CN108154959A - 一种新型高压输电电力电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于高压输电技术领域，公开了一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其由内而外包括导体、绝缘层以及护套管，所述护套管为三层结构，分别为隔热层、屏蔽层以及防护层；所述隔热层外挤包屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层外挤包防护层；所述隔热层厚度为0.2‑0.3mm、屏蔽层的厚度为0.01‑0.2mm，防护层厚度为2‑3mm。本发明电力电缆耐热耐高温，机械性能和阻燃绝缘性能好，并且耐酸碱盐腐蚀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型高压输电电力电缆，属于高压输电技术领域。
背景技术
电力电缆是用于传输和分配电能的电缆。常用于城市地下电网、发电站的引出线路、工矿企业的内部供电及过江、过海的水下输电线。在电力线路中，电力电缆所占的比重正逐渐增加。电力电缆是在电力系统的主干线路中用以传输和分配大功率电能的电缆产品，其中包括1-500KV以及以上各种电压等级，各种绝缘的电力电缆。
电力电缆的基本结构由导体、绝缘层和护套层四部分组成。线芯是电力电缆的导电部分，用来输送电能，是电力电缆的主要部分。绝缘层是将线芯与大地以及不同相的线芯间在电气上彼此隔离，保证电能输送，是电力电缆结构中不可缺少的组成部分。护套层作为电缆的外部保护层，最容易受到外力的挤压和撞击，如果电缆护套强度和韧性不够，往往会造成电缆的损伤，造成安全隐患。
发明内容
为克服上述不足，本发明目的是提供一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其耐热耐高温，机械性能和阻燃绝缘性能好，耐酸碱盐腐蚀。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其由内而外包括导体、绝缘层以及护套管，所述护套管为三层结构，分别为隔热层、屏蔽层以及防护层；所述隔热层外挤包屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层外挤包防护层；所述隔热层厚度为0.2-0.3mm、屏蔽层的厚度为0.01-0.2mm，防护层厚度为2-3mm；
所述隔热层为双层合成云母带；所述屏蔽层是铜带屏蔽层；所述防护层按照如下工艺制备而得：
按照重量份取各原料备用，其中，高密度聚乙烯100-150份、低密度聚乙烯50-70份、聚碳酸酯20-30份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物12-18份、聚乙烯蜡8-12份、癸二酸二辛酯8-12份、氮化硼5-7份，碳化硅3-5份、钛酸酯交联剂3-5份、氢氧化镁3-5份、氢氧化铝2-3份、炭黑2-3份、二硫化钼1-2份、四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆1-2份，玻璃纤维1-2份，滑石粉1-2份；
将癸二酸二辛酯、氮化硼、碳化硅、钛酸酯交联剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、炭黑、二硫化钼、玻璃纤维以及滑石粉，依次添加到高速混合机中2000rpm混合搅拌5min，然后升温至90℃，保温3min，再加入聚碳酸酯和四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆，1000rpm搅拌3min，出料，然后与高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯蜡混匀，投入到双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出造粒，得母料；将母料投到成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，即得。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括以下几个方面：
本发明新型高压输电电力电缆外包有护套管，耐热耐高温，机械性能和阻燃绝缘性能好，耐酸碱盐腐蚀和屏蔽性能好；屏蔽层为铜带屏蔽层结构，能够有效地防止外来电磁干扰，屏蔽层，因为电力线缆通过的电流比较大，电流周围会产生磁场，为了不影响别的元件，所以加屏蔽层可以把这种电磁场屏蔽在电缆内；隔热层由合成云母带加工而成，合成云母带除具有膨胀系数小、介电强度大、电阻率高和介电常数均匀的特性，还具有特耐热等级高的特性，可达到950～1000℃的A级耐火水平；聚乙烯具有高的拉伸强度、极好的柔韧性、抗化学性及耐辐射性；乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯化学性能稳定，耐辐射，抗老化性能优秀的特点，其和无机物相容性好，共混所得材料性能稳定；聚碳酸酯无色透明，耐热，抗冲击，阻燃BI级，在普通使用温度内都有良好的机械性能；四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆作为促进剂，配合过氧化物硫化体系使得电缆料的拉伸强度高，压缩永久变形小，综合性能良好，且硫化时间短且充分，使得护套具有良好的耐磨、耐溶剂及耐腐蚀性能。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请具体实施例，对本发明进行更加清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其由内而外包括导体、绝缘层以及护套管，所述护套管为三层结构，分别为隔热层、屏蔽层以及防护层；所述隔热层外挤包屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层外挤包防护层；所述隔热层厚度为0.2-0.3mm、屏蔽层的厚度为0.01-0.2mm，防护层厚度为2mm；
所述隔热层为双层合成云母带；所述屏蔽层是铜带屏蔽层；所述防护层按照如下工艺制备而得：
