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CN107921884A - 增加供电和降低燃料需求的机动车 - Google Patents

增加供电和降低燃料需求的机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107921884A
CN107921884A CN201680025467.9A CN201680025467A CN107921884A CN 107921884 A CN107921884 A CN 107921884A CN 201680025467 A CN201680025467 A CN 201680025467A CN 107921884 A CN107921884 A CN 107921884A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
motor
trailer
power
sensor
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN201680025467.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
托马斯·约瑟夫·希利
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hailiang Co
Original Assignee
Hailiang Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hailiang Co filed Critical Hailiang Co
Publication of CN107921884A publication Critical patent/CN107921884A/zh
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
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Abstract

一种电力控制系统可以包括电池、电机和数据逻辑分析器中的至少一个，数据逻辑分析器可以解释沿道路或高速公路移动的运输机，诸如拖拉机拖车的某些可变条件。数据可用于确定何时对拖车的车轮施加补充动力以减少燃料用量。一个示例设备可以包括以下各项中的至少一项：产生电力的电力生成模块；存储电力的电池；固定到拖车的拖车轴上的电机，该电机在被启用而利用电池的存储电力运行时向拖车轴提供回转力；以及电机控制器，配置成根据预定传感器条件启动电机运行。

Description

增加供电和降低燃料需求的机动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求早前于2015年5月1日提交的题为“Electric tractor trailingsliding suspension system”的美国临时专利申请No.62/179,209的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及最佳机动车动力，更具体地涉及通过电力辅助的智能控制和分配来抵消燃料消耗。
背景技术
通常，燃料在货车运输业中占营业成本的近40％。对于面临与柴油汽油相关联的大成本的货运车队，任何抵消这些成本的方式都将是值得考虑的。用于汽车和/或货运行业的降低燃料消耗并优化能源足迹的产品受到高度称赞。目前存在连接在拖车下方的滑动车轴/悬架系统，但是通常它们是被动系统，因此通常不会对车轮施加动力。
发明内容
本申请的一个示例性实施例可以提供一种识别车辆运动信息并且基于拖车运动信息对拖车应用电机支持的设备。
本申请的另一个示例性实施例可以包括一种装置，所述装置包括以下各项中的至少一项：电力生成模块，其配置成产生电力；电池，其配置成存储电力；固定到拖车和/或卡车的车轴上的电机，其配置成当被启用而利用电池的存储电力运行时向车轴提供回转力；以及电机控制器，其配置成根据预定传感器条件启动电机运行。
