CN1064070C - 充填入氢氟碳系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂 - Google Patents
充填入氢氟碳系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
不分解替代氟里昂,而使氢氟碳系列冷冻剂循环回路中水分浓度降低。
氢氟碳系列冷冻循环组合物是钠含量在6(W)%以上,钾含量在5(W)%以上,而且钠钾合计总量为13-20(W)%的钠·钾A型沸石。
Description
本发明是关于充填入氢氟系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂。
含有二氯二氟乙烷(CFCl2)、一氯二氟甲烷(HCFC22)或含有作为HCFC22和CFC115的共沸混合物的R-502等氯的复合制剂(氟里昂)对臭氧层产生破坏作用,作为制冷剂不能再使用了。为此,人们正在研究一种对臭氧层不会产生破坏影响的替代氟里昂的制冷剂(称替代氟里昂)研究使用二氟甲烷(HFC32)、五氟乙烷(HFC125)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC134a)、1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HFC143a)和1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC152a)等氢氟碳系制冷剂。与此同时,使用这种氢氟碳系制冷剂的冷冻装置,也需要及早开发研制。
由蒸发、压缩、冷凝、膨胀四个功能的冷冻循环组装成的冷冻装置以空调机和电冰箱为代表。在冷冻循环中,制冷剂在规定的回路中,从液体到气体,从气体到液体反复变化进行循环。
冷冻装置中设置压缩制冷剂的压缩机构,为了使压缩机构压缩动作顺利和防止压缩机构的摩损,使冷冻机油和制冷剂一起在规定的回路中进行循环。因此,要求冷冻机油具有和制冷剂的相溶性是必要的。但是,由于上述的替代氟里昂,对以往的冷冻机油的矿物几乎不溶解,所以试使用对氢氟碳系制冷剂具有溶解性的多元醇酯系油和聚醚系油等冷冻机油,除此之外,还有聚亚烷醇油和聚烷基苯系油。
在冷冻装置中,为了降低制冷剂在其内循环的循环回路内的水分含量,在制冷剂循环回路中设置充填干燥剂的干燥器、在制冷剂中含二氯二氟乙烷,R-502和二氟甲烷、冷冻机油的场合,使用了所谓钠A型钠沸石的干燥剂。
上述替代氟里昂和适于这种替代氟里昂的聚酯系油和聚醚系油等冷冻机油都具有很高的吸水性,存在制冷剂循环回路内混入大量水份的情况。由于当混入了水分,可以予想在毛细管内结冰、制冷剂,冷冻机油加水分解,因循环回路内产生酸成分而使材料恶化,产生污染物质等现象,所以在使用替代氟里昂和适宜于这种替代氟里昂的聚酯和聚醚系油的冷冻装置中,除去水分成为重量的课题。
但是,为了降低使用替代氟里昂的冷冻装置水分含量,存在当使用传统的钠A型沸石时,会引起HFC32单体或HFC32混合氟里昂的分解,同时A型沸石也受到影响,不能有效地除去水分等问题。
一般讲,A型沸石是非天然纯合成沸石、具有与简单分子大小接近的细孔径,只能吸附比这细孔径小的分子的特征。此称为分子筛。分子筛的细孔径因其位于最大氧环附近的金属离子(Na,K,Ca等)制约细孔的一部分,当因离子交换引起金属离子数量和位置变化或离子半径变化时,伴随这种变化使细孔径发生变化。
在A型沸石中,分子筛的细孔径约为4埃,沸石中的阳离子是以钠为主的钠4A型,(Na的离子半径(理论半径:1.16埃))、分子筛的细孔径约为3埃,沸石中的阳离子是以钾(K(理论半径:1.52埃))为主的钾3A型。
当比较氢氟碳和水的理论分子直径时,在氢氟碳之中,理论分子直径最小的有二氟甲烷3埃,水为2.8埃。因此,作为在氢氟碳系的冷冻循环组合物中,用作干燥剂、考虑最好是钾A型沸石。
然而,将钾A型沸石用于氢氟碳系制冷剂中作为干燥剂,未必能获得好的结果。
本发明正是针对这样的课题,目的在于提供一种既不会使替代氟里昂分解,又能降低制冷剂循环回路中水分,同时又不会对滑动机构部产生恶劣影响的充填入氢氟碳系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂。
本发明充填入氢氟碳系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂,使用钠钾A型沸石作干燥剂来降低冷冻装置中氢氟碳系制冷剂循环回路中组合物的水份含量,其中钠重量含量在6%以上,钾重量含量在5%以上,而且,钠和钾的合计重量含量为13-20%。
另外,其特征是利用固体粉末气体吸附法测定二氟甲烷的吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂。当这个吸附量超过2.77时,所不希望看到的二氟甲烷很容易发生分解。
有关本发明的氢氟系制冷剂是由碳、氟、氢所形成的化合物,可以说是替代传统的制冷剂二氯二氟乙烷、一氯二氟甲烷的制冷剂。例如可以列出二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷、1,1-二氟乙烷等。这些氢氟碳可以单独使用,也可以以2种以上的混合来使用。在这些制冷剂之中,理想的是分子直径小的氢氟碳,特别是至少含有二氟甲烷的氢氟碳最令人满意。作为理想的氢氟碳制冷剂,可以举出单独的二氟甲烷、或者由二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷、丙烷组成的混合物。
进而,在采用本发明物质的具有由压缩、冷凝、膨胀、蒸发制冷剂工序所形成密闭冷冻循环的冷冻装置中,其特点在于制冷剂是氢氟碳系制冷剂,干燥剂是利用固体粉末吸附气体法测定的二氟甲烷吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂。
