CN106146586A - (2′r)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种制备索菲布韦关键中间体(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)的新的合成方法。该方法包括:(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(1)与2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(2)在催化剂的作用下一步转化成化合物A,克服了先前方法需要两步合成且产率低的缺点。新方法操作简便,成本低、收率高、产物纯度好、无需再次纯化、有利于工业化大生产。化合物A可用于合成丙肝病毒(HCV)NS5B聚合酶抑制剂。
Description
一、技术领域:
本发明涉及制备(2’R)-2’-脱氧-2’-氟-2’-甲基尿苷3’,5’-二苯甲酸酯(A)的改进方法。该化合物是合成丙肝病毒(HCV)NS5B聚合酶抑制剂索菲布韦的关键中间体。
二、背景技术:
丙肝,是一种由丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染引起的病毒性肝炎,全球HCV的感染率约为3%,估计约1.8亿人感染了HCV,每年新发丙型肝炎病例约3.5万例。一旦被感染,约有20%的人能够清除病毒,但是其它的人在他们的余生都会携带HCV。有10%到20%的慢性感染个体最终将发展成为危及生命的肝硬化或癌症。丙型肝炎呈全球性流行,未来20年内与HCV感染相关的死亡率(肝衰竭及肝细胞癌导致的死亡)将继续增加,对患者的健康和生命危害极大,丙肝病毒感染已成为世界性的健康问题。
长期以来,聚乙二醇化干扰素(PEG-IFN)与利巴韦林合用是治疗丙肝病毒感染的标准疗法。但是从目前的状况来看,这种标准治疗方法效果不是很理想,对于1a/1b型患者的临床治愈率约为50%,且这种疗法的用药时间比较长,比如HCV I型的丙肝患者,需要连续用药48周,同时还经常发生严重的不良反应,如伴有精神方面的问题、出现流行性感冒样症状和产生血液学毒性,从而造成现有疗法的成功治愈率还不到10%,加之反跳率高、价格昂贵、长期注射给患者带来很大痛苦,因此,开发一种全新机制的、更加高效低毒的HCV抑制剂显得尤为重要。
HCV基因组是一种黄病毒科的单链RNA(+),约9600个碱基对编码了共3009-3030个氨基酸的多肽。该多肽被蛋白酶切割为10个具有不同功能的蛋白,其中包括核心蛋白——Core,外壳糖蛋白——E1,E2,非结构性蛋白——NS2,NS3(具有丝氨酸蛋白酶活性,解旋酶活性),NS4A,NS4B,NS5A,NS5B(具有RdRP活性),以及1个功能未知的蛋白——p7(最近发现它可能是一种离子通道)在蛋白成熟过程中,Core,E1,E2和p7间的切割依靠细胞内的信号肽酶完成,NS2和NS3则依靠自身的半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性实现自催化断裂,其余蛋白间的切割由成熟后的NS3完成。(Michael P.Manns et al.,Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,6,991-1001(2007))。病毒基因复制酶NS5B是病毒的RNA依赖RNA聚合酶,具有以RNA为模板的RNA复制活性,负责HCV基因组的复制。NS5B基因是HCV特有,在各种基因型的HCV病毒中都高度保守,而且其在哺乳动物细胞基因组中缺乏对应基因。未感染的细胞通常并不表达RNA依赖的RNA(Raffaele De Francesco,Antiviral Research,58:1-16(200)),因此,NS5B成为治疗丙型肝炎的理想靶点。同时,不同基因型病毒在全球的分布也存在较大差异,其中1,2,3型病毒呈全球分布,欧美地区以1a型为主,而包括中国在内的远东地区,1b,2a,2b型更为常见,其中1b型为主要优势株。1a和1b占所有被感染人数的78.1%。基于此,有必要开发出能够抑制1a和1b亚型的HCV抑制剂。在以前的文献中,已经报道了噻吩羧酸类化合物可以作为作用于NS5B聚合酶的HCV抑制剂。
Vertex的特拉匹韦和Merck的Vitrelis在2011年批准上市,这俩种新药仍需要与干扰素和利巴韦林合用才能获得较好的疗效。所以其毒副作用仍和标准疗法相似。相比之下,核苷化合物及其磷酸酯潜药对抑制丙肝病毒具有相当的优势,因为它们对各种类型的丙肝病毒都有效,并且较少产生耐药性。
索菲布韦是首个无需联合干扰素就能安全有效治疗某些类型丙肝的药物。临床试验证实针对1和4型丙肝,该药物联合聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林的总体持续病毒学应答率(SVR)高达90%;针对2型丙肝,该药物联合利巴韦林的SVR为89%-95%;针对3型丙肝,该药物联合利巴韦林的SVR为61%-63%。值得一提的是,索非布韦的临床试验还包含了一些丙肝合并肝硬化的患者,疗效也较显著。
三、发明内容:
本发明针对索菲布韦制备工艺中存在的问题,经过大量的试验和反复的改进研究,取得了惊人的发现,发现了一种原料易得、工艺路线简单、适用于工业化大生产制备(2’R)-2’-脱氧-2’-氟-2’-甲基尿苷3’,5’-二苯甲酸酯(A)的合成方法。
为实现本发明目的,反应过程如方案1所示:
方案1
具体反应通过如下步骤实现:
(a)商业购买的2,4-二醇嘧啶(3)与TMSCl在HMDS中回流硅烷化,反应结束后浓缩,旋于溶剂,得到2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(2)。
(b)2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(2)与(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(1)在催化剂的作用下生成索菲布韦重要中间体(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)。催化所用的催化剂为2,4,6-三甲基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐,4-甲基2,6-二叔丁基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐,吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐中的一种或几种。
有许多合成方面的文献和专利对索菲布韦中间体(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)进行了详细的报道,但都有各自的不足。按起始原料、合成步骤或中间体的不同,目前文献报道的主要有3种合成方法。CN 101918425 A,CN 104017020 A,CN 102199181 A,CN 102361641 A,CN 102858790 A等所报道的合成路线如方案2-4所示。
方案2:经由多步合成的化合物4在吡啶和苯甲酰氯(BzCl)的作用下将羟基保护起来,生成化合物5后,在80%乙酸做溶剂时回流脱掉氨基的保护基并氧化氨基生成(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)
方案3:由索菲布韦的另一个中间体(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(6)做为起始原料,经Al化物还原羰基后SOCl2将醇卤化生成卤代物(7)。卤代物(7)经过两步反应后得到(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)。
方案4:由索菲布韦的另一个中间体(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(6)做为起始原料,经Al化物还原羰基后则有乙酸酐保护醇羟基,生成了(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(1)。化合物1又经过两步反应得到(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)。
方案2
方案3
方案4
方案3和方案4在合成4(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)时与方案1的合成路线相似,但是都需要多合成一步中间体。
方案1在方案3和方案4的基础上简化了工艺步骤,提高了合成效率,更加适宜工业化生产。
四、附图简介:
图1为(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯的1HNMR
图2为(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯的13CNMR
图3为(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯的MS
五、具体实施案例:
实施例1,催化剂的合成:
4-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基吡啶(0.10g),CH3CN(1mL)加入到5mL的三颈瓶中抽换气3次,持续搅拌下冰盐浴冷却至0℃。三氟甲磺酸(43μL)溶于CH3CN(1mL)在10min内逐滴加入到反应瓶中,滴加完毕,撤去冰盐浴,室温搅拌2h,有固体析出。在-40℃搅拌20min,过滤,即得到白色固体4-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基吡啶三氟甲磺酸盐(0.14g,82%)。
实施例2
(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(10g),2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(5.8g),2,4,6-三甲基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(5%),CH3CN(150mL)加入到500mL的三颈瓶中并抽换气3次。在持续搅拌下加热至150℃,回流10h。TLC检测反应完全,降温至室温,浓缩去除有机溶剂即得化合物A(10.91g,97%),经HPLC检测有98%纯度。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ 11.62(S,1H),7.38~8.12(m,11H),6.09~6.25(br,1H),5.68~5.87(br,1H),5.60~5.62(d,1H,J=5.61Hz),4.63~4.70(m,3H),1.41~1.47(d,3H,J=1.45Hz)。
13C-NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ166.1,165.1,150.3,134.2,1337,130.3,129.9,129.6,129.3,128.9,128.8,102.8,77.55,73.7,64.0,17.8。
MS(ESI)m/z:467.0[M+H]+
实施例3
2,4-二醇嘧啶(1M),六甲基二硅氮烷(3L),催化量的三甲基氯硅烷(1ml),混合液回流12h,冷却,浓缩掉有机溶剂,即得2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(248.45g,95%)
实施例4
(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(416g),2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(307.2g),4-甲基2,6-二叔丁基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(5%),CH3CN(6L)加入到10L的反应釜中并抽换气3次。在持续搅拌下加热至150℃,回流15h。TLC检测反应完全,降温至室温,浓缩去除有机溶剂即得化合物A(435g,93%),经HPLC检测有98%纯度。
实施例5
(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(10g),2,4-二(三甲硅氧基)嘧啶;2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(5.8g),吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(5%),CH3CN(150mL)加入到500mL的三颈瓶中并抽换气3次。在持续搅拌下加热至150℃,回流10h。TLC检测反应完全,降温至室温,浓缩去除有机溶剂即得化合物A(10.57g 94%),经HPLC检测有95%纯度。
Claims (8)
1.一种制备(2′R)-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-2′-甲基尿苷3′,5′-二苯甲酸酯(A)的方法。
该方法包括:(2R)-2-脱氧-2-氟-2-甲基-D-赤式戊糖酸GAMMA-内酯3,5-二苯甲酸酯(1)与2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(2)在催化剂的作用下转化成化合物A。
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的溶剂为乙腈(MeCN),乙醇(EtOH),甲醇(MeOH)中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度为130-180℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的催化剂为2,4,6-三甲基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(Cat.A),4-甲基2,6-二叔丁基吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(Cat.B),吡啶三氟甲烷磺酸盐(Cat.C)中的一种或几种。
5.一种制备2,4-双三甲基硅烷氧基嘧啶(2)的方法:
该方法包括:由2,4-二醇嘧啶(3)转化为化合物(2)
。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的硅烷化试剂为三甲基氯硅烷(TMSCl)和六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度为140℃~180℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,反应所用溶剂为六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS) 。
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| CN107915738A (zh) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-17 | 厦门海乐景生化有限公司 | 用于合成巴瑞替尼的关键中间体2的制备方法 |
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