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CN107162920A - 一种r-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种r-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107162920A
CN107162920A CN201610128208.0A CN201610128208A CN107162920A CN 107162920 A CN107162920 A CN 107162920A CN 201610128208 A CN201610128208 A CN 201610128208A CN 107162920 A CN107162920 A CN 107162920A
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CN107162920B (zh
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姜鹏飞
于凯
王伟
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SHENYANG GOLD JYOUKI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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Abstract

本发明涉及医药领域,具体为一种(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法。以(R)-环氧丙烷为原料采用一锅法制备高光学纯度的(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇,该生产工艺是一种替代原来利用L-苏氨酸还原生产(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的生产新工艺。(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇是制备如抗AIDS药物泰诺福韦的重要中间体,本发明将(R)-环氧丙烷、氨气和酮加入到反应釜中反应,得到的中间体水解、浓缩、精馏提纯。从而,可以解决原料价格高、收率低、泰诺福韦的成本增加的问题。本发明明显降低生产成本,无废弃物产生,没有环境污染,实现绿色生产,原料廉价易得,步骤简单成本低,产品纯度高,适合工业化生产。

Description

一种R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体为一种(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法。
背景技术
(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇作为一类重要的合成中间体,广泛应用于制备医药和农药,手性化合物(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇是合成核苷类药物(如:抗AIDS药物泰诺福韦)的重要中间体。泰诺福韦是美国GileadSciences公司研发的核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂,是替诺福韦的前药,2001年首次之美国上市,临床主要用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,并可与其他抗逆转录病毒药物联用,而且还具有很好的抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)活性,对合并HIV/HBV感染及拉米夫定(lamivudine)耐药株有效。
目前,国内外合成R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的方法主要分为以下三种:
一、是由L-苏氨酸在2-环己烯-1-酮的作用下在聚乙二醇溶液中高温脱羧得到产品(US2005222430,US2014275569),L-苏氨酸价格便宜,但是2-环己烯-1-酮的价格昂贵,并且需要160度高温,工业化程度低;
二、环氧丙烷与氰基三甲基硅烷在手性催化剂CSA作用下反应,然后利用Pd/c还原得到产品(Journal of the American Chemical Society;vol.118;nb.31;(1996);p.7420-7421),这个合成方法原料成本高,中间体叠氮化合物危险性高,难提纯;
三、利用酒石酸的衍生物进行拆分(JP 2011079782),拆分收率低,并且ee值只能达到98%。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇合成原料危险性大、生产投资大,产品不易提纯的不足,本发明提供了一种原料易得、成本低、产品易提纯的(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,按重量份数计,室温将100~400份酮和0.5~2份催化剂加入到三口瓶中,通入30~40份氨气搅拌2~12h;将55~65份手性环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2~12h;降温减压蒸馏过量酮,得到粗品直接加500~1000份盐酸水解,室温搅拌0.5~6h,加氢氧化钠水溶液调pH=9~11,减压蒸馏滤液,精馏得产品;
R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
一种R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,按重量份数计,室温将100~400份酮和0.5~2份催化剂加入到三口瓶中,通入30~40份氨气搅拌2~12h;将55~65份手性环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2~12h;降温减压蒸馏过量酮,得到粗品直接加500~1000份盐酸水解,室温搅拌0.5~6h,加氢氧化钠水溶液调pH=9~11,减压蒸馏滤液,经精馏得产品;
R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
其中,R1=R2=甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基或萘基;或者,R1=甲基,R2=乙基、丙基、丁基;或者,R1=乙基,R2=丙基、丁基。
所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,催化剂为甲酸、乙酸、甲磺酸、草酸、三氯乙酸或三氟乙酸。
所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,盐酸浓度为4~36wt%。
所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为5~50wt%。
所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,手性环氧丙烷为(R)-(+)-1,2-环氧丙烷。
所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,酮为环己酮、烷基酮、丙酮或丁酮。
本发明的优点及有益效果是:
1、本发明以(R)-环氧丙烷为原料采用一锅法制备高光学纯度的(R)-1-氨基-2丙醇,该生产工艺是一种替代原来利用L-苏氨酸还原生产(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的生产新工艺。(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇是制备如抗AIDS药物泰诺福韦的重要中间体,本发明将(R)-环氧丙烷、氨气和酮加入到反应釜中反应,得到的中间体水解、浓缩、精馏提纯。
2、本发明明显降低生产成本,无废弃物产生,没有环境污染,实现绿色生产,原料廉价易得,步骤简单成本低,产品纯度高,适合工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中化合物的1H NMR图。
图2a-图2b为实施例1中化合物GC图(图2a)和分析结果表(图2b)。
图3为实施例1中化合物红外图;其中,横坐标wavenumber为波数(cm-1),纵坐标transmittance为透过率(%)。
具体实施方式
在具体实施过程中,本发明(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将酮、氨气和少量催化剂加入到反应瓶中,加热升温,反应2~12h,滴加手性环氧丙烷,反应2~12h,降温减压蒸馏出过量酮。然后加入1N~12N的酸(N为当量浓度),搅拌0.5~6h,然后利用氢氧化钠调pH=9~11,利用水泵减压蒸馏滤液,经过精馏制备高纯度的产品,其含量大于99wt%。
下面,通过实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
其中,R1=R2=甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基或萘基。
室温将290g丙酮和1g冰醋酸加入到三口瓶中,通入35g氨气搅拌4h,将58g(R)-(+)-1,2-环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2h,降温减压蒸馏过量丙酮,得到粗品直接加800g稀盐酸(稀盐酸浓度为5wt%)水解,室温搅拌30min,加氢氧化钠水溶液(氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为10wt%)调pH=10,减压蒸馏滤液,经精馏得产品56g,收率74.66%。经气相色谱法检测,(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的含量>99wt%。
如图1所示,本实施例(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇核磁共振的谱系如下:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.44-3.47(m,1H),2.39-2.42(dd,1H),2.33-2.36(dd,1H),0.97-0.98(d,1H),这些数据说明本实施例制得的(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇结构是正确的。
如图2a-图2b所示,本实施例(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇气相谱图如下:RT=3.316,(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的含量:99.99wt%。
如图3所示,根据化合物红外图可以看出:IR(cm-1):3360(vs),3298(vs),2966(vs),2928(vs),2867(vs),1597(s),1458(s),1374(s),1334(m),1190(m),1137(s),1064(s),968(s),919(s),821(m),512(w)),481(w)。
实施例2
本实施例(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
其中,R1=甲基,R2=乙基、丙基、丁基;或者,R1=乙基,R2=丙基、丁基。
室温将360g丁酮和1g冰醋酸加入到三口瓶中,通入35g氨气搅拌4h,将58g(R)-(+)-1,2-环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2h,降温减压蒸馏过量丁酮,得到粗品直接加800g稀盐酸(稀盐酸浓度为5wt%)水解,室温搅拌30min,加氢氧化钠水溶液(氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为10wt%)调pH=10,减压蒸馏滤液,经精馏得产品52.12g,收率69.49%。经气相色谱法检测,(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的含量>99wt%。
实施例3
本实施例(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
室温将294g环己酮和1g冰醋酸加入到三口瓶中,通入35g氨气搅拌4h,将58g(R)-(+)-1,2-环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2h,降温减压蒸馏过量环己酮,得到粗品直接加800g稀盐酸(稀盐酸浓度为5wt%)水解,室温搅拌30min,加氢氧化钠水溶液(氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为10wt%)调pH=10,减压蒸馏滤液,精馏得产品61.28g,收率81.70%。经气相色谱法检测,(R)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的含量>99wt%。

Claims (7)

1.一种R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量份数计,室温将100~400份酮和0.5~2份催化剂加入到三口瓶中,通入30~40份氨气搅拌2~12h;将55~65份手性环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2~12h;降温减压蒸馏过量酮,得到粗品直接加500~1000份盐酸水解,室温搅拌0.5~6h,加氢氧化钠水溶液调pH=9~11,减压蒸馏滤液,精馏得产品;
R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
2.一种R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量份数计,室温将100~400份酮和0.5~2份催化剂加入到三口瓶中,通入30~40份氨气搅拌2~12h;将55~65份手性环氧丙烷滴加到反应瓶中,滴毕,加热回流,反应2~12h;降温减压蒸馏过量酮,得到粗品直接加500~1000份盐酸水解,室温搅拌0.5~6h,加氢氧化钠水溶液调pH=9~11,减压蒸馏滤液,经精馏得产品;
R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的合成路线如下:
其中,R1=R2=甲基、乙基、丙基、苯基或萘基;或者,R1=甲基,R2=乙基、丙基、丁基;或者,R1=乙基,R2=丙基、丁基。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,催化剂为甲酸、乙酸、甲磺酸、草酸、三氯乙酸或三氟乙酸。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,盐酸浓度为4~36wt%。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为5~50wt%。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,手性环氧丙烷为(R)-(+)-1,2-环氧丙烷。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的R-1-氨基-2-丙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,酮为环己酮、烷基酮、丙酮或丁酮。
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WO2023197968A1 (zh) * 2022-04-11 2023-10-19 元素驱动(杭州)生物科技有限公司 一种异丙醇胺的制备方法

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