CN109456257A - 一种高收率2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高收率2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109456257A CN109456257A CN201710795679.1A CN201710795679A CN109456257A CN 109456257 A CN109456257 A CN 109456257A CN 201710795679 A CN201710795679 A CN 201710795679A CN 109456257 A CN109456257 A CN 109456257A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nitropyridine
- chloro
- preparation
- acid
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- BAZVFQBTJPBRTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 BAZVFQBTJPBRTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XKWSQIMYNVLGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 XKWSQIMYNVLGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 acrylate Bromopropene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical group COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PHMRPWPDDRGGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(Br)=C PHMRPWPDDRGGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CVUNPKSKGHPMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-chloroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Cl)=C CVUNPKSKGHPMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AWJZTPWDQYFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloroprop-2-enoate Chemical group COC(=O)C(Cl)=C AWJZTPWDQYFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VETLZUSGQIQIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)OC(C)(C)C.BrC(=C)C Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)OC(C)(C)C.BrC(=C)C VETLZUSGQIQIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WUPZNKGVDMHMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;dihydrate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[OH-].[OH-] WUPZNKGVDMHMBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ISIMQTCWOTYBLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-chloroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(Cl)=C ISIMQTCWOTYBLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RLAHWVDQYNDAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanetriol Chemical compound OC(O)O RLAHWVDQYNDAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QLILRKBRWXALIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitropyridine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 QLILRKBRWXALIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- UGSBCCAHDVCHGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 UGSBCCAHDVCHGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SONMCOHGXHYRNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C=1NC(=CC1)O Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1NC(=CC1)O SONMCOHGXHYRNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZODDGFAZWTZOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OS(O)(=O)=O ZODDGFAZWTZOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QTRZDUYXFGYPJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-5-nitro-1H-pyrrole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)N1 QTRZDUYXFGYPJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLTDBMHJSBSAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropyridine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 HLTDBMHJSBSAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPYHGTCRXDWOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitropyridin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O BPYHGTCRXDWOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEQHFODISSWYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitropyridine-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=N1 NEQHFODISSWYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RXZHFCUEZIVFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl.[Cl] Chemical compound P(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl.[Cl] RXZHFCUEZIVFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFFUISBAYGIGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].P(=O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Cl].P(=O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFFUISBAYGIGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical class [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BXQYQBFZTKKPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;nitrite;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Na+].Cl.[O-]N=O BXQYQBFZTKKPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/10—Chlorides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/122—Halides of copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/125—Halogens; Compounds thereof with scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/135—Halogens; Compounds thereof with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, germanium, tin or lead
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/138—Halogens; Compounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高收率2‑氯‑5‑硝基吡啶的制备方法。该方法以2‑卤代丙烯酸酯为初始原料,依次和硝基甲烷、原甲酸三乙酯缩合、吡啶环化得到2‑羟基‑5‑硝基吡啶,然后经氯代制备2‑氯‑5‑硝基吡啶。本发明所用原料价廉易得,操作简便,条件温和;不需要硝化反应,废水量少,操作安全性高;产品收率和纯度高,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高收率2-氯-5-硝基的制备方法,属于医药化学技术领域。
背景技术
2-氯-5-硝基吡啶是一种重要的吡啶衍生物,是合成杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂以及抗生素类等药物的中间体。
2-氯-5-硝基吡啶主要有以下两种方法,分别以2-氨基吡啶和3-硝基吡啶为起始原料。
以2-氨基吡啶为原料,经过硝酸-硫酸硝化反应得到2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶和2-氨基-3-硝基吡啶,分离后2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶经重氮化水解制备2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,然后使用三氯氧磷或五氯化磷氯代,制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶,总收率一般低于50%,描述为合成路线1如下(参见Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds,38(7),805-809,2002、Bulletinof the Chemical Society of Japan,60(10),3597-601,1987和中国专利CN102040554A):
以上合成路线1方法所用原料2-氨基吡啶价格较高,硝酸-硫酸硝化产生大量酸性废水,不利于环保,同时反应选择性差,需要进行2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶和2-氨基-3-硝基吡啶的分离。亚硝酸钠-盐酸和2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶反应,经重氮化水解制备2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,所经重氮盐稳定性差,温度控制要求高,操作不当容易冲料甚至爆炸,收率低,无工业化价值。
使用3-硝基吡啶为起始原料,先氧化得到3-硝基吡啶-N-氧化物,再经三氯氧磷氯代制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶,总收率低于20%,描述为合成路线2如下(参见Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,36(6),2244-71988):
Organic&Biomolecular Chemistry,1(15),2710-2715;2003使用3-硝基吡啶,经还原磺化得到5-羟胺基吡啶-2-磺酸,高锰酸钾氧化制备5-硝基吡啶-2-磺酸,五氯化磷氯代制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶,描述为合成路线3如下:
合成路线2及合成路线3所用原料3-硝基吡啶价格昂贵,其中合成路线2使用三氯氧磷氯代制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的选择性低,目标产品2-氯-5-硝基吡啶和副产物2-氯-3-硝基吡啶的比例为27:73。合成路线3使用高锰酸钾氧化,废水量大,污染严重。不利于工业化生产应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种安全环保的高收率2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法。该方法条件温和、产物收率高,适于工业化生产。
本发明技术方案如下:
一种2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,包括步骤:
(1)使2-卤代丙烯酸酯和硝基甲烷在有机碱催化下进行加成反应,然后加入原甲酸三酯在路易斯酸催化下进行缩合,然后,加入吡啶环化试剂进行吡啶环化,制得2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶;
以上反应“一锅法”进行;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶经氯代,制得2-氯-5-硝基吡啶。
根据本发明的方法,各步骤中优选工艺条件及量比如下:
优选的,步骤(1)中所述2-卤代丙烯酸酯、原甲酸三酯和硝基甲烷的摩尔比为(0.75~1.5):(1.0~2.0):1。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述2-卤代丙烯酸酯为2-氯丙烯酸甲酯、2-氯丙烯酸乙酯、2-氯丙烯酸叔丁酯、2-溴丙烯酸甲酯、2-溴丙烯酸乙酯或2-溴丙烯酸叔丁酯。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述原甲酸三酯为原甲酸三甲酯或原甲酸三乙酯。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述有机碱为1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-7-十一碳烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯(DBN)之一或其组合。所述有机碱和2-卤代丙烯酸酯的质量比为1~5%。进一步优选,所述有机碱和2-卤代丙烯酸酯的质量比为2-4%。催化剂种类和用量对于提高2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的收率十分重要。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述路易斯酸为氯化锌、三氯化铁、三氯化铝、四氯化锡、氯化亚铜之一或其组合。所述路易斯酸占2-卤代丙烯酸酯质量的百分比为2~10%。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述吡啶环化试剂为氨水-铵盐混合物。