[go: up one dir, main page]

CN108002936B - 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用 - Google Patents

防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108002936B
CN108002936B CN201711326003.4A CN201711326003A CN108002936B CN 108002936 B CN108002936 B CN 108002936B CN 201711326003 A CN201711326003 A CN 201711326003A CN 108002936 B CN108002936 B CN 108002936B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
root
fertilizer
fruits
parts
knot nematode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201711326003.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN108002936A (zh
Inventor
吕金浮
刘永光
刘晓明
彭佃亮
林桂玉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weifang University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
Weifang University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weifang University of Science and Technology filed Critical Weifang University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN201711326003.4A priority Critical patent/CN108002936B/zh
Publication of CN108002936A publication Critical patent/CN108002936A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108002936B publication Critical patent/CN108002936B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用，活性成分是乌头碱、秋水仙碱、龙葵碱中的任何一个或多个的组合。本发明利用几种生物碱作为活性成分制备防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物肥料，杀虫效果极为优异，对环境和作物友好没有任何污染，而且具有肥料功效，同时无残留，无毒副作用，具有环境友好性，并且可持续生产。

Description

防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物有机肥料，属于病虫害防治技术领域。
背景技术
植物寄生线虫是植物侵染性的病原之一，它们广泛寄生在各种植物的根、茎、叶、花、芽和种实上，使植物发生各种线虫病。目前对植物有害的线虫，植物寄生线虫主要包括：根结线虫属、肾形线虫属、孢囊线虫(异皮线虫属、根斑线虫(短体线虫属)。线虫危害影响植物对营养和水分的吸收，还给植物病原菌入侵提供了便利。在我国发现的有40多种，主要有小杆线虫、根结线虫、孢囊线虫、根腐线虫等，其中对作物危害最为严重的是根结线虫和孢囊线虫，主要受危害的作物有番茄、花生、大豆、水稻、小麦、马铃薯、稻草等。线虫一般发生就可以使这类作物减产10％-40％，严重时能减产70％-80％，甚至绝产，其危害程度可见一斑。
根结线虫是一种高度专化型的杂食性植物病原线虫。被害植株地上部生长矮小、缓慢、叶色异常，结果少，产量低，甚至造成植株提早死亡。线虫寄主范围广泛，对西瓜、番茄、甜瓜等各种瓜类危害巨大。瓜类水果由于生长周期较长，日常管理难度更高。而市场上，瓜类水果的价格远远高于蔬菜，一旦被根结线虫侵害，造成的经济损失更为巨大。
目前防治根结线虫多采用化学药剂。然而，随着环保、绿色、生态等观念的普及，用于蔬菜、水果的农药产品越来越引起人们的关注。对于各种瓜类水果来说，例如，西瓜、甜瓜、哈密瓜等等，由于多为直接食用的品种，农药残留难以去除，危害更大。
根结线虫的爆发根本原因在于我国化肥的品种不合理、利用率低、施用量过大等原因，造成土壤酸化、有益微生物数量下降、透气性下降等问题，其中又以酸化影响最大，形成了根结线虫发生的客观条件。要防治根结线虫，既要从根本上提高化肥利用率，缓解酸化，又要直接抑制线虫的发生。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物有机肥料，主要生物成分为生物碱。
目前，生物碱作为植物源杀虫剂的报道和应用很多，在防治蚜虫、菜青虫、烟青虫、小菜蛾等有害昆虫上面已经取得了很好的进展，但是，并没有将其用于根结线虫上的研究报道，也没有将其应用到生物有机肥料来防治根结线虫的研究。
本发明的技术方案是将生物碱应用到防治果蔬根结线虫病上。本发明的生物碱是乌头碱、秋水仙碱、龙葵碱。
本发明还提供一种用于防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物肥料，活性成分是乌头碱、秋水仙碱、龙葵碱中的任何一个或多个的组合。
