CN1095741C - 制造较软的产品的方法和该产品本身 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种较软的、基本扁平的、但三维的产品,该产品是通过采用压花模具的压花处理以如下方式实现对一种较软的、基本扁平的初始产品转变获得的,形成一压花花样,该花样由多个“绞接平行四边形”组成,该绞接平行四边形被挤压而成的材料线限定,从而当施加拉伸力时该绞接平行四边形结构起着像缩放仪一样的作用并且其中通过牵伸处理,二次体积增大与通过压花产生的一次体积增大相叠加。
Description
本发明涉及一种制造较软的基本扁平、但三维的产品的方法以及相应的产品本身。通常采用压花工艺增大这类基本扁平的产品的体积。这种体积的增大一方面将作用于其外观,另一方面也将影响其技术性能。例如如果对一种薄棉纸或类似的纸制品进行压花处理的话,则因此不仅可以改善外观,还可以改进其触感和触摸特性。除触感特性外,采用压花的方法对初始产品的转变还可以改进产品的吸附特性。就本发明的方法和本发明的产品而言,可采用不同的材料,确切地说,例如纸:卫生纸(皱纹的和无皱纹的、湿置的、单层的或多层的)、卫生巾;纺织品:所有软纺织物、织物、所谓的“无纺布”(例如干置的)、纺织层压物;塑料:薄膜或纤维束形式的软塑料;皮革:所有软皮革;金属:薄金属膜,尤其是铝箔。就压花而言,可以采用专业人员公知的各种不同的方法。
有鉴于公知的方法,本发明的目的在于提出一种本说明书引言部分中所述的产品,采用最简单的手段在很大程度上可以明显地改善该产品的外观和/或其触感性能。
采取一种用于制造较软基本扁平、但具三维形状的产品的方法,可实现本发明的目的,所述方法的步骤如下:
a)三维花样压花,实现较软的、基本扁平的初始产品的转变,从而产生对应于初始产品的一次体积增大;和
b)对该经初始产品压花处理获得的中间产品顺其基本扁平的延伸方向进行牵伸,从而产生对应于中间产品的叠加的、二次体积增大。
在对经压花处理后的中间产品进行牵伸处理时,意外地发现,采用特别简单的二次体积增大方式可以至少改善中间产品的外观和触感性能。
如果中间产品的压花花样由多个相互交联的绞接平行四边形构成,并且最好大致顺穿过平行四边形对角的方向,并且尤其顺穿过相对的对角的支点的方向进行牵伸处理时,所述支点当然不是机械意义的真正的支点,而是在压花处理时以如下方式形成的,被压缩的材料线相互交叉并起着对平行四边形限定的作用,所述平行四边形在施加拉伸力时,其作用就好象缩放仪一样,则作为对压花处理产生的体积增大叠加的该二次体积增大效果最佳。
作为体积增大系指经压花处理在基本扁平的初始产品上产生的隆起,因而首先在垂直于初始产品的大面上实现了体积增大。
“较软”用语尤其包含需要进行压花处理的必要性。该用语当然也包含如下方式的产品变形,通过牵伸处理可以实现与通过压花处理相同的持久变形。产品在最终状态时视用途和根据是否将外观放在首位,还是把触感性能防在首位,应具有一定的和在必要时特殊的柔韧性和柔软性。
本发明的目的还通过一种较软、基本扁平但具三维形状、具有三维压花花样和叠加于作为固有的一次体积增大的压花的二次体积增大的产品得以实现。其中,二次体积增大可以是凸起的并设置在构成一次体积增大的隆起侧,但也可以是下凹的。
压花花样不必非得是对称的不可,但可以是对称的。
如果在压花花样中压制成的单元形状从俯视的角度看具有一结构,该结构介于圆形与正方形或矩形之间,则可以以特别有利的方式实现二次体积增大。其中与圆形当然存在明显的差别。例如压花花样基本为菱形结构。
在压花花样中的单元形状间,基本在一个平面上形成冲压线,冲压线相互连接在一起并且分别每四条线构成一“绞接平行四边形”,并且正如在上述结合方法所述及的那样,大量的这种绞接平行四边形相互交联在一起。这些线相互交叉,其中与缩放仪类似,当以正确的方式施加所述拉伸力时,交叉点构成绞接点。这些交叉点(绞接点)间的线段可以是直线,但也不必非得是直线不可。例如与所谓的东方式的或威尼斯式的花样相同,这些线也可以是曲线。重要的一点是,当施加相应的拉伸力时,具有与缩放仪相同的响应特性。
