CN106367801A - Additive manufacturing metal surface polishing and grinding method - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing metal surface polishing and grinding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106367801A CN106367801A CN201610817569.6A CN201610817569A CN106367801A CN 106367801 A CN106367801 A CN 106367801A CN 201610817569 A CN201610817569 A CN 201610817569A CN 106367801 A CN106367801 A CN 106367801A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical group OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/26—Polishing of heavy metals of refractory metals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法，包括如下步骤：S1、配制电解液：以质量分数计，将如下含量的各组分混合，碳酸盐40～50％，含碳有机物20～40％，卤化物10～15％，水10～15％，得到混合后的电解质溶液；S2、增材制造金属微弧放电：室温下将增材制造金属件放入配制的电解液中，以增材制造金属为阳极，石墨为阴极，在工作电压下，把增材制造金属件置入溶液中，处理3～5分钟，即实现金属表面抛光研磨。本发明处理方法处理速度快，时间短，且表面生物兼容性强，既能快速去除余材，又不影响表面性能。The invention discloses a metal surface polishing and grinding method for additive manufacturing, which includes the following steps: S1. Prepare electrolyte: in terms of mass fraction, mix the following components: 40% to 50% of carbonate, 20% of carbon-containing organic matter ～40%, halide 10～15%, water 10～15%, to obtain the mixed electrolyte solution; S2, additive manufacturing metal micro-arc discharge: put the additive manufacturing metal parts into the prepared electrolyte at room temperature, Using the additive manufacturing metal as the anode and graphite as the cathode, under the working voltage, put the additive manufacturing metal parts into the solution, and process for 3 to 5 minutes to realize the polishing and grinding of the metal surface. The treatment method of the invention has fast treatment speed and short time, and has strong surface biocompatibility, and can quickly remove residual materials without affecting surface properties.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于表面处理技术领域，具体涉及一种增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment, and in particular relates to a metal surface polishing and grinding method for additive manufacturing.
背景技术Background technique
金属抛光可以使工件表面更加光滑和明亮。常用的抛光工艺包括机械抛光、超声波抛光、离子束抛光和化学抛光等，而激光抛光是一种新型的非接触式金属表面处理工艺，可以克服机械和电化学抛光存在的缺点。然而，对于激光抛光技术目前仍存在技术难题：即增材制造金属材料没有考虑使用不同的金属合金粉末对增材制造金属产品表面粗糙度的影响；在金属制品的激光抛光过程中，尚未开发一种有效的氧化预防控制机制；对于具有内部结构的增材制造金属产品，尚未研究有效的激光抛光工艺方法。同时，激光抛光存在处理时间长，操作条件差，需要后续加工，成本较高等限制。中国专利文献CN201410315813.X公开了一种增材制造金属件表面多重激光抛光及强化方法，但激光抛光方法利用率低，成本较高，而且容易导致工件的精度降低。Metal polishing can make the surface of the workpiece smoother and brighter. Commonly used polishing processes include mechanical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, ion beam polishing, and chemical polishing. Laser polishing is a new type of non-contact metal surface treatment process that can overcome the shortcomings of mechanical and electrochemical polishing. However, there are still technical difficulties in laser polishing technology: that is, the influence of different metal alloy powders on the surface roughness of additively manufactured metal products has not been considered for additively manufactured metal materials; An effective oxidation prevention and control mechanism; for additively manufactured metal products with internal structures, no effective laser polishing process method has been studied. At the same time, laser polishing has limitations such as long processing time, poor operating conditions, need for subsequent processing, and high cost. Chinese patent document CN201410315813.X discloses a method for multiple laser polishing and strengthening of the surface of metal parts for additive manufacturing, but the utilization rate of the laser polishing method is low, the cost is high, and the precision of the workpiece is likely to be reduced.