按照重量份取各原料备用，其中，高密度聚乙烯100份、低密度聚乙烯50份、聚碳酸酯20份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物12份、聚乙烯蜡8份、癸二酸二辛酯8份、氮化硼5份，碳化硅3份、钛酸酯交联剂3份、氢氧化镁3份、氢氧化铝2份、炭黑2份、二硫化钼1份、四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆1份，玻璃纤维1份，滑石粉1份；
将癸二酸二辛酯、氮化硼、碳化硅、钛酸酯交联剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、炭黑、二硫化钼、玻璃纤维以及滑石粉，依次添加到高速混合机中2000rpm混合搅拌5min，然后升温至90℃，保温3min，再加入聚碳酸酯和四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆，1000rpm搅拌3min，出料，然后与高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯蜡混匀，投入到双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出造粒，得母料；将母料投到成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，即得。
实施例2
一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其由内而外包括导体、绝缘层以及护套管，所述护套管为三层结构，分别为隔热层、屏蔽层以及防护层；所述隔热层外挤包屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层外挤包防护层；所述隔热层厚度为0.2-0.3mm、屏蔽层的厚度为0.01-0.2mm，防护层厚度为2mm；
所述隔热层为双层合成云母带；所述屏蔽层是铜带屏蔽层；所述防护层按照如下工艺制备而得：
按照重量份取各原料备用，其中，高密度聚乙烯150份、低密度聚乙烯70份、聚碳酸酯30份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物18份、聚乙烯蜡12份、癸二酸二辛酯12份、氮化硼7份，碳化硅5份、钛酸酯交联剂5份、氢氧化镁5份、氢氧化铝3份、炭黑3份、二硫化钼2份、四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆2份，玻璃纤维2份，滑石粉2份；
将癸二酸二辛酯、氮化硼、碳化硅、钛酸酯交联剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、炭黑、二硫化钼、玻璃纤维以及滑石粉，依次添加到高速混合机中2000rpm混合搅拌5min，然后升温至90℃，保温3min，再加入聚碳酸酯和四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆，1000rpm搅拌3min，出料，然后与高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯蜡混匀，投入到双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出造粒，得母料；将母料投到成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，即得。
实施例3
对实施例1-2中的护套管防护层进行性能检测试验，各性能数值如表1：
表1
耐盐试验：将实施例1的防护层材料浸泡于10%的氯化钠溶液中30天，拉伸强度下降了0.5%，断裂伸长率下降0.4%，其他性能和表征均无明显变化。
耐碱试验：将实施例1的防护层材料浸泡于10%的氢氧化钠溶液中30天，拉伸强度下降了0.9%，断裂伸长率下降0.3%，其他性能和表征均无明显变化。
耐热性能：将实施例1的防护层材料置于160℃蒸汽48小时，拉伸强度下降2.1%，断裂伸长率下降1.5%，电阻率下降3.1%，其他性能和表征均无明显变化。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其由内而外包括导体、绝缘层以及护套管，所述护套管为三层结构，分别为隔热层、屏蔽层以及防护层；所述隔热层外挤包屏蔽层，所述屏蔽层外挤包防护层；所述隔热层厚度为0.2-0.3mm、屏蔽层的厚度为0.01-0.2mm，防护层厚度为2-3mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其特征在于，所述隔热层为双层合成云母带；所述屏蔽层是铜带屏蔽层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种新型高压输电电力电缆，其特征在于，所述防护层按照如下工艺制备而得：
1）按照重量份取各原料备用：高密度聚乙烯100-150份、低密度聚乙烯50-70份、聚碳酸酯20-30份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物12-18份、聚乙烯蜡8-12份、癸二酸二辛酯8-12份、氮化硼5-7份，碳化硅3-5份、钛酸酯交联剂3-5份、氢氧化镁3-5份、氢氧化铝2-3份、炭黑2-3份、二硫化钼1-2份、四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆1-2份，玻璃纤维1-2份，滑石粉1-2份；
2）将癸二酸二辛酯、氮化硼、碳化硅、钛酸酯交联剂、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、炭黑、二硫化钼、玻璃纤维以及滑石粉，依次添加到高速混合机中2000rpm混合搅拌5min，然后升温至90℃，保温3min，再加入聚碳酸酯和四硫化双五亚甲基秋兰姆，1000rpm搅拌3min，出料，然后与高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯蜡混匀，投入到双螺杆挤出造粒机挤出造粒，得母料；将母料投到成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，即得。
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