CN109232439A - 用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的烷基嘧啶衍生物 - Google Patents
用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的烷基嘧啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109232439A CN109232439A CN201811093741.3A CN201811093741A CN109232439A CN 109232439 A CN109232439 A CN 109232439A CN 201811093741 A CN201811093741 A CN 201811093741A CN 109232439 A CN109232439 A CN 109232439A
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有化学式(I)的烷基嘧啶衍生物、用于制备它们的方法、药物组合物、以及它们在治疗病毒感染的疗法中的用途。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年8月9日,申请号为201380042284.4,发明名称为“用于治疗病毒感染和另外的疾病的烷基嘧啶衍生物”的发明专利的分案申请。
本发明涉及烷基嘧啶衍生物、用于制备它们的方法、药物组合物、以及它们在疾病的治疗和/或疗法中的用途。
本发明涉及烷基嘧啶衍生物在治疗病毒感染、免疫或炎性障碍中的用途,由此涉及toll样受体(TLR)的调节或激动。Toll样受体是主要的跨膜蛋白质,其特征在于一种细胞外富含亮氨酸的结构域以及包含一个保守区域的细胞质延伸。先天免疫系统可以经由在某些类型的免疫细胞的细胞表面上表达的这些TLR来识别病原体相关分子模式。外来病原体的识别活化了细胞因子的产生以及在吞噬细胞上的共刺激分子的上调。这导致T细胞行为的调节。
大部分哺乳动物物种具有十种与十五种之间的Toll样受体类型。已经在人类连同小鼠中鉴定了十三种TLR(简单命名为TLR1至TLR13),并且已经在其他哺乳动物物种中发现许多它们的等价型。然而,在人类中发现的某些TLR的等价型并不存在于所有哺乳动物中。例如,一种编码类似于人类中TLR10的蛋白质的基因存在于小鼠中,但是该基因显现出过去在某位点被一种反转录病毒损坏。另一方面,小鼠表达TLR11、TLR12以及TLR13,它们均不存在于人类中。其他的哺乳动物可以表达尚未在人类中发现的TLR。其他的非哺乳动物物种可以具有与哺乳动物不同的TLR,如TLR14(其在东方鲀(Takifugupufferfish)中发现)所证实的。这可以使得使用实验动物作为人类先天免疫模型的方法复杂化。
对于toll样受体的综述参见以下期刊文章。Hoffmann,J.A.(霍夫曼,J.A.)Nature(《自然》)426,33-38页,2003;Akira,S.(阿基拉,S.),Takeda,K.(竹田,K.),和Kaisho,T.(贝少,T.),Annual Rev.Immunology(《免疫学年鉴》),21,335-376页,2003;Ulevitch,R.J.(尤勒维奇,R.J.),Nature Reviews:Immunology(《自然综述:免疫学》)4,512-520页,2004。
先前已经描述了对Toll样受体显示有活性的化合物,如WO 2000006577中的杂环衍生物、WO 98/01448和WO 99/28321中的腺嘌呤衍生物、以及WO 2009/067081中的嘧啶。
在某些病毒感染的治疗中,可以给予干扰素(IFNα)定期注射,比如说丙型肝炎病毒(HCV),(Fried(弗里德)等人,Peginterferon-alfa plus ribavirin for chronichepatitis C virus infection(聚乙二醇干扰素-α联合病毒唑治疗慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染),N Engl J Med(《新英格兰医学期刊》)2002;347:975-82)。可口服的小分子IFN诱导物提供了降低的免疫原性以及给予便利性的潜在优势。因此,新颖的IFN诱导物是用于治疗病毒感染的潜在有效的新类别药物。有关具有抗病毒效果的小分子IFN诱导物的文献的一个实例,参见De Clercq,E.(德克拉克,E.);Descamps,J.(迪斯卡帕斯,J.);De Somer,P.(德索梅尔,P.)Science(《科学》)1978,200,563-565。
在某些类型的癌症的治疗中还给出了与其他药物组合的干扰素α(Eur.J.Cancer(《欧洲癌症杂志》)46,2849-57,以及Cancer Res.(《癌症研究》)1992,52,1056)。由于TLR7/8激动剂诱导显著的Th1应答的能力,它们也是感兴趣的疫苗佐剂(Hum.Vaccines(《人类疫苗》)2010,6,322-335,以及Hum.Vaccines(《人类疫苗》)2009,5,381-394)。
