CN106103121A - 用于安全应用的加密光学标记物 - Google Patents
用于安全应用的加密光学标记物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
不容易检测到的加密标记物可以通过使用特异试剂处理而显示,所述特异试剂用作显影剂以显示该标记物的容易检测的物理性质,例如用特定的激发波长激发后的特征荧光发射,或显示可见的颜色。加密标记物可以在原位显影,或者样品可以通过刷掉、刮掉、擦拭或划痕被标记的物体或物品并且将加密标记物或其样品用合适的显影剂显影以显示显性标记或光信号来移除。标记物可以通过将加密标记物或其样品暴露于任何合适形式的显影剂而显示,例如包含显影剂的溶液、浆料、拭子、固体(如颗粒形式)、或气体或蒸气。
Description
发明背景
荧光标记物可用作识别和安全标记物,但它们容易通过用具有合适激发波长的光照射而可视化的优点也是缺点,因为荧光标记物可以被容易地检测、分析和复制,使得它们受到伪造。
发明内容
本发明提供了不容易检测、但可以通过使用特异试剂处理而显示的加密标记物,所述特异试剂用作显影剂以显示该标记物的容易检测的物理性质,例如用特定的激发波长激发后的特征荧光发射,或显示可见的颜色。加密标记物可以在原位显影,或者样品可以通过刷掉(brushing)、刮掉(scraping)、或划痕(scratching)被标记的物体或物品并且将加密标记物或其样品用合适的显影剂显影以显示显性标记或光信号来移除。标记物可以通过将原位的加密标记物或其样品暴露于显影剂而显示,所述显影剂例如为溶液、喷剂、蒸气或固体、例如包含显影剂的粉末或颗粒。
或者,仅通过用携带显影剂的拭子(例如浸泡在显影剂溶液中的拭子或者显影剂结合或共价固定化于其上的拭子)刮擦就可能存在来自标记物体或物品的加密标记物分子的足够转移。转移的加密标记物分子然后在拭子上或拭子内、或在标记物体或物品上显影。拭子、或标记物体或物品可以容易地被检查所显示的光学特征的存在,例如颜色或者用适当波长的光激发后在特定波长下发射的荧光。
所述显影剂可以是与标记物反应而产生可检测的标记物产物的化学反应性显影剂,或者所述显影剂可以是与标记物组合产生可检测的标记物产物的螯合剂或其它结合剂。在另一个实施方式中,所述显影剂可以是离子,例如被标记物结合而产生可检测的标记物产物的金属离子。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的标记物是“加密荧光团”(本文也称为“前荧光团”(pro-fluorophore))而不具有荧光团的性质,并且因此难以作为安全标记物识别,但是在使用作为适合使前荧光团显影的特异试剂的显影剂显影或反应时,转化为具有可容易检测的信号的荧光团。另外,加密往往改善前荧光团的物理和化学稳定性。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的发色标记物(本文也称为“色原”(chromogen)或“前生色团”(pro-chromophore))是“加密生色团”并且是无色的或几乎无色的,并且因此难以作为安全标记物识别,但是在用显影剂(特异试剂)显影或反应时,转化为可容易检测的生色团。在一个实施方式中,本发明的生色团在将各自的发色标记物用对该发色标记物具有特异性的显影剂试剂显色后变得裸眼可见。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的标记物组合了加密荧光团和加密生色团二者的特征,其中所述加密荧光团是无荧光的或基本上无荧光的,并且所述加密生色团是无色的或基本上无色的,使得它们难以作为安全标记物检测或识别。然而,在用显影剂显影或反应时,这些加密标记物转化为可容易检测的荧光团和可容易检测的生色团。在一个实施方式中,这样的组合标记物可以同时用合适激发波长的UV光来解析(interrogate)荧光,以及通过在用合适的显影剂显影之后目视检查光照的标记物来解析裸眼可见的颜色。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的构思提供了一种用于加密标记物品的方法,其中所述方法包括:提供色原化合物作为能够在与显影剂反应时产生生色团的标记物,和(i)用包含所述色原标记物化合物的涂料涂布所述物品;(ii)将包含所述色原标记物化合物的标签(label)或记号(indicia)附接到所述物品;或(iii)将所述色原标记物化合物包埋在所述物品的至少一部分中;以及由此提供加密标记的物品。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的构思提供了一种用于加密标记物品的方法,其中所述方法包括:提供能够在与显影剂反应时产生荧光化合物的前荧光团(也称为加密荧光团),和(i)用包含所述前荧光团的涂料涂布所述物品;(ii)将包含所述前荧光团的标签或记号附接到所述物品;或(iii)将所述前荧光团包埋在所述物品的至少一部分中;以及由此提供加密标记的物品。
在本发明构思的一个实施方式中,前荧光团或色原化合物用作在待跟踪或鉴定的物体上的标记物。所述标记物可以被涂绘、印刷、喷涂、键合、粘附或包埋在感兴趣的物体或物品内或其上。
