CN1090375C - 独石陶瓷电容器及其制造方法 - Google Patents
独石陶瓷电容器及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/08—Inorganic dielectrics
- H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/08—Inorganic dielectrics
- H01G4/12—Ceramic dielectrics
- H01G4/1209—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material
- H01G4/1218—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates
- H01G4/1227—Ceramic dielectrics characterised by the ceramic dielectric material based on titanium oxides or titanates based on alkaline earth titanates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/16—Capacitors
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
- H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
- H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
- H01H13/703—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by spacers between contact carrying layers
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Abstract
公开了一种独石陶瓷电容器,它由多层包含钛酸锶和氧化铋等的陶瓷材料制成的介质陶瓷层和多个包含镍或镍合金的廉价金属材料制成的内电极构成。使多层介质陶瓷层迭放,内外电极电连接制成电容器。电容器中的每层介质陶瓷层包含还原抑制剂,例如aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2。式中M是选自Mg,Sr,Ca和Ba中的至少一种;a,b,c用mol%表示的量值范围是10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20,20≤c≤35。电容器制造中,介质陶瓷层的迭层结构在中性气氛或还原气氛中烧结而不会被还原。
Description
本发明涉及独石陶瓷电容器及其制造方法。特别涉及用包含钛酸锶为主要成分、氧化铋或铋化合物的氧化物为添加剂、并包含还原抑制剂的陶瓷材料制成每个介质陶瓷层的独石陶瓷电容器及其制造方法。
独石陶瓷电容器通常用多个陶瓷层、夹在相邻陶瓷层之间的内电极、和位于迭层结构的外表面上并与每个内电极连接的外电极构成。
可按下述方法制成这种独石陶瓷电容器。介质粉与有机粘接剂混合;获得的混合物制成瓷浆;用刮浆刀法将瓷浆构形成生片;用丝网印刷法在每张生片上印刷含金属粉末的浆料;将多张印有导电浆料图形的生片迭置;给制成的迭层结构加压,使生片之间牢固连接;然后,迭层结构在约1300℃到1400℃在空气中烧结;给有内电极露出的烧结体上加外电极材料。并焙烧材料。
主要成分为钛酸锶并含铋化合物的介质陶瓷层,使独石陶瓷电容器有受电压影响小的较大的介电常数,介质损耗小和高耐压特性。
包含例如铂、金、钯或其合金的贵金属的内电极材料的优点是(1)在烧结中内电极材料不与介质陶瓷反应,因为,贵金属的熔点高于介质陶瓷的烧结温度,(2)内电极材料即使在空气中烧结也不会氧化。但是含这些贵金属的电极材料价格昂贵。例如,电极材料的费用往往占陶瓷电容器的总材料费30%至70%。
而且,包含银钯合金的内电极材料常会损坏电容器的性能。例如,由于银离子迁移,常使电容器的介电常数降低,而且使介电常数变得不稳。
为了解决这些问题,可用镍、铜、铁、钴、钨、钼等廉价金属作内电极材料。但是,为了防止在焙烧中材料氧化,必须使含廉价金属的材料在中性或还原气氛中焙烧。若在这种条件下焙烧,介质陶瓷层中的铋化合物被还原,结果,介质陶瓷变成了半导体。因此,不能制成陶瓷电容器。
铜可在氧分压为10-7MPa的中性气氛中在1000℃焙烧,但在较低温度易于氧化。含铜的内电极材料在氧分压高于Cu/CuO的平衡氧分压的烧结气氛中焙烧时铜还会扩散进介质陶瓷层中。并常常使制成的电容器的特性降低。因而,含铜的内电极材料需要严格控制焙烧气氛中的氧分压。因而增大了生产成本。
本发明的目的是提供一种解决上述问题的独石陶瓷电容器和一种制造该独石陶瓷电容器的方法。
本发明提供一种独石陶瓷电容器,它包括由钛酸锶为主要成分,并含添加剂氧化铋或铋化合物的氧化物的介质陶瓷材料,和廉价金属内电极材料。因而,它有与电压依赖性小的大介质常数,小的介质损耗的高耐压特性。
具体地说,按本发明的第1方案,提供一种独石陶瓷电容器,它由以钛酸锶为主要成分并含氧化铋或铋化合物的氧化物为添加剂的和含还原抑制剂的陶瓷材料制成的介质陶瓷层,和含镍或镍合金的廉价金属材料制成的内电极制成。
本发明第1方案的优选实施例,陶瓷材料中的还原抑制剂用以下通式表示:
aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2
式中M是Mg、Sr、Ca和Ba中的至少一种;a、b、c的数量按mol%表示成10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20,20≤c≤35。
另一优选实施例中,陶瓷材料中含的还原抑制剂的量是陶瓷材料的4至25wt%。
本发明的第2方案是制造第1方案所述的独石陶瓷电容器的方法,它包括以下工艺步骤;制备介质陶瓷生片,每张生片上迭放电极材料,构成每张陶瓷生片上有电极材料的多层陶瓷生片的迭层结构,随后加热制成的迭层结构,温度升高速度是10℃/分钟至17℃/分钟,在预定温度焙烧迭层结构,然后按10℃/分钟以上的冷却速度冷却烧结过的迭层结构。
另一优选实施例,制成的陶瓷生片包括主要成分钛酸锶,次要成分氧化铋或铋化合物的氧化物,和含还原抑制剂的添加剂。
又一优选实施例,每一陶瓷生片上迭放的电极材料包括含镍或镍合金的廉价金属材料。
又一优选实施例,每张陶瓷生片中的还原抑制剂用以下通式表示:
aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2。