然而,对于新颖Toll样受体调节物存在一种强烈的需要,这些调节物与现有技术的化合物相比具有优选的选择性以及改进的安全性特性(profile)。
根据本发明,提供了一种具有化学式(I)的化合物
或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,其中
R1是氢、氟、羟基、胺、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氨基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-7环烷基、C4-7杂环、芳基、二环杂环、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺,它们各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-6烷基、二-(C1-6)烷氨基、(C1-4)烷氧基-(C1-4)烷基、C1-6烷氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺、杂环、芳基、烯基、炔基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、或腈,
R2是各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代的C1-6烷基,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、腈、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C3-6环烷基、砜、亚砜、或腈,
其条件是不包括N-(2-氨基-5-苯乙基嘧啶-4-基)-N-戊胺。
在一个第一实施例中,本发明涉及具有化学式(I)的化合物,其中R1是一个杂环并且R2是被例如一个羟基取代的C1-6烷基。
在一个第二实施例中,本发明提供具有化学式(I)的化合物,其中R1是氢并且其中R2是各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代的C1-6烷基,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、腈、羧酸、羧酸酯、羧酸酰胺、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C3-6环烷基、砜、亚砜、或腈。
具有化学式(I)的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物具有作为药物的活性,特别是作为Toll样受体(尤其是TLR7和/或TLR8)调节物的活性。
在一个另外的方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括具有化学式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物连同一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体。
此外,根据本发明的具有化学式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,或者包括所述的具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物的药物组合物可以用作药剂。
本发明的另一个方面是:具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物,或者包括所述的具有化学式(I)的化合物或其一种药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或多晶型物的所述药物组合物可以相应地用于治疗涉及TLR7和/或TLR8的调节的任何障碍。
术语“烷基”是指包含指定数目碳原子的直链或支链饱和脂肪族烃。
术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“烯基”是指由至少两个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳双键组成的如以上定义的烷基。
术语“炔基”是指由至少两个碳原子以及至少一个碳-碳三键组成的如以上定义的烷基。
术语“环烷基”是指包含指定数目碳原子的碳环。
术语“烷氧基”是指单独键合到氧的烷基(碳和氢链),例如像甲氧基基团或乙氧基基团。
术语“芳基”意指可任选地包括一个或两个选自N、O和S(特别是选自N和O)的杂原子的芳香族环结构。所述芳香族环结构可以具有5、6或7个环原子。特别地,所述芳香族环结构可以具有5或6个环原子。
术语“芳氧基”是指一种芳香族环结构。所述芳香族基团单独键合到氧上,像例如苯酚。
术语“杂芳氧基”指的是可任选地包括一个或两个选自N、O和S的杂原子的芳香族环结构。所述芳香族基团包含5至7个环原子,其中的一个单独键合到氧上,像例如羟基吡啶。
