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CN105555900B - 摩擦材料 - Google Patents

摩擦材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105555900B
CN105555900B CN201480051357.0A CN201480051357A CN105555900B CN 105555900 B CN105555900 B CN 105555900B CN 201480051357 A CN201480051357 A CN 201480051357A CN 105555900 B CN105555900 B CN 105555900B
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Prior art keywords
friction material
friction
titanate
fibers
volume
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CN105555900A (zh
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室谷有纪
日下聪
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Akebono Brake Industry Co Ltd
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Akebono Brake Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料不包含铜组分并且耐磨性优秀、高温下的摩擦系数高。本发明涉及的摩擦材料包含至少两种钛酸盐和陶瓷纤维,并且不包含铜组分。

Description

摩擦材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不包含铜组分的摩擦材料,具体地涉及一种用于机动车辆、轨道车辆和工业机器等的制动器垫、制动衬片和离合器等的摩擦材料。
背景技术
用于诸如盘式制动器和鼓式制动器的制动器以及离合器等的摩擦材料,由诸如用于发挥强化功能的纤维基材、用于赋予摩擦作用及调整其摩擦性能的摩擦调整材料和用于整合这些组分的粘合剂的原材料组成。
由于近来车辆的高性能化和高速化的进展,制动器的作用变得越来越重要,并且制动器必须具有足够高的摩擦系数(有效性)。此外,由于在高速下制动时温度变高,与在低温和低速下制动时的摩擦状态不同,所以需要由于温度变化导致的摩擦系数的变化小的稳定的摩擦性质。
现在,公知的是,向一般的摩擦材料中并入适当量的金属纤维,在增强摩擦材料的强度、稳定其摩擦系数、进一步在高温下保持摩擦系数并改善热辐射效能、提高耐磨性等是有效的。关注金属纤维的这些特性,专利文献1公开了一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料包含5质量%~10质量%的钢纤维、5质量%~10质量%的平均纤维长度为2mm~3mm的铜纤维、以及2质量%~5质量%的粒径为5μm~75μm的锌粉。
根据专利文献1,当摩擦材料在预定量的范围内包含铜纤维时,能够提高低温下的摩擦系数,并且抑制在高温和高速下摩擦系数的下降。认为其原因在于,在摩擦材料与匹配材料(盘式转子)之间摩擦的期间,由于摩擦材料中包含的铜的延展性,在匹配材料的表面上形成粘附被覆膜,并且起到保护膜的作用,从而能够在高温下保持高摩擦系数并抑制匹配材料的磨损。
