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CN1054565A - 可重新灌装的聚酯容器及生产它的预型件 - Google Patents

可重新灌装的聚酯容器及生产它的预型件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1054565A
CN1054565A CN90110016A CN90110016A CN1054565A CN 1054565 A CN1054565 A CN 1054565A CN 90110016 A CN90110016 A CN 90110016A CN 90110016 A CN90110016 A CN 90110016A CN 1054565 A CN1054565 A CN 1054565A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
preform
container
blowing mould
wall thickness
bump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN90110016A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1027056C (zh
Inventor
萨佩安·M·科瑞史纳卡马
韦恩·N·科来特
托马斯·E·纳黑尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Continental PET Technologies Inc
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Publication date
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Application filed by Continental PET Technologies Inc filed Critical Continental PET Technologies Inc
Publication of CN1054565A publication Critical patent/CN1054565A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1027056C publication Critical patent/CN1027056C/zh
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2049/7879—Stretching, e.g. stretch rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
    • B29C2949/0724—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness at body portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
    • B29C2949/0725—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness at bottom portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/073—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter
    • B29C2949/0733—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable diameter at body portion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/0769—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the lip, i.e. very top of preform neck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
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    • B29C2949/078—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2949/078—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the bottom
    • B29C2949/0781—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the bottom characterised by the sprue, i.e. injection mark
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是关于一个可重新灌装的容器，其形式为 一个吹模聚酯双轴定向瓶，其中所述容器包括一个隆 起的底部，在隆起的中央壁厚逐渐及平滑地增加至最 大。本发明还关于一个生产这种容器的预型件，和容 纳一个带有底面轴向凸起的预型件的吹模空腔，该凸 起的形式为一个细长的浇口。

