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CN107856372A - 薄的叠层玻璃 - Google Patents

薄的叠层玻璃 Download PDF

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CN107856372A
CN107856372A CN201711090937.2A CN201711090937A CN107856372A CN 107856372 A CN107856372 A CN 107856372A CN 201711090937 A CN201711090937 A CN 201711090937A CN 107856372 A CN107856372 A CN 107856372A
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windowpane
glass plate
thickness
outer glass
glass
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C.莱斯特兰冈
R.吉
S.克雷默斯
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/101—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
    • B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
    • B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1484—Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及叠层玻璃窗，其包含至少一个外玻璃板和聚合物板，其中所述外玻璃板具有不大于2 mm的厚度和小于70×10‑7 K‑1的热膨胀系数。

Description

薄的叠层玻璃
本申请是申请号为201480002191.3（PCT/FR2014/052684）、申请日为2014年10月22日的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及耐砂砾投射的薄的叠层玻璃窗（glazing），及其在机动车或航空领域中的用途，例如作为汽车挡风玻璃或天窗。
背景技术
叠层玻璃窗通常用于机动车、航空或建筑领域，因为它们具有成为“安全”玻璃窗的优点。它们由通过由塑料（通常为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB））制造的插入层连接在一起的两个玻璃板组成。为了改善这种类型的玻璃窗的机械强度，已知通过使它们退火来增强构件玻璃板，并由此产生处于压缩的表面区域和处于拉伸的中心区域，例如，如专利EP 0 560639中所描述的。专利US 3 558 415描述了弯曲的叠层玻璃窗，其中已使外玻璃板和内玻璃板化学回火，从而具有处于压缩的表面区域。专利GB 1 339 980描述了挡风玻璃窗，其中仅使外玻璃板化学回火。
在机动车领域所遇到的问题涉及玻璃窗的重量。目前在试图降低玻璃窗的重量，然而同时不在机械强度性能方面妥协。专利申请WO 2012/051 038和WO 2012/177 426描述了其中玻璃板具有小于2 mm的厚度，并且使至少一个玻璃板化学回火的叠层玻璃。挡风玻璃的构件玻璃板的厚度的降低使其重量得以降低，但是可能导致机械问题，特别是当其暴露于射出的砂砾时，其易碎性增加。由上文所引用的文献中所提出的方案包括使外玻璃板化学回火。化学回火或离子交换的过程由以下所组成：利用更大离子半径的离子（通常为碱金属，例如钾的离子）对玻璃板的离子（通常为碱金属，例如钠的离子）进行表面替换，并在所述板的表面至一定的深度产生残余压应力（residual compression stresses）。这是相对昂贵和耗时的过程，并因此与连续的工业生产方法不良地兼容。
出于成本、重量和技术简化的原因，提供薄的叠层玻璃是有用的，其机械强度与目标应用相适应，并且其由不一定经过增强的玻璃板所组成。
发明内容
本发明落入此范围内，其主题为耐砂砾投射的叠层玻璃窗，其包含至少一个外玻璃板和聚合物板，其中外玻璃板具有不大于2 mm的厚度和小于70×10-7 K-1的热膨胀系数。
在本发明中，术语“外”用于涉及接受玻璃窗的装置外部的任何事物。外玻璃板因此为面向驾驶员座舱外部设置的。相反地，术语“内”用于涉及接受玻璃窗的装置内部的那些。叠层玻璃窗的内板对应于面向驾驶舱内部设置的板。
本发明人已经证明，通过制备具有热膨胀系数低（即低于70×10-7K-1）的玻璃板的的叠层玻璃窗，尽管没有经过机械增强，但是机械强度令人满意，并且特别与作为机动车挡风玻璃或天窗的玻璃窗的用途相适应。最终制品的重要结果特别地是其减轻的重量，这使得机动车的重量减轻并减少消耗。
外玻璃板优选具有不大于1.6 mm或者甚至不大于1.1 mm的厚度。因此，这种相对低的外板厚度有助于减轻叠层玻璃窗的重量。
优选地，外玻璃板具有小于50×10-7 K-1的热膨胀系数。
根据一个优选的实施方案，外玻璃板具有硼硅酸盐类型的化学组成。其可以是这样的，即其化学组成包含在下文所定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物：
SiO2 75-85%，
Al2O3 2-3%，
B2O3 10-15%，
Na2O + K2O 3-7%。
外玻璃板还可以是这样的，即其化学组成包含在下文所定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物：
SiO2 60-65%，
Al2O3 13-18%，
B2O3 8-14%，
CaO+MgO+SrO 6-10%。
根据另一个实施方案，外玻璃板具有铝硅酸锂类型的化学组成。其是这样的，即其化学组成包含在下文所定义的重量含量范围内的以下氧化物：
SiO2 52-75%，
Al2O3 15-27%，
Li2O 2-10%，
Na2O 0-1%，
K2O 0-5%，
CaO 0-0.5%，
ZnO 0-5%，
MgO 0-5%，
BaO 0-5%，
SrO 0-3%，
TiO2 0-6%，
ZrO2 0-3%，
P2O5 0-8%。
