CN1060622C - High-efficiency fertilizer for fish feed and producing process thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of special fertilizer for fish farming and its manufacturing process. It is characterized in that the basic formula of the fish fertilizer of the present invention is nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, which contains elements such as calcium, silicon, iron and magnesium, the chelating agent is sodium humate and EDTA, and the additives are rare earth, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride and Ferrous sulfate, etc. Acidification and ammonium phosphating reaction by adding acid to phosphate rock powder, and then adding appropriate amount of additives. The main performance of the fish fertilizer of the present invention is that it has the effect of directional cultivation of diatoms and algae in Chrysophyta, and is beneficial to improving the accumulation and transformation of EPA and DHA in fish.

Description

A kind of fish fertilizer and its manufacturing process

The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer manufacturing and relates to special fertilizers for aquaculture.

In the past two decades, due to the development of intensive fish farming, the fish production has continued to increase, and one of the main measures to increase production in the culture is to apply it to fish ponds regularly and quantitatively in suitable breeding seasons (such as summer and autumn). Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate have high fertilizer efficiency and can significantly increase the growth of plankton required by filter-feeding freshwater fish such as silver carp and bighead carp. Because fish farming with chemical fertilizers has the characteristics of good effect and no pollution, it has been popularized and promoted rapidly at home and abroad, especially in freshwater aquaculture in China in recent years.

Chinese invention patent application discloses a kind of " compound fertilizer for fishery and its manufacturing process " (seeing Chinese invention patent publication, publication number CN1058514A, patent application number 91108133X), except containing nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon in this fertilizer In addition to other elements, it also contains a certain amount of calcium, magnesium, iron and trace elements. The manufacturing process is to mix and stir urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, chelated iron and trace elements at room temperature, stack them for 2-3 hours to make ammonium phosphate, and then put them into a granulator to rotate for 1- For 2 minutes, spray appropriate amount of water according to the degree of dryness and wetness of the mixture, continue to rotate for 6-8 minutes, then add calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and rotate for 3-5 minutes, the formed fertilizer is properly dried, cooled and packaged as a finished product. The trace elements in the fertilizer are mainly zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and ammonium molybdate.

The above-mentioned fertilizers have a good effect on increasing fish production, but there are also the following defects: one is that specific algae such as diatoms and golden algae cannot be cultivated in a targeted manner, which is not conducive to cultivating high-quality fish; The impact on the quality of the invention will be described in detail, and it is difficult to judge its inventive effect.

The task of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, by adjusting the formula of special fertilizer for fish farming, directional cultivation of phytoplankton (algae), design a kind of high-efficiency fishery fertilizer that can effectively improve the quality of freshwater fish and can improve its output and its manufacturing process.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

According to the nutritional needs of freshwater aquaculture water, the present invention aims at the shortcoming that the soluble phosphorus content of general calcium (superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer) is relatively low, uses phosphate rock powder as raw material, adds chelating agent in proportion, and undergoes acidification treatment, Adding additives related to the directional cultivation of diatoms and golden algae can effectively increase the content of soluble phosphorus in the water body, reasonably adjust the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, inhibit the growth of green algae and blue algae, maintain the balance of related elements, and improve the nutritional conditions of the water body , through the directional cultivation of diatoms and golden algae that are suitable for filter-feeding silver carp, the content of EPA and DHA in the fish body is increased, thereby improving the quality of fish products.

The fish fertilizer of the present invention contains essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, silicon, iron and magnesium, and also contains chelating agents and other additives, wherein the nitrogen in N and the phosphorus content in P ₂ O ₅ The sum is 15-20%, the chelating agent is 0.5-0.7%, and the additive is 0.1-0.5%. The additive is selected from rare earth, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride and ferrous sulfate. The chelating agent can be selected from sodium humate and EDTA.

In the basic formula, the _ratio of nitrogen in N to phosphorus in _P2O5 by weight is 1:1, or 1:05, or 0.5:1, and the optimal ratio is 0.5:1 , this is because nitrogen in aquaculture water is richer than phosphorus, and phosphorus deficiency, especially increasing the content of water-soluble phosphorus in freshwater aquaculture water is an urgent problem to be solved in current production.

The chelating agent in the above fertilizers is preferably sodium humate, its function is to chelate various elements in the fertilizer well, and promote the transformation of insoluble P ₂ O ₅ in the fertilizer into water-soluble phosphorus.

The additives in the above fertilizers can be rare earth, manganese sulfate, or both, the effect is more significant.

According to the water quality (fish pond), an appropriate amount of elements such as zinc, copper, cobalt or molybdenum can also be added to the fertilizer. The manufacturing process of this fertilizer is:

a. First crush the phosphate rock, ball mill it, add a chelating agent according to the above ratio, add sulfuric acid to acidify it, and stack it at room temperature for about 14 days to make it mature;

b. Heat and dry the matured material, crush it after cooling, add nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate or sulfuric acid at a ratio of 1:1, or 1:0.5 or 0.5:1) Ammonium, etc., calculated as total nitrogen when used) mix evenly;

c. Add 0.01-0.5% rare earth 0.1-0.5% manganese sulfate, or add 0.1-0.4% manganese sulfate alone, mix evenly, and pack as a finished product.

