CN109160803A - 脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种脱硫脱硝用支撑剂,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉50~60份、γ‑Al2O3 5~10份、镁铝尖晶石5~10份、氧化钕0.5~2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯3~6份。制备时首先将γ‑Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀,制成坯体后干燥、烧结。本发明通过白刚玉、γ‑Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的合理配比,并通过预混、混合、制坯、干燥、烧结等步骤制得致密型支撑剂,其强度高,抗冲击性、耐酸性良好,使用寿命长,能够延长焦炉烟气处理过程中支撑剂的更换周期,降低运行成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工业废气处理技术,具体涉及脱硫脱硝用支撑剂,同时涉及其制备方法。
背景技术
SO2、NOx是形成酸雨的主要物质之一,造成的大气污染和酸雨问题日益严重,对人类健康和生态系统危害严重,SO2、NOx污染已经成为制约我国经济社会可持续发展的重要因素。根据环保部门检测,国内现有焦炉所排放的颗粒物、二氧化硫、苯并(a)吡、氮氧化物的浓度大多不能满足国家现行的《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》GB16172-2012。按照该标准要求2012年10月1日起新建企业和2015年1月1日起现有企业,焦炉烟囱颗粒物排放浓度30mg/Nm3、二氧化硫50mg/Nm3、氮氧化物500mg/Nm3、苯并(a)吡0.3ug/Nm3;特别限值为颗粒物排放浓度15mg/Nm3、二氧化硫30mg/Nm3、氮氧化物150mg/Nm3、苯并(a)吡0.3ug/Nm3,在此背景下,开发适合焦化行业经济、可行的脱硫脱硝工艺技术是行业发展必然趋势,符合国家环保的需求。现有的脱硫技术按工艺特点主要分为湿法烟气脱硫、干法烟气脱硫和半干法烟气脱硫;脱硝主要现在工业上广泛应用的技术为SCR(选择性催化还原法)和SNCR(选择性非催化还原法),其中SNCR脱硝需要高温区域,焦炉生产过程难以实现,同时SNCR法是在炉膛内部喷射还原剂,会对焦炉生产工艺造成影响,炼焦炉的生产工艺特点不允许在炼焦炉的内部进行喷氨脱硝,因此SNCR法不适用焦炉烟气的脱硝,因此焦炉烟气脱硝采用SCR技术。但目前的焦炉烟气脱硫脱硝在综合治理上仍然有待改进,特别是对其中吸附支撑剂抗冲击性能、抗酸腐蚀性能方面需要进一步研究。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种抗冲击性能、抗腐蚀性能良好的处理焦炉烟气的支撑剂。
本发明的技术方案是提供一种脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉50~60份、γ-Al2O3 5~10份、镁铝尖晶石5~10份、氧化钕0.5~2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯3~6份。
进一步地,上述支撑剂内部结构为蜂窝状,孔径为0.5~0.8mm,孔壁厚度为0.3~0.8mm。
进一步地,上述支撑剂表面负载有催化剂。
上述支撑剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取原料;
(2)将γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀;
(3)上述混合物成型,制成坯体,自然干燥24~36h;
(4)干燥后的坯体分为三个阶段烧结,第一阶段为600~900℃烧结,第二阶段为1000~1200℃烧结,第三阶段为1500~1600℃烧结。
上述步骤(4)中,烧结之前,干燥坯体还需要经过预热处理,温度为160~200℃,保温时间为6~12h。通过预热处理,使物料温度初步均匀,充分调动物料中的分子运动,有利于烧结温度均匀分布。
上述步骤(4)中,第一阶段达到烧结温度后保温4~6h,第二阶段达到烧结温度后保温5~8h,第三阶段达到烧结温度后保温2~4h。
上述步骤(4)的烧结过程均在氮气气氛中进行。
