CN107402029B - 利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统 - Google Patents
利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统,属于光纤传感领域,解决现有提升分布式光纤传感系统测量速度的方法,会增加接收信号带宽、降低接收信号的信噪比或降低空间分辨率的技术问题。本发明具体为发出周期性重复的N个正交光脉冲序列;将N个正交光脉冲序列依次打入待测光纤,采集散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照打入待测光纤的顺序依次排列,即可实现将分布式光纤传感的测量速度提高N‑1倍的目的。本发明用于提高光纤传感系统的测量速度。
Description
技术领域
一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统,用于提高测量光纤传感速度,属于光纤传感领域。
背景技术
分布式光纤传感系统属于远距离探测系统。测量速度是分布式光纤传感(DOFS)系统的重要参数。在大多数DOFS系统中,通常需要发送一个脉冲,通过脉冲反射(散射)光的接收时间来定位目标。为了防止误判,一般情况下,脉冲重复率(fscan)和测量光纤的长度(L)需要满足fscan<2nL/c,其中c是光在真空中的传播速度、n是光纤的折射率。所以,测量距离越长,脉冲的重复率越小,系统的测量速度就越慢。
目前已经有几种提高测量速度的方法。以色列特拉维夫大学研究人员利用负拍频信号将光频域反射仪(OFDR)的系统测量重复率提高到理论边界fscan<2L/v。上海光机所研究人员利用频分复用技术,将传感长度为9.6km的相位敏感型光时域反射计的测量重复率提升到了0.5MHz,但该技术增加了接收信号的带宽,且很大程度上降低了接收信号的信噪比;上海交通大学研究人员在脉冲OFDR中利用频分复用技术将测量重复率提高5倍,但是该技术需要将扫频范围划分为5个部分,于是系统的空间分辨率降低了5倍。所以,有必要提出一种新的增加测量速度的方法,既不增加接收信号的带宽又不牺牲空间分辨率和降低接收信号的信噪比。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:解决现有分布式光纤传感系统在提高测量速度的同时,会增加接收信号带宽、降低接收信号的信噪比或降低空间分辨率的技术问题;提供了一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于,如下步骤:
步骤1、产生周期性的正交光脉冲序列;
步骤2、将正交光脉冲序列按先后顺序注入待测光纤,采集到散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;
步骤3、从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
进一步,所述步骤1的具体步骤如下:
步骤1.1、1:9耦合器的90%端输出窄线宽激光器发出的连续激光;
步骤1.2、连续激光经信号发生单元产生的移频电信号驱动的调制单元,将连续激光调制成上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号,即产生的正交光脉冲序列。
进一步,所述步骤2的具体步骤如下:
步骤2.1、环形器将正交光脉冲序列注入待测光纤得到散射光信号;
步骤2.2、90°光学混频器将1:9耦合器的10%端输出的本振光与环形器输出的散射光信号进行IQ解调;
步骤2.3、将IQ解调后的信号通过平衡探测器将光信号转换成电信号,并通过数据采集卡或示波器转换成数字信号。
进一步,所述步骤3的具体步骤如下:
步骤3.1、利用正负拍频信号分离算法处理采集到的数字信号,将上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号产生的散射光解调分离,具体如下:
先将采集到的数字信号通过FFT转到频域;正交信号分别为频域的正频部分和负频部分,分别取正频部分和负频部分做IFFT,即可得到正交信号的时域信号;
步骤3.2、将解调分离后的两个信号所包含的传感信息,按注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
进一步,所述步骤1.2中,信号发生器产生两路频率为f1的正交信号,具体如下:
产生两个初相为0°,时延为nL/c的脉冲作为同相信号,即I路信号,其数学表达式为:
VIi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t)rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
同时,产生两个初相分别为90°与-90°、时延为nL/c的脉冲作为正交信号,即Q路信号,其数学表达式为:
VQi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t+π/2)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t-π/2)rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