然而,在一些情况下,盘式转子的磨损粉末或制动器垫的摩擦材料中包含的金属组分咬入摩擦材料中,并在其中聚集成大金属块,聚集的大金属块残留在制动器垫与盘式转子之间。有时,通过聚集由此形成的金属块导致制动器垫或盘式转子异常磨损(专利文献2)。
目前,在大多数情况下,摩擦材料中包含金属组分主要是金属纤维,诸如钢纤维或铜纤维。在大量包含金属纤维的情况下,有着引起上述盘式转子异常磨损的可能。
此外,摩擦材料中包含的铜组分作为制动的磨损粉末排出,因此其对自然环境的影响已被指出。
于是,专利文献3公开了一种抑制摩擦材料中的铜组分洗脱(elution)的方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:JP-A-2010-77341
专利文献2:JP-A-2007-218395
专利文献3:JP-A-2010-285558
发明概述
本发明待解决的问题
如上所述,为了减少匹配材料(盘式转子)的异常磨损量以及降低环境负担,以各种方式研究了不包含铜组分的摩擦材料和抑制铜组分等的洗脱的摩擦材料等。然而,不包含铜组分的摩擦材料不能形成由于铜的延展性产生的粘附被覆膜(保护膜),并且具有高温下的摩擦系数降低以及磨损量增加的问题。
于是,当为了代替铜的粘附被覆膜效果,在摩擦材料中使用大量钛酸盐时,在匹配材料上形成转移膜。然而,当单独使用钛酸盐时,所形成的转移膜过厚,导致制动期间被覆膜开裂和部分剥离的发生。因此,制动器垫和盘式转子之间的接触不稳定,并且摩擦材料的摩擦系数变得不稳定,导致了磨损量增加的可能性。因此有着改进的空间。
因此,本发明的目标是提供一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料不包含铜组分并且高温下的摩擦系数高、耐磨性优秀。
解决问题的手段
本发明人已经发现,能够通过除了形成转移膜的钛酸盐,进一步使用另一种钛酸盐以及陶瓷纤维,获得不包含铜组分并且在高温下具有高摩擦系数和优秀的耐磨性的摩擦材料,由此完成本发明。
在本说明书中,短语“不包含铜组分”意指任何铜纤维、铜粉、含铜合金(诸如黄铜或青铜)及其化合物不作为摩擦材料的原材料并入。从环境负担的角度来看,作为杂质包含的铜组分的量优选为0.5质量%以下。
即,本发明解决以上问题,并且涉及下列[1]至[8]。
[1]一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料包含两种以上钛酸盐和陶瓷纤维,并且不包含铜组分。
[2]根据[1]所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含两种以上碱金属钛酸盐。
[3]根据[1]所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含碱土金属-碱金属钛酸盐和碱金属钛酸盐。
[4]根据[1]或[2]所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含钛酸锂钾和钛酸钾。
[5]根据[1]或[3]所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含钛酸镁钾和钛酸钾。
[6]根据[1]至[5]任意一项所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为0.1~10μm,纤维长度为1~1000μm,并且渣球含量为0.1~70质量%。
[7]根据[1]至[6]任意一项所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐在所述摩擦材料中的含量合计为3~40体积%。
[8]根据[1]至[7]任意一项所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述陶瓷纤维在所述摩擦材料中的含量为1~6体积%。
本发明的有利效果