Description

本发明是关于对塑料容器的新的和有用的改进，更具体说是关于一个具有改进底部的吹模聚脂容器，这种底部可防止张力破裂，以及吹模制造这种容器的预型件。
作为一种经济上和商业上实用的方法，可重新灌装的塑料瓶解决了与一次性使用塑料瓶（更具体说由PET制造塑料容器）相关的占用土地和回收问题。此外，可重新灌装的将允许安全，轻便的塑料瓶进入现在由玻璃占领的市场，在市场上法律禁止使用不可回收的包装。
例如1982年6月15日审定的美国专利No.4，334，627具体讨论了由聚脂制成的可重新灌装的容器的要求。该专利的说明书在这里作为参考。
目前，应当知道几种聚脂可提供生产可重新灌装的塑料瓶所需的理想透明度和物理性质。这些聚脂包括聚乙烯对酞酸盐（PET），丙烯腈，聚丙烯酸脂，聚碳酸脂等。目前商品化的聚脂可提供性质和成本/性能比的最佳平衡。
美国专利No.4，334，627中具体公开的容器已被改进，并公开于1988年2月16日审定的美国专利No4725464中。该专利具体参考了美国专利No.4，334，627。
本发明是关于对美国专利No.725，464公开的容器的改进以及吹模制造这种容器的预型件。
每当一个重新使用一个可重新灌装的容器时，它必须经过一个循环过程。该过程包括（1）对空瓶的苛性冲洗，（2）污染检测和产品的灌装/加盖，（3）仓库存储，（4）分配给批发商及零售点和（5）由消费者购买，使用和空瓶存储，然后最终返回给制瓶商。正是加热的苛性冲洗对重新使用一个吹模聚脂容器最具有决定性。业已发现经受苛性冲洗的双轴定向吹模聚脂容器的失效（经裂纹的开始和扩展）最开始产生于底部特别是定向程度小或无定向的底部中心区。本发明所涉及的正是对双轴定向吹模聚脂容器特别是PET瓶和类似物品的承受能力的改进。
根据本发明，预型件的底部形成部分的具体形状被改进，从而提供一个改进的容器底部。
参照下面的详细描述，权利要求书以及在附图中所示的几个视图，可以更清楚地了解本发明上述和其它目的及性质。
图1是一个示意图，示出了一个可重新灌装容器所必须经过典型过程或步骤。
图2是一沿本发明所涉及的容器形状所取的垂直剖视图。
图3是沿图2所示容器的底部所示的局部放大垂直剖视图。
图4是沿形成图2所示容器的预型件所取的垂直剖视图。
图5是沿图4的5-5线所取的水平剖视图，示出了预型件瓶体部分的横剖视图。
图6是沿图4的6-6线所取的水平横剖视图，具体示出了预型件的容器底部形成部分的厚度增加。
图7是沿预型件的底部所取的局部放大垂直剖视图，示出了改进的预型件结构的具体形状。
图8是一局部垂直剖视图，示出了图7的底部，其中底部的中心部分与一拉延吹模中心杆啮合。
图9是一沿吹模底部所取的局部垂直剖视图，其中图4的预型件被吹模制造成图2所示的容器。
首先每个容器都要经受一次典型的大规模苛性洗涤液的冲洗，按重量计该洗涤液是由3.5的氢氧化钠与来自水制备的。在一大型洗瓶系统中，洗涤液被保持在140°F，并且不带盖的容器被浸泡在洗涤液中15分钟。
在从洗涤液中取出后，容器由自来水漂洗，然后重新灌装一种所需的液状产品，这种产品可以是在4.0±0.2的大气压下灌装和加盖的碳酸饮料。这种灌装后的容器必须在24小时内在50%RH下承受100°F的温度。
图1示出了在容器的一次使用中一个容器所要经过的一般过程。
一般来说，一个拉延吹模容器的上肩部和底部的分子定向程度低于该容器的瓶体部分或标牌部分的分子定向程度。在一个可重新灌装的容器中，所有是潜在应力集中处的特征（例如凹槽，槽和台阶）都避免位于上肩部和底部。任何装饰性的浮雕，凹槽，槽等等应当限制在分子定向程度较高的部分。
为了在热的苛性洗涤液中在蠕变体积增长和热收缩之间取得良好的平衡，形成容器标牌部分的预型件的总厚度减小率为7.5到10.5，圆周方向的拉延率为3.2到3.5，在轴向方向的拉延率为2.3到2.9。
预型件的下瓶体和底部形成部分具有部分PQ，QR，RS和ST。这些部分分别形成了图3所示容器的部分pq，qr，rs和st。
现在详细参见附图，首先参照图4，其中示出了根据本发明的一个预型件的垂直剖视图，预型件通常由数字10表示。预型件10的上部的构造与美国专利No.4，725，464的预型件相同，包括一个螺纹颈部12，在其下端有一个加盖凸缘14。在加盖凸缘14的下面，有一个通常为圆柱形的部分16，其径端是一个外径逐渐增大的部分18，以提供增加的壁厚。在部分18下面，有一细长的瓶体部分20，其最下端形成一个容器底部形成部分的上部，该容器底部形成部分通常由数字22表示。底部形成部分22至少包括在其上部的部分QR（图7）。如图7所示，在部分QR，预型件10的内径在24处逐渐减小，其中部分RS的壁厚增加。
从图7中还可看出，部分ST的直径逐渐减小从而减小了部分ST的壁厚。此外，部分ST的下部在26处逐渐地具有一半球形形状。此外，部分ST的内表面在28处也逐渐地具有一半球形形状，但是表面26和28具有不同的圆心，因而壁厚连续地逐渐减小。
