location of the induced current (as in a conventional touch screen input device), thereby locating the user input.

User input sheet 222 may comprise a grid of conductive elements printed on insulating layer 234 . Conductive elements induce detectable electrical signals in response to moving magnetic fields. For example, a magnetic pen tip passing through the surface of the wireless display of the present invention can create a moving magnetic field. The location of conductive elements with induced magnetic fields enables user input to be mapped. This mapped input can be transmitted to a central computer device (as described herein), which can hyperlink to Internet-based content, handwriting recognition, graphics, highlighted text, and the like.

Referring again to FIG. 8, a display sheet 224 including light-emitting pixels 240 for displaying information is supported by a substrate. Preferably, the display sheet 224 is manufactured as described in co-owned U.S. Patent Application, entitled "A Thin, Lightweight, Flexible, Bright, Wireless Display," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Display sheet 224 may be formed on other layers of the wireless display of the present invention. These other layers can be produced using printing manufacturing methods, or using other methods. For example, all or part of the battery sheet 212 described herein can be made by laminating together sheets of suitable materials, eg, anode layers, cathode layers, charge collection layers, and electrolyte layers.

Light emitting pixels 240 in display sheet 224 may be made by providing insulating layer 234, eg, a sheet of polymer sheet material laminated or printed on top of the display layer of the present invention. An x or y electrode layer 242 comprising lines of conductive material is formed on the insulating layer, preferably by printing a conductive polymer onto the insulating layer 234 . A pixel layer of light emitting conductive polymer region 240 is printed on y electrode layer 242 . A y or x electrode layer 244 comprising lines of transparent conductive material is formed on the pixel layer.

The display sheet 224 may include printed conductive leads connected to each light-emitting pixel, and under the control of the display driving element, power can be selectively applied to each light-emitting pixel. The signal receiving element 228 may include: a first radio frequency receiving element, configured to receive the first display signal carrying the first display information on the first radio frequency, and a second radio frequency receiving element, configured to receive the second display information carried on the second radio frequency of the second display signal. The display driving component 230 may also include: a signal processing component, such as a DSP, for receiving the first display signal and the second display signal and generating a display driving signal, which can simultaneously display the first display information on the first position of the display sheet 224 And the second display information is displayed on the second position of the display sheet 224 . With this configuration, for example, it is possible to receive one display signal from a computer placed in one room of the house, and receive a second display signal from a television set-top box placed in another room of the house. Information carried in two display signals can be displayed simultaneously, for example, enabling simultaneous web browsing and TV viewing on the wireless display of the present invention. In addition, the wireless display of the present invention may be constructed so as to be able to receive and display three or more such signals simultaneously.

A display sheet 224 can be made in which three layers of pixels are superimposed one on top of the other. Each layer including OLED pixels 240 produces colored light (like pixels 240 in a normal color television). By controlling the on-off state and/or light intensity of each pixel 240, a full-color display can be obtained. A transparent protective substrate 246 can be formed over the display sheet 224, for example, the protective substrate 246 can be a clear, durable flexible polymer.

According to the present invention, at least some components of the electronic circuit sheet 220 are printed with electroactive materials to form circuit elements, including: resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices. This allows for a very adaptable, efficient and effective manufacturing process and enables low manufacturing costs for the devices of the invention.

Fig. 9 is an embodiment of making a thin, flexible, lightweight, bright, wireless display of the present invention by using a microcapsule printer. The figure depicts the packing of microcapsule layers represented by circular microcapsule elements. In practice, of course, these microcapsule layers are developed, and the microcapsules are ruptured. In the case of laser toners, the microcapsules are melted and ruptured. In the case of a microcapsule printer, the microcapsules are most likely ruptured by means of pressure or heat. Alternatively, some microcapsules do not require any development, but instead have such a composition that the unruptured or undeveloped microcapsules become part of the finished electronic component.

According to the present invention, a thin, flexible, light weight, bright, wireless display can be obtained, which has elements that can be fabricated using printing methods. The flexible substrate 210 provides the support structure on which components can be fabricated using printing methods. A display sheet 224 comprising light emitting pixels is provided for displaying information. By printing a pixel layer 240 of a light emitting conductive polymer, a light emitting pixel can be made. The display sheet 224 includes printed conductive leads 242, 244 associated with each light-emitting pixel. Under the control of the display drive element, power is selectively applied to each light-emitting pixel. The light-emitting pixels are made in such a way that an insulating layer is provided. 234, print the y-electrode layer 242 comprising the conductive material line on the insulating layer 234, print the pixel layer of the light-emitting conductive polymer region 240 on the y-electrode layer 242, and print the transparent conductive material line on the pixel layer 240 The x-electrode layer 244.