术语“二环杂环”是指一种芳香族环结构,如针对由两个稠合芳香族环构成的术语“芳基”所定义的。每个环可任选地包括选自N、O和S(特别是选自N和O)的杂原子。
术语“芳烷基”是指如针对可任选地被烷基基团取代的术语“芳基”所定义的芳香族环结构。
术语“杂芳烷基”是指如针对可任选地被烷基基团取代的术语“杂芳基”所定义的芳香族环结构。
“杂环”指的是饱和的或部分饱和的分子,并且包括但不限于四氢呋喃、二噁烷或其他环醚。包含氮的杂环包括例如氮杂环丁烷、吗啉、哌啶、哌嗪、吡咯烷、以及类似物。其他的杂环包括例如硫代吗啉、吗啉、以及环砜。
“杂芳基”基团是本质上为芳香族的杂环基团。这些是包含一个或多个选自N、O或S的杂原子的单环、二环或多环。杂芳基基团可以是例如咪唑基、异噁唑基、呋喃基、噁唑基、吡咯基、吡啶酮基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、噻吩或喹啉。
具有化学式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括其酸加成盐以及碱盐。合适的酸加成盐是由形成无毒盐的酸形成。合适的碱盐是由形成无毒盐的碱形成。
本发明的化合物还可以按非溶剂化的和溶剂化的形式存在。术语“溶剂化物”在此用以描述包括本发明的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子(例如,乙醇)的分子络合物。
术语“多晶型物”是指本发明的化合物以多于一种的形式或晶体结构存在的能力。
可以将本发明的化合物以晶态的或非晶态的产物给予。可以通过如沉淀、结晶、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥或蒸发干燥的方法获得例如呈固体塞、粉剂或膜的化合物。它们可以单独给予或与一种或多种本发明的其他化合物组合给予或与一种或多种其他药物组合给予。通常,它们将作为与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂相结合的配制品而给予。术语“赋形剂”在此用以描述除本发明的一种或多种化合物之外的任何成分。赋形剂的选择很大程度上取决于如具体给予模式、赋形剂对溶解性和稳定性的影响以及剂型的性质等因素。
可以将本发明的化合物或其任何亚组配制为用于给予目的的不同药物形式。作为适当的组合物,可以引用所有通常用于全身性给药的组合物。为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将一种有效量的特定化合物(任选地呈加成盐形式)作为活性成分与一种药学上可接受的载体组合在均匀掺合物中,该载体可以采用多种形式,取决于用于给药的所希望的制剂的形式。令人希望地,这些药物组合物处于适合于例如口服、经直肠或经皮给予的单位剂型。例如,在制备处于口服剂型的组合物中,可以采用任何通常的药物介质,例如像在口服液体制剂(如悬浮液、糖浆、酏剂、乳剂以及溶液)的情况中的水、乙二醇、油类、醇类以及类似物;或者在粉剂、丸剂、胶囊剂以及片剂的情况中的固体载体,如淀粉、糖、高岭土、稀释剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂以及类似物。由于片剂和胶囊剂易于给予,它们代表了最有利的口服单位剂型,在这种情况下明显采用固体药物载体。还包括在使用之前不久可以被转化为液体形式的固体形式制剂。在适合用于经皮给予的组合物中,该载体可任选地包括一种渗透增强剂和/或适合的润湿剂,可任选地与小比例的具有任何性质的适合的添加剂组合,这些添加剂并不在皮肤上引入显著的有害作用。所述添加剂可促进向皮肤给药和/或可有助于制备所希望的组合物。能以不同方式给予这些组合物,例如,作为透皮贴剂、作为点剂、作为软膏剂。还可以经由吸入或吹入法借助于在本域中采用的用于经由此方式给药的方法和配制品来给予本发明的化合物。因此,大体上,本发明的化合物能以溶液、悬浮液或干燥粉剂的形式而被给予至肺部。
尤其有利的是以单位剂型配制上述药物组合物,以便易于给予和使剂量均一。如在此使用的单位剂型指的是适合作为单位剂量的物理离散单位,各单位含有预定量的活性成分,该预定量的活性成分经计算与所需药物载体相结合而产生所希望的治疗效果。此类单位剂型的实例是片剂(包括刻痕或包衣的片剂)、胶囊剂、丸剂、粉末包(powder packet)、糯米纸囊剂(wafer)、栓剂、可注射溶液或悬浮液以及类似剂型,及其分离的多个。
在感染性疾病治疗领域中的普通技术人员将能够从下文所呈现的测试结果来确定有效量。大体上,应考虑到日有效量将是从0.01mg/kg至50mg/kg体重,更优选从0.1mg/kg至10mg/kg体重。可能适当的是将所要求的剂量在全天中以适当间隔给予为两个、三个、四个或更多个亚剂量。可以将所述亚剂量配制为单位剂型,例如每个单位剂型包含1mg至1000mg、并且具体是5mg至200mg的活性成分。
如本领域的普通技术人员所熟知的,给药的精确剂量和频率取决于所使用的具有化学式(I)的具体化合物、正在被治疗的具体病症、正在被治疗的病症的严重性、具体患者的年龄、体重和总体身体状况、以及个体可以服用的其他药物。此外,明显的是该有效量可以降低或增加,这取决于所治疗的受试者的反应和/或取决于对本发明的这些化合物开处方的医师的评估。因此以上所提及的有效量的范围仅仅是指导而不是旨在以任何程度限制本发明的范围或用途。