较软、基本扁平但具三维形状的产品尤其是通过一扁平的、备有一形成一次体积增大的压花花样的、三维的中间产品获得的,该中间产品是利用压花模具制成的,对该中间产品通过基本顺其大致扁平的的延伸方向的牵伸处理实现与一次体积增大相叠加的永久的二次体积增大。这意味着,压花模具的结构对通过拉伸产生的叠加的二次体积增大有很大的影响。
采用“母”压花模具是特别适宜的,所述的“母”压花模具具有下凹,扁平的初始产品的材料被压入下凹内,形成永久的一次体积增大。与此相联系,冲压模具的下凹间具有相互连接的隔条,该隔条与下凹配合使中间产品具有压花花样,其中与下凹相对应的凸起被通过隔条冲压成的线挤压而成,从而被加强的材料限定,所述冲压线以特别有益的方式通过“母”冲压形成绞接平形四边形,所述绞接平行四边形交联在一起,从而当顺大面延伸方向和中间产品的绞接平行四边形的对角方向施加拉伸力时,该网络起着与缩放仪相同的作用。据此,当在机器运行方向上进行牵伸时,平行四边形应对准机器运行方向。
如果在压花模具中下凹的侧壁与模具表面的夹角为一特定的锐角,则可以特别有效地实现二次体积增大。该角优选不得小于40°并且尤其是不得小于60°。该角为65°时尤为有利。
而且每平方厘米的单元形状的数量也将对二次体积增大的形成起着积极的影响,每平方厘米该单元形状的数量可以是0.5至6个并且尤其是1至2.5个。
压花模具的下凹尺寸同样对通过牵伸形成的永久的二次体积增大有影响。下凹深度与其宽度的比例可以是0.1至0.5,尤其可以是0.2至0.3。
压花模具的下凹具有阶梯状側壁,由模具表面至下凹底部并列有多个壁段并且其中壁段与模具表面所夹的锐角将逐壁段减小。
压花模具的下凹间连接隔条的优选宽度为0.5mm至3mm,尤其是1.2mm至2.2mm。所述连接隔条也可以是异型件并且尤其是具有沿同一连接隔条形成的下凹组。因而在产品的冲压线上就形成作为附加的体积增大的凸起。
下面将对照几个在附图中示意示出的实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。图中示出:
图1a为薄棉纸产品压花花样的示意俯视图;
图1b为用于制备图1a所示产品的压花模具的俯视图;
图1c为沿图1b中A-A线的局部断面图;
图2a至2c为与图1a至1c类似的视图,但花样不同;
图3a至3c为与图1a至1c及图2a至2c相符的视图,但具有另一不同设计的花样;
图4为带有各侧壁段的压花凸起的剖面示意图;
图5a至5c为带有多个側壁段的压花花样凸起的各种剖面图;
图6a为在未经牵伸处理的状态下凸起一侧的压花花样凸起的示意俯视图;
图6b为通过压花产生的一次体积增大的凸起的对角剖面图;
图7a、7b、7c、7d为与6a和6b类似的图示,但是在牵伸处理后,其中由图7b、7c、7d可以看出作为对一次体积增大的叠加的通过牵伸产生的二次体积增大;
图8a为图1所示最终产品的花样(“钻石形”)的视图;
图8b为具有图8a所示花样的卫生纸卷的视图;
图9a为图2所示的最终产品的花样视图(“东方式”);
图9b为具有图9a所示花样的卫生纸卷视图;
图10a为图3所示的最终产品的花样视图(“枕形”);和
图10b为具有图10a所示花样的卫生纸卷视图。
在附图中,例如图1a和1b中,示出一致的花样,但图1a为利用模具花样压成的花样(反向),而图1b为压花模具本身的相应的花样。由于产品,尤其是就中间产品而言,是采用压花模具制成的,因此在下面对照三个实施例仅对压花模具加以说明,因为产品的特征也在于此。
在图1a至1c中示出一种被称作“钻石”-花样的花样。图1a和1b的花样与实物的比例为2∶1,而在图1c的具体图中为10∶1。该比例也适用于图2和3。
压花模具的压花花样包括连接隔条1,每四个连接隔条分别构成一正方形或平行四边形,该正方形或平行四边形排列在一起,通过连接隔条形成一个网络。其中在连接隔条1上可以顺序设置下凹2,该下凹在压成的中间产品上为小型的凸起。当然也不必非得有这种下凹不可。大型的下凹3位于连接隔条之间,该下凹由阶梯状的侧壁4a和4b构成。侧壁4a与模具表面的夹角为α并且侧壁4b与模具表面的夹角为β,β小于α。
大型下凹3就侧壁4a而言的深度为c并且就侧壁4a和4b而言的深度为d。根据一优选的实施例,所述尺寸的数值如下:
a: 1mm
b: 6mm
c: 1mm
d: 1.7mm
α:65°
e: 0.25mm.