本申请的又一个示例性实施例可以包括一种装置，所述装置包括以下各项中的至少一项：电池，其配置成存储拖车运动产生的电力；固定到拖车和/或卡车的车轴上的电机，其配置成当被启用而利用电池的存储电力运行时向车轴提供回转力；以及电机控制器，其配置成根据预定传感器条件启动电机运行。
本申请的再一个示例性实施例可以包括一种装置，所述装置包括以下各项中的至少一项：至少一个固定到车辆(或者联接到车辆的拖车)的传感器，其配置成在车辆运动期间接收传感器数据；固定到车辆的车轴上的电机，其配置成当被启用而利用电池电力运行时向车轴提供回转力；车辆控制器，其配置成基于从至少一个传感器接收的传感器数据识别已经被触发的阈值传感器条件；以及电机控制器，其配置成根据阈值传感器条件启动电机运行。
本申请的还一个示例性实施例可以包括一种装置，所述装置包括以下各项中的至少一项：至少一个固定到车辆(或者联接到车辆的拖车)的传感器，其配置成在车辆运动期间接收传感器数据；固定到车辆的车轴上的电机，其配置成当被启用而利用电池电力运行时向车轴提供回转力；以及车辆控制器，配置成基于从所述至少一个传感器接收的传感器数据识别已经被触发的阈值传感器条件并基于阈值传感器条件控制车辆的速度。
附图说明
图1示出了根据示例性实施例的具有电机辅助装置的拖车轴和悬架组件的俯视立体图。
图2示出了根据示例性实施例的具有电机辅助装置的拖车轴和悬架组件的仰视图。
图3示出了根据示例性实施例的对拖车和/或卡车的电机支持的示例系统配置。
图4示出了根据示例性实施例的电机控制和车轴适配配置。
图5示出了根据示例性实施例的电机控制和车轴适配配置的更详细配置。
具体实施方式
容易理解的是，本申请的部件，如本文附图中一般描述和示出的，可以以各种各样的不同配置进行布置和设计。因此，如附图所示的以下具体实施方式并不旨在限制所要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅代表本申请的选定实施例。
说明书全文中描述的本申请的特征、结构或特性可以任何合适的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。例如，贯穿本说明书，使用短语“示例性实施例”、“一些实施例”或其他类似语言是指结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，贯穿本说明书出现短语“示例性实施例”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他实施例中”或其他类似语言不一定都指代相同的一组实施例，并且所述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式组合在一个或多个实施例中。
图1示出了根据示例性实施例的具有电机辅助装置的卡车轴和车轮组件的俯视图。参考图1，拖车轮和车轴组件100的俯视图包括一组轮胎和相应的车轮110、车架和固定到车架下侧的电机112。电源被固定在拖车下方并且集成到悬架配置中。集成的电机配置可以包括固定到车架下侧的电池。集成的电机配置将从车轴捕获能量，该能量存储在图2的电池阵列116中。然后，存储的电池能量可用于启动电机，并通过电机延伸部114向驱动轴提供运动辅助，该电机延伸部将运动从电机传递到车轴。通常存在两个附加部件，一个是管理电机和电池之间的能量的电机控制器。另一个部件是具有传感器并可以预测何时以及何地施加电力或捕获电力的自动控制系统。
每个车轮可以有一个电机。在替代实施例中，整个车轴可能只有一个电机。或者任一个车轴上都可能有电机。或者每个车轮有四个电机。一些拖车具有一个或多个车轴，并且可以适应任意数量的车轴。车轴可以是固定的，或者也可以固定到或位于滑动悬架平台上。然后，分布式电源可以向每个电机同时或彼此独立地施加电力。能量可以通过电机和驱动轴来捕获，然后存储在电池组中。而且，能量也可以从通过空气压力、流体压力来捕获能量的液压系统、飞轮、车辆上的太阳能电池板和/或这些动力源中的一个或多个的组合来捕获。然后将能量转移回电机，以便给前方的悬架和车轴系统提供动力。悬架上的控制系统中的控制特征，诸如加速度计和陀螺仪等，可以独立地感测何时发生加速或制动，并且在这种情况下施加电力/转矩(正方向或负方向)或不施加电力/转矩。控制系统还会感测驾驶员正在做什么，并且适当地操作系统。