采用本发明物质的冷冻装置通过使用利用固体粉末吸附气体法测定二氟甲烷吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂,由于它不吸附制冷剂循环回路内的制冷剂,只吸附除去水分,所以能够抑制在毛细管中结冰、制冷剂冷冻机油加水分解,在制冷剂循环回路内产生酸成分,而使材料恶化、产生污染物等现象。作为本发明的冷冻装置可以举出电冰箱、空调机、商品陈列柜、车载冰箱、自动售货机等。
再者,有关本发明的冷冻油,如果是具有和氢氟碳系制冷剂相溶性的,均可使用。作为好的冷冻油,可举出多元醇酯系油、聚醚系油、氟系油、聚亚烷基二醇等。也可以使用相溶性低的烷基苯系油和矿物油。
沸石中金属离子(阳离子:Na,K,Ca等)有位于与分子筛的功能不相关的位置部分与存在于对分子筛的功能产生影响的细孔部分,考虑因后者的金属离子种类可引起细孔径的变化。
有关本发明的钠·钾A型沸石,考虑能用K离子交换对分子筛的作用产生影响的Na离子。因此,具有和钾A型沸石同等以下的细径可考虑。因此,能不吸附制冷剂循环回路内的制冷剂,只吸附去除水分。另外,由于难以引起吸附,也就难以引起二氟甲烷的热分解。其结果,可抑制冷冻装置构成材料的恶化,污染物的产生等。
对附图的简单说明。
图1为冷冻装置示意图。
实施例1
在用钾对由硅铝酸钠所形成纯合成沸石中的钠的一部分进行离子交换所获得的钠·钾A型沸石中,沸石中的钠(Na)重量含量在7.9%以上,钾的重量含量为6.5%,钠钾合计重量含量为14.4%。对这种钠·钾A型沸石(试料C)利用固体粉末吸附气体法(Mc Bain法)则定二氟甲烷的吸附量。该料C的钠·钾A型沸石,由于仅是对分子筛产生影响的钠(Na)进行钾置换,所以具有和试料B同等孔径的3A型。
在表1中同时列出了作为比较例的钠A型沸石(4A型)(试料A)和钾A型沸石((3A型)(试料B)的测定结果。在表1中也记载了试料A和试料B沸石中的钠重量含量,钾重量含量和钠钾合计总量。
表1
| 试料名 | Na(wt%) | K(wt%) | Na+K(wt%) | 二氟甲烷吸附量(wt%) |
| A:4A型 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 11.9 | 14.80 |
| B:3A型(Krich) | 4.2 | 10.0 | 14.2 | 2.77 |
| C:Na·K-A型 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 14.4 | 0.28 |
从表1的结果可知钠·钾A型沸石对二氟甲烷的吸附量大幅度减少。这种情况表示与本发明的钠·钾A型沸石仅对水很容易吸附。
另外,用以下试验方法测定上述各沸石试料的破坏强度和磨损率。
破坏强度是测定压缩强度、磨损率只通过涂料振动筛法,求出减少的重量比率。其结果示于表2。如表2所示,钠·钾A型沸石的平均破坏强度很高,磨损率很低。这种情况表明在制冷剂循环回路内,干燥剂难以引起破坏,也难以产生微细粉末。
表2
| 试料名 | 平均破坏强度(Kg) | 摩损率(wt%) |
| A | 6.4 | 0.08 |
| B | 8.2 | 0.05 |
| C | 10.0 | 0.05 |
下面,对在上述试料A-C中加入钠·钾A型沸石形成的试料D,E进行用高压釜试验的二氟甲烷的热分解试验。这种试验按照下面程序进行。(1)准备15个耐压容器(240ml)。(2)为了了解各试料在60、120、175℃下的热分解状态,对同一试料使用3个耐压容器分别封入100g沸石。(3)在15个耐压容器中,每3个装有不同的试料,再分别封入10g二氟甲烷和10g酯系冷冻机油。(4)将封入各种试料A-E的耐压容器分别放入60,120,175℃的恒温槽内,经500小时的时效。(5)经过500小时后,取出试料,测定二氟甲烷的分解率。
二氟甲烷的分解率,如下式给出的那样,将与相对封入干燥剂的氟(F)离子量与二氟甲烷中氟原子量的比率以百分比表示。
制冷剂分解率(%)=(干燥剂中的氟离子量)/(封入制冷剂中的氟原子总量)×100(但是,F离子的质量=F原子量)
从表3的结果看出,使用了钠·钾A型沸石(试料C-E),与其它试料石相比,即使在175℃下,也难以引起二氟甲烷的分解。在实际的制冷循环中,由于充填了干燥剂的干燥器的使用环境温度在100℃以下,试料C-E具有优良的干燥剂功能,然而其中以试料C特别适宜。
表3
如本发明的适于氢氟碳系制冷剂的干燥剂,具有在不使HFC32分解的情况下,吸附水分,热稳定性极好,而且机械强度很强的特性。
实施例2
以冰箱为例,根据图1说明本发明的冷冻装置。图1所示的冷冻装置,具有作为压缩机构、压缩氢氟碳系制冷剂的压缩机3,被压缩的制冷剂,通过作为冷凝机构承受管4、散热管5、防结霜管6被冷凝、经过干燥器8,通过作为膨胀机构的毛细管1进行膨胀,在作为蒸发机构的蒸发器2内进行蒸发,对冰箱7内进行冷却蒸发的制冷剂返回到压缩机3,重新被压缩。
在本实施例中,作为氢氟碳系制冷剂,使用二氟甲烷/1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷,作为冷冻机油使用多元醇酯,在干燥器8内充填用固体粉末吸附气体法测得二氟甲烷吸附重量含量在1.0%以下的钠·钾A型沸石。另外,这种钠·钾A型沸石的钠重量含量为7.9%,钾重量含量为6.5%。该冰箱在25℃已运行2000小时。
运行时,压缩机3不产生异常声音,压缩机的滑动部也不发生破损。运行结束后,调查冷冻循环内毛细管道上附着分解生成物附着状况,大致看不出有生成物附着在毛细管道内。进而,将冷冻机油中的水分重量含量,和运行开始时相比,没有变化。