式中M是Mg、Sr、Ca和Ba中的至少一种;a、b、c的数量以mol%表示为:10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20,和20≤c≤35。
优选还原抑制剂的通式是:
aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2
式中M是Mg、Sr、Ca和Ba中的至少一种;a、b、c的数量以Mol%表示。它含还原抑制剂MO。若还原抑制剂MO低于约10mol%,则陶瓷电容器的绝缘电阻下降。而且其介质损耗增大。若MO大于约60mol%,陶瓷电容器的绝缘电阻也降低。因而还原抑制剂的MO的mol%(a)应满足10≤a≤60,最好是35≤a≤55。
而且,还原抑制剂中的MnO2起受主体作用也有还原抑制剂作用。若b小于约5mol%介质陶瓷变成半导体。若b大于约20mol%,则陶瓷电容器的绝缘电阻下降。因而要求5≤b≤20,最好是10≤b≤15。
B2O3起玻璃生成材料的作用。若C小于约20mol%,生片不能充分烧结。因而,陶瓷电容器的介质损耗增大,绝缘电阻下降。若c大于约35mol%,陶瓷电容器的介电常数下降。因而要求20≤c≤35,最好是25≤c≤30。
SiO2也起生成玻璃材料的作用。若a、b、c偏离10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20和20≤c≤35的范围,陶瓷电容器的绝缘电阻下降,其介质损耗增大,其介电常数下降。
若添加到介质陶瓷材料中的还原抑制剂的量小于约4wt%,就很难防止介质材料还原。若大于约25wt%,陶瓷电容器的介电常数明显下降。 因此按本发明的独石陶瓷电容器中还原抑制剂的含量是介质陶瓷材料重量的约4至25%,更好是约8%至20%。
陶瓷烧结温度是常规烧结温度。然而,按本发明的介质陶瓷的制造方法中,当加热到烧结温度的升温速度小于约10℃/分钟时,介质陶瓷变成半导体。然而,若升温速度高于约17℃/分钟。生片不能充分烧结。若升温速度小于约10℃/分钟,并且烧结体的冷却速度低于约10℃/分钟,介质陶瓷也会变成半导体。因此,本发明的介质陶瓷制造方法中。应使加热迭层结构的升温速度在约10℃/分钟至17℃/分钟,最好在约15至17℃/分钟,烧结体的冷却速度是约10℃/分钟以上,最好是约15至17℃/分钟。
由于用含还原抑制剂的介质陶瓷材料制造本发明的独石陶瓷电容器,即使在中性或还原气氛中焙烧,介质陶瓷材料中的铋化合物也不会被还原。因此,按本发明,能获得具有电压依赖小的高介电常数和小的介质损耗的独石陶瓷电容器。
此外,由于可在中性或还原气氛中焙烧制成本发明的独石陶瓷电容器。因此,可用含镍或镍合金的内电极材料,而且内电极材料不会氧化。当用镍作内电极时不会出现像银那样的迁移。
因此,本发明能提供性能优异而价格低廉的独石陶瓷电容器。
本发明的独石陶瓷电容器的制造方法中,加热陶瓷迭层体的升温速度是约10至17℃/分钟,烧结体的冷却速度是约10℃/分钟或以上。因而,本发明方法能制成有优异性能。并能防止内电极氧化,防止介质陶瓷层变成半导体的独石陶瓷电容器。
此外,在本发明方法中,即使用镍或镍合金作内电极材料,在氧分压高于Ni/Nio的平衡氧分压下烧结,镍也不氧化。
下面说明本发明实施例,但这些实施例并不是用来限制本发明的范围。
例1
制备介质原料SrCO3,Pb3O4,CaCO3,Bi2O3,SnO2,和TiO2,并称重,获得介质物质:36.9SrTiO3+26.4PbTiO3+19.5CaTiO3+4.3Bi2O3+1.8SnO2+11.1TiO2,并在球磨机内湿磨16小时。制成的混合物通过蒸发干燥成粉,制成的粉在氧化铝盒内在900℃至950℃煅烧2小时,煅烧后的块粉碎成平均颗粒尺寸为1μm的粉。因此获得经煅烧的粉。
之后,制备还原抑制剂的原料、MgO、BaO、SrO、CaO、MnO2、B2O3和SiO2,并称重量,获得混合物,混合物的通式是aMO+bMnO2+cB2O2+(100-a-b-c)SiO2,式中M是选自Mg、Sr、Ca和Ba的至少一种;a、b、c的数量范围用mol%表示为10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20和20≤c≤35,示于表1中。生成的混合物在球磨机中湿磨,然后蒸发干燥。然后,在氧化铝坩锅中在1300℃加热并熔化。生成的熔融体迅速冷却,使熔融体变成陶化体,然后粉碎成平均颗粒尺寸为1um的粉。
煅烧后的介质粉与前面获得的还原抑制剂混合,其混合比列于表1中。并加入聚乙烯醇缩丁醛粘接剂、乙醇和甲苯。生成的混合物在球磨机中湿磨16小时,构成瓷浆。用刮刀法将生成的瓷浆构形成片,经干燥,然后按规定尺寸切割。因此获得陶瓷生片,用丝网印刷法给这些获得的陶瓷生片的一个主表面加镍浆料。多层这样印刷有镍浆料的陶瓷生片迭放,经加压获得迭层结构。
制成的迭层结构在空气中在300℃加热,除去其中的粘接剂。然后在含N2、H2和H2O并且氧分压为106至1010MPa的混合气氛中,在850℃至1050℃烧结2小时,获得烧结体。烧结中,迭层结构加热到最高温度的升温速度是10至17℃/分钟。烧结后,烧结体按10℃/分钟以上的速度冷却。
烧结体的两端加镍浆并焙烧,形成与内电极电连接的外电极。因此,获得独石陶瓷电容器。其厚度是30μm。
测试这些获得的独石陶瓷电容器的室温下的介电常数ε和介质损耗tanδ,容量温度系数TCC,和直流偏置特性,获得的数据列于表1中,其中标有k的样品是超出本发明范围的样品,其余样品是本发明范围内的样品。
介电常数ε和介质损耗tan δ是在25℃的温度频率为1kHz,电压是交流1伏的条件下测试的。按JIS标准规定,容量温度系数TCC是表示电容器的温度依赖特性。直流偏置特性是指独石陶瓷电容器的静电容量随所加直流电压2kv/mm的变化。
***表1***
| 样品号 | 钛酸盐加BiW% | 还原抑制剂W% | 还原抑制剂组分mol% | 焙烧温度℃ | 电特性 | ||||||||||
| a | b | c | 100-1-b-c | 介电常数ε | 介电损tanδ | 绝缘电阻Ω.cm | DC% | TCCJIS | |||||||
| MgO | BaO | SrO | CaO | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 96 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 25 | 20 | 1000 | 2000 | 0.4 | ≥1010 | +4 | C |