所述感兴趣的物品可以用浸渍在显影剂的溶液中的拭子刮擦、摩擦或处理,所述显影剂是一种特异试剂,其能够将加密荧光团标记物或色原标记物化合物分别转化为具有可容易检测信号的荧光团或生色团。在一个实施方式中,显影剂可例如通过吸附或通过共价键合而固定在拭子上。或者,所述感兴趣的物品可以直接暴露于蒸气、喷剂或溶液形式的显影剂。加密荧光团标记物或色原标记物化合物的显色和鉴定可以通过任何合适的方法进行,所述方法例如但不限于单一步骤,其中所述加密荧光团标记物或色原标记物化合物在标记的物体内或其上直接原位显影;或两步骤程序,其中首先将标记物转移至取样装置或拭子等,然后用蒸气、喷剂或溶液形式递送的合适的显影剂处理,或者通过用由所述显影剂构成或含有所述显影剂的粉末或颗粒喷淋所述取样装置或拭子等。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文所使用的,烷基指的是具有指定数量的碳原子的饱和的支链或直链单价烃基。因此,术语烷基包括但不限于甲基(C1烷基)、乙基(C2烷基)、丙基(C3烷基)、异丙基(也是C3烷基)、正丁基(C4烷基)、异丁基(也是C4烷基),仲丁基(也是C4烷基),和叔丁基(也是C4烷基)。
烯基指的是具有至少一个在两个碳原子之间的双键的支链或直链的烃基。
炔基指的是具有至少一个在两个碳原子之间的三键的支链或直链的烃基。
如本文所使用的,环烷基是指饱和的单环、多环或桥接的烃环体系取代基或连接基团。在取代的环烷基环中,取代基与环碳原子键合,取代了氢原子。例如,C3-C10环烷基是指具有三至十个碳原子的环;或者是指具有三个或更多个碳原子的环,其中剩余的碳原子形成所述环的一个或多个烷基取代基。
如本文所使用的,杂环基是指饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的单环、多环或桥接的烃环体系取代基或连接基团,其中至少一个环碳原子已由杂原子替代,所述杂原子例如但不限于氮、氧、硫、硒、硼或磷。杂环基环体系可以是具有一个、两个、三个或四个氮环原子的环系,或者具有零个、一个、两个或三个氮环原子和一个氧或硫环原子的环系。杂环基环体系可以包括多于一个环杂原子。杂环基取代基通过从单个碳环或氮环原子移除一个氢原子而衍生出。杂环基包括但不限于呋喃基、噻吩基、2H-吡咯、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、吡咯基、1,3-二氧戊环基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、2-咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、2-吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、吡啶基、哌啶基、1,4-二噁烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、氮杂环庚基(azepanyl)、二氮杂卓基、中氮茚基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、3H-吲哚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并[b]呋喃基、苯并[b]噻吩基、1H-吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、嘌呤基、4H-喹嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基(phthalzinyl)、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基,1,8-萘啶基、蝶啶基、奎宁环基。
如上所示,杂环基还包括芳族杂环基,例如吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基,并且可以任选地例如被烷基取代。
杂环基还包括二环杂环基,其中一个环或两个环具有杂原子,例如咪唑并吡嗪基、苯并呋喃基、苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并噻吩基和喹啉基。
芳基烷基指的是附接到烷基(例如C1-C4烷基)的末端碳原子的芳基。
芳基指的是具有六个、八个、十个或十四个碳原子的芳族、不饱和的π电子共轭单环或多环的烃环体系取代基或连接基团。芳基通过从碳环原子移除一个氢原子而衍生出。芳基包括但不限于苯基、萘基、薁基和蒽基。
卤代指的是氟代(-F)、氯代(-Cl)、溴代(-Br)或碘代(-I)。
羧基指的是具有式-COOH的取代基。
羟基指的是具有式-OH的取代基。
氰基指的是具有式-C≡N的取代基。
硝基指的是具有式-NO2的取代基。
氧代指的是具有式=O的取代基,其中氧原子成双键。
氨基指的是具有式-NH2的取代基或具有式-NH-的连接基团。
烷基氨基或二烷基氨基分别指的是具有式-NH-烷基或-N(烷基)2的取代基。
叠氮基指的是具有式-N3的取代基,也表示为-N=N+=N-。
可在本发明实践中用作标记物前荧光团或色原化合物的化合物包括前荧光团形式的苍耳烷(xanthane)染料例如罗丹明类(rhodamines)、对甲氨基酚类和荧光素类,以及香豆素、青色素和噁嗪的衍生物。
一般示意图I
示意图I显示一般情况下,前荧光团(Pro-FL)(在本文中也可互换地称为荧光发生化合物)用显影剂处理而产生荧光化合物(FL*),所述荧光化合物当用合适激发波长的光激发时具有特征发射波长,其中发射光通过眼睛或通过光谱法测量而容易地检测。
一般示意图II
示意图II显示一般情况下,色原化合物(CHR-gen)(在本文中也可互换地称为隐色(leuco)形式的生色团,即色原)用显影剂处理而产生生色团或染料(CHR*),所述生色团或染料具有通过眼睛或通过光谱法测量而容易地检测的特征吸收。
在本发明实践中可用作标记物前荧光团或色原化合物的荧光素衍生物的实例是下列化合物中每一种的衍生物:荧光素、5-(和-6-)-羧基荧光素(FAM)、5-(和-6-)-4,7,2’,7’-四氯荧光素(TET)、5-(和-6-)-2’,4’,4,5’,7’,7-六氯荧光素(HEX)、5-(和-6-)-羧基-4’,5’-二氯-2’,7’-二甲氧基荧光素(JOE)、伊红(Eosin)Y(2’,4’,5’,7’-四溴荧光素)、伊红B(4’,5’-二溴-2’,7’-二硝基荧光素)、玫瑰红(Rose Bengal)(4,5,6,7-四氯-2’,4’,5’,7’-四碘荧光素)、赤藓红(Erythrosin)(2’,4’,5’,7’-四碘荧光素)、2,7-二氯荧光素、雅基马黄(Yakima Yellow),VIC,NED,以及荧光化合物和染料领域技术人员公知的更多种。这些衍生物通常是无色的或基本上无色的,并且缺乏可感知的荧光;并且可以用合适显影剂处理以产生荧光化合物或染料本身。
可用作标记物前荧光团或色原化合物的罗丹明类的实例包括例如:四甲基罗丹明(TRITC)、5-(和-6)-羧基四甲基罗丹明(TAMRA)、5(和-6)-羧基-X-罗丹明(ROX)、罗丹明110(呫吨鎓(xanthylium),3,6-二氨基-9-(2-羧基苯基)-,盐)、罗丹明B、罗丹明6G等的衍生物。
可用作标记物前荧光团或色原化合物的噁嗪类的实例包括下列物质的衍生物:尼罗红、尼罗蓝、甲酚紫和噁嗪170等,其可用显影剂处理而显示非衍生化的尼罗红、尼罗蓝、甲酚紫或噁嗪170标记物。
例如,在一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是苍耳烷,例如:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自独立地选自氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、硝基(NO2)、氰基(CN)、羰基(CHO或C(O)R),C1-C8烷基、芳基、和C3-C8环烷基、每种任选地被一个或多个官能团如羧基、羰基、氨基、氰基、硝基、烷基、烯基、炔基或叠氮基取代。
或者,独立地选自R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的一对R基团可以在彼此之间或在Rn(R1-R10之一)和X或Y或二者之间形成环;X和Y是取代的氧、X=OR或氮、Y=NRR’其中取代基R和R’独立地选自氢、C1-C8烷基、芳基、C1-C8酰基(烷基、芳基和酰基的每一种任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、烷基磺酰基(RSO2-)和芳基磺酰基(ArSO2-)(其中所述烷基磺酰基和芳基磺酰基任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、三烷基和三芳基甲硅烷基;以及Z表示氧(O)、硫(S)、硒(Se)或取代的氮(N-R”),其中R”定义如上文的R;或R”是氨基、NR’R”’、羟基或OR”’,其中R”’独立地选自如上文的R的选项。
在一个实施方式中,可用作本发明实践中的前荧光团(Pro-FL)可以通过本领域已知的化学转化从荧光团(FL*)制备,如一般示意图III中描绘的那样,如下所示。
一般示意图III
在另一个实施方式中,所述色原(CHR-gen)可以通过本领域已知的化学转化从生色团(CHR*)制备,如一般示意图IV中描绘的那样,如下所示。
一般示意图IV
根据本发明所述的荧光团到前荧光团、或生色团到色原的上述转化的实例描绘于下文的实施例1、2和6中。
在另一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是噁嗪,例如:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6是氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、硝基(NO2)、氰基(CN)、羰基(CHO或C(O)R),C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基或芳基。R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6中的每一个还可以在彼此之间或在Rn和X或Y或二者之间形成任选取代的环。X和Y是取代的氧、X=OR或氮、Y=NRR’其中取代基R和R’独立地选自氢、C1-C8烷基、芳基、C1-C8酰基、三烷基和三芳基甲硅烷基(烷基、芳基和酰基的每一种任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、烷基磺酰基(RSO2-)和芳基磺酰基(ArSO2-)(其中所述烷基磺酰基和芳基磺酰基各自任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)。
在另一个例子中,在一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是香豆素,例如:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地是氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、硝基(NO2)、氰基(CN)、羰基(CHO或C(O)R),C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基或芳基(其中烷基、芳基和酰基的每一种任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、烷基磺酰基(RSO2-)和芳基磺酰基(ArSO2-)(其中所述烷基磺酰基和芳基磺酰基各自任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)。
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5还可以在彼此之间或在Rn和X之间形成环;其中X表示取代的氧、X=OR或取代的氮、X=NRR’其中取代基R和R’独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、或C1-C8酰基(烷基、芳基和酰基的每一种任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、烷基磺酰基(RSO2-)和芳基磺酰基(ArSO2-)(其中所述烷基磺酰基和芳基磺酰基任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)、三烷基和三芳基甲硅烷基;以及Y表示氧(O)或NH。
在另一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是式IV的化合物,如下所示:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地是氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、硝基(NO2)、氰基(CN)、C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基或芳基(烷基、环烷基和芳基的每一种任选地被独立地选自卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)。R1、R2、R3、R4和R5还可以在R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的任意两者之间或在R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的任意一者和式IV的N之间形成环;并且其中R是氢、C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基烷基(例如苄基)、或芳基(其中C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基烷基和芳基中的每一个任选地被独立地选自羧基(COOH)、磺酸基(SO3H)和氨基(NH2)的一个至六个取代基取代)。式IV中的X表示反离子,其示例为但不限于:氯根、溴根、碘根、甲苯磺酸根、甲磺酸根和高氯酸根。
在另一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是式V的化合物,如下所示:
其中R1、R2和R3是氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、硝基(NO2)、C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基或芳基(各自独立地、任选地被卤素、硝基(NO2)和C1-C3烷基的一个至三个取代基取代)。R1、R2和R3还可以在R1、R2和R3中的任意两者之间或在R1、R2和R3中的任意一者和式V中杂环的N或Y之间形成环状结构;并且其中R是氢、或C1-C8烷基、C3-C8环烷基、芳基烷基(例如苄基)、或芳基(烷基、环烷基和芳基烷基各自独立地、任选地被取代)。合适的取代基包括但不限于羧基(COOH)、磺酸基(SO3H)和氨基(NH2)等。X表示合适的反离子,例如但不限于:氯根、溴根、碘根、甲苯磺酸根、甲磺酸根和高氯酸根。Y是氧、氮、硫、硒或C(CH3)2。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,前荧光团可以是(如下)式VI中A、L1、L2、L3、L4部分的任一者:
其中m+n+p+q的总和是1和12之间的正整数;m至少为1;以及n、p和q各自独立地为零或正整数。在一个实施方式中,在或不在催化剂或活化剂的协助下,络合物从式VI中的A、L1、L2、L3、L4形成,解释如下。
另外,L1、L2、L3、L4可以各自不同于彼此(L1≠L2≠L3≠L4);或者L1、L2、L3和L4部分中的两个或更多个可以是相同的。在一个特别的实施方式中,L1、L2、L3和L4部分都是相同的(L1=L2=L3=L4)。
由式VI表示的结构是配位化合物,例如有机金属化合物,其中A是被配体L1、L2、L3、L4螯合的中心离子。选择中心离子A和配体L1、L2、L3、L4的方式是,只有A被配体L1、L2、L3、L4配位的组合将生成通过颜色或荧光或二者显示的、离散的(discreet)光谱学信号。
L1、L2、L3、L4可以是任何能够经由配体的氧、氮、硫或硒原子上可得的电子对,与中心离子A形成配位键的化学部分。在本发明中可用作配体的一类分子包括杂环化合物及其衍生物,其可包括但不限于选自以下的杂环:呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、噁唑、噻唑、咪唑、吡唑烷基、吡唑、异噁唑、异噻唑、噁二唑、三唑、噻二唑、四唑、2H-吡喃、4H-吡喃、吡啶、联吡啶,三联吡啶、三嗪、哌啶、吡咯烷、1,4-二氧六环、吗啉、1,4-二噻烷、硫代吗啉,吡嗪、哒嗪、嘧啶、piperazole、氮杂环庚烷(azepane)、二氮杂卓、中氮茚、吲哚、异吲哚、苯并咪唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、嘌呤、喹嗪啶(quinolizidine)、喹啉、异喹啉、二氮杂萘(diazanaphthalenes)、蝶啶和邻二氮菲。
配体L的另一类包括多齿螯合剂及其衍生物,例如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、1,2-双(2-氨基苯氧基)乙烷-N,N,N’,N’-四乙酸(BAPTA)、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、三亚乙基四胺-N,N,N’,N”,N”’,N”’-六乙酸(TTHA)、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-吡啶基甲基)乙二胺(TPEN)、乙二醇双(2-氨基乙醚)-N,N,N’,N’-四乙酸(EGTA)、1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-l,4,7,10-四乙酸(DOTA)、1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷-5,12-二酮脱水物(5,12-二氧环拉胺(Dioxocyclam))、杯芳烃(如间八甲基-杯(4)吡咯、杯[4]-芳烃-25,26,27,28-四醇,杯[6]芳烃)、冠醚(如二苯并-15-冠-5,大环多胺(cyclen)),环糊精类(如α-环糊精)。
配体L的另一类包括但不限于β-二酮(如乙酰丙酮及其衍生物,包括六氟乙酰丙酮;4,4,4-三氟-l-苯基-l,3-丁二酮;l,3-二苯基-l,3-丙二酮);氧化膦类(如三苯基氧化膦,n-三辛基氧化膦);芳族酸和酚类及其衍生物(如钛试剂、儿茶酚、水杨酸);希夫碱及其衍生物(如下面实施例5中所描绘的2-苯酚水杨亚胺(2-phenolsalicylimine))。
配体L的另一类包括溶剂分子。这一类在化学上是非常多样的,包括上面提到的若干化合物,例如杂环化合物(吡啶、三甲吡啶、呋喃、四氢呋喃(THF)等)和冠醚类(15-冠-5等),以及其他代表广泛选择的化学官能团的分子。这些包括,例如,以下分子及其衍生物:水、醇类(甲醇、乙醇等),胺类(三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺、吗啉、二甲胺、Ν,Ν-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)等),醚类(二乙醚等),极性非质子溶剂(二甲基亚砜(DMSO),二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA),1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2(1H)-嘧啶酮(DMPU),1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮(DMI)、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),乙腈(AcCN)、环丁砜、四甘醇二甲醚(四乙二醇二甲醚),等)。
在本发明的实施方式中,中心离子A可以是任何能够与一个或多个配体L形成配位化合物的带正电荷的离子。可在本发明实践中使用的一类离子A是金属离子类,包括但不限于过渡金属离子、碱金属和碱土金属离子、镧系元素和锕系元素。
中心离子A可以以无机或有机盐的形式提供。合适的无机盐包括但不限于无机酸盐,例如硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、硒酸盐、氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氯酸盐、高氯酸盐等。合适的有机盐包括但不限于有机酸盐,例如一元羧酸盐(如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、特戊酸、2-乙基己酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、4-磺基水杨酸等酸的盐)、多元羧酸盐(如草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、均苯三甲酸、苯六甲酸等酸的盐)。
另一类中心离子A包括含氧原子的部分,例如氢氧化物和氧化物等。
对于本发明的任何具体实施方式的中心离子A的供应形式的选择由应用(即,待标记的物体或物品及其环境)和载体性质(即,包含该标记物的介质的属性,例如涂料、漆(paint)或清漆(varnish)层)决定。
在一个实施方式中,在催化剂或活化剂的协助下,络合物从式VI中的A、L1、L2、L3、L4形成。可用于本发明实践中的催化剂和活化剂包括碱性和亲核试剂,例如但不限于,简单的有机和无机碱(氢氧化物、胺类、醇盐、酚盐等)。这一类还包括弱酸和强碱的无机或有机盐,在溶剂分解时生成碱性溶液,例如铵、碱金属和碱土金属碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、醋酸盐等。示例氢氧化物是碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物如铵、锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、钙、锶或钡的氢氧化物以及四烷基铵氢氧化物,如四甲基铵或四丁基铵氢氧化物。可用作催化剂和活化剂的胺的实例包括但不限于:三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、苄胺、吗啉、吡咯烷、哌啶、二甲基氨基苯胺等。可用作催化剂和活化剂的醇盐和酚盐的实例包括但不限于:碱金属醇盐和酚盐,如:钠或钾的甲醇盐、乙醇盐或酚盐。
在另一个实施方式中,催化剂是酸性物质,如通过布朗斯台德-劳里或路易斯理论定义的那样,并且可以表示为简单的有机或无机酸以及任何弱碱和强酸的无机或有机盐,其在溶剂分解时生成酸性条件,例如金属氯化物、溴化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐等。
可用作显影剂(即,本发明实践中的解密试剂)的化合物包括本领域已知作为良好螯合剂或络合剂的化合物,例如但不限于:
-杂环芳族化合物,如咪唑类、邻二氮菲类、嘧啶类(pirydines)、噻唑类及其衍生物;
-多齿螯合剂(EDTA、EGTA、BAPTA、DOTA、DTPA);
-β-二酮(例如乙酰丙酮及其衍生物,包括但不限于六氟乙酰丙酮、4,4,4-三氟-1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮、1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮);
-氧化膦(三辛基氧化膦、三苯基氧化膦);
-芳族酸和多酚(例如水杨酸、儿茶酚、钛试剂);
-芳族醛(例如4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苯甲醛、4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)肉桂醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛等);
-希夫碱和衍生物(例如下面实施例5中所描绘的2-苯酚水杨亚胺)。
可用作显影剂(即,本发明实践中的解密试剂)的化合物包括本领域已知作为溶剂分解或去保护中涉及的亲核物质的化合物,例如简单的有机和无机碱(氢氧化物、胺、醇盐、酚盐等);简单的有机和无机盐(乙酸盐、硫化物、碘化物、氟化物、草酸盐、柠檬酸盐等)。
可用作显影剂(即,本发明某些实施方式的实践中的解密试剂)的化合物还包括本领域已知作为溶剂分解或去保护中涉及的酸性物质的化合物,例如简单的有机和无机酸。在其它实施方式中,显影剂可以是用于溶剂分解或去保护的亲电物质,例如醛类化合物,如苯甲醛或水杨醛、或其衍生物。
在某些特定实施方式中,前荧光团或色原可用作显影剂,并且上面列举的任何化学化合物可用在涂料中或包埋在被标记的材料中。色原或前荧光剂可以然后用作显影剂。
在某些特定实施方式中,显影剂可能需要催化剂的存在,以加速加密荧光团(其也可被称作前荧光团)或加密生色团(其也可被称作前生色团或色原)的解密反应,并且使得标记物可用作快速的现场鉴定体系。可用于本发明实践中的催化剂包括例如碱性和亲核试剂,例如但不限于简单的有机和无机碱(氢氧化物、胺、醇盐、酚盐等)。在另一个实施方式中,催化剂可以是简单的有机或无机酸。
实施例
1.前荧光团
加密的前荧光团是通过用特异试剂显影而显示的隐藏的/掩蔽的荧光团,所述特异试剂将可能为无色或显示极少或没有荧光的前荧光团或隐色形式转化为活性荧光团,所述活性荧光团在可见光下也可以是强烈显色的。
例如化合物罗丹明B酰肼(一种无色化合物)可以用Cu2+金属离子在酸性条件下显影而产生具有强烈的橙红色荧光的洋红色化合物。参见上面描述的反应,其显示无色的酰肼通过铜离子转化为洋红色的铜配位的化合物,其进而缓慢水解为无色的羧酸盐。在前荧光团的其它实例中,易于发生一级水解反应的自然性质可以用作“时间印章”(timestamp),其中在正常条件下空气中或特定载体中的衰变速率具有该具体的加密荧光团的特征。例如,化合物可以是隐色形式,其被选择为在液体如墨水中相对稳定,并且在数周的时间段内衰变以产生有色的且有强烈荧光的形式。
2.两部分荧光团
两部分荧光团在一些情况下在催化剂的存在下,从两种非荧光的、或非常弱的荧光组分(A)和(B)组装。仅在(A)和(B)组分二者的反应时产生实际的荧光团。在两种组分之间的反应在显荧光之外也可产生比色变化。两部分荧光团的组分(A)可用作隐藏的安全/鉴定标记物,并且可以通过向组分(A)添加第二组分(B)以产生活性荧光团而实现验证。在某些实施方式中,这一过程可以通过添加催化剂而加强。
例如,取代的苯并唑鎓(benzazolium)盐可以用作组分(A)并用特异试剂(以及任选的催化剂)显影,示例如下:
这些非荧光组分(A)是稳定的,仅通过暴露于合适的第二组分(B)而显示,并且不随时间自然解密。
根据化学家或作为加密标记物的前荧光团的设计者的选择,芳族化合物的可替代取代基可用于改变荧光团的光谱性质或溶解度情况。
3.热稳定的前荧光团
无机元素可以用作热稳定的、或甚至耐火的标记物,其可以通过用特异试剂(其可以是有机组分)显影而显示。例如氯化铝(AlCl3)可以用作隐蔽的标记物,其可被引入例如墨水、生漆(lacquer)或清漆中并且通过添加特别的螯合试剂而显示,所述标记物通过形成具有新的光谱性质的配位化合物而变得有强烈荧光。在某些情况下,可能需要催化剂来加速反应。从氯化铝(AlCl3)标记物形成铝基荧光团的例子如下所示:
可用作热稳定的前荧光团的其它无机元素或离子包括阴离子,例如磷酸根离子、碘离子、氟离子和乙酸根离子;以及阳离子,例如金属离子。根据设计者的选择,对芳族配位化合物或化学传感器的可替代取代基的合适选择可以用于改变荧光团的光谱性质和其他物化性质。
4.可聚合的加密前荧光团
加密前荧光团可通过添加合适的官能团而变得可聚合。这样的加密前荧光团可基于容易且廉价合成的优良的荧光团(明亮且具有高的量子产率)。根据选择的生色团或荧光团模板,可提供具有生色和荧光发射性质的前生色团和前荧光团。
前荧光团的化学稳定性和疏水性可通过选择合适的酰基或芳环取代基而控制。
在一个实施方式中,加密的荧光团还可被引入含有DNA(例如但不限于冻干或囊封的DNA)的纳米颗粒中。上面示例的可聚合前荧光团聚合为甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物如下所示:
这样的聚合物可用于囊封安全标记物,例如DNA或其他生物分子,或者可以组装为用作可转移标记物的微粒或纳米颗粒,或者在存在或不存在被包埋的DNA或其他可检测标记物的情况下用于引入聚合物或其他材料中。
以下实施例1-6是上面描述的可用作本发明的加密光学标记物的化合物的实施方式。
实施例1:罗丹明B酰肼的合成
2-氨基-3’,6’-双(二乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚啉-3,9’-氧杂蒽]-1-酮
罗丹明B(479mg)溶解于乙醇,在剧烈搅拌下将过量的65%的含水肼添加到该混合物。在回流2小时后,将反应混合物冷却并且收集灰白色沉淀物。将固体用乙醇:水混合物充分洗涤,并在真空下干燥2-氨基-3’,6’-双(二乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚啉-3,9’-氧杂蒽]-1-酮产物。
实施例2:伊红Y二乙酸酯的合成
(6’-乙酰氧基-2’,4’,5’,7’-四溴-3-氧代-螺[异苯并呋喃-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3’-基)乙酸酯
伊红Y(648mg)悬浮在乙酸酐中,将混合物在回流下搅拌5小时。然后将反应混合物缓慢添加到冰水混合物中。收集得到的浅褐色固体并且用若干份水洗涤。然后将产物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中并通过添加到水而沉淀。在水洗后,在真空下干燥固体(6’-乙酰氧基-2’,4’,5’,7’-四溴-3-氧代-螺[异苯并呋喃-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3’-基)乙酸酯产物。
实施例3:1,2-二甲基苯并噻唑鎓碘化物的合成
2,3-二甲基-1,3-苯并噻唑氢碘化物
将碘甲烷(2.5ml)按份加入无水甲苯中的2-甲基苯并噻唑(2.54ml)中。将混合物回流6小时,冷却至室温,并然后在4℃下静置几小时。收集得到的黄色沉淀,并用丙酮反复洗涤。然后在真空下干燥固体2,3-二甲基-1,3-苯并噻唑氢碘化物产物。
实施例4:荧光镝络合物的合成
二甲基镝;甲基;[(E)-[3-氧代-3-苯基-1-(三氟甲基)亚丙基]-3-氧烷基(oxidanyl)];1,10-邻二氮菲
将4,4,4-三氟-1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮(649mg)和1,10-邻二氮菲溶解在无水乙醇(3ml)中。将氢氧化钠水溶液(1M)逐滴添加到该溶液,并将反应混合物搅拌10min。单独将硝酸镝水合物(456mg)溶解在水(1ml)中,并将该溶液添加到碱性二酮中。将该反应混合物在60℃下搅拌5小时,以给出白色固体形式的二甲基镝;甲基;[(E)-[3-氧代-3-苯基-1-(三氟甲基)亚丙基]-3-氧烷基];1,10-邻二氮菲产物。
实施例5:2-苯酚水杨亚胺(2-phenolsalicyl imine)的合成
2-[(E)-(2-羟基苯基)亚氨基甲基]苯酚
将2-羟基苯胺(2.84g)的乙醇溶液添加到含有2-羟基苯甲醛(3.4g)的乙醇溶液中。将混合物在氮气下回流2小时,然后将其冷却至室温。将橙色的2-[(E)-(2-羟基苯基)亚氨基甲基]苯酚沉淀用冰冷的乙醇洗涤,并在真空下干燥。
实施例6:荧光素二甲基丙烯酸酯的合成
[6’-(2-甲基丙-2-烯酰基氧)-3-氧代-螺[异苯并呋喃-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3’-基]2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯
将荧光素钠盐(376mg)悬浮在甲基丙烯酸酐中,并将混合物在回流下搅拌5小时。然后将反应混合物缓慢添加到冰水混合物中。收集所得的浅褐色固体并用若干份水洗涤。然后将产物溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中并通过添加水而沉淀。在水洗后,将黄色固体[6’-(2-甲基丙-2-烯酰基氧)-3-氧代--螺[异苯并呋喃-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3’-基]2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯产物在真空下干燥。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于加密标记物品的方法,所述方法包括:
提供能够在与显影剂反应时产生生色团的色原,和
用包含所述色原的涂料涂布所述物品;
将包含所述色原的标签或记号附接到所述物品;或
将所述色原包埋在所述物品的至少一部分中;
以及由此提供加密标记的物品。
2.一种用于加密标记物品的方法,所述方法包括:
提供能够在与显影剂反应时产生荧光化合物的前荧光团,和
用包含所述前荧光团的涂料涂布所述物品;
将包含所述前荧光团的标签或记号附接到所述物品;或
将所述前荧光团包埋在所述物品的至少一部分中;
以及由此提供加密标记的物品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述标记物或显影剂包含阴离子。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述标记物或显影剂包含过渡金属离子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述过渡金属离子包含Cu2+。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含一个或多个芳族环。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含一个或多个杂环。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团是基本上无色的。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团是基本上无荧光的。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含选自以下的化合物:罗丹明衍生物、荧光素衍生物、对甲氨基酚衍生物、噁嗪衍生物、吡啶衍生物、咪唑衍生物、噁唑衍生物和噻唑衍生物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含在螺环处修饰的罗丹明螺内酰胺衍生物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含螺内酰胺-酰肼。
13.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其还包括用显影剂显影所述前荧光团以产生荧光团。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述显影剂包含催化剂和能够与所述前荧光团反应而产生荧光化合物的反应物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含金属离子,并且所述显影剂包含能够与所述金属离子反应、或与所述金属离子形成络合物而产生荧光化合物的反应物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述金属离子包含过渡金属离子。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述金属离子是镧系元素离子。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述过渡金属离子包含选自以下的离子:钪(Sc)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钇(Y)、铌(Nb)、铱(Ir)、钌(Ru)和铑(Rh)。
19.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中能够与所述过渡金属离子前荧光团反应的所述反应物包含隐色形式的阴离子。
20.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述前荧光团包含能够聚合而形成固体、层或颗粒、微粒或纳米颗粒的可聚合单体。
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- 2015-03-18 JP JP2017501090A patent/JP2017512692A/ja active Pending
- 2015-03-18 CN CN201580014368.6A patent/CN106103121B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3119610A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| EP3119610A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| CN106103121B (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
| CA2940655C (en) | 2020-07-07 |
| US10047282B2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
| US20150266332A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| WO2015142990A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| ES2978925T3 (es) | 2024-09-23 |
| CA2940655A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| JP2017512692A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
| EP3119610B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
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