其中,L为待测光纤长度,c为光在真空中传播的速度,n为待测光纤的折射率,nL/c为上变频光脉冲与下变频光脉冲之间的时间间隔,上变频光脉冲和下变频光脉冲的周期重复为2nL/c,f1为调制器移频频率,VD为调制所用的射频信号幅度,rect表示矩形函数;T为脉冲宽度,t为时间变量。
所述步骤1.2中,调制器输出的上变频光脉冲信号与下变频光脉冲信号的输出表达式为:
Ei=Eccos[2π(fc+f1)t]rect(t/T)+Eccos[2π(fc-f1)t]rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
其中,fc为入射光的频率,Ec为调制之后光信号的幅度。
所述步骤2.2中,解调后的信号为:
E0=AR(z)exp{j[2πf1(t-Tz)-2πfcTz]}·rect[(t-Tz)/T]
+AR(z)exp{-j[2πf1(t-Tz)+2πfcTz]}·rect[(t-nL/c-Tz)/T];
其中,j为复数单位,A为探测器响应系数,Tz为在接收端接收到待测光纤上z点的散射信号的延迟时间,R(z)为散射光幅度沿光纤的分布。
一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:包括;
正交光脉冲信号产生单元:用于产生周期性的正交光脉冲序列;
信号测试光路单元:用于将正交光脉冲序列按先后顺序注入待测光纤,采集到散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;
信号处理单元:用于从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
进一步,所述正交光脉冲信号产生单元包括窄线宽激光器、将窄线宽激光器发出的激光调制成上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的调制单元,产生移频电信号驱动调制单元的信号发生单元。
进一步,所述信号测试光路单元包括与调制单元相连接的环形器,分别与窄线宽激光器和环形器的3端口相连接的90°光学混频器,与环形器的2端口相连接的测试光纤,与90°光学混频器相连接的平衡探测器,与平衡探测器相连接的数据采集卡或示波器;
所述调制单元和90°光学混频器通过1:9耦合器与窄线宽激光器,调制单元与1:9耦合器的90%端相连接,90°光学混频器与1:9耦合器的10%端相连接。
进一步,所述信号发生单元输出的两路信号的相位差为90°或者-90°、误差为正负10°;所述信号发生单元为两路输出的信号发生器;或为单路信号发生器和将单路信号发生器的单路信号转换成两路信号的90°电桥;或为单路信号发生器。
进一步,所述调制单元为I/Q调制器;或为产生上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号的强度调制器,滤出强度调制器产生的上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的光学滤波器和选择输出光学滤波器滤出的上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的光学开关。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明充分利用了测量信道的带宽,打破了单次测量时间必须大于脉冲来回时间的限制,在不增加信号测量带宽的情况下,将系统的测量速度提高了N-1倍,且不会影响接收信号的信噪比;
2、对于φ-OTDR系统,空间分辨率由脉冲宽度决定,本发明不需要改变脉冲宽度;而对于脉冲OFDR系统,空间分辨率有扫频范围决定,本发明不会改变单次测量的扫频范围,所以本发明不会降低空间分辨率;
3、本发明具有很好的通用性,适用所有的外差探测的分布式光纤传感系统,如外差探测的φ-OTDR、啁啾脉冲的OFDR系统等。
附图说明
图1是本发明的系统结构示意图;
图2是本发明产生上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光光脉冲信号的示意图;
图3是本发明中上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号的时间间隔示意图;
图4为本发明中利用正负拍频频率信号分离算法处理采集到的信号的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示,一种基于正交信号的分布式光纤传感系统,包括正交光脉冲信号产生单元:用于发出周期性重复的正交光脉冲序列;信号测试光路单元:用于将N个正交光脉冲序列按先后顺序注入待测光纤,采集散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;信号处理单元:用于从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列;所述正交光脉冲信号产生单元包括窄线宽激光器1、将窄线宽激光器1发出的激光调制成上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的调制单元3,产生移频电信号驱动调制单元3的信号发生单元6,所述调制单元3为双平行马赫-曾德尔电光调制器(即I/Q调制器),上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号的产生通过改变信号发生单元6输出的两路信号的相位差为90°或者-90°来产生,信号发生单元为两路输出的信号发生器;所述信号测试光路单元包括与I/Q调制器相连接的环形器4,与窄线宽激光器1相连的1:9耦合器2,分别与1:9耦合器2和环形器4的3端口相连接的90°光学混频器7,与环形器4的2端口相连接的待测光纤5,与90°光学混频器7相连接的平衡探测器8,与平衡探测器8相连接的数据采集卡9或示波器;信号处理单元通过正负拍频信号分离算法将上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号产生的散(反)射光信号分离,然后分别解调分离后的两个信号(正频部分和负频部分做IFFT后的信号)所包含的传感信息,并按注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