图2b示出一种所谓的″东方式″压花花样,其中箭头M表示机器运行方向。比例关系与图1相同,该比例通常也适用于图3。在此与下述尺寸相关:
a: 1mm
b: 6mm
c: 1mm
d: 1.7mm
f: 8mm
g: 13.6mm
h: 1mm
α:65°。
图3示出一种枕形花样,其中花样与机器运行方向偏移一个角度γ,1.5°。在采取此种偏移时,图案高度约为183.21mm,即每个图案18.5个图形。
其尺寸的数值如下:
a: 1mm
b: 6mm
c: 1mm
d: 1.7nm
e: 0.25mm
i: 1.4mm(直径)
k: 7mm
α:65°。
在例如对一种作为初始产品的薄棉纸采用如图1、2和3所示的某种压花模具压制一种花样时,胶辊将薄棉纸抵压在连接隔条1上,并将后者挤压入下凹3内,从而使初始产品以如下方式获得压花,如图6所示,在连接隔条范围内材料被压缩和加强并在下凹范围3内产生凸起6。图中用标记7表示被冲压的边缘范围。在本说明书中将此称为冲压线。与连接隔条构成的网格相符,这些线如图6a所示构成平行四边形,其中如图3a和3b所示,线的交叉点被视为绞接点。就绞接平行四边形网格而言,当施加如图7a所示的拉伸力S时,整个花样就象一机械的缩放仪一样动作,与缩放仪的动作相同,所述拉伸力如图中箭头P所示,导致平行四边形变窄。在压花处理时,由凸起形成一次体积增大并且通过利用拉伸力S的牵伸处理形成与前者叠加的二次体积增大8,该二次体积增大在图7b、7c、7d中用箭头V标示。其中在图7c和7d中该二次体积增大为叠加的褶皱。
就模具的下凹,图4示意示出一带有各个侧壁和一所属的角α的实施例。图5a示出一顺序分阶的、分别与模具表面的夹角为α和β的侧壁4a、4b的系列,其中β小于α。如图5c所示也可以设置第一侧壁段4a,在该段上连接一教堂拱顶状的弧面4d。
下面将举例对本发明加以说明。
例1:以一初始角牵拉出双层薄棉纸带并送入压花机中。双层薄棉纸的基重为21.9g/m2,其宽度为50cm。其中薄棉纸完全由纤维素纸浆构成。压花机由一钢辊和一胶辊构成。钢辊的直径为198mm,胶辊的直径为174mm,胶厚度为17mm,胶的硬度为33肖氏硬度。有关母压花下凹的尺寸如图1b和1c所示并参照有关说明。辊间的压花压力为9420牛顿/m。
接着将采用此种压花机压制好的产品送入牵伸机中(所有过程都在一个装置中)并在此处以30牛顿/m的拉伸力对整个宽度进行牵伸处理。这时产生所述的二次体积增大,该二次体积增大与通过压花产生的一次体积增大叠加在一起。其中与初始产品相比,体积增大21.4%。与初始产品相比,在机器运行方向的强度下降17.6%(即在此方向上的柔韧性有所提高)。与初始产品相比,断裂延伸率下降12.3%并且与机器运行方向相垂直的方向的强度下降36.8%。
牵伸处理后,将作为按纵向间距通过穿孔间隔开的纸段的产品卷绕在卫生纸卷上。该纸卷的直径为123.2mm并且致密度为635cm×10-3。
上述在机器运行方向上的强度等于断裂前的机器运行方向上的拉应力。将双层薄棉纸或成品切割成76mm宽的样品,然后对准机器运行方向。将样品夹固在拉应力检测仪的两个夹子之间。两个夹子的间隔为51mm并对样品以每分钟250mm进行牵拉。作为测量结果记录下断裂前的最大应力(单位:牛顿)。以同样方法在垂直于机器运行方向的方向进行检测。测量体积增大的方法如下,将10块由初始产品切割成的纸片和5块最终产品的纸片叠放在一起,放置在一足压为2.9千帕斯卡电子厚度检测仪中。对检测结果加以记录(单位:mm×10-3)。
基重的确定方法如下,将10张由初始材料切割成的或5张由双层的最终产品切割成的10×10cm正方形的纸片叠置在一起。然后对样品进行称量并将测量结果乘以10,然后以千帕斯卡为单位加以记录。
对成品卫生纸卷的直径测量方法如下,将一标示直径的经校准的带子绕在成品纸卷的圆周上。
采用如下方式测量成品卫生纸卷的致密度或卷装硬度(单位:cm×10-3)。由一固定轴对成品卫生纸卷进行固定,该固定轴穿过纸卷心。然后将一用微弱负荷加载的检测仪围绕纸卷的圆周置放。在约15秒钟的调整时间后,在测量仪上取零读数。接着用较重的重力加载并且在经过15秒钟的稳定后取第二读数。将作为纸卷致密度的读数差记录下来,测量单位为cm×10-3。据此,致密度为635cm×10-3。
例2:整个过程基本与例1相同,但有如下变动。压花模具的数据如图2b和2c所示。钢辊的直径为191mm。
与初始产品相比,成品纸卷在机器运行方向的强度下降(柔韧性提高)为22.9%并且在垂直于机器运行方向的强度下降为39.3%。体积增大12%。成品纸卷的直径为123.7mm并且致密度为622.3cm×10-3。
比较例:用图1所示的花样实现一比较例。其中钢辊的直径当然为197mm。角度α为38°,b值为7.2mm并且d值为1.3mm。其中体积增大仅为1.7%。成品卫生纸卷的直径为120mm并且致密度仅为503cm×10-3。
Claims (25)
1.一种制造较软的、基本扁平的、但三维的产品的方法,具有如下制造步骤:
a)采用三维花样压花的方法实现较软的、基本扁平的初始产品的转变,该三维花样压花产生对应于初始产品的一次体积增大;和
b)采用经对初始产品压花处理获得的中间产品基本顺其基本扁平的延伸方向牵伸处理的方法,产生对应于经压花处理转变成的中间产品的叠加的、二次体积增大。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,中间产品的压花花样由多个相互交联的“绞接平行四边形”构成,并且牵伸处理大致顺穿过平行四边形的对角的方向进行。
3.较软的、基本扁平的、但三维的产品,其特征在于,具有一三维的压花花样和一与作为固有的一次体积增大的所述压花花样相叠加的二次体积增大。
4.按照权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,二次体积增大是凸起的并设置在构成一次体积增大的压花花样的隆起側。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的产品,其特征在于,压花花样基本是一种对称的压花花样。
6.按照权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,在压花花样中的单元形状的水平投影形状介于圆形形状(明显地与圆形差别很大)与正方形或矩形形状之间。
7.按照权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,压花花样基本是菱形花样。
8.按照权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,在压花花样中的单元形状之间形成基本在一个平面上的冲压线,这些线相互连接并且分别每四条线构成一绞接平行四边形并且多个这样的绞接平行四边形相互交联在一起。
9.较软的、基本扁平的、但三维的产品,其特征在于,所述产品是通过一种扁平的、备有形成一次体积增大的压花花样的、三维的中间产品获得的,该中间产品是采用压花模具制成的,对该中间产品通过基本顺其基本扁平的延伸方向的牵伸处理,实现与一次体积增大相叠加的、持久的二次体积增大。
10.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具上有下凹,扁平的初始产品的材料被挤压入所述下凹内,从而实现持久的一次体积变化。
11.按照权利要求9或10所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具上在下凹之间具有相互连接的隔条,该连接隔条与下凹配合在中间产品上实现压花花样,其中与下凹相对应凸起是被由连接隔条冲压出的线挤压而成的并因此被加强的材料限界,所述冲压线构成绞接平行四边形,绞接平行四边形相互成网格状连接,因而该网格在顺大面延伸方向并且基本顺绞接平行四边形的对角方向施加反向的拉伸力时起着与缩放仪相同的作用。
12.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹的侧壁在各侧与模具表面有一个特定的锐角夹角。
13.按照权利要求12所述的产品,其特征在于,所述角度不小于40°。
14.按照权利要求12所述的产品,其特征在于,所述角度不小于60°。
15.按照权利要求12所述的产品,其特征在于,所述角度为65°。
16.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹具有阶梯状侧壁,其中由模具表面开始有多个壁段排列到下凹的底部并且其中壁段与模具表面所夹的锐角逐壁段减小。
17.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,产品上的每平方厘米的单元图案的数量为0.5至6个。
18.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,产品上的每平方厘米的单元图案的数量为1至2.5个。
19.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹深度与宽度的比为0.1至0.5。
20.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹深度与宽度的比为0.2至0.3。
21.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹间的连接隔条的宽度为0.5至3mm。
22.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的下凹间的连接隔条的宽度为1.2至2.2mm。
23.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的连接隔条为异型件。
24.按照权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于,该产品的压花模具的连接隔条为具有沿连接隔条形成的一下凹组。
25.按照权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,采用的材料为薄棉纸制品。
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| AT253U1 (de) * | 1994-09-21 | 1995-06-26 | Ortmann Pwa Ag | Mehrlagiges bahnfoermiges hygienepapier |
| DE19509863A1 (de) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-04-11 | Peter H Meier | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verformung von Papier und Karton |
| CH689860A5 (de) * | 1995-05-09 | 1999-12-31 | Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von stapelbaren Verschlussmembranen. |
-
1997
- 1997-08-08 DE DE19734414A patent/DE19734414A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-07-16 AU AU89760/98A patent/AU746109B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-16 SK SK165-2000A patent/SK1652000A3/sk unknown
- 1998-07-16 TR TR2000/00370T patent/TR200000370T2/xx unknown