化合物的制备
根据方案1制备具有化学式(I)的化合物。
实例1的制备
方案1:
A-1的合成
将CH3PPh3Br(27.91g,78.1mmol,1.5当量)悬浮在THF(70mL)中并且在N2气氛下在-78℃搅拌。经20分钟逐滴添加正丁基锂(30mL,75mmol,1.44当量,2.5M在己烷中)并且搅拌另外的0.5小时,随后添加在THF(180mL)中作为悬浮液的2-氨基-4,6-二氯-5-甲酰嘧啶[5604-46-6](10.0g,52mmol,1.0当量)。去除冷却浴并且将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将该反应冷却至-78℃,然后缓慢添加NH4Cl(饱和水性)。去除冷却浴并且将混合物搅拌1.5小时。将有机层分离,用水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),将固体通过过滤去除,并且将滤液的溶剂在减压下去除。将粗品通过硅胶柱层析使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯的梯度进行纯化以提供一种无色油,A-1(1.2g)。
1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 5.30(br.s.,2H),5.65(d,1H),5.82(d,1H),6.58(q,1H)
B-1的制备
将A-1(1.0g,5.26mmol)、正丁胺(0.39g,5.26mmol)和Et3N(0.53g,5.26mmol,1.0当量)在乙醇(10mL)中回流12小时。将溶剂在减压下去除。将粗品通过硅胶柱层析使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯的梯度进行纯化。将最好的部分合并并且在减压下进行浓缩以给出B-1(300mg)。
LC-MS m/z=227(M+H)
1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 0.95(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.38(dq,J=14.9,7.4Hz,2H),1.55(quin,J=7.4Hz,2H),3.38(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.75(br.s.,2H),5.39(br.s.,1H),5.5(m,2H),6.55(m,1H)
实例1的制备
向B-1(200mg,0.88mmol,1.0当量)在甲醇(5mL)中的溶液里添加10%Pd/C(20mg)并且在50℃下与H2气(50Psi)混合持续17小时。将粗产物通过制备型高效液相层析(C18柱,洗脱液:CH3CN/H2O从10/90至95/5,0.05%HCl)进行纯化。将所希望的部分合并并且在减压下进行浓缩以提供1(74mg)。
LC-MS m/z=195(M+H)
1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 0.95(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.20(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.38(dq,J=14.9,7.4Hz,2H),1.62(quin,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.93(br.s.,1H),2.37(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.40-3.63(m,2H),6.18(br.s.,1H),7.24(br.s.,1H),13.43(br.s.,1H)
表1.具有化学式(I)的化合物。所有化合物根据用于制备实例1的方法来合成。
分析方法。所有化合物通过LC-MS使用以下方法进行表征:
方法1.处于正离子模式的安捷伦(Agilent)1100LC-MS配备有一个YMC-PACK ODS-AQ,50x 2.0mm,保持在50℃的5μm柱。使用以下流动相和梯度以0.8mL/min经一个10分钟的总运行时间,在220nm下监测:
方法2.处于正离子模式的安捷伦1100LC-MS配备有一个YMC-PACK ODS-AQ,50x2.0mm,保持在50℃的5μm柱。使用以下流动相和梯度以0.8mL/min经一个10分钟的总运行时间,在220nm下监测:
具有化学式(I)的化合物的生物活性
生物测定说明
TLR 7和TLR 8活性评估
在细胞报告基因测定中使用用TLR7或TLR8表达载体以及NFκB-1uc报告基因构建体瞬时转染的HEK293细胞对这些化合物活化人TLR7(hTLR7)和/或TLR8(hTLR8)的能力进行评估。在一种情况中,TLR表达构建体表达相应的野生型序列或突变型序列,该突变型序列在TLR的第二富含亮氨酸重复序列中包括一个缺失。先前已经显示出此类突变型TLR蛋白质更易受激动剂活化的影响(US 7498409)。