该实施例的具体构成如下:窄线宽激光器1的输出端连接1:9耦合器2的输入端,1:9耦合器2的10%端接90°光学混频器7的本振信号(LO)输入端口,90%输出端接I/Q调制器的输入端,I/Q调制器的射频端接信号发生器的两路正交信号,I/Q调制器上接有信号发生器,I/Q调制器的输出端连接环形器4的1端口,环形器4的2端口接待测光纤5,环形器4的3端口接90°光学混频器7的信号(SI)输入端口,90°光学混频器7的I/Q两路输出分别接入平衡探测器8的两个输入端口,然后通过平衡探测器8将IQ解调后的光信号转换成电信号,并通过数据采集卡9或者示波器将电信号转换成数字信号。
假设所述待测光纤长度为L,光在真空中传播的速度为c,光纤的折射率为n,上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号的重复周期为2nL/c,上变频光脉冲信号与下变频光脉冲信号之间的时间间隔是nL/c。如图3所示,图中左斜填充的矩形代表下变频光脉冲信号,右斜填充的矩形代表上变频光脉冲信号。假设探测器响应系数为A,散射光幅度沿光纤的分布为R(z),在接收端接收到光纤上z点的散射(反射)信号的延迟时间为Tz,入射光的频率为fc,调制器移频频率为f1,调制之后光信号的幅度为Ec,调制所用的射频信号幅度为VD。本发明提出的利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法及系统步骤如下:
(a)产生两路频率为f1的正交信号
产生初相为0°的两个时延为nL/c的脉冲作为同相信号(I路信号),其数学表达式为:
VIi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t)rect[(t-nL/c)/T],
同时,产生初相为-90°与90°的两个时延为nL/c的两个脉冲作为正交信号(Q路信号),其数学表达式为:
VQi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t-π/2)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t+π/2)rect[(t-nL/c)/T],
其中,rect表示矩形函数,T为脉冲宽度,t为时间变量;
(b)调制IQ两路信号为上变频光脉冲信号与下变频光脉冲信号:输出信号的数学表达式为:
Ei=Eccos[2π(fc+f1)t]rect(t/T)+Eccos[2π(fc-f1)t]rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
(c)将散射回来的传感信号光与本振光一起进行IQ解调,解调后的信号为:
(d)利用正负拍频频率信号分离算法处理采集到的信号,将上变频光脉冲和下变频光脉冲信号产生的散射光分离,分别解调分离后的两个信号所包含的传感信息,按注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列,于是在长度为L的光纤上实现了单次测量时间为nL/c的测量。上述过程如图4所示,散射信号同时包含正负拍频信号,经过正负拍频信号分离算法后,散射信号变成了正拍频信号和负拍频信号两个部分。分别对这两部分信号进行解调后,解调结果按注入光纤的顺序排列,即可得到沿光纤的传感信息。相比于传统测量系统,本系统的测量速度提高了N-1倍,在本实施例中N=2。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于,如下步骤:
步骤1、产生周期性的正交光脉冲序列;
步骤2、将正交光脉冲序列按先后顺序注入待测光纤,采集到散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;
步骤3、从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1的具体步骤如下:
步骤1.1、1:9耦合器(2)的90%端输出窄线宽激光器(1)发出的连续激光;
步骤1.2、连续激光经信号发生单元(6)产生的移频电信号驱动的调制单元(3),将连续激光调制成上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号,即产生的正交光脉冲序列。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2的具体步骤如下:
步骤2.1、环形器(4)将正交光脉冲序列注入待测光纤(5)得到散射光信号;
步骤2.2、90°光学混频器(7)将1:9耦合器(2)的10%端输出的本振光与环形器(4)输出的散射光信号进行IQ解调;
步骤2.3、将IQ解调后的信号通过平衡探测器(8)将光信号转换成电信号,并通过数据采集卡(9)或示波器转换成数字信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3的具体步骤如下:
步骤3.1、利用正负拍频信号分离算法处理采集到的数字信号,将上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号产生的散射光解调分离,具体如下:
先将采集到的数字信号通过FFT转到频域;正交信号分别为频域的正频部分和负频部分,分别取正频部分和负频部分做IFFT,即可得到正交信号的时域信号;
步骤3.2、将解调分离后的两个信号所包含的传感信息,按注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1.2中,所述信号发生单元产生两路频率为f1的正交信号,具体如下:
产生两个初相为0°,时延为nL/c的脉冲作为同相信号,即I路信号,其数学表达式为:
VIi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t)rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
同时,产生两个初相分别为90°与-90°、时延为nL/c的脉冲作为正交信号,即Q路信号,其数学表达式为:
VQi(t)=VDcos(2πf1t+π/2)rect(t/T)+VDcos(2πf1t-π/2)rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
其中,L为待测光纤长度,c为光在真空中传播的速度,n为待测光纤的折射率,nL/c为上变频光脉冲与下变频光脉冲之间的时间间隔,上变频光脉冲和下变频光脉冲的周期重复为2nL/c,f1为调制单元 移频频率,VD为调制所用的射频信号幅度,rect表示矩形函数;T为脉冲宽度,t为时间变量;
所述步骤1.2中,调制单元输出的上变频光脉冲信号与下变频光脉冲信号的输出表达式为:
Ei=Eccos[2π(fc+f1)t]rect(t/T)+Eccos[2π(fc-f1)t]rect[(t-nL/c)/T];
其中,fc为入射光的频率,Ec为调制之后光信号的幅度;
所述步骤2.2中,解调后的信号为:
E0=AR(z)exp{j[2πf1(t-Tz)-2πfcTz]}·rect[(t-Tz)/T]+AR(z)exp{-j[2πf1(t-Tz)+2πfcTz]}·rect[(t-nL/c-Tz)/T];
其中,j为复数单位,A为探测器响应系数,Tz为在接收端接收到待测光纤上z点的散射信号的延迟时间,R(z)为散射光幅度沿光纤的分布。
6.一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:包括;
正交光脉冲信号发生单元:用于产生周期性的正交光脉冲序列;
信号测试光路单元:用于将正交光脉冲序列按先后顺序注入待测光纤,采集到散射光信号,并将本振光与散射光信号解调后转换成数字信号;
信号处理单元:用于从采集到的数字信号中分别提取每个正交光脉冲的散射信息,并将其按照注入待测光纤的先后顺序进行排列。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:所述正交光脉冲信号发生单元包括窄线宽激光器(1)、将窄线宽激光器(1)发出的激光调制成上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的调制单元(3),产生移频电信号驱动调制单元(3)的信号发生单元(6)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:所述信号测试光路单元包括与调制单元(3)相连接的环形器(4),分别与窄线宽激光器(1)和环形器(4)的3端口相连接的90°光学混频器(7),与环形器(4)的2端口相连接的测试光纤(5),与90°光学混频器(7)相连接的平衡探测器(8),与平衡探测器(8)相连接的数据采集卡(9)或示波器;
所述调制单元(3)和90°光学混频器(7)通过1:9耦合器(2)与窄线宽激光器(1),调制单元(3)与1:9耦合器(2)的90%端相连接,90°光学混频器(7)与1:9耦合器(2)的10%端相连接。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:所述信号发生单元(6)输出的两路信号的相位差为90°或者-90°、误差为正负10°;所述信号发生单元(6)为两路输出的信号发生器;或为单路信号发生器和将单路信号发生器的单路信号转换成两路信号的90°电桥;或为单路信号发生器。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的一种利用正交信号提高分布式光纤传感测量速度的系统,其特征在于:所述调制单元(3)为I/Q调制器;或为产生上变频光脉冲信号和下变频光脉冲信号的强度调制器,滤出强度调制器产生的上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的光学滤波器和选择输出光学滤波器滤出的上变频光脉冲信号或下变频光脉冲信号的光学开关。
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| CN107402029A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
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