根据本发明,代替由于铜组分产生的粘附被覆膜,由钛酸盐形成的转移膜的移附程度能够通过另一不同种类的钛酸盐来调节,并且此外,转移膜能够被陶瓷纤维研磨至恰当的厚度。由此,即使在不包含铜组分时,也能够获得高温下的摩擦系数高并且耐磨性优秀的摩擦材料。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的摩擦材料包含两种以上钛酸盐和陶瓷纤维,并且不包含铜组分。
此处,在本说明书中,“质量%”和“重量%”分别具有相同的含义,并且“质量份”和“重量份”也分别具有相同的含义。
<摩擦材料>
摩擦材料通常包含粘合剂、摩擦调整材料、纤维基材和润滑材料,并且作为上述摩擦调整材料包含诸如有机填料或无机填料的填料、磨料或金属粉末等。
本发明中的钛酸盐用作填料,并且陶瓷纤维用作纤维基材。
<钛酸盐>
根据本发明的摩擦材料包含两种以上钛酸盐。关于钛酸盐,出于调整移附程度的目的,优选地使用两种以上钛酸盐。
在两种以上钛酸盐中,至少一种钛酸盐的实例包括碱金属钛酸盐和碱土金属-碱金属钛酸盐等。更具体地,其优选的实例包括钛酸锂钾和钛酸镁钾等。
尤其是,称作鳞片状(层状)、柱状、板状或扁平状的形状是优选的,并且具有这样形状的钛酸锂钾或钛酸镁钾是更优选的。另外,在稳定效果的方面,形状更优选为层状。
关于钛酸锂钾的分子式,可以使用KxLiyTizOw等,其中,x=0.5~0.7,y=0.27,z=1.73,以及w=3.85~3.95。
关于钛酸镁钾的分子式,可以使用KxMgyTizOw等,其中,x=0.2~0.7,y=0.4,z=1.6,以及w=3.7~3.95。
用于调整转移膜的形成程度的其他钛酸盐的实例包括碱金属钛酸盐等。更具体地,其优选的实例包括钛酸钾、钛酸锂和钛酸钠等。
尤其是,具有纤维状、球形、粉末或无定形形状或者具有多个凸部的形状的钛酸盐是优选的,因为其形状与具有鳞片状(层状)、柱状、板状或扁平状形状的钛酸盐不同,并且具有这样形状的钛酸钾是更优选的。尤其是,在耐磨性的方面,形状具有多个凸部的钛酸盐是更优选的。
在本说明书中,“具有多个凸部的形状”意指钛酸盐在平面上的投影形状能够采取至少不同于普通多边形、圆形和椭圆形等的、在两个以上的方向上具有凸部的形状。
此凸部意指从拟合使用光学或电子显微镜等获取的照片(投影图像)的多边形、圆形或椭圆形等(基本图形)突出的部分。具有多个凸部的形状的钛酸盐的三维形状,其投影视图的具体实例包括回力镖形、十字形、变形虫形、各种动物或植物的部分(例如手、角、叶等)或其整体形状,或类似形状,以及金平糖形状等。
综上所述,优选的是本发明中的两种以上钛酸盐包含两种以上碱金属钛酸盐,或者包含碱土金属-碱金属钛酸盐和碱金属钛酸盐。更具体地,特别优选的是包含钛酸锂钾和钛酸钾,或者钛酸镁钾和钛酸钾。
本发明中的两种以上钛酸盐可以是结晶型的或无定形的。另外,从提高摩擦材料强度的观点来看,钛酸盐可以是用硅烷偶联剂等在其表面上进行过表面处理的。
从使效果稳定和改进衰减特性诸如防止衰减期间摩擦系数的降低的方面,具有鳞片状(层状)、柱状、板状或扁平状形状的钛酸盐在全部摩擦材料中的含量优选为2~30体积%,更优选为2~25体积%。
从耐磨性的方面,具有纤维状、球形、粉末或无定形形状或者具有多个凸部的形状的钛酸盐在全部摩擦材料中的含量优选为1~25体积%,更优选为1~20体积%。
从耐磨性的方面,钛酸盐在摩擦材料中的总含量优选为3~40体积%,更优选为3~30体积%。
<陶瓷纤维>
当大量使用上述钛酸盐时,为了由转移膜产生的附着功能的增强效果,形成的转移膜的厚度变得过厚。在过厚的被覆膜上容易形成裂缝或缺陷,并且裂缝等促使部分剥离容易发生。当被覆膜剥离时,摩擦材料(制动器垫)和匹配材料(盘式转子)之间的接触不稳定,有效性(摩擦系数)变得不稳定,导致了耐磨性劣化的可能性。
另一方面,当磨料太硬并且过度研磨转移膜时,有着发生啸叫的可能性。由于此原因,在本发明中,使用陶瓷纤维作为柔和磨料,其将转移膜研磨至恰当的厚度。尤其是,更优选地使用包含渣球(shot)(粒状物)的陶瓷纤维。