The electronic circuit sheet 220 contains user input mapping elements for receiving user input signals and determining the physical location on the display at which the user input signals are received. A user input mapping element generates a mapped user input signal. For example, elements of an electrode signal detection circuit, such as those used in a touch screen device, may be utilized to detect and map received user input signals in response to movement of a magnetic pen tip across an input grid. The signal transmitting element transmits the mapped user input signal from the wireless display device of the present invention as a wireless information signal. The signal receiving element receives display information. The signal receiving element may include: a first radio frequency receiving element, configured to receive a first display signal carried by a first radio frequency carrying first display information, and a second radio frequency receiving element, configured to receive a second radio frequency signal carrying a second display information. Show signal. The display driving component includes: a signal processing component, used for receiving the first display signal and the second display signal and generating the display driving signal, which can simultaneously display the first display information on the first position of the display sheet 224 and the first display information on the first position of the display sheet 224 The second display information is displayed on the second position.

The signal transmitting element and the signal receiving element comprise well-known electronic circuit elements such as antennas, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other RF circuit devices represented by electronic element 227 . Using the printers and printing methods of the invention, at least some of these devices, as well as elements in other sheets of the wireless displays of the invention, can be directly fabricated. The display driving element drives the display layer according to the received display information. These display driving elements are formed by well-known circuits, for example, driving circuits of common LCD screens. Conventional LCD panels, however, use pixels containing liquid crystal light valves to selectively pass backside illumination. According to the invention, an organic light-emitting element is used as a picture element. Since each pixel emits light by itself when driven, no backlighting is required, reducing overall circuit complexity, cost and weight compared to LCD technology.

The user input sheet 222 receives user input and generates user input signals. The user input sheet 222 contains a grid of conductive elements 232 printed on an insulating layer that induce a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field.

The battery sheet 212 provides power to the electronic circuit sheet 220 components, input sheet 222 components and display sheet 224 components. The battery sheet 212 includes a first current collecting layer 216 printed on a flexible insulating substrate, which may be the flexible substrate 210 . An anode layer 217 is printed on the first current collecting layer. An electrolyte layer 218 is printed on the anode layer 217 . The cathode layer 214 is printed on the electrolyte layer 218 and the second current collecting layer 216 is printed on the cathode layer 214 . In accordance with the present invention, many components of the wireless display of the present invention are made by printing electro-active materials to form circuit elements including: resistors, capacitors, inductors, antennas, conductors and semiconductor devices.

In particular, with respect to battery sheet 212, the large surface area of flexible substrate 210 allows for suitable energy storage capacity and very thin batteries. As described herein, various component sheets are laminated together to form a support sheet, which can be used to form flexible substrates and battery support sheets on which displays and electronic circuits are fabricated. According to this feature of the present invention, flexible batteries can be made by using the field-attracted microcapsule printing method of the present invention. However, it should be noted that other printing methods, such as inkjet printing, can also be utilized in the fabrication of flexible batteries according to the present invention. In the case of inkjet printing, the microcapsules containing the battery components of the present invention are dispersed in a liquid and ejected onto the flexible substrate 210 in the inkjet printing process. According to the present invention, a battery can be made by forming a microencapsulated layer of electroactive material which constitutes an element of a functional battery. The cathode portion is made by forming a first cathode microcapsule layer. The microencapsulated cathode material may consist of an internal phase of high purity manganese dioxide ( _MnO2 ) contained within a polymer shell. Adjacent to the first cathode microcapsule layer, a first cell lead made of metal foil or mesh or the like is fabricated. A second cathode microcapsule layer is formed on top of this cell lead. The anode portion is made by forming a first anode microcapsule layer. The microencapsulated anode material may consist of an internal phase of lithium-containing material within a polymer shell. Adjacent to the first anode microcapsule layer, a second battery lead made of metal foil or mesh is fabricated. A second anode microcapsule layer is formed on top of this cell lead. Between the anode part and the cathode part is an electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer may be a highly conductive electrolyte in a polymeric matrix. The liquid electrolyte inner phase is encapsulated by the microcapsules in the shell layer of the field-attracted microcapsules, and the electrolyte layer can be made. Each layer of microcapsules can be cured or ruptured during the step of making each layer, especially in the case of pressure or heat rupturable microcapsules, and after the formation of the top layer, the battery element microcapsule layers can all be cured or ruptured. Using this method, the microcapsule printing method of the present invention is used to make a thin, flexible and lightweight power source. Similar to the structures described here, via-filled structural materials can be made using field-attracting microcapsules containing suitable resins, polymers, or other suitable substances to increase strength and prevent separation of flexible battery element stacks. In addition, there is a need to make batteries where the electrolyte is encapsulated within an electrically insulating casing and activated only when power is required to be generated after development such as pressurization. Thus, devices such as RF connectors or wireless displays can have a long shelf life by rupturing the electrolyte microcapsules to activate the device for use.