优选的，本发明提供一种生物有机肥料，包括下列组分：
秋水仙碱15-30份，龙葵碱25-30份，草炭粉50-80份，尿素100-200份，磷酸二铵200-250份，硫酸钾200-250份，腐植酸15-20份，食用菌渣35-55份。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了几种生物碱的新用途，它们都可以抑制土壤中有害生物，尤其对根结线虫的抑制作用敏感、效果好，且不破坏生态环境，抗性强，效果持久，可使根结线虫拒食并抑制根结线虫生长发育，干扰根结线虫内分泌，使根结线虫幼虫不能正常生长而导致害虫死亡。
利用几种生物碱作为活性成分制备防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物肥料，杀虫效果极为优异，对环境和作物友好没有任何污染，而且具有肥料功效，同时无残留，无毒副作用，具有环境友好性，并且可持续生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供了一组可以用于防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物碱，它们是乌头碱、秋水仙碱、龙葵碱。
三种生物碱的灭根结线虫的效果验证：
1.实验材料：试验土壤是由灭菌土接种线虫达到感染效果，
2.实验过程：
从染病严重的番茄根部分离根结线虫卵囊，卵囊加清水在25℃下孵化的二龄幼虫（J2），接种前浓缩至二龄幼虫（J2）1000条/ml，接种于灭菌土中，每次5000条，接种间隔7d。
平均病情指数，根据根结线虫危害植物感染分级与根结指数进行统计计数。计算公式为：病情指数（%）=100×∑（各级根结数×各级代表值）/（调查总根结数×最高级代表值）。
防治效果的计算公式：防治效果（%）=（对照线虫数量－处理线虫数量）/对照线虫数量×100%。
具体使用时，将三种生物碱分别施撒到受到根结线虫感染的土壤中，与其充分混合均匀。
（1）乌头碱效果
用量g/kg 平均病情指数（%） 防治效果（%）
1 23.61 64.32
5 19.32 84.36
10 21.58 90.17
15 25.34 93.67
（2）秋水仙碱效果
用量g/kg 平均病情指数（%） 防治效果（%）
1 18.38 70.29
5 22.12 89.26
10 19.20 95.31
15 20.97 96.18
（3）龙葵碱效果
用量g/kg 平均病情指数（%） 防治效果（%）
1 25.49 55.16
5 24.67 70.19
10 23.32 86.94
15 24.11 91.37
由上面的三种生物碱的防治效果可以看出，它们具有显著的防治根结线虫的作用。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种用于防治果蔬根结线虫病的生物肥料，包括下列组分：秋水仙碱30份，龙葵碱25份，草炭粉50份，尿素200份，磷酸二铵200份，硫酸钾250份，腐植酸20份，食用菌渣55份。
本实施例的杀虫剂效果评价
1.实验分组
实验组：本实施例的生物肥料。
对照组：本实施例的生物肥料，区别在于不包括秋水仙碱和龙葵碱25。
每组重复3次，共计6个小区，每个小区为30m2，随机排列。
2.试验方法：试验设在潍坊市某蔬菜大棚内，种植对象为番茄，该大棚土质为沙土，肥力中等，根结线虫病发生严重。2016年7~8月大棚蔬菜收茬清园后，施用实验组和对照组的肥料并翻耕，番茄移栽前每个小区均匀土壤施用50kg/亩，即0.075 kg/ m2。
在开花期以后，每亩番茄施用肥料40kg/亩。
每个小区3点取样，每点及其正东、南、西、北方向各选取1株作物。
3.调查方法：对病害发病程度进行调查，依照根结线虫危害分级标准进行分级并做好记录计算病情指数和相对防效；
根部病情指数=∑（各级病根数×相对级数值）/调查总根数×5×100。
相对防效（%）=（对照根部病情指数-处理根部病情指数）/对照根部病情指数×100。
番茄第一批果实成熟收集后，观察记录番茄根部的根结百分率、根部病情指数。
4.试验结果
用量g/kg 根部病情指数 相对防效（%）
实验组1 3.9 89.5
实验组2 4.5 90.2
实验组3 3.1 88.7
空白组1 26.4 -
空白组2 22.3 -
空白组3 25.1 -
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员，在本发明的实质范围内，作出的变化、改型、添加或替换，都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.用于防治番茄根结线虫病的肥料的用途，其特征在于，所述肥料用于防治番茄根结线虫病；秋水仙碱30份，龙葵碱25份，草炭粉50份，尿素200份，磷酸二铵200份，硫酸钾250份，腐植酸20份，食用菌渣45份。
CN201711326003.4A 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用 Active CN108002936B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711326003.4A CN108002936B (zh) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711326003.4A CN108002936B (zh) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108002936A CN108002936A (zh) 2018-05-08
CN108002936B true CN108002936B (zh) 2021-02-26