在另一个示例性实施例中，卡车下方的制动管路可以用于确定制动和冗余动力。此外，来自卡车数据端口的数据可以与拖车上的控制系统通信，以基于车辆数据(例如速度、制动、加速度、运动等)做出决定。该系统可以具有连接到电机的驱动轴。这使得车轴能够使电机旋转并且电机能够使车轴旋转。这允许能量在两个部件之间传递。电机连接到控制系统。该控制系统可以向电机发送不同频率的电力，以便以不同速度为其供电。控制系统还可以向电机发送电力，这允许驱动轴使得电机，进而产生能量。然后，该产生的能量将被送回控制系统。控制系统附接到电池组。
控制系统还监测系统内的电池电量和参数，电机控制器和电池管理系统监测电量并读取通过分路的电力流或通过高压线路的电流，并计算电流强度，从而计算电池电量。车辆控制单元和控制系统能够感测驾驶员的动作，并适当地控制电机控制器、电池组和电机。它还能够使用高程图来正确地控制系统。利用来自图形的海拔信息，陀螺仪可以用来识别坡度和位置以便确定海拔。还可以将海拔参数用作是否施加电力的依据。控制系统可以预测车辆开向哪里，并评估前方的地形。然后，系统可以确定现在要对电池进行放电还是充电，以便在车辆到达前方的地形时是最有效的。此外，拖车上的尺度系统可以提供有关重量和所需电力的信息(空气悬架)。
图2示出了根据示例性实施例的具有电机辅助装置的拖车轴和悬架组件的仰视透视图。参考图2，电机可以具有到驱动轴的皮带驱动连接114，然而，链驱动、平行齿轮驱动器、齿轮箱、具有小齿轮小齿轮/齿轮/差动连接的直接驱动器、流体转矩传递装置、柔性联轴器、在车轴内部具有电机的直接驱动器(其中电机可以直接连接到轮毂)或可在系统运行时连续变化以使用不同挡位的变速器也是可行的。此外，电池组可以被塞入环保车架中，为了安全起见，它们被封装在车架中。相反，卡入抽出式电池模块可以可拆卸地附接。
在运行中，当卡车停止时，控制系统和备用电源(120伏交流电，240伏交流电或其他变化的电压)可以插入卡车中以便为电器、加热和冷却装置供电，而非整晚运行柴油发动机。系统还可以在发生意外事故或突发事故的情况下为摄像机供电，为警告轮胎压力等的传感器，GPS系统等供电。系统还可以连接到云端进行数据存储、分析等。此外，设计可以更符合空气动力学，以便在拖车下方流动的空气更多流过气翼，使得底盘更符合空气动力学，从而降低阻力系数。
根据示例性实施例，以多种方式通过车辆的运动生成能量。能量存储在电池中。当某些变量在预定范围内时(即在MPH、加速比、制动、陀螺仪运动、使用的特定挡位、倾斜计、GPS坐标、地形图等的阈值条件下，观察卡车的OBDII或J1939CanBus数据)智能系统知道接合电能，这增加了能够被转动的车轴或者被移位的悬架的性能，从而提高了效率。能量(电池/电机)将增加被转动的车轴的性能，在现代卡车的CanBus(特别是J1939)上常规运行的电子控制模块(ECM)是卡车所拥有的，而非汽车中识别的OBDII端口，然而，为了本公开的目的，两种接口可以是整个系统的一部分。
图3示出了根据示例性实施例的对卡车的电机支持的示例系统配置。参考图3，“能量”由车轴/悬架系统和车轴本身提供(即从运动中捕获的能量)。系统配置300包括：卡车301，其容纳一个或多个电机344、电池342和其他局部适配单元，局部适配单元配置成从控制器324接收命令，并且向/不向卡车的各个车轴312，314和/或拖车的各个车轴316和318提供辅助能量。在本示例中，车轴本身的旋转可以通过转动用于为车轴供电的相同电机并且产生存储在电池342中的电力，来生成电能。来自传感器328、由卡车制动器执行的制动和/或其他数据源的任何数据(例如来自货运网络的网络数据，GPS信号，地形信息，天气信息等)也可以用于使控制器324能够启用一个或多个电机344向车轴提供辅助。在一个示例中，感测数据(即，每小时英里数)可以识别为向用于一个车轴312的一个电机提供启用信号，而其他车轴及其相应的电机不被启用。在附加的感测数据，例如第二条件(即，倾斜的道路，来自发动机RPM的音频等)满足条件时，可以使其他电机能够向其他车轴314、316和/或318提供辅助。本领域技术人员将理解，一个或多个感测条件可以使一个、两个或更多个电机开始运行并对卡车提供辅助以节约能量并提高燃料经济性。