因此，本领域技术人员旨在提供一种降低成本，提高抛光效率与精度的增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法。Therefore, those skilled in the art aim to provide a metal surface polishing and grinding method for additive manufacturing that reduces costs and improves polishing efficiency and precision.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术中的不足，本发明提供了一种既能快速去除余材，又不影响表面性能的增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法。该方法中，增材制造金属表面因尖端放电形成微弧，在特定的电解液中，以增材制造金属为阳极，惰性材料为阴极，在阴阳极之间施加特定的电压，控制电场使电解液与增材制造金属工件产生微弧放电，通过氧化使尖端形成氧化物而溶解在溶液中，从而保证了工件尺寸精度，达到了降低成本，提高效率的目的。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art above, the present invention provides a metal surface polishing and grinding method for additive manufacturing that can quickly remove excess material without affecting surface properties. In this method, a micro-arc is formed on the surface of the additively manufactured metal due to tip discharge. In a specific electrolyte, the additively manufactured metal is used as the anode and the inert material is used as the cathode. A specific voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode to control the electric field to make electrolysis Liquid and additive manufacturing metal workpieces produce micro-arc discharges, and the tips form oxides through oxidation and dissolve in the solution, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the workpieces, achieving the purpose of reducing costs and improving efficiency.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法，包括如下步骤：A method for polishing and grinding metal surfaces for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
S1、配制电解液：以质量分数计，将如下含量的各组分混合，碳酸盐40～50％，含碳有机物20～40％，卤化物10～15％，水10～15％，得到混合后的电解质溶液；S1. Preparation of electrolyte: in terms of mass fraction, mix the following components, 40-50% of carbonate, 20-40% of carbon-containing organic matter, 10-15% of halide, and 10-15% of water, to obtain Mixed electrolyte solution;
S2、增材制造金属微弧放电：室温下，将增材制造金属件放入配制的电解液中，以增材制造金属为阳极，石墨为阴极，在工作电压下，把增材制造金属件置入溶液中，处理3～5分钟，即实现金属表面抛光研磨。S2. Additive manufacturing metal micro-arc discharge: At room temperature, put the additive manufacturing metal parts into the prepared electrolyte, use the additive manufacturing metal as the anode, graphite as the cathode, and under the working voltage, put the additive manufacturing metal parts Put it into the solution and treat it for 3 to 5 minutes to realize the polishing and grinding of the metal surface.
优选的，所述的碳酸盐为碳酸钠或碳酸钾。Preferably, the carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
优选的，所述的含碳有机物为三乙醇胺或甘油。Preferably, the carbon-containing organic substance is triethanolamine or glycerin.
优选的，所述的卤化物为氯化钠或氯化钾。Preferably, the halide is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
优选的，所述的水为蒸馏水或去离子水。Preferably, the water is distilled water or deionized water.
优选的，步骤S2中，工作电压为350V～500V。Preferably, in step S2, the working voltage is 350V-500V.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明方法是以增材制造金属为阳极，惰性材料为阴极，在电压达到特定值后，将待处理的增材制造金属置入电解质处理液中，利用电场高压在尖端产生微弧，通过氧化去除余材。该处理方法处理速度5～10微米/秒，时间3～5分钟，既能快速去除余材，又能降低表面粗糙度在微米以下。1) In the method of the present invention, the additive manufacturing metal is used as the anode and the inert material is the cathode. After the voltage reaches a specific value, the additive manufacturing metal to be treated is placed in the electrolyte treatment solution, and the high voltage of the electric field is used to generate a micro-arc at the tip. Residual material is removed by oxidation. The processing speed of the treatment method is 5-10 microns/second, and the time is 3-5 minutes, which can not only quickly remove the residual material, but also reduce the surface roughness below a micron.
2)本发明处理后工件无变形，无需后处理，降低了成本。2) The workpiece is not deformed after being processed by the present invention, and post-processing is not required, which reduces the cost.