Figure 9(a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 for use in the method of printing electronic circuits according to the invention described herein. According to a feature of the present invention, flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 is utilized as a support sheet on which a thin, lightweight, bright, and flexible color display can be fabricated. Rechargeable battery elements may include: rechargeable plastic lithium-ion batteries. The battery element comprises a plastic part 250 which is made by impregnating the plastic with a liquid electrolyte. The formed plastic electrolyte member 250 is typically about 50% liquid, but must not leak. The plastic electrolyte member 250 is sandwiched between a positive plastic electrode 252 (which may contain lithium manganese oxide) fused to an aluminum grid 254 and a negative plastic electrode 256 (which may contain carbon) fused to a copper grid 258 . In accordance with the present invention, structural support substrate 260 is positioned adjacent at least one side of the rechargeable battery element. Structural shell substrate 260 may be a durable and flexible material such as fiberglass, plastic or other suitable material. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 248 can be used to provide a self-contained power source to power circuit components and display elements in the thin, lightweight, bright, and flexible color displays described herein. In this case, a flexible rechargeable battery support sheet 48 is provided as the substrate upon which the remainder of the display of the invention is fabricated. As described herein, all or some of the components that make up a flexible rechargeable battery can be fabricated using the microcapsule printing method of the present invention. In this case, using the same inventive printing technique, it is possible to fabricate the energy source for the inventive flexible rechargeable display, as well as some or all of the other electronic and display elements for the inventive thin, lightweight, bright and flexible color display. The resulting displays are very efficient because the display's support elements are also used to store the electrical energy needed to drive the electronics and display elements, resulting in significant weight savings and space maximization. Providing the required electrode areas and conductive vias (not shown) allows the battery to be connected to the rest of the electronics.

Figure 9(b) shows a grid of conductive coils that is part of the user input sheet for the thin, lightweight, flexible, bright, wireless display of the present invention. The user input sheet may consist of a grid of conductive elements, each of which induces a detectable electrical signal in response to a moving magnetic field. Alternatively, the user input sheet may comprise a touch screen made by printing pressure sensitive or capacitive sensitive elements on an insulating layer. In any event, the physical location of the user input is determined and a control signal is generated and transmitted to the remote device based on the determined physical location. By mapping the hyperlink position displayed on the wireless display of the present invention, and linking this position with the hyperlink mapped by the central computer (if the layout of the wireless display is changed, for example, the position on the specific screen of the mobile display, such as a web page, then Layout information can be transmitted to display information transmitting devices, making a gateway system feasible where a single server can provide Internet, audio and video content to many wireless devices).

Fig. 9(c) is a magnetic stroke formed on a magnetic detection grid according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 9(c), the magnetic stroke is detected as a user input current induced in the foil coil. This detected magnetic tip movement enables the location of user input to be determined. Information about magnetic stroke mapping and tracking is wirelessly transmitted to a remote computer where handwriting recognition, hyperlink mapping and other useful processing operations occur. Additionally, by controlling the display, the wireless display or remote computer of the present invention can use this detected stroke to provide feedback to the user, thereby producing a visual representation of the stroke motion.

Various printing methods are suitable for making components in the wireless display of the present invention, including inkjet printing technology, or printing technology such as laser and microcapsules of the present invention. When a magnetic field passes through the coil, a current can be induced in the conductive coil. A detection circuit (not shown) detects the position of the induced current (as in a common touch screen input device), so that the user input can be located. The user input sheet may comprise a grid of conductive elements printed on an insulating layer. Conductive elements induce detectable electrical signals in response to moving magnetic fields. For example, a magnetic pen tip passing through the surface of the wireless display of the present invention can generate a moving magnetic field. The location of conductive elements with induced magnetic fields enables user input to be mapped. Transmitting this mapped input to a central computer device (as described herein) enables hyperlink access to Internet-based content, handwriting recognition, graphics, highlighted text, and the like. Figure 9(d) is an exploded view of the conductive coil. Figure 9(e) is an assembled view of the conductive coil; and Figure 9(f) is a cross-sectional view of two conductive coils. Each conductive element may be shaped such that the coil terminates at the x- and y-electrode terminals, the grid of such coils containing the user input slice. The printing method of the present invention to form a coil grid requires the deposition of a conductive coil structure on an insulating support sheet, which can be a thin sheet or a printed insulating layer. As shown in Figure 10, insulating material can be printed between the conductive parts of the coil to create a flat upper surface on which another insulating layer (or printed insulating sheet) is added. On top of this insulating layer, a top electrode layer is made to complete the coil grid. Vias in the insulating layer allow electrical connection of the top electrode to the printed coil.

Fig. 9(h) is a cross-sectional view of a multi-unit support sheet made according to the structure of the rechargeable battery of the present invention shown in Fig. 9(g). The stack of flexible battery elements 262 is sandwiched between an inner support substrate 264 and an outer support substrate 266 . These support substrates provide durability and protection to the display components, as well as electrical isolation between the battery components and other electronic circuit components. Each adjacent stack of flexible battery elements shares the copper or aluminum mesh with its neighbors. The structural material filling the vias 268 increases strength and prevents separation of the flexible battery element stack 262 . For example, the structural material may be a resin, polymer, or other suitable substance.

Another embodiment of the printer of the present invention in which electronic circuits are formed in the microcapsule layer will now be described. As shown in FIG. 10( a ), an image receiving device is provided for receiving the electric circuit in the field-attracting microcapsule 24 layer. The image receiving device includes a locally variable attractive field element comprising a glass plate substrate 144 having an optomagnetic coating 146 thereon. The information light source includes, for example, a bundle of fiber optic cables 148 for transmitting optical information, each fiber optic cable forming a single fiber optic pixel. The ends of the individual fibers may be fused together to form the glass plate substrate, or to create a structure supported by the glass plate substrate 144 . In addition, the opto-magnetic coating 146 can also be an opto-electronic coating 146 that generates a uniform or varying electrostatic field to attract the electrostatically attracted microcapsules 24 . By changing the spatial relationship and intensity of the optical information directed to the fiber optic cable bundle, the opto-magnetic coating or optoelectronic coating 146 becomes attractive so that it is capable of attracting the microcapsules 24 to selected portions of the attracting field element. According to the present invention, the control device is connected with the information light source for controlling the locally variable attracting field element, and can selectively add the attracting field to the position of the locally variable attracting field element, therefore, by selectively adding the locally variable attracting field Components can be made into 24 layers of field-attracting microcapsules.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 10(a) to 10(c), the control means comprises the end of the optical fiber bundle, and by adding light information to the selected position of the optical magnetic coating 146, the attraction strength of the attraction field element can be controlled , so that the attractive field is added to the location of the attractive field element. When excited by incident light, the optomagnetic coating becomes magnetically attractable, thereby magnetically attracting the microcapsules to the attracting field element.

As shown in Figures 10(a) to 10(c), the light beam is guided through a section of optical fiber, making it incident on the optoelectronic and/or optomagnetic coating 146 to generate a magnetic field and/or an electrostatic field, in order to Or corresponding discrete positions of the magneto-optical coating 146 plus respective attractive fields. The optoelectronic and/or optomagnetic coating 146 may be applied, for example, to selectively electrostatically and magnetically attract microcapsules 24 of different compositions to produce multiple effects.

The source of optical information may be a fluorescent coating 150 that emits light in response to an incident electron beam. The phosphor coating 150 may include a black and white phosphor screen to create high contrast and gray tones, thereby altering the magneto-optical and electro-optical effects. Color phosphor screens can be used to give color information with different effects, depending on the properties of the optoelectronic and optomagnetic coating 146 .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10( c ), the light information is used to control the attraction strength of the field element, and the light shielding layer 152 can be used to prevent unwanted exposure of the microcapsules 24 . Alternatively, the optomagnetic layer and electro-active material of microcapsule 24 may respond to different wavelengths of light, thereby preventing premature exposure of the electro-active material.

Referring now to FIG. 11(a), a uniform intensity and/or wavelength may be incident on the magneto-optical coating 146 to form a uniform magnetic field, which results in a uniform microcapsule 24 layer with a planar structure. Furthermore, in order to produce various effects such as placing electronic circuits at discrete positions on the recording sheet while leaving the rest of the recording sheet blank, forming a three-dimensional electronic circuit, or stacking composite electronic circuits onto the recording sheet, in a To selectively form electronic circuits at discrete locations in a series of electronic circuit forming steps, light of varying intensities and/or wavelengths may be incident on the magneto-optical coating 146 in order to form a non-uniform magnetic field that results in varying Structure of heterogeneous microcapsules with 24 layers.

Scanning laser light from a laser source 156 can be used to write information onto the opto-magnetic coating 146 of the glass substrate 144 as shown in FIG. 12( a ). The scanning laser may be pulsed to selectively write information to selected discrete locations on the magneto-optical coating 146 . As shown in FIG. 12( b ), a scanning electron gun 158 may be used to write information onto the fluorescent coating 150 . In this case, scanning electron gun 158 may be caused to scan using conventional magnetic field manipulation techniques, such as those employed in conventional cathode ray tubes. Accordingly, the phosphor screen produces an emission of light which is incident on the optomagnetic or optoelectronic coating 146 and which produces optomagnetic and/or electrostatic effects at selected discrete locations of the attracting field elements in order to create the desired undesired properties of the attracting microcapsules 24. Expose the electronic circuit to form the latent image layer.

As shown in FIGS. 12( c ) and 12 ( d ), an LCD matrix 160 , or a matrix of light emitting diodes or diode lasers, can be used to write information onto the optomagnetic and/or optoelectronic coating 146 . In the case of an LCD matrix 160, backside illumination spatially modulated by the LCD matrix 160 light valve effect may be provided. An LCD matrix 160 or a diode laser (or LED) matrix can be fabricated using known techniques for fabricating such devices.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of laser source 156 generating a laser beam that is scanned across optomagnetic and/or optoelectronic coating 146 of an attracting field element using galvano scanner 162 . To improve contrast and provide spacing between discrete locations (ie, pixels) on the field element, optomagnetic and/or optoelectronic coatings 146 may form pixels. Etching the coating 146 into discrete pixels allows each pixel's respective sensing field to be more concentrated in the area separating the pixels in order to reduce the effect of the field induced in each pixel on adjacent pixels. Etching of the coating can be accomplished using known masking/selective etching techniques, such as those employed in printed circuit fabrication. Laser beams can be pulsed to convey electronic circuit information. A galvano scanner 162 is used to direct this pulse modulated laser beam to the location of the attractive field element to form a latent image of the electronic circuit. Thus, a locally variable attraction field can be made, and the attracted microcapsules 24 form a uniform layer with a flat structure or a non-uniform layer with a variable structure. By controlling the scanning of the laser beam, latent images of electronic circuits that generate attractive fields can be made.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which the attractive field elements are configured as a rotating drum 164 . The working surface of the drum 164 is coated with an optoelectronic and/or magneto-optical coating 146, and one or more laser beams are scanned across the entire surface of the drum 164 one or more lines at a time to form an attractive field. In the case of multiple laser beams, spatial optical information can be added to modulate the different beams. Additionally, one or more fiber optic cables 148 may be used to direct light onto the drum 164 . Alternatively, electron beams can be used to generate varying attractive fields.

As shown in FIG. 15( a ), the attractive field element is configured as a rotating drum 164 , which may also be hollow, and contains a transparent substrate 144 . An information-carrying light source, such as one or more fiber optic cables 148, a cathode ray tube, a matrix of liquid crystal light valves (or other spatial light modulators), a matrix of LED or diode lasers, or other information-carrying light sources, is placed in the hollow drum 164 Somewhere inside, it may radiate to the optoelectronic and/or optomagnetic coating 146 provided on the idler drum 164 . Optical information is transmitted through the transparent drum 164 to the substrate 144 and causes the optoelectronic and/or optomagnetic coating 146 to become a locally variable attractive coating.

As shown in FIG. 15( b ), the optical information of the information light source is set inside the idle drum 164 to make the optoelectronic, and the optomagnetic coating 146 generate an attractive field on the surface of the drum 164 . The microcapsules 24 from the microcapsule source 26 are attracted to the surface of the drum 164 (or the surface of the recording sheet placed on the drum 164). As the drum 164 rotates, the layer of microcapsules 24 becomes facing another information light source 165 (which may be configured as a light source as described with reference to the information light source inside the drum 164). This information light source 165 imagewise exposes the microcapsule 24 layer to produce a latent image of the electronic circuit. Then, the latent image of the electronic circuit is developed (not shown). Additionally, the canceling device 167 may be used to restore the magnetic or electrostatic field of the opto-electronic, opto-magnetic coating 146 .

16(a) to 16(d) show various arrangements of information light sources. Fig. 16 (a) represents the information light source configured as LED or diode laser matrix 166; Fig. 16 (b) represents the information light source configured as liquid crystal light valve 160 with backside illumination 168; Fig. 16 (c) represents the configuration as cathode ray tube 170; and FIG. 16(d) shows an information light source configured as an array of fiber optic cable ends 172. The size of each cell 174 in the array or matrix is exaggerated for ease of illustration. Actual dimensions may vary with cost, required resolution, space, etc.

Claims (38)

1. one kind is utilized micro-capsule to encapsulate the printer that electric active material is made electron device, it is characterized in that:

The attraction field element of locally variable;

Control the control device that locally variable attracts an element, be used for adding selectively the attraction field and arrive each position that locally variable attracts an element, so can make a field attraction microcapsule layer,

The field attracts the micro-capsule feeding mechanism of micro-capsule, and described attracts micro-capsule to comprise electric active material, is used to be attracted to the described position, attraction field that attracts the field element;

Thereby can attract the composition of microcapsule layer and size to make predetermined electronic circuit component according to the field.

2. make the printer of electron device according to claim 1, wherein the attraction field element of locally variable also comprises: at least one the photoelectricity coating or the optomagnetic coating that form on substrate are used to respond and incide the light at least one photoelectricity coating or the optomagnetic coating and produce and attract.

3. make the printer of electron device according to claim 2, wherein at least one photoelectricity coating or optomagnetic coating are etched into pixel.

4. make the printer of electron device according to claim 2, also comprise: lead beam incides the guiding device of a few photoelectricity coating or optomagnetic coating, be used to produce at least one magnetic field or electrostatic field, in order that on the corresponding discrete location of at least one photoelectricity coating or optomagnetic coating, form attraction field separately.

5. make the printer of electron device according to claim 4, wherein guiding device comprises: a plurality of fiber optical waveguides.

6. make the printer of electron device according to claim 4, wherein guiding device also comprises: produce the light beam source of light beam and the scanister of scanning light beam at least one photoelectricity coating or optomagnetic coating, be used for producing the attraction field, in order that on the corresponding discrete location of at least one photoelectricity coating or optomagnetic coating, form attraction field separately.

7. make the printer of electron device according to claim 2, wherein the attraction field element of locally variable also comprises: produce the luminescent coating of light on the substrate, the light of generation incides at least one photoelectricity coating or the optomagnetic coating to produce at least one electrostatic attraction field or magnetic attachment field.

8. make the printer of electron device according to claim 1, it is the magnetic attachment micro-capsule that its midfield attracts micro-capsule; And the attraction field element of locally variable also comprises: add magnetic field device, be used to add each local attraction field as the magnetic attachment field.

9. make the printer of electron device according to claim 1, it is the electrostatic attraction micro-capsule that its midfield attracts micro-capsule; And the attraction field element of locally variable also comprises: add static field device, be used to add each local attraction field as the electrostatic attraction field.

10. make the printer of electron device according to claim 1, wherein at least some attract micro-capsule to comprise a thermal expansion composition or hot fusible composition at least.

11. a method of making display, it has the element that utilizes Method of printing to make, and its feature may further comprise the steps: the bearing substrate of supporting structure is provided, utilizes Method of printing to make element on this bearing substrate; Making comprises the display layer of light emitting pixel, is used for display message, and light emitting pixel is to make by the pixel graphics of printing the luminous current-conducting polymer microcapsule; Making comprises the electronic circuit layer of electron device, and it is to print electricity activation micro-capsule figure to make on the discrete location of bearing substrate; Make the user's input layer that receives user's input and produce user input signal, make user's input layer by printing the conductive element grid, when passing conductive element in magnetic field, each conductive element produces detectable electric signal; With the making battery layers, be used to provide electric energy to the electronic circuit layer elements, user's input layer element and display layer element.

12. according to the method that claim 11 is made display, wherein battery layers comprises: first current collection layer; In anode layer of on first current collection layer, printing and the cathode layer one; The dielectric substrate of printing on described one in anode layer and cathode layer; With another and described second current collection layer of printing on another in anode layer and cathode layer in anode layer of on dielectric substrate, printing and the cathode layer.

13. make the method for display according to claim 11, wherein display layer comprises the conductive lead wire that is connected with each light emitting pixel, under the control of display driver element, add electric energy selectively to each light emitting pixel, light emitting pixel is made like this, and insulation course is provided, and prints the y electrode layer that comprises the conductive material line on insulation course, on the y electrode layer, print the pixel layer of luminous current-conducting polyidal field and on pixel layer, print the x electrode layer that comprises the transparent conductive material line.

14. make the method for display according to claim 11, wherein the electronic circuit layer comprises signal receiving element, it comprises: the first radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive first shows signal with first display message of on first radio frequency, carrying, with the second radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive second shows signal with second display message of on second radio frequency, carrying, with the display driver element that comprises the signal processor element, be used to receive first shows signal and second shows signal and produce display drive signals, can show demonstration second display message on first display message and the second place on the primary importance of display layer simultaneously at display layer.

15. the method for making display according to claim 11, battery layers wherein, display layer, at least some elements are by printing electric active material to make circuit component in user's input layer and the electronic circuit layer, and it comprises: resistor, capacitor, inductor, antenna, conductor and semiconductor devices.

16. one kind is utilized micro-capsule to encapsulate the method that electric active material is made electron device, its feature may further comprise the steps: the substrate that upper surface is arranged as supporting structure is provided, utilizes the micro-capsule Method of printing to make element on this substrate; Attract the discrete location of an attraction microcapsule layer to substrate, an attraction micro-capsule comprises electric active material, thereby can attract the composition of microcapsule layer and size to make predetermined electronic circuit component according to the field.

17. according to the method that claim 16 is made electron device, wherein electric active material has conductor, insulator, resistor, semiconductor, inductor, magnetic material, piezoelectric, photoelectric material, or at least a electrical properties in the thermoelectric material.

18. make the method for electron device according to claim 16, its midfield attracts microcapsule layer the many levels micro-capsule to be arranged to form desired three dimensional shape, therefore, electronic circuit component have with pile up microcapsule layer in the composition electrical properties relevant of many levels with the 3D shape size.

19. a display, it has the element that utilizes Method of printing to make, and it is characterized in that: as supporting structure the flexible substrate of upper surface is arranged, utilize Method of printing to make element on this substrate; Comprise the display layer of light emitting pixel, be used for display message, light emitting pixel is to make by the pixel layer of printing the luminous current-conducting polymkeric substance; The electronic circuit layer, it comprises: the signal radiated element, be used to launch the display message that user input signal is launched from the shows signal generating means with control to the shows signal generating means, signal receiving element, be used to receive display message from the emission of shows signal generating means, with the display driver element, drive display layer according to the display message that receives; User's input layer is used to receive user's input and produces user input signal; Battery layers is used to provide electric energy to the electronic circuit layer elements, user's input layer element and display layer element.

20. according to the display of claim 19, wherein battery layers comprises: first current collection layer; Anode layer; Dielectric substrate, it comprises liquid electric conductivity electrolysis matter and forms the polymkeric substance of leakproof dielectric substrate; The cathode layer and second current collection layer, wherein said battery layers basically forms the entire upper surface at flexible substrate.

21. according to the display of claim 19, wherein user's input layer comprises: conductive element grid, each conductive element are used to bring out the magnetic field of detectable electric signal with responsive movement.

22. according to the display of claim 19, wherein user's input layer comprises: touch-screen, it is to print pressure-sensitive on insulation course or the capacitance-sensitive element is made.

23. according to the display of claim 19, wherein display layer comprises: the conductive lead wire that is connected with each light emitting pixel under the control of display driver element, adds electric energy selectively to each light emitting pixel.

24. display according to claim 19, wherein signal receiving element comprises: the first radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive first shows signal of carrying first display message on first radio frequency, with the second radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive second shows signal of carrying second display message on second radio frequency, and wherein the display driver element comprises: Signal Processing Element, be used to receive first shows signal and second shows signal and produce display drive signals, can show demonstration second display message on first display message and the second place on the primary importance of display layer simultaneously at display layer.

25. according to the display of claim 19, battery layers wherein, display layer, at least some elements are by printing electric active material to make circuit component in user's input layer and the electronic circuit layer, and it comprises: resistor, capacitor, inductor, antenna, conductor and semiconductor devices.