如上所述,本发明的氢氟碳系冷冻循环用组合物,由于使用钠·钾A型沸石或用固体粉末吸附气体法测得二氟甲烷吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂,所以能够降低氢氟碳的吸附量,且能有效吸附除去水分。此外,干燥剂在机械强度上优良。因此,在制冷剂循环回路内干燥剂难以引起破坏,由于难以产生微细粉末,所以能防止因微粉引起压缩机滑动部件的损坏。
本发明的干燥剂,特别由于二氟甲烷的吸附量少,难以产生二氟甲烷热分解,至少可在含有二氟甲烷的制冷剂中使用。
本发明的冷冻装置,由于使用氢氟碳系制冷剂作制冷剂,使用由固体粉末吸附气体法测得二氟甲烷吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂,所以在制冷剂循环回路内不产生附着物,能提供耐用性优良的冷冻装置。
Claims (4)
1.一种充填入氢氟碳系冷冻循环组合物的干燥剂,上述干燥剂是钠·钾A型沸石,其特征在于其中的钠重量含量在6%以上,钾重量含量在5%以上,而且钠·钾合计总重量含量为13-20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的干燥剂,其特征在于上述氢氟碳系制冷剂中至少含有二氟甲烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的干燥剂,其特征在于上述氢氟碳系制冷剂是单独的二氟甲烷、或者由二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷组成的混合物、二氟甲烷、五氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷、丙烷组成的混合物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的干燥剂,其特征在于上述干燥剂是利用固体粉末吸附气体法测定的二氟甲烷吸附重量含量不足2.77%的干燥剂。
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| EP0974633A4 (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2000-01-26 | Daikin Ind Ltd | COOLING DEVICE AND HYDRAULIC MEDIUM |
| US6168720B1 (en) | 1997-06-20 | 2001-01-02 | Uop Llc | Process for drying CH2F2 refrigerant utilizing zeolite |
| MY125381A (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2006-07-31 | Sanyo Electric Co | Refrigerating device utilizing carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. |
| JP2002188872A (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| CA2503421C (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2015-01-06 | Rajiv R. Singh | Compositions containing fluorine substituted olefins |
| JP2010270957A (ja) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-12-02 | Panasonic Corp | 冷凍装置 |
| FR2973809B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-08 | 2015-11-13 | Ceca Sa | Utilisation de zeolithes pour la stabilisation d'huiles |
| FR2973717B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-03-29 | Ceca Sa | Procede de reduction de l'acidite totale de compositions frigorigenes |
| CN103175361A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种便携式太阳能冰箱 |
| JP6380764B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2018-08-29 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | フッ素化炭化水素化合物の精製方法 |
| KR102257508B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-24 | 2021-05-31 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 냉각 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 냉장고 |