3)本发明采用的增材制造金属表面抛光研磨微弧放电电解液，在室温下进行抛光即可，不仅处理速度快，时间短，简化了处理工序，很好地降低了成本，且其适合几乎所有的增材制造金属工件。3) The metal surface polishing and grinding micro-arc discharge electrolyte used in the present invention can be polished at room temperature. Not only the processing speed is fast, the time is short, the processing procedure is simplified, and the cost is well reduced, and it is suitable for Almost all additively manufactured metal workpieces.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
一种增材制造金属表面抛光研磨方法，包括如下步骤：A method for polishing and grinding metal surfaces for additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
S1、配制电解液：以质量分数计，将如下含量的各组分混合，碳酸盐40～50％，含碳有机物20～40％，卤化物10～15％，水10～15％，得到混合后的电解质溶液；S1. Preparation of electrolyte: in terms of mass fraction, mix the following components, 40-50% of carbonate, 20-40% of carbon-containing organic matter, 10-15% of halide, and 10-15% of water, to obtain Mixed electrolyte solution;
S2、增材制造金属微弧放电：室温下，将增材制造金属件放入配制的电解液中，以增材制造金属为阳极，石墨为阴极，在工作电压350V～500V下，把增材制造金属件置入溶液中，处理3～5分钟，即实现金属表面抛光研磨。S2. Additive manufacturing metal micro-arc discharge: At room temperature, put the additive manufacturing metal parts into the prepared electrolyte, use the additive manufacturing metal as the anode, and graphite as the cathode. The manufactured metal parts are placed in the solution and treated for 3 to 5 minutes to realize the polishing and grinding of the metal surface.
其中，所述的碳酸盐为碳酸钠或碳酸钾，所述的含碳有机物为三乙醇胺或甘油，所述的卤化物为氯化钠或氯化钾，所述的水为蒸馏水或去离子水。Wherein, the carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, the carbon-containing organic substance is triethanolamine or glycerin, the halide is sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and the water is distilled water or deionized water.
实施例1Example 1
首先在一个1L槽中取2/3体积的蒸馏水，依次溶解3500g三乙醇胺和4000g碳酸钾，等槽中试剂全部溶解之后，将1500g氯化钠在快速搅拌下倒入槽液中，直至完全混合均匀，最后加水至1L，得到电解液；将增材制造Ti-6Al-4V件放入配制的溶液中，以增材制造Ti-6Al-4V为阳极，石墨为阴极，电压升至350V后把增材制造Ti-6Al-4V件置入溶液中，处理3至5分钟，即实现表面抛光研磨，表面粗糙度在10～500纳米范围。First, take 2/3 volume of distilled water in a 1L tank, dissolve 3500g of triethanolamine and 4000g of potassium carbonate in turn, and after all the reagents in the tank are dissolved, pour 1500g of sodium chloride into the tank under rapid stirring until completely mixed Evenly, finally add water to 1L to obtain electrolyte; put the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts into the prepared solution, use the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V as the anode, and graphite as the cathode. After the voltage rises to 350V, the Additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts are placed in the solution and treated for 3 to 5 minutes to achieve surface polishing and grinding, and the surface roughness is in the range of 10 to 500 nanometers.
实施例2Example 2
首先在一个1L槽中取2/3体积的去离子水，依次溶解的3000g甘油和5000g碳酸钠，等槽中试剂全部溶解之后，将1000g氯化钾在快速搅拌下倒入槽液中，直至完全混合均匀，最后加水至1L得到电解液；将增材制造W60Ni40件放入配制的溶液中，以增材制造W60Ni40为阳极，石墨为阴极，电压升至380V后把增材制造W60Ni40件置入溶液中，处理3至5分钟，即实现表面抛光研磨，表面粗糙度在10～500纳米范围。First, take 2/3 volume of deionized water in a 1L tank, dissolve 3000g glycerin and 5000g sodium carbonate in turn, after all the reagents in the tank are dissolved, pour 1000g potassium chloride into the tank under rapid stirring until Completely mix evenly, and finally add water to 1L to obtain an electrolyte; put the additively manufactured W60Ni40 pieces into the prepared solution, use the additively manufactured W60Ni40 as the anode, and graphite as the cathode. After the voltage rises to 380V, put the additively manufactured W60Ni40 pieces into the The solution is treated for 3 to 5 minutes to realize surface polishing and grinding, and the surface roughness is in the range of 10 to 500 nanometers.