简而言之,使HEK293细胞生长在培养基(补充有10%FCS和2mM谷氨酰胺的DMEM)中。用于在10cm培养皿中的细胞的转染,用胰蛋白酶-EDTA将细胞分散,用CMV-TLR7或TLR8质粒(750ng)、NFκB-luc质粒(375ng)和转染试剂的混合物对细胞进行转染,并且在37℃下在湿润的5%CO2气氛下孵育过夜。然后将转染的细胞用胰蛋白酶-EDTA分散,在PBS中洗涤并且在培养基中重悬至1.67x 105个细胞/mL的密度。然后将三十微升的细胞分配至384-孔板中的每一个孔中,在孔中已经存在10μL的化合物(在4%DMSO中)。在37℃、5%CO2下孵育48小时后,通过向每个孔中添加15μl的Steady Lite Plus底物(珀金埃尔默公司(PerkinElmer))并且在ViewLux ultraHTS微孔板成像仪(珀金埃尔默公司)上进行读出来确定荧光素酶活性。从按一式四份进行的测量值生成剂量反应曲线。对每个化合物的最低有效浓度(LEC)值进行确定,该最低有效浓度值被定义为引发超出测定的标准偏差至少两倍的效应的浓度。
平行地,使用一种相似稀释系列的化合物(在4%DMSO中的10μL的化合物)和每孔30μL的用NFκB-luc报告基因构建体单独转染的细胞(1.67x 105个细胞/mL)。在37℃、5%CO2下孵育后6小时,通过向每个孔中添加15μl的Steady Lite Plus底物(珀金埃尔默公司)并且在ViewLux ultraHTS微孔板成像仪(珀金埃尔默公司)上进行读出来确定荧光素酶活性。将计数器屏数据报道为LEC。
在以上描述的HEK 293TOX测定中,所有化合物显示CC50>24μM。
Claims (5)
1.具有化学式 (I) 的化合物
(I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
R1是氢、氟、羟基、胺基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氨基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-7环烷基、C4-7杂环基、芳基、二环杂环基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、羧基、羧酸酯基、羧酸酰胺基,它们各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-6烷基、二-(C1-6)烷-氨基、(C1-4)烷氧基-(C1-4)烷基、C1-6烷氨基、C1-6烷氧基、C3-6环-烷基、羧基、羧酸酯基、羧酸酰胺基、杂环基、芳基、烯基、炔基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、或腈基,
R2是各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代的C1-6烷基,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基、羧酸酯基、羧酸酰胺基、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C3-6环烷基、砜基、亚砜基、或腈基,
其条件是不包括N-(2-氨基-5-苯乙基嘧啶-4-基)-N-戊胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1是杂环基并且R2是被羟基取代的C1-6烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R1是氢并且其中R2是各自可任选地被一个或多个取代基取代的C1-6烷基,这些取代基独立地选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基、羧酸酯基、羧酸酰胺基、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C3-6环烷基、砜基、亚砜基、或腈基。
4.药物组合物,包括根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的具有化学式 (I) 的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,连同一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂或载体。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的具有化学式 (I) 的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗其中涉及TLR7调节和/或TLR8调节的障碍的药物中的用途。
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