The positive effect of the present invention is:

① Improve the content of water-soluble phosphorus in aquaculture water. According to measurement, the content of water-soluble phosphorus in the water body is 8-9% when superphosphate is applied, while that of the product of the present invention is more than 13%, and the content of water-soluble phosphorus is increased by about 30%.

② Improve the growth ratio of diatoms, golden algae, blue algae and green algae. After applying this fertilizer, when nitrogen: P ₂ O ₅ is 0.5:1, and the additive is rare earth + manganese sulfate, diatoms and golden algae account for The total amount of algae is 55.9%, and blue and edge algae account for 44.1%. See Table 1 and Table 2. Due to the directional cultivation of diatoms and golden algae, the contents of EPA and DHA in silver carp were increased. (See Table 3).

③The application of this fertilizer can increase the yield of fish, and its yield increase effect reaches 39.7% compared with the control.

Table 1 Effects of different ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus on the production of main algae ^*

Unit: 10,000 pieces/liter

*Test conditions: ① 4×4m cement pond, water depth 1m, tap water is aerated, add a small amount of fish pond water, and inoculate algae naturally.

②The additive is A+C (rare earth + manganese sulfate).

Table 2 Effects of different additives on the growth of main algae ^*

Unit: 10,000 pieces/liter

*Test conditions: ①The pool scale and treatment method are the same as Table 1①

② Additives and dosage: A: MnSO ₄ 0.1-0.5%; B: Cocl ₂ 0.1-0.5%

C: rare earth 0.01-0.10%; D: FeSO ₄ 0.1-0.5%

③N:P ₂ O ₅ =0.5:1

Table 3 The effect and quality of the fish fertilizer of the present invention on the growth of silver carp fingerlings in that year

1. The number in * is the individual's body length and weight;

2. The basic formula N:P ₂ O ₅ additive is A+C, and the ingredients are the same as those shown in Table 1.

Example 1:

N:P ₂ O ₅ =0.5:1, wherein nitrogen fertilizer (equivalent to total nitrogen) is 5.1% (weight percentage), and P ₂ O ₅ is 10.4% (weight percentage).

Chelating agent: sodium humate 0.5% (percentage by weight), additive is manganese sulfate 0.1% (percentage by weight), nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium chloride, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium percarbonate.

Example 2:

N:P ₂ O ₅ =1:1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer (equivalent to total nitrogen) is 8.9% (weight percent), P ₂ O ₅ is 8.5% (weight percent), and the chelating agent is EDTA 0.6% ( % by weight) the additive is rare earth 0.03% (percentage by weight), the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium persulfate or ammonium phosphate.

Example 3:

N:P ₂ O ₅ =1:0.5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer (equivalent to total nitrogen) is 12.8% (weight percent), P ₂ O ₅ is 6.5% (weight percent), and the chelating agent is humic acid The sodium is 0.7%, the additive is cobalt chloride 0.1% (percentage by weight), the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium phosphate.

The growth season of fish should be selected when applying (from May to October every year). All fish fertilizers and additives should be dissolved in water first and then splashed on the fish pond, so as to promote the vigorous reproduction of phytoplankton in the fish pond. The application of the Yuteli II special fertilizer of the present invention can not only promote the rapid growth of fish, but also improve the quality of fish, and also prevent and control fish diseases, which is an economical and effective breeding method.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of fertilizer for fish feed contains nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, silicon, iron and magnesium elements in its prescription, also contains intercalating agent and other additive, it is characterized in that, wherein by weight percentage, in the nitrogen of N and with P ₂O ₅The phosphorus content sum of meter is 15-20%, and the intercalating agent addition is 0.5-0.7% by weight percentage, and additive is from rare earth, and manganese sulfate is selected in cobalt chloride and the ferrous sulfate, and its addition is 0.1-0.5% by weight percentage.

2, fertilizer for fish feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein intercalating agent from humic acid with EDTA select.

3, fertilizer for fish feed as claimed in claim is characterized in that intercalating agent wherein is a sodium humate.

As claim 1 or 3 described fertilizer for fish feed, it is characterized in that 4, trace element wherein, additive are rare earth and/or manganese sulfate.

As claim 1 or 4 described fertilizer for fish feed, it is characterized in that 5, wherein nitrogen and the phosphorus adding proportion in material is 1: 1 or 1: 0.5 or 0.5: 1.

6, fertilizer for fish feed as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, wherein nitrogen and the phosphorus adding proportion in material is 0.5: 1.

7, the method for preparation fertilizer for fish feed as claimed in claim 1, its feature comprises:

A. with the rock phosphate in powder pulverizing, ball milling by 5-7 ‰ interpolation intercalating agents, adds sulfuric acid and changes into, and normal temperature stacking down made its slaking in about 14 days;

B. with the material heating, drying after the slaking, pulverize the cooling back, and the ratio in material is 1: 1 or 1: 0.5 or 0.5: 1 adding nitrogenous fertilizer mixing in nitrogen and phosphorus.

C. add by weight percentage 0.01-0.10% rare earth and 0.1-0.4% manganese sulfate, or singly add 0.1-0.5% manganese sulfate, mix and be final products.