实施例3Example 3
首先在一个1.5L槽中取2/3的蒸馏水，依次溶解3500g三乙醇胺和4x000g碳酸钠，等槽中试剂全部溶解之后，将1000g氯化钠在快速搅拌下倒入槽液中，直至完全混合均匀，最后加水至1.5L得到电解液；将增材制造316L不锈钢件放入配制的溶液中，以增材制造316L为阳极，石墨为阴极，电压升至500V后把增材制造316L件置入溶液中，处理3至5分钟，即实现表面抛光研磨，表面粗糙度在10～500纳米范围。First, take 2/3 of distilled water in a 1.5L tank, dissolve 3500g triethanolamine and 4x000g sodium carbonate in turn, after all the reagents in the tank are dissolved, pour 1000g sodium chloride into the tank solution under rapid stirring until completely mixed Evenly, finally add water to 1.5L to get the electrolyte; put the additively manufactured 316L stainless steel parts into the prepared solution, use the additively manufactured 316L as the anode, graphite as the cathode, and put the additively manufactured 316L parts into the The solution is treated for 3 to 5 minutes to realize surface polishing and grinding, and the surface roughness is in the range of 10 to 500 nanometers.
实施例4Example 4
首先在一个1L槽中取2/3体积的去离子水，依次溶解的4000g甘油和4000g碳酸钠，等槽中试剂全部溶解之后，将1000g氯化钾在快速搅拌下倒入槽液中，直至完全混合均匀，最后加水至1L得到电解液；将增材制造W60Ni40件放入配制的溶液中，以增材制造W60Ni40为阳极，石墨为阴极，电压升至380V后把增材制造W60Ni40件置入溶液中，处理3分钟，即实现表面抛光研磨，表面粗糙度在10～500纳米范围。First, take 2/3 volume of deionized water in a 1L tank, dissolve 4000g glycerin and 4000g sodium carbonate in turn, after all the reagents in the tank are dissolved, pour 1000g potassium chloride into the tank under rapid stirring until Completely mix evenly, and finally add water to 1L to obtain an electrolyte; put the additively manufactured W60Ni40 pieces into the prepared solution, use the additively manufactured W60Ni40 as the anode, and graphite as the cathode. After the voltage rises to 380V, put the additively manufactured W60Ni40 pieces into the The solution is treated for 3 minutes to realize surface polishing and grinding, and the surface roughness is in the range of 10-500 nanometers.
实施例5Example 5
首先在一个1.5L槽中取2/3体积的去离子水，依次溶解的2000g甘油和5000g碳酸钠，等槽中试剂全部溶解之后，将1500g氯化钾在快速搅拌下倒入槽液中，直至完全混合均匀，最后加水至1.5L得到电解液；将增材制造316L不锈钢件放入配制的溶液中，以增材制造316L为阳极，石墨为阴极，电压升至500V后把增材制造316L件置入溶液中，处理5分钟，即实现表面抛光研磨，表面粗糙度在10～500纳米范围。First, take 2/3 volume of deionized water in a 1.5L tank, dissolve 2000g of glycerin and 5000g of sodium carbonate in turn, after all the reagents in the tank are dissolved, pour 1500g of potassium chloride into the tank under rapid stirring, Until it is completely mixed, finally add water to 1.5L to obtain an electrolyte; put the additively manufactured 316L stainless steel parts into the prepared solution, use the additively manufactured 316L as the anode, and graphite as the cathode, and then increase the voltage to 500V and add the additively manufactured 316L The parts are placed in the solution and treated for 5 minutes to realize surface polishing and grinding, and the surface roughness is in the range of 10-500 nanometers.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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