| 2 | 96 | 4 | 5 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 25 | 20 | 1050 | 2100 | 0.5 | ≥1010 | +3 | C |
| 3 | 96 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 25 | 20 | 1000 | 1950 | 0.3 | ≥1010 | +5 | C |
| 4 | 96 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 1050 | 2150 | 0.5 | ≥1010 | +2 | C |
| 5 | 96 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 30 | 0 | 950 | 1900 | 0.3 | ≥1010 | +2 | B |
| 6 | 92 | 8 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 950 | 1750 | 0.2 | ≥1010 | +1 | B |
| 7 | 88 | 12 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 950 | 1400 | 0.1 | ≥1010 | +1 | B |
| 8 | 84 | 16 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 920 | 1150 | 0.1 | ≥1010 | 0 | B |
| 9 | 80 | 20 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 880 | 950 | 0.08 | ≥1010 | -1 | B |
| 10 | 75 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 850 | 750 | 0.06 | ≥1010 | -1 | B |
| 11* | 70 | 30 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 850 | 630 | 0.09 | ≥1010 | 0 | B |
| 12* | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1080 | 不可能测试 | ||||
| 13* | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 35 | 40 | 1000 | 1900 | 1.4 | 109 | +3 | C |
| 14* | 96 | 4 | 5 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 0 | 35 | 5 | 1000 | 不可能测试 | ||||
| 15* | 96 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 950 | 2050 | 0.9 | 109 | +2 | C |
| 16* | 96 | 4 | 5 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 5 | 1080 | 830 | 1.2 | 109 | 0 | B |
| 17* | 96 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 5 | 40 | 5 | 950 | 510 | 0.9 | 1010 | +1 | B |
| 18* | 96 | 4 | 5 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 1000 | 940 | 0.8 | 109 | -2 | C |
从表1中看出,不含还原抑制剂的样品有大的介质损耗,低绝缘电阻和介电常数的电压依赖性大。因此,这些样品对独石陶瓷电容器不适用。
例2
按例1同样的方法,制备原料,并称重,制成混合物。其通式是uSrTiO3+vPbTiO3+wCaTiO3+xBi2O3+ySnO2+zTiO2,式中u,v,w,x,y和z的数值列于表2中,制成的混合物在球磨机内湿磨粉碎,经蒸发干燥,然后煅烧。煅烧体经于粉碎并过筛,获得煅烧过的粉。
之后,也按例1中相同的方法,制备还原抑制剂的原料,称重,获得混合物,混合物的化学式是10MgO+15SrO+10CaO+15BaO+10MnO2+25B2O3+15SiO2(mol%)。制成的混合物在球磨机内湿磨粉碎,然后,在1300℃在氧化铝坩锅中完全熔化。制成的熔融体迅速冷却成陶化体。然后粉碎成平均颗粒大小为1μm的粉。
煅烧过的介质粉与这样制成的还原抑制剂按表2所示比例混合。用这样制成的混合物按例1的同样方法制成独石陶瓷电容器。也按例1的方法测试其电特性。所获得的数据列于表2中,其中带(*)的样品是本发明范围之外的样品,其余样品在本发明范围内。
***表2***
| 样品号 | 电介质组分 | 钛酸盐加Biwt% | 还原抑制剂wt% | 焙烧温度℃ | |||||||
| uSrTiO3+vPbTiO3+wCaTiO3+XBi2O3+ySnO2+zTiO2mol% | 介电常数ε | 介质损耗tgδ | |||||||||
| u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||
| 20 | 42.2 | 28.1 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 96.0 | 4.0 | 1050 | 5200 | 0.1 |
| 21 | 48.8 | 21.5 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 96.0 | 4.0 | 1020 | 2050 | 0.9 |
| 22 | 43.4 | 28.6 | 15.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 96.0 | 4.0 | 1020 | 1700 | 0.5 |
| 23 | 38.9 | 25.9 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 3.8 | 96.0 | 4.0 | 1000 | 1800 | 0.4 |
| 24 | 42.2 | 28.1 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 1000 | 4200 | 0.6 |