还在其他实施例中，上下移动的冲击也可以通过悬架电力捕获适配模块(未示出)生成存储在电池中的能量。电源的其它示例可以包括卡车的主发动机的运动、太阳能电池板、插入电源插座的充电系统。这样的一个示例可以是在休息站、装载码头、称重站等处的插座。控制器324的控制方面可以包括微控制器和/或处理器。控制器将使用逻辑来解释OBDII/ECM数字数据读取能力和解释，以获得某些命令，如：什么也不做，施加一些电力，施加更多电力，施加更少电力，对电池充电，停止对电池充电等。控制器324可能甚至不需要ECM数据来改变其性能，但ECM数据也可以用于提供额外的反馈。当驾驶员加速或上坡时可以施加电力，然后当车辆减速或下坡并且不需要辅助时捕获电力。每次感测数据识别道路状况和卡车状况时，循环可以重复，以便电机在适当的时间被启用和停用。
加速或减速的加速度数据是用于识别上坡或下坡运动的基础变量，然后根据电池电量可以相应地进行充电和放电，预测前方的地形、部件温度、速度等。通过冲击捕获能量也是可能的。车轴可以使电机旋转，这将产生能量，或者电机可以使车轴旋转，这将消耗能量。因此，电机可以充当动力源或发电机，其产生电池可以存储的电力。
可以以多种方式通过卡车或车辆的运动来产生能量。能量存储在电池中。当某些感测条件在预定范围内时(即在MPH、加速比、制动、陀螺仪运动、使用的特定挡位、倾斜坡度、发动机噪声等的阈值条件下观察卡车的OBDII/ECM数据)，控制系统能够接合电能，这增加了被转动的车轴或者被移位的悬架的性能，从而提高了效率。能量(电池/电机)将增加被转动的车轴的性能。这种信息可以从卡车车辆所使用的电子控制模块(ECM)识别，而非OBDII端口。“能量”来自悬架并且来自车轴本身，即从运动捕获能量。可以从大多数形式的运动产生电力，然而，在所公开的示例中，通过车轴的旋转来捕获能量。
图4示出了根据示例性实施例的电机控制和车轴适配配置。参考图4，电机和相应的控制系统400可以包括作为动力和电机控制单元310运行的一组模块。在图4的示例性配置中，电力生成模块348可以在电机344以被动运行模式运行时产生电力。例如，当通过控制器324停用电机时，可以使电力生成模块348能够从车轴的旋转运动、冲击或者通过单独的充电配置(例如太阳能电池板和/或充电单元，未示出)产生电力。通过各种传感器检测到的感测条件可以经由信号接收单元321接收和处理。当需要额外能量的条件，诸如车辆所经历的倾斜坡度、由音频传感器检测到的RPM阈值、某个阈值MPH等被确定时，控制器324可以使电池停止充电并且使电池电力能够被分散到电机344，电机344能够经由车轴适配单元将辅助能量提供给车轴。
控制功能可以包括微处理器和/或处理器，其接收该传感器数据并处理该数据以使电机能够运行。控制器324可以使用逻辑来解释感测数据，将数据与预定条件/阈值进行比较并且执行动力命令决定。控制器324的OBDII或具体对于卡车的ECM数字数据读取能力和解释可用于识别某些命令，如什么也不做，施加一些电力，施加更多电力，施加更少电力，给电池充电，停止给电池充电等。在一个示例中，控制器324不需要ECM数据来做出功率分配决定，然而，ECM数据也可以用于电机启用决定。
当驾驶员加速或上坡行驶时可以施加电力，然后当车辆减速或下坡时可以捕获电力。在一个示例中，诸如加速或减速等的加速度是识别何时应当向电机344施加辅助电力的一种方法，而且诸如上坡或下坡等的地形也可以提供用于施加辅助电力的数据。此外，电池电量、预测的前方地形(GPS等)、部件的温度、速度等都可以用于确定是否施加辅助电力以及所需电力的程度。车轴可以使电机旋转，这将产生能量，或者电机可以使车轴旋转，这将消耗能量。结果，电机可以用作动力源或发电机。
一个示例性实施例可以包括电力生成模块348，其配置成产生电力；电池342，配置成存储电力；固定到车辆的车轴上的电机，配置成当被启用而利用电池的存储电力运行时向车轴提供回转力。此外，电机控制器324配置成基于来自各个传感器中的任一个的预定传感器条件启动电机344，这些传感器识别外部条件并将信息提供给控制器进行处理。在仅仅是电能的替代中，流体/气体压缩能量可以被捕获和分配以转动车轴。例如，通过在车辆减速或停止时压缩流体/气体，压缩的流体/气体可以在加速时用来使车轴旋转。