Family

ID=62058605

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201711326003.4A Active CN108002936B (zh) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN108002936B (zh)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1545888A (zh) * 2003-12-03 2004-11-17 华南农业大学 三尖杉属植物杀线虫生物碱的提取方法及其应用
CN1690018A (zh) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-02 冯善有 一种木酢液生物有机肥
CN104255815A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2015-01-07 北京市思达尔化工新技术有限责任公司 一种植物杀虫剂的制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1545888A (zh) * 2003-12-03 2004-11-17 华南农业大学 三尖杉属植物杀线虫生物碱的提取方法及其应用
CN1690018A (zh) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-02 冯善有 一种木酢液生物有机肥
CN104255815A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2015-01-07 北京市思达尔化工新技术有限责任公司 一种植物杀虫剂的制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
刘计权等.植物源农药防治根结线虫研究进展.《农药》.2011,第50卷(第6期),第396页. *
植物源农药防治根结线虫研究进展;刘计权等;《农药》;20110630;第50卷(第6期);第396页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN108002936A (zh) 2018-05-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5410640B2 (ja) 植物の育成方法およびそれに使用する組成物
Mondal et al. Foliar application of chitosan improved morphophysiological attributes and yield in summer tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
CN105541512A (zh) 生态菌肥及自然农法生态种植方法
WO2015041336A1 (ja) 有益微生物を活用した水耕栽培方法
Jangra et al. Studies on efficacy of vermicompost for the management of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)(Acari: Tarsonemidae) infesting chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Haryana
Murthy et al. Effect of growth regulators and bio-inoculants on rooting and growth of vanilla stem cuttings
CN107624549A (zh) 番茄的育苗方法
Ghoname et al. Finding natural alternatives to methyl bromide in greenhouse cantaloupe for yield, quality and disease control
CN108002936B (zh) 防治果蔬根结线虫病的肥料及其应用
CN106472591B (zh) 一种生态杀虫杀菌剂及其制备方法
Zakka et al. Effectiveness of maize as an intercrop in the management of insect pests of okra: Is there a better intercrop pattern than random intercrop practiced by farmers?
Orluchukwu et al. Effect of different rates of spent mushroom substrate on the growth and yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfaira occidentalis HOOK. F) in South-South, Nigeria
Bute et al. THE STUDY OF TOLERANCE OF SOME SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CUCURBITACEAE TO THE ATTACK OF PATHOGENS.
CN114190406A (zh) 一种促进作物生长的植物生物刺激素及其使用方法
Tripathy et al. Variability studies in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Bommayasamy et al. Effect of entrapped slow release pre-emergence herbicide oxadiargyl with zeolite, biochar, starch and water soluble polymer formulations on weed control duration and yield of transplanted rice
Seenivasan Bioefficacy of anti-nemic plants against root-knot nematode in medicinal coleus
KR100773148B1 (ko) 님 분말과 토양 미생물을 이용한 토양선충 방제재
Ghose et al. Effect of date of planting on pest and leaf curl virus incidence on Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum var grossum Sendt.) in the Bengal Basin
Bhuiya et al. Gliricidia tree leaf incorporation into soil and use of companion plants for safe tomato production
El-Morsi et al. Effectiveness of some organic compounds in controlling pathogenic fungi associated with roots of date palm offshoots in New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Mercado Jr et al. Soil management and crop nutrition for tomato in acid soil of Claveria, Philippines
CHIHOBVU et al. he Herbicidal Activity of Spider Plant, Cleome Gynandra L., Plant Tissue on Weeds in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) and Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum)
Singh et al. Management of sheath blight in rice through application of Validamycin, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence
Abana Peace et al. Antifungal Potential of Neem Seeds and Onion Bulb Extracts on Anthracnose Disease of Sweet Pepper

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant