CN1062572C - 生产丙烯聚合物薄膜的方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
- C08F297/083—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene
- C08F297/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene the block polymer contains at least three blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用下述的混相丙烯聚合物组合物制备薄膜的方法和由该法得到的薄膜:(A)10-60重量份均聚聚丙烯,其全同立构指数大于90;(B)10-40重量份主要含乙烯的共聚物,其于室温不溶于二甲苯;(C)30-60重量份一种非晶形乙烯-丙烯共聚物,该共聚物于室温可溶于二甲苯,含乙烯40-70%(重量)。
Description
本发明涉及应用混相丙烯聚合物组合物制造薄膜的方法及由其获得的薄膜。
已知丙烯均聚物和共聚物易于制成薄膜和压延加工,因此可得到具优等机械性质的薄膜和层合物,特别是具优良刚性和很好的化学惰性。
然而,这些产品的缺点是抗冲击性不佳,特别是低温时该性能不佳。为克服此缺点,曾提出将聚乙烯与丙烯聚合物相混合,如GB1139889所披露,是使用聚丙烯/LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)的混合物,以得到更好抗冲击性的薄膜。
目前的要求是聚丙烯薄膜和层合物不仅应有优良抗冲击性,还应有良好弹性和柔软性。目前由丙烯的结晶聚合物与由序列有规立构聚合法所得弹性烯烃共聚物所成的混相混合物,在聚丙烯行业中占据了地位。这类产品在弹性和机械强度方面达到满意的折衷,并且用热塑材料常用的设备和方法很容易加工成制品。但是,当将上述的混相组合物制成薄膜或压延加工时,遇到多方面困难。这主要是由于形成“鱼眼”,薄膜和层合物在加工时发生撕裂,或形成粗糙表面。
所有这些缺点都使制造过程发生困难,甚致使人们对使用这种材料的兴趣下降。
申请人业已发现,将如下组成的混相丙烯聚合物组合物制成膜或压延, 容易制成具有弹性和良好柔软性的聚烯烃薄膜和层合物:
(A)10-60重量份,优选为20-50重量份的均聚聚丙烯,其全同立构指数大于90,优选为95-98;或是丙烯与乙烯和(或)其它α-烯如丁烯或4-甲基-1-戊烯的一种结晶共聚物,其中含丙烯超过85%(重量),其全同立构指数大于85;
(B)10-40重量份的主要含乙烯的一种共聚物,其于室温不溶于二甲苯;
(C)30-60重量份,优选30-50重量份的一种非晶形乙烯-丙烯共聚物,其中任选含有少量(优选为1-10%,重量)的二烯,该共聚物于室温可溶于二甲苯,含乙烯40-70%(重量)。
所述丙烯聚合物组合物中,室温下可溶于二甲苯的部分在135℃的四氢萘中的特性粘度,对室温下不溶于二甲苯部分在135℃的四氢萘中的特性粘度之比率为0.8至1.2。
适用于制膜和压延的方法是本技术领域已知的方法。
压延优选用于制造厚度至少为100微米的片料,而对于制造厚度小于100微米的薄膜,优选采用挤坯吹塑法,挤出流铸法或挤出双向拉伸法。
本发明方法所用的混相聚合物组合物是应用高度有规立构性齐格勒-纳塔催化剂以二段或多段进行序列聚合而制备。在第一聚合阶段形成组分(A),最好用液体单体;在其后的阶段,在第一阶段所形成的组分(A)存在下,形成组分(B)和(C)。通常组分(B)是半结晶形基本上线性的共聚物。
具体可使用这样的催化剂,该催化剂包括由含有钛原子上键接至少一个卤素原子的钛化合物和载于氯化镁上的电子给予体化合物(内部给予体)的固体组分与一种三烷基铝化合物和一种电子给予体(外部给予体)进行反应的产物。所用优选钛化合物是TiCl4。所述内部给予体优选选自邻苯二甲酸的烷基酯、环烷基酯和芳基酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、二正丁酯、二正辛酯。
所述外部给予体优选选自含有一个或多个-OR基团的硅化合物,其中R是一个烃基。具体实例有二苯基二甲氧基甲硅烷、二环己基二甲氧基甲硅烷、甲基叔丁基二甲氧基甲硅烷、二异丙基二甲氧基甲硅烷、戊基三乙氧基甲硅烷。
适用于制备上述混相聚丙烯组合物的催化剂实例和聚合方法见之于EP-A-0400333。
为了能得到如上述没有“鱼眼”并具有合格弹性及机械性质的薄膜和层合物,在所用的混相组合物中,室温可溶于二甲苯部分与室温不溶于二甲苯部分其于135℃在四氢萘中的特性粘度比率(后文中称之为“粘度比”)应保持在狭窄的0.8至1.2范围,优选为1左右。
能在所述范围内,即可以高的制膜或压延速率操作,并可避免片料粘附在辊筒上的不便。
此外,组分(B)的存在量至少为10重量份时,可使所制的膜和层合物在弯曲时不发白。
若混相组合物的粘度比大于1.2,可应用于共挤压流铸或吹塑,只要不把它们用作为用此等方法所制层合膜中的底膜层即可。
本发明方法的特征在于有很广的伸缩灵活性,亦即为了改变成品的物理和化学性质而可修改所用混相组合物的配方。
具体讲,可以作到:
·加入无机和有机填充料,可以加入很多量;
·加入增塑剂和增量剂,例如矿物油和天然油类;
·加入使成品具自熄性质的化合物。
由本发明方法所制的薄膜和层合物构成本发明的另一目的,这些产品具有有价值的性质,适用于那些迄今为止不能使用烯烃聚合物的用途,或用于那些迄今为止性能不完全满意的用途。
具体讲,本发明的薄膜或层合物具以下性质:
(1)屈挠模量较小,因此它们具柔软性和回弹性。此外,其模量数值例如与PVC为主料的组合物相比对温度不甚敏感。因此,它们的可使用温度范围很宽,由-60℃至120℃。
(2)有丝质的触感,特别受欢迎。
(3)对氧和水蒸汽透气性高。
(4)抗冲击性优,在低于0℃很多度仍很好。
(5)可以在120℃灭菌处理。
(6)可以在135°至150℃用热法互相焊接,或与聚乙烯或聚丙烯焊接。
还可以将上述混相组合物与LDPE或LLDPE(线性低密度聚乙烯)混合,一般可在20-40%范围内混合,从而使热焊接温度降低到约100℃,同时仍保持良好机槭性质。
本发明的薄膜和层合物可以进行一系列后加工工序,例如:
·表面压花,即将其表热至约150℃并在压花辊上压制而成;
·印刷,先将表面经氧化处理(例如用火焰)或离子化处理(例如电晕放电处理)使之对油墨敏感;
·与织物或薄膜特别是聚丙烯贴合,可将该等表面加热至150-160℃,然后压制而成;
·与其他聚合物或金属材料(如铝箔)进行共挤塑;
·镀层处理(例如,在真空条件下由蒸发过程将一层铝淀积上去);
·在膜的一面或两面施加粘合剂层,从而成为粘合膜;
·热成形和制成泡罩型;
·将金属-聚合物的复合层合物拉延。
这些后处理可以在制造该膜或层合物的同一条作业线上进行,或于其后单独进行。
由以下实施例阐明但非限定本发明。
实例1
应用流铸法生产薄膜的工业设备制造薄膜,起始物料有两种,构成混相聚丙烯组合物,其特性如下:
组合物A 组合物B***
·全组合物的M.I.*
克/10分钟(230℃,2.16千克) 0.8 0.5
·C2组分总量% 41 46
·于23℃可溶于二甲苯的聚合物% 41.9 46.3
·可溶于二甲苯部分的I.V.**,
分升/克 2.78 3.56
·于23℃不溶于二甲苯的聚合物% 58.1 53.8
·不溶于二甲苯部分的I.V.,
分升/克 2.64 2.79
·粘度比 1.05 1.28
*M.I.=熔体流动指数
**I.V.=特性粘度,于135℃,四氢萘中
***对比组合物
所用设备为挤塑机,直径60毫米,长/径比(L/D)=35,平模头长度1150毫米,边沿间距0.8毫米。挤塑机温度变化为180至290℃,法兰、过滤器、瓶颈区、模头保持在300℃。
使用组合物A时,达到下列的操作条件“1”后,还可以将条件提高到条件“2”;而在使用组合物B时,不可能将条件提高到“3”以上。
条 件
1 2 3
·聚合物 A A B
·模头压力,Pa 160×105 220×105 220×105
·能耗*,安培 45 57 50
·线速度,米/分钟 21 50 8
·所制薄膜最小厚度,微米 ≤12 ≤12 45
·薄膜外观 均匀 均匀 有鱼眼
*施加到挤塑机螺杆上的能量。
实例2(对比例)
将M.I.高于实例1的组合物A和B的混相组合物C送入有三个挤塑装置的工业挤出流铸设备中,其最大膜幅宽为1700毫米,膜的最高卷取能力为300米/分钟。
组合物C的主要特性如下:
·全组合物的M.I.,克/10分钟, 7.1
(230℃,2.16千克)
·C2组分总量,% 41.8
·23℃可溶于二甲苯的聚合物,% 41.7
·可溶于二甲苯部分的I.V.,分升/克 2.1
·23℃不溶于二甲苯的聚合物,% 58.3
·不溶于二甲苯部分的I.V.,分升/克 1.55
·粘度比 1.35
模头处的挤塑温度为240℃。能够制成规则产品的最小膜厚度为40微米,并且带有鱼眼。比这个厚度再薄,开始出现不均匀性,直至所制的膜破裂。
利用该设备的共挤塑能力,制成总厚度25微米的三层薄膜,其中两个外层是由组合物C制成,厚度各4微米;内层厚17微米,是LDPE,其M.I.(190℃,2.1 6千克)为2克/10分钟。所制三层膜显现最优的均质性。此外,可以很快达到卷取速度200米/分钟。
实例3
应用DOLCI挤坯吹塑中型试验设备,其特性如下:
·挤塑机直径,45毫米;
·L/D=22;
·环形模头直径50毫米,边缘间距0.5毫米。
按序使用粒状的混相聚丙烯组合物D、E、F:组合物 D E* F*·M.I.(230℃,2.16千克),克/10分钟 0.8 6.5 15·乙烯总量,% 44 45 43·23℃可溶于二甲苯的量,% 46.2 40.6 41.8 ·二甲苯可溶部分的I.V.,分升/克 2.55 2.51 1.87·23℃不溶于二甲苯的量,% 53.8 59.0 57.2·二甲苯不溶部分的I.V.,分升/克 2.33 1.78 1.36·粘度比 1.09 1.41 1.38*对比组合物挤出吹塑的加工条件为:·螺杆温度: 190-220℃·模头温度: 200-190℃·螺杆转速: 20转/分钟·加工能力,千克/小时 5.0(组合物D)
6.2(组合物E)
5.6(组合物F)
得到以下结果:
·用组合物F时可达到的最小厚度为150微米。厚度更小则出现孔洞,不均匀,使膜泡瘪坍。当厚度较大时也见到不均匀性,膜的表面有“桔皮状”外观。此膜的触感象纸。
·用组合物E吹塑,可得最小厚度为20微米。与组合物F相比,其操作情况更正常和稳定。所得膜的手感虽然比组合物F好一些,但仍然有些象纸,并且其表面有不规则处。
·用组合物D吹塑,可得最小厚度为10微米。这是用此设备吹塑时所能达到的最小厚度。所得薄膜是均匀的,甚致厚度小于10微米也如此(这可由用手把膜拉伸200-300%所能看到的)。操作过程很正常和稳定,膜的触感象丝,令人有舒适感。
实例4
应用实验室的TM LONG薄膜拉伸机评价一些薄膜的可拉伸性,开始用尺寸5×5厘米、厚570微米的一块膜,加热至适当温度,沿两个正交方向同时拉伸,使其最终厚度成为20微米。
在此等条件下,其拉伸比为1∶6∶6。所用的混相丙烯聚合物组合物为下列的G、H、I:组合物 G H* I*·M.I.(230℃,2.16千克),克/10分钟 0.95 6.3 10·乙烯总含量,% 42.3 41.8 42.2·23℃在二甲苯中可溶物,% 45.3 43.9 44.1·二甲苯可溶物的I.V.,分升/克 2.9 2.36 2.24·23℃在二甲苯中不溶物,% 54.7 56.0 55.9·二甲苯不溶物的I.V.,分升/克 2.4 1.88 1.59·粘度比 1.2 1.26 1.40*对比组合物拉伸条件如下:组合物 G H I·拉伸温度, 150 135 150 130 150 130·预热时间,秒 30 30 15 15 15 30·拉伸压力,(×105Pa) 30 30 20 20 20 20·最高拉伸速度, 7.62 7.62 5.08 2.032 1.524 1.524厘米/秒
最高拉伸速度是薄膜发生破断时的速度。
速度3英寸/秒相当于9000%/分钟,这相当于两轴向取向聚丙烯的工业生产条件。
可以看到,只有组合物G达到这一条件,其他两种要低得多。
实例5
应用具两个互相逆转辊筒的实验室开式混炼机,对一些聚合物评价其压延能力。
所评价的是实例1的组合物A(M.I.=0.8,粘度比=1.05)和实例2的组合物C(M.I.=7.1,粘度比=1.35)。
组合物A在175℃至185℃范围表现性能良好。在此温度所得膜片为均匀的,并可稳定达30分钟,它不会降解,也不发粘,可以拉伸到极薄,甚至薄至10微米。
组合物C在同上温度立即粘在辊筒上。若将温度下降至165℃,就不粘辊,但该物料显然是不均匀的,因为其中的结晶组分未曾熔化。若将该聚合物在辊筒上加工时加热,出现膜片从不透明到透明的转折点(即结晶组分熔化),但这样就立即粘在辊筒上。
还将组合物A在工业压延机上加工,制成可在0.15至1.5毫米之间调节厚度的膜片,并在压延机出料口处进行联机压花,可以用摹仿天然皮革的花纹。
按此方式所得的“人造皮革”具有最优化的“手感”和揉曲性,在-60至120℃范围内有良好机械性质。
Claims (3)
1.一种生产丙烯聚合物薄膜的方法,包括将由在至少2个阶段中聚合得到的混相丙烯聚合物组合物制成薄膜,其中组分(A)在第一阶段形成,组分(B)和(C)在组分(A)的存在下于第二阶段形成;所述混相丙烯聚合物组合物包括:
(A)10-60重量份的均聚聚丙烯,其全同立构指数大于90;或是丙烯与乙烯或丁烯或4-甲基-1-戊烯的一种结晶共聚物,其中含丙烯超过85%(重量),其全同立构指数大于85;
(B)10-40重量份的半结晶的基本线性的共聚物,其中一半以上重量是乙烯单元,且其于室温下不溶于二甲苯;
(C)30-60重量份的非晶形的乙烯-丙烯共聚物,该共聚物于室温可溶于二甲苯,并且含40-70%(重量)的乙烯;
所述丙烯聚合物组合物中,室温下可溶于二甲苯的部分在135℃的四氢萘中的特性粘度,与室温下不溶于二甲苯的部分在135℃于四氢萘中的特性粘度之比率为0.8至1.2。
2.按权利要求1的方法,其中组分(A)是一种丙烯与丁烯或4-甲基-1-戊烯的结晶共聚物。
3.按权利要求1的方法,其中组分(C)中还含有1-10%(重量)的一种二烯烃。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| IT19511A/90 | 1990-02-28 | ||
| IT19511A/1990 | 1990-02-28 | ||
| IT19511A IT1240417B (it) | 1990-02-28 | 1990-02-28 | Procedimento per la produzione di film e corpi laminari polipropilenici e prodotti cosi' ottenuti |
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| CN1054428A CN1054428A (zh) | 1991-09-11 |
| CN1062572C true CN1062572C (zh) | 2001-02-28 |