预定传感器条件的示例可以包括以下各项中至少一项的变化：加速度计位置、全球定位系统指示器、车辆的加速状态和车辆的速度状态。可以从倾斜计、陀螺仪、以收听卡车发动机RPM以基于已知的音频条件(即，发动机噪声)识别应变和过度使用的麦克风，在第五轮上或附近用以测量卡车和拖车之间的力的应变和力传感器识别关于车辆的其他数据，从而审核卡车电子控制系统(ECM)以处理驾驶员的动作和无动作、发动机使用、制动器使用等。当电机被接合以在车轴上直接提供辅助时，车辆发动机的燃料用量减少。电力是通过车轴的旋转、车辆悬架的运动和经由固定到车辆上的太阳能电池板产生的太阳能中的至少一个来产生。此外，例如，使用存储的能量作为电源，驾驶员可以将卡车插入电源以便为加热/冷却电子设备等供电。电机344、电池342或电源354也可以用于为拖车上的其他物品，例如电动升降机、风扇、用于拖车的冷却(例如制冷)或加热系统、发动机组加热器、升降门或拖车上的其他电动部件供电，从而在装载站中移动拖车，不需要临时连接柴油动力卡车。此外，可以在包括悬架调整装置、车轮、车轴的系统周围自动执行空气动力学，以减少阻力并减少燃料消耗。
在运行时，电力生成模块348可以是连接到车轮的驱动轴，使得电力可以从车轮传递到车轴。然后电机可以直接安装在驱动轴上。电机可以充当发电机和动力源。电机可以以不同的量施加正转矩或负转矩或不施加转矩。车轴可以是准备用于卡车的驱动轴。与具有驱动轴相反，电机连接到小齿轮、轭架和/或差速器。
图5示出了根据示例性实施例的电机控制和车轴适配配置的更详细配置。参考图5，系统配置500包括具有电机控制器324、电池342和电机344的主控制单元311。预充电模块341能够使控制器324开始操作电机344。在该配置中，车辆控制器360可以表示单独的计算模块，其可以是电机控制器324的一部分或者取决于制造商采用的配置的单独控制器。车辆控制器360负责识别从以下任何传感器和数据源接收到的数据，传感器和数据源包括但不限于重量传感器361，配置成监测卡车重量；制动传感器362，配置成监测何时发生制动；陀螺仪363，配置成监测车辆在所有方向上的位置和移动；倾斜计364，配置成监测车辆的相对倾斜度；地形数据365，配置成通过存储的地图、倾斜度和高度数据监测和预测道路当前、过去和/或未来的地形；卡车司机网络366，配置成监测从无线通信源接收的关于道路的局部和扩展状况的数据；GPS传感器367，用于监视车辆位置/速度/高度等；以及无线通信模块368，其可以通过诸如移动电话/卫星等各种通信源与系统来回传递数据。在图5的示例中，来自GPS、加速度计、制动器等的传感器信息触发启动在车轴上的本地电机动作的任务。车辆控制器360接收感测数据并处理信息以便使能电机的动作。将接收到的数据进行分析并与确立的阈值(例如已知的山丘或地形变化、加速度计数据、GPS信息、MPH、制动动作和其他与速度相关的度量)进行比较。信息被接收、处理、并与其阈值进行比较，并作出接合电机的决定。
根据一个示例性实施例，装置可以包括固定到车辆上的至少一个传感器，其配置成在车辆移动期间接收传感器数据；固定到车辆车轴上的电机，其中电机配置成当被启用而利用电池电运行时为车轴提供回转力。该装置还包括处理器，配置成基于接收到的传感器数据来识别已经被触发的传感器的阈值条件；以及电机控制器，配置成基于阈值条件启动电机运行。传感器包括以下各项中的至少一个：加速度计、全球定位系统单元、车辆制动检测器、车速检测器、倾斜计、陀螺仪、麦克风、卡车控制系统传感器、ECM数据等。阈值条件可以是车辆的速度、车辆的角度或与一个或多个传感器数据相关的任何阈值。
当已经超过阈值条件时，电机控制器启用电机开始运行。阈值条件包括车辆在运动中的预定角度。阈值条件还可以包括当车辆运动时每小时预定英里/小时速度。逆变器/转换器电源部件354可以将存储在电池342中的能量转换为能够由辅助动力部件使用的能量，例如在休息站的卡车、拖车上的升降门、拖车上的制冷或加热单元、电机控制器324、车辆控制器360以及系统上的其他部件。该配置的部件可以包括电机344、电机控制器324、逻辑控制器或车辆控制单元360(VCU)、电池342、驱动轴111、悬挂车架和空气动力学装置以及其它子部件(诸如电池管理系统(BMS)352、12V电源(未示出)、DC-DC转换器(未示出)、DC-AC转换器(未示出)、冷却系统(未示出)、预充电电路模块341、驱动连接113、重量传感器361和制动传感器362等)。
电机可以是三相交流永磁电机。然而，本领域技术人员将理解，可以在本申请的系统配置中使用任何电机。这可以包括AC、DC、感应电机等。电机与电机控制器通信，并且具有3个电相位线(高压线)连接以及从电机向控制器发送信号的较小导线。电机还附接到冷却系统，该冷却系统使油流过电机来散发热量并且润滑部件。冷却范围可以为使冷却剂流过电机，在电机周围流动或使用气流冷却电机或所有冷却配置的组合。