- 1998-07-16 HU HU0003200A patent/HUP0003200A3/hu unknown
- 1998-07-16 DE DE59807981T patent/DE59807981D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 WO PCT/EP1998/004435 patent/WO1999007546A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-16 BR BR9811879-0A patent/BR9811879A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-16 EP EP98941345A patent/EP1001879B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 ES ES98941345T patent/ES2197501T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 HR HR20000064A patent/HRP20000064A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-16 PL PL98338560A patent/PL338560A1/xx unknown
- 1998-07-16 CA CA002297728A patent/CA2297728A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-16 AT AT98941345T patent/ATE237465T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-16 KR KR1020007001329A patent/KR20010022732A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-16 JP JP2000507106A patent/JP2001513461A/ja active Pending
- 1998-07-16 CN CN98809594A patent/CN1095741C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-06 CO CO98045150A patent/CO5050381A1/es unknown
- 1998-08-07 AR ARP980103909A patent/AR013402A1/es unknown
-
2000
- 2000-02-07 US US09/498,661 patent/US6440564B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5296289A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1994-03-22 | Collins Loren M | Stretchable spun bonded nonwoven web and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CO5050381A1 (es) | 2001-06-27 |
| DE59807981D1 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
| HUP0003200A2 (hu) | 2001-02-28 |
| AU746109B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
| ATE237465T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
| EP1001879B1 (de) | 2003-04-16 |
| JP2001513461A (ja) | 2001-09-04 |
| ES2197501T3 (es) | 2004-01-01 |
| TR200000370T2 (tr) | 2001-07-23 |
| SK1652000A3 (en) | 2000-08-14 |
| CN1272079A (zh) | 2000-11-01 |
| WO1999007546A1 (de) | 1999-02-18 |
| BR9811879A (pt) | 2000-08-22 |
| AR013402A1 (es) | 2000-12-27 |
| EP1001879A1 (de) | 2000-05-24 |
| DE19734414A1 (de) | 1999-02-25 |
| US6440564B1 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
| KR20010022732A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
| HRP20000064A2 (en) | 2000-10-31 |
| CA2297728A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
| PL338560A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 |
| AU8976098A (en) | 1999-03-01 |
| HUP0003200A3 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
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