在本发明中,陶瓷纤维是一种无机纤维,其实例包括生物可溶性无机纤维和生物不溶性无机纤维,其中生物可溶性无机纤维具有即使在导入人体后也在短时间内分解并排出体外的特征。
生物可溶性无机纤维意指满足下列的无机纤维:在其化学组成中碱金属氧化物和碱土金属氧化物的总量(钠、钾、钙、镁和钡的氧化物的总量)为18质量%以上,并且在呼吸短期生物耐久性测试中20μm以下的纤维的质量半衰期在10天之内,或者在气管内注入时短期生物耐久性测试中20μm以上的纤维的质量半衰期在40天之内,或者在腹腔测试中没有过度致癌性的证据,或者在长期呼吸测试中没有相关的致病性或肿瘤形成(欧盟委员会指令97/69/EC的Note Q(排除致癌性的应用))。
这样的生物可溶性无机纤维优选包含选自由SiO2、MgO和SrO所组成的组中的至少一种作为其化学组成,并且其具体实例包括诸如SiO2-CaO-MgO系纤维、SiO2-CaO系纤维、SiO2-MgO系纤维或者SiO2-MgO-SrO系纤维的生物可溶性陶瓷纤维,以及诸如SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3系纤维的生物可溶性岩棉等。
在本发明中使用的陶瓷纤维优选为作为生物可溶性陶瓷纤维的SiO2-MgO-SrO系纤维,其具有与硅酸铝纤维等同的优秀耐热性,并且还具有优秀的生物可溶性和耐水性。另外,这样的生物可溶性无机纤维是由常用的熔融纺丝法等通过无机纤维原料的纤维形成而制造的。
关于生物可溶性岩棉或生物可溶性陶瓷纤维,诸如SiO2-CaO-MgO系纤维、SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3系纤维或SiO2-MgO-SrO系纤维,可以使用市售的RB220-Roxul1000(由Lapinus B.V.制造)、FINE FLEX-E BULK FIBER-T(由Nichias Corporation制造)或BIOSTAR BULK FIBER(由ITM Co.,Ltd.制造)等。
生物不溶性陶瓷纤维的实例包括Al2O3-SiO2系纤维、Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2系纤维、Al2O3系纤维和莫来石系纤维等。
陶瓷纤维优选具有0.1~10μm的纤维直径和1~1000μm的纤维长度,并且更优选为0.2~6μm的纤维直径和10~850μm的纤维长度。在这些范围内,能够有效呈现本发明的效果。
纤维直径和纤维长度可以根据JIS A9504来分别测量。
另外,一般来说,能够用于本发明的陶瓷纤维包含在制造过程中未形成在纤维中的渣球(粒状物)。在纤维基材中,渣球含量优选为0.1~70质量%。当渣球含量超出上述范围时,对匹配材料的冲击性质增大。另一方面,当渣球含量低于上述范围时,不能预期对匹配材料的清洁效果。
也可以在制造过程中分离陶瓷纤维和渣球,并且以任意比率将其掺混使用。另外,陶瓷纤维可以是用硅烷偶联剂等在其表面上进行过表面处理的。
在本发明中,在转子冲击性质的方面,陶瓷纤维在整个摩擦材料中的使用量通常为1~6体积%,优选为1~3体积%。
<其他组分>
关于在根据本发明的摩擦材料中包含的其他组分,下面将描述粘合剂、摩擦调整材料(填料、磨料、金属粉末)、纤维基材和润滑材料。
(粘合剂)
关于粘合剂,仅需要包含常用的粘合剂。
其具体实例包括热固性树脂,诸如酚醛树脂(包括直线型酚醛树脂和各种改性的酚醛树脂)、弹性体改性的酚醛树脂、密胺树脂、环氧树脂和聚酰亚胺树脂。各种改性的酚醛树脂的实例包括烃类树脂改性的酚醛树脂和环氧改性的酚醛树脂等。
在弹性体改性的酚醛树脂中,用于改性酚醛树脂的弹性体可以是任意树脂,只要其赋予酚醛树脂可塑性即可,并且实例为交联的天然橡胶和合成橡胶。