然后将电机连接到驱动轴，以将转矩施加到车轮。可以使用具有带轮的皮带驱动的适配配置。或者，也可以使用电机和车轴联接的直接驱动配置。一种配置提供到当前的差速器/小齿轮的连接，其中电机以与车轴旋转成90度的方式旋转。另一种配置可以包括电机沿与车轴相同的方向或者平行于车轴旋转，并且具有用于适配的传动系统。
电机控制器是电机和电池之间的主要联动点，其从电池(DC电流)获取能量并将其转换成用于电机的三相AC电流(或者基于电机选择类型的不同配置)。控制器具有在任一方向上发送能量的逻辑和硬件。例如，如果进行再生制动，则可以在电机上产生能量，然后提供给电池供以后使用。电机控制器是所有部件之间的中心枢纽，其从车辆控制器360的逻辑获得其命令，具有其自身的内部逻辑，以确定如何使电机旋转以及如何对电池进行再充电，并且也通过液体、空气或组合来冷却。
通过传感器来收集数据，传感器分析来自卡车控制系统/“CanBus”的数据，对后轮施加转矩的大小以及是否施加电力或重新捕获能量。该配置目前是印刷电路板(连接到传感器的PCB型设置)。从电机、电池、电机控制器和其他子部件接收信息，以确保它们正常运行。主要检查的可能是部件的温度。如果它们开始过热，系统可能会减速或停止，以便在重新启动部件之前允许进行冷却。车辆控制器的逻辑还将通过云端传输数据，以便为客户提供实时数据，这允许我们在系统在路上时执行软件更新。
电池可以是锂离子电池。可以使用其它能量存储解决方案，例如飞轮、压缩或其他电池化学物质。也可以实现并联和串联连接以获得理想电压和充电/放电速率的电池单元。开发电池组有三个层次。首先是实际上存储能量的电池单元。然后将这些电池单元连接在一起产生模块，诸如电池模块中有30个电池单元。模块连接在一起以产生电池组，电池组中可能有连接在一起的四个模块。例如，可以使用在模块下方和周围具有冷却板的液体冷却系统来除去热量，然后流体通过散热器循环进行冷却。还可以使用非导电流体，这将允许部件完全浸没在该流体中。然后，流体将围绕电池342/电机控制器324/逆变器转换器电源354/或其它部件循环以进行冷却。流体运动可以由泵、风扇、重力磁力(如果流体中被注入了诸如Ferro流体等磁性材料)产生。此外，电动冷冻机可以用于在液体通过电池之前冷却液体。
驱动轴允许将动力传递并置于车轮上。通常，卡车拖拉机拖车后部的后轮是被动的。后轮安装在不旋转的车轴上，但是车轮绕车轴的外部轮毂旋转。在一个示例中，后车轴可以由驱动轴代替，例如卡车的驱动轴。该车轴类似于具有差速器和小齿轮的汽车的驱动轴。电机使小齿轮旋转，小齿轮进而使车轮旋转。可以在差速器内产生传动比，使得电机可以以与车轮不同的RPM旋转。电机和车轴也可以是平行或垂直的，平行意味着更少的能量损失。
悬挂车架可以具有车轴/悬架系统，例如拖车下方相对统一的滑台或转向架。这使得卡车驾驶员可以在拖车下面前后移动车架，以便驾驶员可以优化卡车轴和拖车轴上的重量分布。它还允许拖车的位置移动以便在城市中获得更小的转弯半径。滑台由滑动箱、悬架系统(例如空气悬架系统或片簧)组成，然后车轴可以为两个，或者一个，或者三个或者更多个车轴。车轴可以固定在一个位置，也可以位于滑动/移动平台上。
与常规配置相比，整个悬挂车架更符合空气动力学。通过改变空气在拖车下面的流动方式以及空气如何离开拖车的后部，可以减少阻力，这实际上减少了使用燃料的量。通常，在拖车下面聚集有大量的湍动空气。还有来自于空气如何离开拖车后部的大量后部阻力。然而，本申请的配置减少了阻力并使得系统更节省燃料。
在电池管理系统(BMS)352中，除了识别多少电流被拉入或推入电池单元中之外，BMS还识别每个电池单元的电压、温度、内部电阻等。通过监测这些变量，维持电池单元寿命尽可能的长。如果从BMS识别的数据表明电力不是最佳的，则系统的电力可以减少或全部关闭。BMS还具有平衡电池的能力。这允许每个电池在其整个寿命期间停留在相同的充电百分比。例如，如果一个电池处于100％充电状态而另一个电池处于50％充电状态，则不能再对系统充电，否则第一个电池将被过充。BMS能够保持所有的电池处于相同的充电状态。
