CN105815344A - 一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂。本发明所述复合引诱剂为千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液混合而成的复合液，经研究发现，该复合引诱剂对橘小实蝇4~5、7~8和15~16日龄雌雄虫均具有很强的引诱力。其原料来源于动植物，原料易得，对人无害，在橘小实蝇的检疫和防治等农业技术领域方面有着非常广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及橘小实蝇的检疫处理与防治技术领域，具体涉及一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂。
背景技术
橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis(Hendel)，英文名为Orientalfruitfly，又名柑橘小实蝇，针蜂，果蛆，黄苍蝇，东方果实蝇等，隶属于双翅目实蝇科。被称为“头号水果杀手”，是一种为害严重的世界检疫性害虫。由于橘小实蝇在我国发生情况严重而且其繁殖速度和飞行能力惊人，传播和扩散范围广，给我国的橘小实蝇防治带来很大的障碍。
目前我国的柑橘产业已经受到重创，现有的防治橘小实蝇的方法主要是用化学农药和性诱剂诱杀，如有机磷杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯、多杀菌素等农药，以甲基丁香酚为主要成分的性诱剂。但是这些农药在诱杀橘小实蝇的同时，也使橘小实蝇的抗性不断增强，而甲基丁香酚的引诱效果也在不断减弱（张玉苹等,华南地区桔小实蝇田间种群抗药性的监测,华中农业大学学报,2008,04:456-459;HsuJuChun等,ChineseJournalofEntomology,2000,Vol.20No.2:109-118;黄素青,韩日畴.桔小实蝇的研究进展,昆虫知识,2005,05:479-484）。因此，针对为害严重的地区尤其是水果产区寻找无害化的防治技术具有重要的实际意义。
植物精油是植物的花、叶、果实、根茎等产生的一类次生代谢物质，是一类易挥发、具有强烈气味、可随水蒸气蒸馏出来的油状液体的总称，其来源于大自然，取材广泛，不污染环境，无残留，对人类健康无害。从中寻找对橘小实蝇具有引诱作用的植物精油制成引诱剂对于橘小实蝇的检疫处理和防控具有实际意义。
发明专利201510498232.9公开了一种桔小实蝇缓释型引诱剂，包括甲基丁香酚、增效剂（橙油、番石榴精油、芒果精油、枇杷花精油、杨桃精油）和缓释剂。发明专利201110306174.7公开了一种桔小实蝇复合引诱剂。该复合引诱剂由糖蜜水溶液、复合水解蛋白水溶液和水果香精（杨桃香精、芒果香精、菠萝香精、番石榴香精、香蕉香精或甜橙香精）组成。发明专利201210144886.8涉及了一种利用植物提取液引诱桔小实蝇的方法及其装置，所述植物提取液为黄金宝树的提取液。
目前主要研究寄主植物精油及其挥发性成分在引诱橘小实蝇方面的作用及机制，而对于非寄主植物的精油及其复合物用于橘小实蝇防治技术领域的研究报道相对较少。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂。
采用千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液按照体积重量份配比1:1:2混合而成的复合液作为橘小实蝇雌雄虫复合引诱剂。
将上述复合引诱剂用丙酮稀释为5~25μL/mL，以25μL/mL稀释浓度的引诱效果最佳。
该复合液作为橘小实蝇引诱剂时，只需将该复合液置于诱捕器中，挂于橘小实蝇为害的地方。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液按照体积重量份配比1:1:2混合而成的复合引诱剂，其中的挥发性物质，可使橘小实蝇在较远处即受到气味的影响而对目标物进行选择，因此对橘小实蝇具有很好的引诱作用，能有效干扰橘小实蝇的选择行为进而获得杀灭的效果。本发明所述千层金精油、柠檬精油和蛋白胨来源于动植物，实际生产中原料易得，对人体无害。本发明在橘小实蝇的检疫和防治等农业技术领域方面有着非常广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步解释本发明，但不对本发明构成任何形式的限制。除有特殊说明外，以下实施例中的方法步骤及试剂均为本领域常用。
实施例1
将千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液按照体积重量份配比1:1:2混合制成复合引诱剂，用丙酮依次稀释成5、15、25μL/mL的浓度梯度，进行橘小实蝇的趋性行为实验，以复合引诱剂原液为对照，丙酮为空白对照，具体测试过程如下：
采用Y型嗅觉仪测试，该装置由增氧气泵，活性碳空气过滤瓶，双蒸水空气加湿瓶、玻璃转子流量计、味源瓶和Y型管（直管长15cm，2个侧臂长20cm，两臂夹角为75°）组成，各部件之间以硅胶管连接。测定时，用移液枪吸取2μL复合引诱剂均匀滴加在2cm2的滤纸上，以等量的丙酮作空白对照，然后将处理和对照滤纸分别放入相应的Y型管两臂前端中。将装有20只成虫的50mL塑料离心管（底部有透气孔）插到直管末端，打开气泵（空气流量为160mL/min），观察10min并记录成虫的行为反应。测试过程中，停留在直管的成虫视为未发生反应，进入处理臂或对照臂5cm以上并停留1min的成虫视为选择性反应。利用上述方法，分别测定4~5日龄、7~8日龄以及15~16日龄的橘小实蝇雌雄虫，供试成虫均只使用1次。重复6次，每次测试后用无水乙醇清洗整个装置并烘干，交换Y型管两臂位置，以消除几何位置对其行为的影响。所有测试均在室温25±2℃，光线明亮，空气洁净且相对封闭的实验室中进行。
测试样品对橘小实蝇的引诱率利用以下公式进行计算：
引诱率=（处理臂虫数／供试虫数）×100%
测试结果：结果表明该复合引诱剂对任一日龄橘小实蝇雌雄虫的引诱率随稀释浓度的增大而增大，以25μL/mL的引诱效果最佳，除了对7~8日龄雌虫的引诱率与原液差异显著外，其他日龄均差异不显著，见表1。
表1不同浓度的复合引诱剂对橘小实蝇成虫的引诱效果
注：表中所列数据为平均数±标准误，同列数据后面不同小写字母表示经方差分析差异显著（P<0.05）。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂，其特征在于：所述复合引诱剂为千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液组成，所述千层金精油、柠檬精油与25wt.%蛋白胨溶液按体积重量份配比1:1:2复合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂，其特征在于：所述复合引诱剂的有效稀释浓度为5~25μL/mL，用有机溶剂稀释。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种橘小实蝇复合引诱剂，其特征在于：所述有机溶剂为丙酮。
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| CN106818923A (zh) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-13 | 福建农林大学 | 一种诱杀橘小实蝇的微胶囊悬浮剂 |
| CN107494629A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种实蝇类害虫植物引诱组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN108323532A (zh) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-07-27 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种缓释型橘小实蝇引诱剂及制作方法 |
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