上文的玻璃组成仅提及了实质组分。它们并没有给出组成的次要成分，例如常规使用的精炼剂，例如砷、锑、锡和铈氧化物，金属卤化物或硫化物或着色剂，特别是例如铁氧化物，特别是钴、铬、铜、钒、镍和硒氧化物，其为在机动车玻璃窗的玻璃应用中最为常用的必需品。
根据一个实施方案，根据本发明的玻璃窗还包含至少一个内玻璃板。在这种情况中，聚合物板位于两个玻璃板之间并由此为插入板。
在包含两个玻璃板和位于所述两个玻璃板之间的聚合物板的这种实施方案中，叠层玻璃窗的内板具有不大于1.5 mm的厚度。优选地，该内板具有不大于1.1 mm，或者甚至是小于1 mm的厚度。有利地，内玻璃板具有小于或等于0.7 mm的厚度。该内玻璃板的厚度为至少50 μm。
内玻璃板优选地比外玻璃板薄。
根据一个优选的实施方案，没有使玻璃窗的构件板增强。既没有使玻璃板化学回火，也没有使其热回火。由于没有使它们化学增强，所以所述板在表面通常不会包含相对于芯部来说过度集中的碱金属（例如Na或K）的氧化物。然而，在玻璃板中可能存在应力（有利地为压应力）其由与聚合物板的组装导致。
然而，如果用户期望如此并且玻璃允许如此，可以通过回火来化学增强玻璃板。
聚合物板可以由一层或多层热塑性材料组成。特别地，其可以由聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）或离聚物树脂制成。聚合物板可以呈具有特定功能的多层膜的形式，例如更好的声学性能，抗UV性能等。其还可支持一个或多个功能薄层：特定的层可以具有抵抗意外撞击的耐刮擦性能，并且其它的层可以具有用于赋予玻璃窗防晒、除雾和/或除冰功能的驱动性能（drivingproperties）。
聚合物板的厚度介于50 μm至4 mm之间。当玻璃板非常薄并且厚度小于1 mm的时候，使用厚度大于1 mm，或者甚至大于2或3 mm的聚合物板以赋予玻璃窗刚性，而不会导致结构重量的过度增加可能是有利的。
当叠层玻璃窗包含两个玻璃板和聚合物板或插入件的时候，所述插入件的厚度通常小于1 mm。常规地，所述插入件包含至少一个PVB层。在机动车玻璃窗中，聚合物插入件的厚度通常为0.76 mm。
可以认为根据本发明的叠层玻璃窗是薄的，因为其具有小于4.5 mm，且甚至优选小于4 mm的总厚度。其具有比现有技术中已知的并且认为是薄的叠层玻璃窗更好的机械强度。玻璃窗的耐久性也得到改善，特别是在由于砂砾的投射而损伤之后。在脆化的玻璃窗上施加热梯度的过程中（例如，特别是在挡风玻璃的除冰过程中）破裂的风险也会降低。
根据本发明的叠层玻璃窗有利地构成机动车玻璃窗，且特别是挡风玻璃或天窗。其还可以构成航空领域，且特别是用于直升机的玻璃窗。在与聚合物插入件进行组装以形成最终制品之前，将叠层玻璃窗的一个或多个构件板有利地弯曲。
根据本发明的玻璃窗具有这样的优点，其能够用于将其暴露至砂砾投射的应用中。
为了对比不同的叠层玻璃窗对砂砾投射的耐性，进行压痕试验（称为“Sarbacane试验”）。该试验包括在固定在柔性胶框（rubber frame）内，尺寸为200×200 mm的叠层玻璃窗板的外表面之上从100至2000 mm之间的不同高度释放称重的（重3.2 g）维氏金刚石（Vickers diamond）压头。该柔性框允许叠层玻璃窗在压头的冲击过程中变形。由此可以测得在对外玻璃板冲击之后（冲击深度为100至150 μm），直到利用显微镜检查能够观察到星形裂纹跌落高度，或其最大尺寸超过10 mm时的跌落高度（drop height）。注意到在压头每次落下和观察到裂纹的第一高度之间，高度增加了100 mm。使每个叠层玻璃窗在九个不同的冲击点进行测试。在下文的实施例中给出的跌落高度值对应于九个破裂高度（fractureheight）值的平均值。在使维氏压头跌落之后立刻进行裂纹的检测。
附图说明
图1显示了根据实施例1的压痕试验。
图2显示了根据实施例2的压痕试验。
具体实施方式
下文的实施例说明了本发明，而不限制其范围。
在四个不同的薄的叠层玻璃上进行压痕试验（“Sarbacane”试验），其由以下组成：
- 硅-钠-钙类型的内玻璃板，其具有在下表1中给出组成C1（普通透明的透明玻璃），
- 由PVB制造的厚度为0.76 mm的标准聚合物插入件，
- 在下文的表1中给出的组成为C2至C5的外玻璃板。
组成C1为硅-钠-钙玻璃。组成C2至C4可以获得根据本发明的叠层玻璃窗。组成C2和C3为硼硅酸盐类型的玻璃。组成C4为铝硅酸锂类型的玻璃。
组成C5为铝硅酸钠类型的玻璃，出于对照的目的给出。
重量% C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
SiO2 71.1 80.5 63.6 68.2 60.7
Al2O3 0.65 2.5 16 18.95 7.7
B2O3 12.95 10.7
Na2O 13.8 3.42 13.1
K2O 0.25 0.63 9.55
Li2O 3.45
CaO 8.75 7.8
MgO 4 0.1 1.2 8.4
SrO 0.7
ZnO 1.62
TiO2 2.58
ZrO2 1.68
表1：玻璃的组成。
组成C1至C5的玻璃的热膨胀系数在表2中给出。
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
CTE（10-7/K） 89 32 32 41 108
外玻璃板为直接承受金刚石尖端的压头冲击的板。
对于所测试的每个叠层玻璃窗测量在外板上出现裂纹的第一高度。
实施例1
对由组成C1、0.55 mm厚的内玻璃板，0.76 mm厚的标准PVB插入件和组成C1、C2、C4和C5、1.1 mm厚的外玻璃板组成的叠层玻璃进行压痕试验（“Sarbacane”试验）。结果在图1中给出，其中显示了根据如上所述的压痕试验，在星形裂纹首次出现时维氏压头的跌落高度。以如下方式记录所测试的叠层玻璃窗：外玻璃板的组成/聚合物板的性质/内玻璃板的组成。由此，叠层玻璃窗C2/PVB/C1对应于由组成C2的硼硅酸盐类型的玻璃制造的外板，PVB插入件和由组成C1的硅-钠-钙玻璃制造的内板。
叠层玻璃窗C1/PVB/C1和C5/PVB/C1并非根据本发明，而是出于对照的目的给出。
注意到根据本发明的玻璃窗为具有最佳机械强度的那些。
实施例2
对由组成C1、0.7 mm厚的内玻璃板，0.76 mm厚的标准PVB插入件和组成C1、C3和C4、0.7mm厚的玻璃板组成的叠层玻璃进行压痕试验。试验结果在图2中给出。
叠层玻璃窗C1/PVB/C1并非根据本发明，而是出于对照的目的给出。
注意到根据本发明的叠层玻璃窗C3/PVB/C1具有非常良好的机械强度，尽管板的厚度低（该叠层玻璃窗的总厚度为2.16 mm）。