诸如主电池342之外的12伏电池或DC-DC转换器的12伏电源可以用于为系统中的部件供电，包括接通电机控制器，为逻辑控制器供电，为泵供电等。可以使用12伏电源以省略12伏电池。12伏电源将直接来自DC-DC转换器，该转换器获取来自电池盒的高电压并将其转换成较低电压。该12伏特电源也可以来自120伏AC至12伏dc电源。该12伏电源目前为电池充电，但它可能成为主要的12伏电源。目前使用12伏电源，但可以使用其他电压电平，例如24伏等。
DC-AC转换器允许我们从全电池组或12v电池获得当前的DC电力，并将其转换成110V的AC电力。这样可以让驾驶员将卡车插入我们的系统中，以便为卡车中的部件供电。这主要用于驾驶员在休息区睡觉并且他们想要一个电源为电视、加热装置、冷却装置、电子器件等装置供电的时候。这还可以用于为拖车上的设备供电，如升降门。初始或第二DC-AC逆变器可用于为拖车制冷或加热系统供电。
冷却系统可以包括两个冷却系统。一个用于电机，另一个用于控制器/电池。这两个系统也可以组合成一个冷却系统。电机使用油基液体，控制器/电池使用水/乙二醇基物质。系统通过使流体在部件内或周围流动来工作并且散热。然后将热流体通过散热器系统循环，以便冷却热量。如上所述，也可以使用诸如液体冷冻机的替代冷却方法来散热。
预充电电路模块341使用保险丝、继电器、电阻器和收缩物以防止部件之间的大电压差。这样的一个示例是当系统首次接通时，电机控制器处于零伏。如果电力急冲到控制器，则可能会损坏部件。预充电电阻器在允许全开放连接之前逐渐将电机控制器充电至全电压。
驱动连接/传动装置使用电机轴和小齿轮之间的联接，以便利用从电机传出的动力。此外，可以使用传动比，使得电机可以以与车轴不同的RPM旋转。在将来，变速箱也可以整合到系统中。这将允许我们在不同RPM下具有不同的转矩水平。重量传感器361感测悬架内的压力以确定拖车中的载荷是多大。制动传感器362检测拖车制动器以确定它们是否被接合。从安全的角度来看，试图将车辆减速的驾驶员不需要另一个试图转动车轴的电机。为了防止安全故障，如果应用了制动器，则电机不能被接合或将与再生制动接合。该系统还可以随时使用再生制动(例如在平坦的地形上)，以便对电池342再充电。
与常规卡车发动机使用一起接合的电机可以减少柴油发动机消耗的燃料量。柴油发动机在某个RPM范围内使用时效率最高。当超出这个范围时，它们的燃料效率显著降低。当卡车正在加速或正在爬坡时，卡车上存在大得多的载荷，RPM增加因此卡车不再在其最有效的能量带中运行。本发明的电机控制系统可以通过在卡车试图加速或爬坡时为拖车提供辅助能量来进行辅助。这样允许卡车停留在其最佳的RPM范围内，而且具有更多的电力。其他特征包括在卡车下坡时进行辅助。通常，卡车在下坡时会增加速度，驾驶员必须使用发动机制动或应用实际制动器以便将车辆减速。利用当前配置，电机可用作发电机使车辆减速并且捕获所有浪费的能量并将能量存储在电池组中。
除了通过使用混合电力技术节省燃料之外，来自空气动力学装置的额外节省和驾驶员睡觉时对卡车供电也可以节省能量。该配置可以改变空气在拖车下方流动的方式，以减少阻力并使行驶更符合空气动力学。阻力越小意味着柴油发动机所需做的功越少，消耗的燃料越少。燃料节省的另一个方面来自当驾驶员在驾驶室中睡觉或休息时将电池组用作电源。通常，驾驶员让柴油发动机运行，以便为其加热/冷却装置和电子器件供电。使用当前电力系统，可以将其柴油发动机关闭并利用我们的电池组给其装置供电。此外，本配置是拖车的整体技术解决方案。通过添加GPS跟踪和数据收集机制，以使车队更智能地利用他们的拖车。当车辆在路上时，该信息全部被传输到云端。
示例性实施例提供了一种推进装置或系统，该推进装置或系统用具有向后车轮施加正转矩和负转矩的配置替代拖拉机拖车下面的常规后被动车轴。拖拉机拖车悬架/车轴系统通常用八个螺栓固定到拖车的车架上，并具有两条空气管线和一条ABS线。该悬架系统可以在其上具有一个或多个车轴，并且通常是空气悬架系统或片簧悬架。该配置利用车轴悬架配置并添加了一个局部动力源。这允许车轮施加正转矩，滑行或施加负转矩。当系统施加负转矩(即，使用电机作为发电机)时，能够捕获能量并将其存储(即，在电池组中)供以后使用。然后，该配置可以使用该存储以供以后使用的能量，以在适当的时间对车轮施加正转矩。当施加电力时，可以向车辆添加额外的动力源(即，不再是卡车的柴油发动机拉动整个载荷)。推进配置有助于推动车辆。这种配置主要作用是减少燃料消耗，也可以用作辅助动力装置(即，驾驶员可以将其卡车插入电池中并通过使用存储的能量对卡车供电)。该配置还更符合空气动力学，因此减少了阻力，这也节省了燃料。