| 25 | 48.8 | 21.5 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 950 | 1450 | 0.05 |
| 26 | 43.4 | 28.6 | 15.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 950 | 1100 | 0.2 |
| 27 | 38.9 | 25.9 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 3.8 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 950 | 1150 | 0.2 |
| 28 | 42.2 | 28.1 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 920 | 2850 | 0.4 |
| 29 | 48.8 | 21.5 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 900 | 1000 | 0.9 |
| 30 | 43.4 | 28.6 | 15.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 900 | 850 | 0.2 |
| 31 | 38.9 | 25.9 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 3.8 | 88.0 | 12.0 | 900 | 900 | 0.9 |
如表1和表2所示,本发明的独石陶瓷电容器样品的绝缘电阻在1010Ω以上。而且有与电压依赖小的相当高的介电常数。同时有小的介质损耗。
给颗粒大小为0.5至5μm镍粉或银粉加入乙基纤维素清漆,随后使制成的粉分散在α-松油醇之类的溶剂中。制成例1和例2的内电极和外电极用的镍或银浆。内电极厚度最好是0.5至5μm。外电极厚度最好10至80um。
例3
例1中的1号样品的迭层结构按表3所示的各种升温速度烧结和冷却速度冷却。测试获得的独石陶瓷电容器的样品的电性能并列于表3中。其中带"*"的样品是本发明范围以外的样品。其余样品是本明范围内的样品。
***表3***
| 样品号 | 加热速度℃/min | 冷却速度℃/min | 焙烧速度℃ | 电特性 | ||||
| 介电常数 | 介电损耗 | 绝缘电阻 | DC% | TCCIIS | ||||
| 34* | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1000 | 1200 | 3.9 | 108 | +2 | C |
| 35* | 10 | 3.3 | 1000 | 1550 | 3.2 | 108 | +1 | C |
| 36* | 15 | 3.3 | 1000 | 1600 | 2.9 | 108 | +3 | C. |
| 37* | 17 | 3.3 | 1000 | 2350 | 2.8 | 108 | +2 | C |
| 38* | 18 | 3.3 | 1050 | 2500 | 3.4 | 108 | +3 | C |
| 39* | 8 | 10 | 1000 | 2300 | 2.9 | 108 | +2 | C |
| 41 | 10 | 10 | 1000 | 2000 | 0.3 | ≥1010 | +3 | C |
| 42 | 15 | 10 | 980 | 1900 | 0.2 | ≥1010 | +2 | C |
| 43 | 17 | 10 | 1050 | 1950 | 0.3 | ≥1010 | +3 | C |
| 44* | 18 | 10 | 1000 | 2400 | 3.6 | 108 | +1 | C |
| 45 | 10 | 15 | 1000 | 1870 | 0.2 | ≥1010 | +1 | C |
| 46 | 10 | 17 | 980 | 1900 | 0.3 | ≥1010 | 0 | C |
内电极制备中,若升温和冷却速度太低。制成的内电极会氧化,结果,电容器的绝缘电阻下降,介质损耗增大。
例4
按例1相同的方法制造独石陶瓷电容器。只是用含10Cr-90Ni(原子%)的镍合金浆料作内电极金属浆料来代替例1中用的镍浆料。按例1相同的方法测试获得的样品的电特性。
结果,证明制成的镍合金浆料与制成的镍浆料性能相同。
除介质粉是上述所述的外,还可用JP-B-59-8923所述的SrTiO3+MgTiO3+Bi2O3+TiO2+Pb3O4,日本特许公开昭59-20908所述的SrTiO3+CaTiO3+Bi2O3.nTiO3,和日本特许公开昭-60-145951(A)所述的SrTiO3+Bi2O3+TiO2+NiO。
用上述的氧化物MgO、BaO、SrO、CaO、MnO2、B2O3和SiO2作还原抑制剂的原料。除此之外,相应的碳酸盐和氢氧化物也能用。
用镍或镍合金作内电极的原料。除此之外,可用加有介质粉原材料和内电极原材料中至少一种的镍或镍合金。
本发明的独石陶瓷电容器用的材料中可加入各种添加剂,如氧化锰,氧化铁,氧化硅,玻璃等,它们不会损坏制成的电容器的特性。
使用镍合金浆料时,要求浆料中选用不是镍的其它金属时,应不会明显地损坏要制造的电容器的特性。与用纯镍的电容器的特性相比,由于电导率和镍合金的熔点与添加金属的种类和添加量极其相关。而且,要用的镍合金浆料的组分可根据要制成的独石陶瓷电容器的预计的用途和介质粉的组分和要用的还原抑制剂而变化。
外电极材料可与内电极材料相同。也可用银、钯、银钯合金。任何情况下,应选择适用于本发明的迭层陶瓷电容器的材料。
已结合特例详细说明了本发明,本行业的普通技术人员应明白,还会做出各种各种改变和改进,但这些均不脱离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种独石陶瓷电容器,包括
多层陶瓷材料制成的介质陶瓷层,该陶瓷材料包含主要成分钛酸锶,次要成分氧化铋或铋化合物的氧化物,和还原抑制剂;
多个包含镍或镍合金的廉价金属内电极,
其中还原抑制剂的表示通式是
aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2,
式中M是选自Mg,Sr,Ca和Ba的至少一种;a,b和c的数值用mol%表示成10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20,20≤c≤35,以及
所述还原抑制剂的量是陶瓷材料重量的4至25wt%。
2.按权利要求1的独石陶瓷电容器,其特征是,用mol%表示成35≤a≤55,10≤b≤15,25≤c≤30。
3.按权利要求2的独石陶瓷电容器,其特征是,还原抑制剂的量是陶瓷材料重量的8至20wt%。
4.一种制造权利要求1所述的独石陶瓷电容器的方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
制备介质陶瓷生片:
所述生片上迭放电极材料;
构成带电极材料的陶瓷生片的迭层结构,使相邻的生片不相接,
按10至17℃/分钟的升温速度加热制成的迭层结构,和
在预定温度烧结所述迭层结构;
按10℃/分钟以上的冷却速度冷却烧结过的迭层结构,
其中陶瓷生片包括主要成分钛酸锶,次要成分氧化铋或铋化合物氧化物和添加剂还原抑制剂。
5.按权利要求4的方法,其特征是还原抑制剂的表示通式是:
aMO+bMnO2+cB2O3+(100-a-b-c)SiO2。
式中M是选自Mg,Sr,Ca和Ba的至少一种;a,b和c用mol%表示为10≤a≤60,5≤b≤20,20≤c≤35。
6.按权利要求5的方法,其特征是,电极材料包含镍或镍合金的廉价金属材料。
7.按权利要求6的方法,其特征是,还原抑制剂的量是陶瓷材料重量的4至25wt%,其中
用mol%表示,35≤a≤55,10≤b≤15,25≤c≤30。
8.按权利要求7的方法,其特征是,还原抑制剂的量是陶瓷材料重量的8至20wt%。
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| JP139555/95 | 1995-06-06 | ||
| JP13955595 | 1995-06-06 |
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| CN1090375C true CN1090375C (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
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| US (2) | US5879812A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100203928B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1090375C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE19622690B4 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2303488B (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG65607A1 (zh) |
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| US5600533A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1997-02-04 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Multilayer ceramic capacitor having an anti-reducing agent |
| JP3275818B2 (ja) | 1998-02-12 | 2002-04-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層コンデンサ |
| JP3644235B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-03 | 2005-04-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層セラミック電子部品 |
| JP3596743B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-19 | 2004-12-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層セラミック電子部品の製造方法及び積層セラミック電子部品 |
| KR100355615B1 (ko) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-10-12 | 안달 | 유전체 세라믹 조성물 |
| US6517745B2 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2003-02-11 | Mitsui Mining And Smelting Co., Ltd. | Nickel powder and conductive paste |
| DE10018377C1 (de) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-12-06 | Epcos Ag | Keramisches Vielschichtbauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| US20020132875A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-09-19 | Dental Technologies, Inc. | Solid nanocomposites and their use in dental applications |
| WO2002091408A1 (de) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-11-14 | Epcos Ag | Keramisches vielschichtbauelement und verfahren zur herstellung |
| DE10218154A1 (de) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-13 | Epcos Ag | PTC-Bauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US6828266B1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-07 | Ferro Corporation | X7R dielectric composition |
| WO2009082631A1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-02 | Composite Materials Technology, Inc. | Methods for fabrication of improved electrolytic capacitor anode |
| US8673025B1 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2014-03-18 | Composite Materials Technology, Inc. | Wet electrolytic capacitor and method for fabricating of improved electrolytic capacitor cathode |
| US9179531B2 (en) | 2010-05-02 | 2015-11-03 | Melito Inc | Super conducting super capacitor |
| DE102011113496A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Epcos Ag | Vielschichtbauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| KR102163417B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-10-08 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 적층 세라믹 커패시터 |
| DE102019111989B3 (de) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-09-24 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Keramisches Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung des keramischen Bauelements |
| CN112408975B (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-11-04 | 兴勤电子工业股份有限公司 | 陶瓷组成物、陶瓷烧结体、叠层型陶瓷电子元件及其制法 |
| CN111499374B (zh) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-08-19 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种电容器用陶瓷介电材料及其制备方法 |
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- 1996-06-05 SG SG1996009962A patent/SG65607A1/en unknown
- 1996-06-05 DE DE19622690A patent/DE19622690B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-05 GB GB9611674A patent/GB2303488B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-05 KR KR1019960020013A patent/KR100203928B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-06 CN CN96110411A patent/CN1090375C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US5036425A (en) * | 1989-02-22 | 1991-07-30 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Monolithic ceramic capacitor |
| US5268342A (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-12-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Nonreducing dielectric ceramic composition |
| US5403797A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-04-04 | Tdk Corporation | Non-reducing dielectric ceramic composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9611674D0 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| GB2303488A (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| US6416603B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
| KR100203928B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
| DE19622690B4 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
| DE19622690A1 (de) | 1996-12-12 |
| GB2303488B (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| US5879812A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
| CN1148724A (zh) | 1997-04-30 |
| SG65607A1 (en) | 1999-06-22 |
| KR970004010A (ko) | 1997-01-29 |
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