关于用于改性酚醛树脂的弹性体,优选使用丙烯酸橡胶或硅酮橡胶等。
在整个摩擦材料中包含的弹性体改性的酚醛树脂的量优选为10~30体积%,更优选为10~25体积%。在此范围之内时,即使不存在源自金属组分的粘附被覆膜,也可以获得低温下摩擦系数的稳定化。
在本发明中,粘合剂在整个摩擦材料中的使用量通常为10~30体积%,优选为10~25体积%。
(摩擦调整材料:填料)
可以包含除钛酸盐之外的有机填料或无机填料作为填料。有机填料的实例包括,例如,包括丁腈橡胶(NBR)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)或丁二烯橡胶(BR)等的各种橡胶、胎面胶、以及诸如橡胶粉尘和腰果粉尘的有机粉尘等。
除钛酸盐之外的无机填料的实例包括,例如,蛭石、云母、氢氧化钙、硫酸钡和碳酸钙等。
有机填料在摩擦材料中的含量优选为1~20体积%。包括钛酸盐的无机填料在摩擦材料中的含量优选为1~70体积%。
(摩擦调整材料:磨料)
磨料的粒径越小,磨料越柔和。但是,当粒径太小时,不能发挥作为磨料的作用。另一方面,粒径越大,对匹配材料的研磨越多,从而提高摩擦系数。但是,当粒径太大时,过度研磨匹配材料。需要根据磨料的种类、形状或莫氏硬度调整其粒径或含量。
磨料的实例包括,例如,氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳化硅、莫来石、氧化锆、硅酸锆、四氧化三铁、氧化镁和亚铬酸盐等。
全部磨料在摩擦材料中的含量通常为1~9体积%。
(摩擦调整材料:金属粉末)
关于金属粉末,能够使用除铜以外的金属,诸如锌、铁、锡、铝或Fe-Al金属间化合物。金属粉末在摩擦材料中的总含量通常为0.5~3体积%。
(纤维基材)
关于纤维基材,有机纤维的实例包括芳香族聚酰胺(芳纶)纤维、纤维素纤维和聚丙烯酸纤维等。
另外,除陶瓷纤维外的无机纤维的实例包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维和岩棉等。
金属纤维的实例包括钢、铝、锌、锡和锡合金以及不锈钢等的纤维。
还包括陶瓷纤维的全部纤维基材并且在摩擦材料中的含量通常为1~35体积%,优选为5~30体积%。
(润滑材料)
润滑材料的实例包括石墨、磷酸盐涂层石墨、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、硫化锡、二硫化钼、硫化铁、硫化锌和三硫化锑等。全部润滑材料在摩擦材料中的含量通常优选为15体积%以下。
磷酸盐涂层石墨是通过用磷酸盐对石墨进行涂层获得的,石墨通常用作固体润滑材料。通过用磷酸盐对石墨进行涂层,增强了高温下向转子的移附,从而能够降低转子的磨损量。
对于涂层石墨用的磷酸盐,构成该盐的金属优选为属于周期表(长周期式)1族、2族、12族或13族的金属。具体来说,其优选实例包括属于1族的Na和K,属于2族的Mg,属于12族的Zn,以及属于13族的Al等。具体来说,优选使用选自由磷酸铝、磷酸镁、磷酸钙、磷酸钾、磷酸钠和磷酸锌所组成的组中的至少一种。从水溶性和pH等的观点来看,这些磷酸盐优选为磷酸氢盐。
关于用磷酸盐对石墨进行涂层的方法,能够使用传统的方法,例如JP-A-2011-102381中描述的方法。
从获得适当厚度的转移层的观点来看,磷酸盐涂布石墨在摩擦材料中的含量优选为1~9体积%,更优选为1~6体积%。
全部润滑材料在摩擦材料中的含量通常为1~15体积%。
尽管以上例示了摩擦材料中可以包含的各种组分,相应的组分可以单独使用或者组合使用其多种。
<摩擦材料的制造方法>
为了制造根据本发明的摩擦材料,可以通过掺混上述各组分,根据通常的制造方法预成型所得掺混物,并且进行诸如热成型、加热和研磨等处理来制造。包含上述摩擦材料的制动器垫能够通过下列步骤(1)至(4)来制造:
(1)通过板金冲压机,将钢板(压板)成形为预定形状的步骤,