| KR102201629B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-26 | 2021-01-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 리니어 압축기 및 이를 포함하는 냉장고 |
| CN106833534A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-06-13 | 广东鸿美达科技有限公司 | 一种空调扇冷却剂 |
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| US3767771A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1973-10-23 | Azote & Prod Chim | Preparation of faujasite type zeolites |
| US4534947A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1985-08-13 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for direct synthesis of sodium- and potassium-containing zeolite A |
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| US5026531A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-06-25 | Uop | Silicate treatment of molecular sieve agglomerates |
| US5045295A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-09-03 | Uop | Silicate treatment of molecular sieve agglomerates |
| JPH0393880A (ja) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-04-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | テトラフルオロエタン系冷凍機用組成物 |
| EP0449406B1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1997-04-09 | Tonen Corporation | Esters as lubricants for a haloalkane refrigerant |
| JP2613526B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-04 | 1997-05-28 | 花王株式会社 | 冷凍機作動流体用組成物 |
| JP3213828B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-24 | 2001-10-02 | ユニオン昭和株式会社 | HFC−32、HFC−152a用乾燥剤 |
| US5347822A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1994-09-20 | Uop | Process for drying CH2 F2 refrigerant utilizing zeolite |
| US5425242A (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-06-20 | Uop | Process for recovery and purification of refrigerants with solid sorbents |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3767771A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1973-10-23 | Azote & Prod Chim | Preparation of faujasite type zeolites |
| US4534947A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1985-08-13 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for direct synthesis of sodium- and potassium-containing zeolite A |
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| Title |
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| 化工辞典第三版 1968.8.1 作者:王箴,化学工业出版社 * |
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| US5879581A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
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