Claims (12)

1.耐砂砾投射的叠层玻璃窗，其包含至少一个外玻璃板和聚合物板，其特征在于所述外玻璃板具有不大于2mm的厚度和小于50×10-7 K-1的热膨胀系数，且所述叠层玻璃窗还包含至少一个内玻璃板，所述聚合物板位于两个玻璃板之间，并且所述内玻璃板具有不大于1.1 mm的厚度，且所述内玻璃板是硅-钠-钙类型的内玻璃板。
2.如权利要求1的玻璃窗，其特征在于外玻璃板具有不大于1.6mm的厚度。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于外玻璃板具有硼硅酸盐类型的化学组成。
4.如权利要求3的玻璃窗，其特征在于外玻璃板包含
SiO2 75-85%，
Al2O3 2-3%，
B2O3 10-15%，
Na2O + K2O 3-7%。
5.如权利要求3的玻璃窗，其特征在于外玻璃板包含
SiO2 60-65%，
Al2O3 13-18%，
B2O3 8-14%，
CaO+MgO+SrO 6-10%。
6.如权利要求1至2中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于外玻璃板具有铝硅酸锂类型的化学组成，并且优选包含
SiO2 52-75%，
Al2O3 15-27%，
Li2O 2-10%，
Na2O 0-1%，
K2O 0-5%，
CaO 0-0.5%，
ZnO 0-5%，
MgO 0-5%，
BaO 0-5%，
SrO 0-3%，
TiO2 0-6%，
ZrO2 0-3%，
P2O5 0-8%。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于聚合物板包含一层或多层热塑性材料，其选自聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）或离聚物树脂。
8.如权利要求1的玻璃窗，其特征在于内板具有小于1 mm的厚度。
9.如权利要求8的玻璃窗，其特征在于聚合物板包含至少一个PVB层。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于玻璃板为未经化学或热增强的板。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于其构成机动车玻璃窗，特别是汽车挡风玻璃或天窗。
12.如权利要求1至10中任一项的玻璃窗，其特征在于其构成用于直升机的玻璃窗。
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