(2)对成形为预定形状的钢板进行脱脂处理、化学处理和底涂处理,并且用粘合剂涂布的步骤,
(3)对经历了上述步骤(1)和(2)之后的压板和上述摩擦材料的预成型体,在热处理步骤的预定温度和压力下的进行热成型,从而将两个部件整体固定的步骤,以及
(4)其后进行后固化,并且最终进行诸如研磨、灼烧和涂漆的精加工的步骤。
实施例
下面通过实施例具体地描述本发明。然而,本发明不仅限于这些实施例。
<实施例1至8和比较例1至4>
根据表1中示出的掺混组成(体积%),在混合机中均匀混合各个摩擦材料的掺混材料,从而获得各个摩擦材料混合物。随后,在室温和20MPa的压力下预成型摩擦材料混合物10秒钟。将成型后的预成型制品置于热成型模具,向其上层叠预先涂布粘合剂的金属板(压板:P/P),随后在150℃的温度和40MPa的成形表面压力下进行热压成形5分钟。将热压成型制品在150~300℃下热处理1~4小时,并且研磨并涂布至预定厚度。由此获得了含有根据实施例1至8和比较例1至4的摩擦材料的制动器垫。
关于钛酸锂钾,使用了层状-鳞片状TERRACESS L-SS(由Otsuka Chemical Co.,Ltd.制造)。关于钛酸镁钾,使用了层状-鳞片状TERRACESS P-SS(由Otsuka Chemical Co.,Ltd.制造)。关于钛酸钾,分别使用了纤维状TISMO D(由Otsuka Chemical Co.,Ltd.制造)和具有多个凸部的形状的TERRACESS JP(由Otsuka Chemical Co.,Ltd.制造)。
关于陶瓷纤维,使用了渣球含量为60%的SiO2-MgO-SrO系生物可溶性纤维(BIOSTAR 200/50,由ITM Co.,Ltd.制造)。
通过下列过程获得磷酸盐涂层石墨。
将磷酸二氢铝溶解在纯水中,制备其浓度为1质量%的水溶液。向100质量份此水溶液中加入42质量份人造石墨(由Tokai Carbon Co.,Ltd.制造,G152A(商品名),平均粒径:700μm),随后使用旋转叶片式搅拌器(由AS ONE Corporation制造,PM-203(型号名称))在50℃的温度下搅拌1小时。
在大气中干燥24小时,使所得混合物崩解,其后在真空下在800℃热处理3小时。在热处理之后,将其在研钵中粉碎,从而获得颗粒表面被磷酸二氢铝涂布的石墨粉末(磷酸盐涂层石墨)。
所得制动器垫的摩擦特性的评价方法示出如下。
根据JASO C427(不同温度的磨损试验),通过使用1/7比例测试仪进行摩擦特性的评价。固定初始速度为50km/h、减速度为2.94m/s2,进行200次摩擦抛光(burnishing)。其后,在300℃重复制动500次,在400℃重复制动500次,在500℃重复制动500次。对于400℃和500℃制动后的磨损量和500℃制动后的摩擦系数μ,分别确定平均值。将磨损量换算成相当于重复制动1000次的磨损量。结果在表1中示出。关于盘式转子材料,使用了相当于FC250的材料。
在表1中,“500℃磨损评价”意指,基于比较例1的结果,在500℃下的垫磨损量为-30%以下的情况评价为A,高于-30%且-10%以下的情况评价为B,高于-10%且小于+10%的情况评价为C,以及+10%以上的情况评价为D。
“500℃性能评价”意指,在500℃下的摩擦系数μ的平均值为0.4以上的情况表示为A,小于0.4的情况表示为B。
包含根据比较例1的摩擦材料的制动器垫含有铜纤维,并且其掺混组成对应于传统上通常用作NAO(无石棉有机物)材料的摩擦材料的掺混组成。在包含根据比较例2的其中未掺混铜纤维的摩擦材料的制动器垫中,与比较例1相比,500℃下的磨损量极大地增加至+58%(在表中描述为D)。所认为的是,这是因为在匹配材料上没有形成由铜产生的粘附被覆膜。另外,在比较例3中,即使仅添加了被认为在匹配材料上形成转移膜的磷酸盐涂层石墨,与比较例1相比,500℃下的磨损量仍然高至+35%(在表中描述为D)。