本发明的方面还可以应用于大范围的其它车辆，包括但不限于诸如小汽车、公共汽车、建筑设备、摩托车、机动三轮车、轻便摩托车和踏板车等机动车，诸如火车和电车等有轨车辆，诸如轮船和船艇(例如，可能与螺旋桨运动相关)的水运工具船，诸如飞机和直升机(例如，与涡轮/支撑运动)和宇宙飞船等航空器，等等。
容易理解的是，本申请的组件，如本文附图中一般地描述和示出的，可以以各种各样的不同配置进行布置和设计。因此，具体实施方式并不旨在限制所要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅代表本申请的选定实施例。
本领域普通技术人员将容易理解，可以以不同顺序的步骤和/或与所公开的配置不同配置的硬件元件来实践如上所述的申请。因此，虽然已经基于这些优选实施例描述了本申请，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，在不超过本申请的精神和范围内的情况下，某些修改，变化和替代结构将是显而易见的。因此，为了确定本申请的边界和界限，应参考所附权利要求书。
尽管已经描述了本申请的优选实施例，但是应当理解，所描述的实施例仅是说明性的，并且当考虑到全部范围的等同物及其修改时，本申请的范围仅由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种装置，包括：
电力生成模块，所述电力生成模块配置成产生电力；
电池，所述电池配置成存储所述电力；
电机，所述电机被固定到拖车的车轴上并且配置成当被启用而利用所述电池的存储电力运行时向所述车轴提供回转力；以及
电机控制器，所述电机控制器配置成根据预定传感器条件启动所述电机运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述预定传感器条件是以下各项中至少一项的变化：所述拖车的制动器状态、加速度计位置、全球定位系统指示器、所述拖车的加速状态、所述拖车的速度状态、所述拖车的测量倾斜度、陀螺仪读数、麦克风读数、驾驶员行为以及当前运行的发动机状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中当所述电机运行时，发动机用于对所述拖车提供动力的燃料用量减少。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述电力由以下各项中的至少一项产生：所述车轴的旋转、拖车悬架的运动以及固定到所述拖车的太阳能电池板的太阳能。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：
拖车控制器，所述拖车控制器配置成：
从至少一个传感器接收传感器数据；以及
确定所述传感器数据是否触发至少一个所述预定传感器条件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中，所述至少一个传感器条件包括超过阈值传感器条件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的装置，还包括以下各项中的至少一项：
重量传感器；
全球定位系统；
地形图；
远程信号；
高度计；
制动传感器；
陀螺仪；
倾斜计；
速度传感器；
和加速度计。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述拖车控制器从以下各项中的至少一项接收所述传感器数据：所述重量传感器、所述全球定位系统、所述地形图、所述远程信号、所述高度计、所述制动传感器、所述陀螺仪、所述倾斜计、所述速度传感器以及所述加速度计。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述电机控制器还被配置为根据另一个预定传感器条件来停止所述电机运行。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中固定到所述车轴的所述电机还包括多个电机，所述多个电机分别固定到相应多个车轴并且配置成当被所述电机控制器启用而运行时向每个所述车轴提供回转力。
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