所述铵盐为氯化铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵;进一步优选,所述氨、铵盐和2-卤代丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为(2.0~3.0):(0.1~1.0):1。优选使用质量分数为10~50%的氨水。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述加成反应温度为20~80℃;进一步优选,加成反应温度为40-65℃。加成反应2~8小时。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述缩合反应温度为70~120℃;进一步优选,缩合反应温度为90-100℃。反应5~12小时。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述吡啶环化反应温度为30~100℃;进一步优选,吡啶环化反应温度为50-65℃。反应2~8小时。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述氯代所用氯代试剂选自三氯氧磷、五氯化磷之一或其组合。本发明步骤(2)的底物为2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,氯代位置专一,使用三氯氧磷、五氯化磷氯代反应选择性高。所述氯代试剂用量不低于反应化学计量比,可以适当过量。当使用过量三氯氧磷作为氯代试剂时,过量的三氯氧磷可以在反应完毕减压蒸出,套用于下一批反应。五氯化磷以不超过化学计量比用量的3倍为宜。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述氯代反应温度为40~160℃;反应时间2-18h。进一步优选的,氯代反应温度60℃~140℃。
本发明的方法描述为以下合成路线4:
其中,X=Cl、Br;R=甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丁基或叔丁基。
本发明方法步骤(1)-(2)的产物后处理可按现有技术即可。
本发明提供以下后处理方法:步骤(1)吡啶环化反应结束后,冷却至20℃,过滤,滤饼用异丙醇和活性炭重结晶,得黄色针状固体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶。液相纯度99.5%以上。
本发明提供以下后处理方法:步骤(2)所述氯代反应结束后,降温至室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取2-3次,合并有机相,并依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去乙酸乙酯,得2-氯-5-硝基吡啶。
经以上后处理本发明的终产物2-氯-5-硝基吡啶为黄色针状固体,熔点:109–111℃,液相纯度99%以上。
本发明的技术特点和优益效果:
1、本发明利用“一锅法”,使硝基甲烷依次和2-卤代丙烯酸酯有机碱催化加成、原甲酸三酯路易斯酸催化缩合、吡啶环化得到2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,氯代制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶。该反应路线是利用一种安全、绿色、高原子经济性的方法制备2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,不需要进行重氮化反应和硝化反应。中间体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的2-位羟基是高选择性制备2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的保障。
2、本发明所用原料价廉易得,中间体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶氯代位置专一,氯代反应选择性好,避免了副产物的生成,使制得的目标产物收率好、纯度高,且后处理方便,废水量低。
3、本发明的方法中,通过优选特定的催化剂种类、用量和催化缩合反应温度,出人意料的提高了提高中间体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶收率。本发明人发现,催化剂的碱性不够或用量过低,会导致硝基甲烷和2-卤代丙烯酸酯反应不完全;另外,和原甲酸三酯路易斯酸催化缩合的反应温度要高于醇的沸点,使副产的醇移出体系,促进反应完全。本发明人还研究发现,步骤(2)中影响目标产物收率的主要因素是氯代试剂的用量,反应温度及时间,反应温度提高时,反应明显加快,时间缩短;但当反应温度超过140℃后,反应速度不会有明显的增加。
4、本发明的方法,步骤(1)的各反应在一锅内完成,操作简便、安全,条件温和,工艺流程短,绿色环保,成本低,有利于2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的绿色工业化生产应用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例详细说明了本发明,但本发明不仅局限于此。
实施例所用原料和试剂均为市售产品。实施例中所述“%”均为重量百分比,特别说明的除外。实施例中的收率均为摩尔收率。
实施例1:2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向接有搅拌、温度计、回流冷凝管的500毫升四口烧瓶中,30.5克(0.5摩尔)硝基甲烷,60.5克(0.5摩尔)2-氯丙烯酸甲酯,1.5克DBU,50-55℃搅拌反应5小时,然后加入110.5克(0.75摩尔)原甲酸三乙酯,8.0克氯化锌,95-100℃搅拌反应4小时,然后冷却至50℃,加入200.0克10%的氨水,50克甲醇,10.0克氯化铵,50-55℃搅拌反应6小时,冷却至20℃,过滤,滤饼用120克异丙醇,1.0克活性炭重结晶,得到61.5克黄色针状固体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,收率87.8%,液相纯度99.8%。
实施例2:2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向接有搅拌、温度计、回流冷凝管的250毫升四口烧瓶中,6.5克(0.11摩尔)硝基甲烷,13.5克(0.1摩尔)2-氯丙烯酸乙酯,0.5克DBN,60-65℃搅拌反应4小时,然后加入26.5克(0.18摩尔)原甲酸三乙酯,2.0克氯化亚铜,95-100℃搅拌反应3小时,然后冷却至50℃,加入40.0克10%的氨水,20克乙醇,3.0克氯化铵,60-65℃搅拌反应4小时,冷却至20℃,过滤,滤饼用30克异丙醇,0.5克活性炭重结晶,得到12.6克黄色针状固体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,收率89.9%,液相纯度99.7%。
实施例3:2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向接有搅拌、温度计、回流冷凝管的250毫升四口烧瓶中,6.5克(0.11摩尔)硝基甲烷,16.5克(0.1摩尔)2-溴丙烯酸甲酯,0.5克DBU,40-45℃搅拌反应6小时,然后加入15.5克(0.15摩尔)原甲酸三甲酯,2.0克四氯化锡,95-100℃搅拌反应4小时,然后冷却至50℃,加入40.0克10%的氨水,20克甲醇,3.0克氯化铵,50-55℃搅拌反应4小时,冷却至20℃,过滤,滤饼用30克异丙醇,0.5克活性炭重结晶,得到12.1克黄色针状固体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,收率86.4%,液相纯度99.6%。
实施例4:2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向接有搅拌、温度计、回流冷凝管的250毫升四口烧瓶中,6.5克(0.11摩尔)硝基甲烷,18.0克(0.1摩尔)2-溴丙烯酸乙酯,0.5克DBU,40-45℃搅拌反应6小时,然后加入30.0克(0.20摩尔)原甲酸三乙酯,2.0克氯化锌,90-95℃搅拌反应6小时,然后冷却至50℃,加入40.0克10%的氨水,20克乙醇,5.0克氯化铵,50-55℃搅拌反应4小时,冷却至20℃,过滤,滤饼用30克异丙醇,0.5克活性炭重结晶,得到12.7克黄色针状固体2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,收率90.6%,液相纯度99.9%。