但是,在实施例7中已经发现,通过在除钛酸钾之外还添加钛酸镁钾,与比较例1相比,500℃下的磨损量大幅改善为低至-32%(在表中描述为A)。另外,在实施例1至6和8中,通过在除钛酸钾之外还添加钛酸锂钾,与比较例1相比,500℃下的磨损量大幅改善。此时,如实施例1至3所示,即使作为润滑材料的石墨和磷酸盐涂层石墨的掺混率以及陶瓷纤维的含量改变,也能获得良好的摩擦系数和摩擦特性。
另外,从实施例2和4至8的结果已经发现,当包含两种不同的钛酸盐时,无论钛酸盐的种类、其在全部摩擦材料中的掺混量以及两者钛酸盐的掺混率,都能够获得本发明的效果。
综上所述,已经发现通过包含两种以上不同的钛酸盐和陶瓷纤维,即使在不形成由铜组分产生的粘附被覆膜时,也能防止摩擦材料在高温下的摩擦系数下降,并且获得良好的耐磨性。所认为的是,通过两种以上不同的钛酸盐在匹配材料上形成转移膜,从而能够获得良好的摩擦系数,并且转移膜被陶瓷纤维恰当的研磨而达到恰当的厚度,结果获得了良好的耐磨性。以此原因,已经发现,根据本发明能够获得呈现等同于或优于含有铜组分的传统摩擦材料的性能的优秀摩擦材料。
尽管已详细地并参考具体实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但对于本领域技术人员来说,显然可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围时,在其中做出各种改变和修改。本发明基于2013年9月17日提交的日本专利申请号2013-192144,其内容通过引用并入本文。
工业实用性
根据本发明的摩擦材料因为不包含铜组分,所以是环境负荷低的摩擦材料。此外,除了不包含铜组分之外,通过包含两种以上不同种类的钛酸盐和陶瓷纤维,获得了具有等同于或优于传统摩擦材料的高温下的摩擦系数以及优秀的耐磨性的摩擦材料。因此,根据本发明的摩擦材料可以特别有用地应用于机动车辆、轨道车辆和工业机器等的制动器垫、制动衬片和离合器等,并且其技术意义极其显著。

Claims (6)

1.一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料包含两种以上钛酸盐、陶瓷纤维和磷酸盐涂层石墨,并且不包含铜组分,
其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含碱土金属-碱金属钛酸盐和碱金属钛酸盐,
其中,在所述摩擦材料中,所述钛酸盐的总含量为3~40体积%,所述陶瓷纤维的含量为1~6体积%,并且所述磷酸盐涂层石墨的含量为1~9体积%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含钛酸镁钾和钛酸钾。
3.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为0.1~10μm,纤维长度为1~1000μm,并且渣球含量为0.1~70质量%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为0.1~10μm,纤维长度为1~1000μm,并且渣球含量为0.1~70质量%。
5.一种摩擦材料,该摩擦材料包含两种以上钛酸盐、陶瓷纤维和磷酸盐涂层石墨,并且不包含铜组分,
其中,所述两种以上钛酸盐包含钛酸锂钾和钛酸钾,
其中,在所述摩擦材料中,所述钛酸盐的总含量为3~40体积%,所述陶瓷纤维的含量为1~6体积%,并且所述磷酸盐涂层石墨的含量为1~9体积%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的摩擦材料,其中,所述陶瓷纤维的纤维直径为0.1~10μm,纤维长度为1~1000μm,并且渣球含量为0.1~70质量%。
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