26. a display, the element that it has the Method of printing system of utilization to make is characterized in that: as supporting structure the flexible substrate of upper surface is arranged, utilize Method of printing can make element on flexible substrate; The display layer that comprises light emitting pixel, be used for display message, light emitting pixel is made like this, insulation course is provided, on insulation course, print the y electrode layer that comprises the conductive material line, on the y electrode layer, print the pixel layer of luminous current-conducting polyidal field and on pixel layer, print the x electrode layer that comprises the transparent conductive material line; The electronic circuit layer comprises: the signal radiated element, be used to launch user input signal, and signal receiving element is used to receive display message and display driver element, drives display layer according to the display message that receives; User's input layer is used to receive user's input and produces user input signal; Battery layers is used to provide electric energy to the electronic circuit layer elements, user's input layer element and display layer element.

27. according to the display of claim 26, wherein battery layers comprises: first current collection layer of on the flexible insulation substrate, printing; In anode layer of on first current collection layer, printing and the cathode layer one; The micro-capsule encapsulation dielectric substrate of printing on described in anode layer and cathode layer; With in anode layer of on dielectric substrate, printing and the cathode layer another; With described second current collection layer of printing on another in anode layer and cathode layer; Wherein said battery layers basically forms the entire upper surface at flexible substrate.

28. according to the display of claim 26, wherein user's input layer comprises: printed conductive unit grid on the insulation course, described conductive element is used to bring out the magnetic field of detectable electric signal with responsive movement.

29. according to the display of claim 28, wherein each described conductive element is made coil shape.

30. according to the display of claim 26, wherein display layer comprises: the printing conductive lead wire that is connected with each light emitting pixel under the control of display driver element, adds electric energy selectively to each light emitting pixel.

31. display according to claim 26, wherein signal receiving element comprises: the first radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive first shows signal of carrying first display message on first radio frequency, with the second radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive second shows signal of carrying second display message on second radio frequency, and wherein the display driver element comprises: Signal Processing Element, be used to receive first shows signal and second shows signal and produce display drive signals, can show demonstration second display message on first display message and the second place on the primary importance of display layer simultaneously at display layer.

32. according to the display of claim 26, battery layers wherein, display layer, at least some elements are by printing electric active material to make circuit component in user's input layer and the electronic circuit layer, and it comprises: resistor, capacitor, inductor, antenna, conductor and semiconductor devices.

33. a display, it has the element that utilizes Method of printing to make, and it is characterized in that: the flexible substrate as supporting structure is provided, utilizes Method of printing to make element on this substrate; Comprise the display layer of light emitting pixel, be used for display message, light emitting pixel is to make by the pixel layer of printing the luminous current-conducting polymkeric substance; Comprise the electronic circuit layer that the user imports the mapping element, be used to receive user input signal and determine to receive on the display physical location of user input signal and the user input signal of generation mapping; The signal radiated element is used to launch the user input signal of mapping; Signal receiving element is used to receive display message; With the display driver element, drive display layer according to the display message that receives; User's input layer is used to receive user's input and produces user input signal; Battery layers is used to provide electric energy to the electronic circuit layer elements, user's input layer element and display layer element.

34. according to the display of claim 33, wherein battery layers comprises: first current collection layer of on the flexible insulation substrate, printing; In anode layer of on first current collection layer, printing and the cathode layer one; The dielectric substrate of printing on described one in anode layer and cathode layer; With in anode layer of on dielectric substrate, printing and the cathode layer another; With described second current collection layer of printing on another in anode layer and cathode layer.

35. according to the display of claim 33, wherein user's input layer comprises: printed conductive unit grid on the insulation course, described conductive element is used to bring out the magnetic field of detectable electric signal with responsive movement.

36. display according to claim 33, wherein display layer comprises: the printing conductive lead wire that is connected with each light emitting pixel, under the control of display driver element, add electric energy selectively to each light emitting pixel, light emitting pixel is made like this, and insulation course is provided, and prints the y electrode layer that comprises the conductive material line on insulation course, on the y electrode layer, print the pixel layer of luminous current-conducting polyidal field and on pixel layer, print the x electrode layer that comprises the transparent conductive material line.

37. display according to claim 33, wherein signal receiving element comprises: the first radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive first shows signal of carrying first display message on first radio frequency, with the second radio frequency receiving element, be used to receive second shows signal of carrying second display message on second radio frequency, and wherein the display driver element comprises: Signal Processing Element, be used to receive first shows signal and second shows signal and produce display drive signals, can show demonstration second display message on first display message and the second place on the primary importance of display layer simultaneously at display layer.

38. according to the display of claim 37, battery layers wherein, display layer, at least some elements are by printing electric active material to make circuit component in user's input layer and the electronic circuit layer, and it comprises: resistor, capacitor, inductor, antenna, conductor and semiconductor devices.

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