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| IT1206128B (it) * | 1984-07-30 | 1989-04-14 | Himont Inc | Composizioni polipropileniche resistenti all'urto aventi migliorata resistenza allo sbiancamento. |
| US4882380A (en) * | 1987-07-07 | 1989-11-21 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Process for the production of impact polypropylene copolymers |
| IL95097A0 (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-06-10 | Himont Inc | Thermoplastic olefin polymer and its preparation |
-
1990
- 1990-02-28 IT IT19511A patent/IT1240417B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1991
- 1991-02-20 IL IL97283A patent/IL97283A0/xx unknown
- 1991-02-21 ZA ZA911288A patent/ZA911288B/xx unknown
- 1991-02-22 AU AU71315/91A patent/AU637869B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-02-25 US US07/660,502 patent/US5286552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-26 PT PT96878A patent/PT96878A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-02-27 NO NO910772A patent/NO308255B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-27 AR AR91319124A patent/AR248095A1/es active
- 1991-02-27 CA CA002037264A patent/CA2037264C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-27 FI FI910953A patent/FI100188B/fi active
- 1991-02-27 RU SU914894791A patent/RU2085560C1/ru active
- 1991-02-27 MX MX2471591A patent/MX24715A/es unknown
- 1991-02-27 HU HU91669A patent/HUT56860A/hu unknown
- 1991-02-27 BR BR919100793A patent/BR9100793A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-28 CN CN91101328A patent/CN1062572C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-28 AT AT91103014T patent/ATE121759T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-28 JP JP03057853A patent/JP3100651B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-28 EP EP91103014A patent/EP0444671B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-28 KR KR1019910003356A patent/KR100191185B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-28 DK DK91103014.6T patent/DK0444671T3/da active
- 1991-02-28 DE DE69109156T patent/DE69109156T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-28 ES ES91103014T patent/ES2071851T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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