本发明的优点和有益效果:本发明通过白刚玉、γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的合理配比,并通过预混、混合、制坯、干燥、烧结等步骤制得致密型支撑剂,其强度高,抗冲击性、耐酸性良好,使用寿命长,能够延长焦炉烟气处理过程中支撑剂的更换周期,降低运行成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明原料配方中具有白刚玉、γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,通过第一阶段烧结,原料中的镁铝尖晶石逐步结晶化,最终形成完整均匀的晶态骨架,这一阶段温度过低,晶态骨架难以形成,温度过高,晶态骨架容易坍塌,并且此时γ--Al2O3、白刚玉温度进一步升高,分子运动十分剧烈,因此当进入第二阶段烧结时,γ--Al2O3、白刚玉的量远远大于镁铝尖晶石,γ--Al2O3、白刚玉首先吸收热能开始烧结,并且γ--Al2O3、白刚玉覆盖在镁铝尖晶石上能够保护已经形成的晶态骨架,同时γ--Al2O3、白刚玉与镁铝尖晶石接触的部分在氮气作用下能够形成镁-铝-氧-氮固溶体,提高材料微观结构的稳定性;第三阶段烧结时,上述镁-铝-氧-氮固溶体大量形成,使整个材料形成稳定的晶态骨架包覆有镁-铝-氧-氮固溶体的微观结构。而氧化镨的加入,易在镁铝尖晶石烧结过程中作为结晶核使得晶态骨架形成更加容易,所得的晶态骨架也更加稳定,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为粘结剂,在烧结过程中发生固化交联与晶态骨架、镁-铝-氧-氮固溶体相互配合,进一步强化支撑剂的微观结构体系。处理焦炉烟气时焦炉烟气本身具有含有硫化物、氮氧化物等酸性物质,并且烟气本身温度为200~400℃,该温度下支撑剂易被腐蚀,从而破坏支撑剂完整性影响处理效率和处理效果,而本发明的支撑剂经过烧结结构致密,且微观结构稳定,不易被冲击破坏、也不易被烟气中的物质腐蚀,因此能够提高支撑剂的使用寿命。
此外,制得的支撑剂由于本身强度高,因此能够在制备蜂窝孔道时将孔径、孔壁降低,从而提高孔隙率,以避免降低烟气处理效率。支撑剂表面可负载催化剂,有利于提高处理效率。
实施例1
本发明提供一种脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉50份、γ-Al2O3 10份、镁铝尖晶石5份、氧化钕2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯6份。该支撑剂内部结构为蜂窝状,每一蜂窝孔的孔径为0.5~0.8mm,孔壁厚度为0.3~0.8mm。
上述支撑剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取原料;
(2)将γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀;
(3)上述混合物成型,制成坯体,自然干燥24h;
(4)干燥后的坯体分为三个阶段烧结,且在氮气气氛中进行,第一阶段为800℃烧结,保温时间为6h,第二阶段为1200℃烧结,保温时间为8h,第三阶段为1500℃烧结,保温时间为2h。
上述步骤(4)中,烧结之前,干燥坯体还需要经过预热处理,温度为160℃,保温时间为6h。通过预热处理,使物料温度初步均匀,充分调动物料中的分子运动,有利于烧结温度均匀分布。此外,支撑剂表面负载的催化剂可以选自钛、锰、钒、钼等的氧化物,负载方式可以通过将坯体浸渍于前述氧化物的前驱体溶液中,然后再次干燥,进行烧结。
实施例2
本发明提供一种脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉60份、γ-Al2O3 5份、镁铝尖晶石10份、氧化钕1份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5份。该支撑剂内部结构为蜂窝状,每一蜂窝孔的孔径为0.5~0.8mm,孔壁厚度为0.3~0.8mm。
上述支撑剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取原料;
(2)将γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀;
(3)上述混合物成型,制成坯体,自然干燥36h;
(4)干燥后的坯体分为三个阶段烧结,且在氮气气氛中进行,第一阶段为600℃烧结,保温时间为4h,第二阶段为1000℃烧结,保温时间为5h,第三阶段为1600℃烧结,保温时间为4h。
上述步骤(4)中,烧结之前,干燥坯体还需要经过预热处理,温度为200℃,保温时间为8h。通过预热处理,使物料温度初步均匀,充分调动物料中的分子运动,有利于烧结温度均匀分布。此外,支撑剂表面负载的催化剂可以选自钛、锰、钒、钼等的氧化物,负载方式可以通过将坯体浸渍于前述氧化物的前驱体溶液中,然后再次干燥,进行烧结。
实施例3
本发明提供一种脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉55份、γ-Al2O3 8份、镁铝尖晶石7份、氧化钕2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯3份。该支撑剂内部结构为蜂窝状,每一蜂窝孔的孔径为0.5~0.8mm,孔壁厚度为0.3~0.8mm。
上述支撑剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取原料;
(2)将γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀;
(3)上述混合物成型,制成坯体,自然干燥30h;
(4)干燥后的坯体分为三个阶段烧结,且在氮气气氛中进行,第一阶段为900℃烧结,保温时间为5h,第二阶段为1100℃烧结,保温时间为6h,第三阶段为1600℃烧结,保温时间为3h。
上述步骤(4)中,烧结之前,干燥坯体还需要经过预热处理,温度为180℃,保温时间为10h。通过预热处理,使物料温度初步均匀,充分调动物料中的分子运动,有利于烧结温度均匀分布。此外,支撑剂表面负载的催化剂可以选自钛、锰、钒、钼等的氧化物,负载方式可以通过将坯体浸渍于前述氧化物的前驱体溶液中,然后再次干燥,进行烧结。
根据SY/T5108-2006对上述支撑剂进行检测,结果如下:
注:酸溶解度为在65%盐酸溶液中浸泡48h后测定
从上表结果可知,本发明的支撑剂密度高、抗压强度高,耐酸性能良好,有利于提高使用寿命,降低运行成本。
本发明的支撑剂适用于干法、半干法、湿法脱硫工艺,其中湿法脱硫工艺中支撑剂接触到的酸性物质较多,因此能够更好地体现本发明支撑剂的耐酸性能。以实施例1所得的支撑剂为例,湿法脱硫工艺中,将实施例1的支撑剂铺设于吸收塔中,从塔底通入焦炉烟气,从塔顶喷射水以吸收焦炉烟气中的含硫物质,经过吸收后的烟气再通入SCR脱硝系统脱除含氮物质。经测试脱硫效率在99%以上,脱硝效率在97%以上;并且与普通支撑剂相比,使用寿命提高了13%
本发明实施例涉及到的材料、试剂和实验设备,如无特别说明,均为符合工业废气处理领域的市售产品。
以上所述,仅为本发明的优选实施例,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的核心技术的前提下,还可以做出改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应属于本发明的专利保护范围。与本发明的权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变,都应认为是包括在权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其特征在于,其原料包括如下重量份数的组分:白刚玉50~60份、γ-Al2O3 5~10份、镁铝尖晶石5~10份、氧化钕0.5~2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯3~6份。
2.如权利要求1所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其特征在于,所述支撑剂内部结构为蜂窝状,孔径为0.5~0.8mm,孔壁厚度为0.3~0.8mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂,其特征在于,所述支撑剂表面负载有催化剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照配比称取原料;
(2)将γ-Al2O3、镁铝尖晶石、氧化钕预混均匀,再加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合均匀,最后将之与白刚玉混合均匀;
(3)上述混合物成型,制成坯体,自然干燥24~36h;
(4)干燥后的坯体分为三个阶段烧结,第一阶段为600~900℃烧结,第二阶段为1000~1200℃烧结,第三阶段为1500~1600℃烧结。
5.如权利要求4所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,烧结之前,干燥坯体还需要经过预热处理,温度为160~200℃,保温时间为6~12h。
6.如权利要求4所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中,第一阶段达到烧结温度后保温4~6h,第二阶段达到烧结温度后保温5~8h,第三阶段达到烧结温度后保温2~4h。
7.如权利要求4所述的脱硫脱硝工艺用支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)的烧结过程均在氮气气氛中进行。
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