实施例5:2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向装有温度计、机械搅拌、回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶中加入380克三氯氧磷,50.0克(0.36mol)2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,110.1克(0.54mol)五氯化磷,60℃搅拌反应16h,然后减压蒸馏回收多余的三氯氧磷,残渣倒入300克冰水中,充分搅拌,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,每次80克,合并有机相,并用50克饱和食盐水洗涤,然后用10克无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去乙酸乙酯得到51.0克黄色针状固体2-氯-5-硝基吡啶,收率89.5%,液相纯度99.5%。熔点:109–111℃;产物的核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):9.25(d,1H),8.47(dd,1H),7.57(d,1H);
13C NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):157.1,145.4,143.4,133.6,124.8.。
实施例6:2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备
向装有温度计、机械搅拌、回流冷凝管的500mL四口烧瓶中加入55.5克(0.36mol)三氯氧磷,50.0克(0.36mol)2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶,140℃搅拌反应2h,反应体系倒入200克冰水中,充分搅拌,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×80克),合并有机相,并依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(30克)、饱和食盐水(30克)洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去乙酸乙酯得到53.1克黄色针状固体2-氯-5-硝基吡啶,收率93.5%,液相纯度99.4%。
Claims (10)
1.一种2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,包括步骤:
(1)使2-卤代丙烯酸酯和硝基甲烷在有机碱催化下进行加成反应,然后加入原甲酸三酯在路易斯酸催化下进行缩合,然后,加入吡啶环化试剂进行吡啶环化,制得2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶;
以上反应“一锅法”进行;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的2-羟基-5-硝基吡啶经氯代,制得2-氯-5-硝基吡啶。
2.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述2-卤代丙烯酸酯、原甲酸三酯和硝基甲烷的摩尔比为(0.75~1.5):(1.0~2.0):1。
3.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述2-卤代丙烯酸酯为2-氯丙烯酸甲酯、2-氯丙烯酸乙酯、2-氯丙烯酸叔丁酯、2-溴丙烯酸甲酯、2-溴丙烯酸乙酯或2-溴丙烯酸叔丁酯;优选的,所述原甲酸三酯为原甲酸三甲酯或原甲酸三乙酯。
4.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述有机碱为1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-7-十一碳烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯(DBN)之一或其组合;优选的,所述有机碱和2-卤代丙烯酸酯的质量比为1~5%。
5.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述路易斯酸为氯化锌、三氯化铁、三氯化铝、四氯化锡、氯化亚铜之一或其组合;优选的,所述路易斯酸占2-卤代丙烯酸酯质量的百分比为2~10%。
6.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述吡啶环化试剂为氨水-铵盐混合物;优选,所述氨、铵盐和2-卤代丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为(2.0~3.0):(0.1~1.0):1。
7.如权利要求6所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铵盐为氯化铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵;所述氨水为质量分数为10~50%的氨水。
8.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述加成反应温度为20~80℃;优选,加成反应温度为40-65℃。
9.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述缩合反应温度为70~120℃;优选,缩合反应温度为90-100℃;优选的,所述吡啶环化反应温度为30~100℃;进一步优选,吡啶环化反应温度为50-65℃。
10.如权利要求1所述的2-氯-5-硝基吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述氯代所用试剂选自三氯氧磷、五氯化磷之一或其组合;优选的,所述氯代反应温度为40~160℃;进一步优选的,氯代反应温度60℃~140℃。
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4288599A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-09-08 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Process for producing pyridine derivatives having a trifluoromethyl group at β-position thereof |
| CN103435556A (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-11 | 新发药业有限公司 | 改进的维生素b1中间体2-甲基-4-氨基-5-氨基甲基嘧啶的简捷合成方法 |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4288599A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-09-08 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. | Process for producing pyridine derivatives having a trifluoromethyl group at β-position thereof |
| CN103435556A (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-11 | 新发药业有限公司 | 改进的维生素b1中间体2-甲基-4-氨基-5-氨基甲基嘧啶的简捷合成方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张欣,等: "四组分一锅法合成三苯胺-吡啶衍生物", 《河北工业科技》 * |
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Denomination of invention: A preparation method of 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine with high yield Effective date of registration: 20211130 Granted publication date: 20200428 Pledgee: Zhejiang Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Dongying Branch Pledgor: Xinfa pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980013546 |