在部分ST的中心T，有一个平滑过渡的直立凸起30，它被容纳于一个拉延吹模对中心杆的下端（如图8所示），并将在下文中对其更详细地进行描述。此外，在中心T的底端，有一个指向下方的轴向凸起32，其形式为一个细长的浇口。预型件10的外表面26平滑地过渡成凸起32的外表面。
现在参照图9，其中示出了一个吹模空腔36的底部的形状，该吹模空腔是由一个普通类型的吹模36限定的。在吹模36底部的吹模空腔36有一通常为半球形的下部外表面38，其末端是一半径为C的底部，它与中点的距离B是吹模容器的通体半径A的50%至75%。半径C是半径A的5%至15%。
可以看出吹模36有一个中心半径形隆起40，其高底D的尺寸为半径A的20%至40%。
还可以看出半球形隆起40带有一个中心凹入42，其尺寸和形状可以容纳凸起32。此外，空腔34的隆起表面还包括一个表面部分44，它逐渐倾斜成凹入42。
此时还应指出预型件在断面U处的壁厚（图7）约为预型件在部分RS处断面的50%至70%。
预型件10被预加热至所需的玻璃转变温度，并以传统方式被置于吹模36内，与一个拉延吹模对中杆50啮合（如图8所示），通过内部增压使其膨胀以便在轴向和周向拉延从而与空腔34的形状相符并形成一个图2所示的容器（由参考数字52表示）。此时，应当注意杆50在其底部有一凹入54以容纳凸起30。同时，凸起32被容纳于凹入42中。结果，当在吹模36内吹模制造容器52时，底部的内侧表面和外侧表面（由容器52的数字56表示）均不会成为应力集中处。
容器52将包括原始形状的螺纹颈部12和加盖或支承凸缘14。紧靠着凸缘14的下面，容器52将有一个无定向的厚壁部分58，其末端是一薄壁肩部60，它是由预型件的部分18形成的。在肩部60的下面，有容器体62。在所示的容器形式中，容器体62带有一个细长的标牌部分64，它具有一减小的横断面并用来固定一个适当的标牌（未示出）。在标牌部分64的下面容器体继续成为66，其末端是底部56，该底部56如前所述带有隆起。
底部56以上的容器52各部分的壁厚均显示于图2中。此时应当指出容器52是一个1.5升的瓶子并且预型件10这样成形以形成容器52。
现在参照图3，其中放大示出了底部56。应当注意各条线P、Q、R、S和T分别对应于容器52的线p、q、r、s和T。底部56起始于线P并包括一个轴向延伸及径向向内的外表面68，它通常是半球形的。可以看出线p和q之间的壁厚略有增加，而随着底部在一个凹边C处终止，部分q和r的壁厚逐渐增加，该凹边形成支承圆。在部分r，s，随着底部56在72处隆起，壁厚持续增加，并且壁厚持续增加直到它到达点70，该点70对应于倾斜表面44的外边缘。然后，底部56以稍大一点的比率继续平滑地增加，直到外表面在凸起32处终止，内表面在凸起30处终止。
为了在底部56的凹边C处获得所需的厚度（图3），部分RS的壁厚约为1.10至1.30×部分PQ的厚度。如前所述从薄壁部分到厚壁部分的过渡是逐渐和平滑的。这样就避免了在部分qr有急剧的厚度变化。
通过使底部形状最佳化和逐渐减小预型件在部分ST处的壁厚，可在底部56的隆起部分获得较高程度的定向。
在t处的凸起30，30保证了在此区域的一个结晶部分（如果有的话）不会削弱此部分。正如上面所指出的，细长的浇口32在吹模期周不受挤压。
由于随着定向的减弱底部的壁厚逐渐增加，可以看出采用平滑的弯曲表面（它大大降低了应力破裂的可能性）可使底部56达到所需的强度要求。
一般认为28%-30%的结晶度对一个可重新灌装的PET容器来说是最佳值，该容器最好是一个形式为带有注模螺纹颈部的瓶。此外，应当理解预型件，及其容器，可由多层结构加工而成，包括内阻挡层以便延长其寿命。如果容器灌装的是非食品产品并且在洗涤和灌装后会有产品污染的话，采用这种多层预型件可降低污染吸收。
尽管前文中仅具体举出了一个可重新灌装的塑料瓶以及生产它的预型件的实施例，应当理解在不背离由权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内可对容器，或者预型件或者生产用于制造容器的预型件的吹模作最小的改动。

Claims (19)

1、一个用于吹模制造可重新灌装的容器的预型件，所述预型件是由一种聚脂制成的注模件，所述预型件具有一形成一容器体的细长体，并在一端封闭而相对的一端敞开，所述预型件敞开端带有一个颈部，所述颈部和所述细长体之间的所述预型件带有一锥状壁厚部分以形成一个容器的肩部，所述封闭的一端由一个底部限定，该底部通常带有一个半球形外表面，在所述封闭的一端和所述预型件体之间有一个圆柱状的形成容器底部的加厚部分，与所述预型件体相比该加厚部分的壁厚增加，由所述底部改进的预型件还通常有一个半球形的内表面，所述底部的壁厚朝所述一端逐渐减薄。
2、根据权利要求1所述的预型件，其中所述底部外表面的终端是一个形式为细尖浇口的轴向凸起。
3、根据权利要求1所述的预型件，其中所述底部包括一个用于限定对中装置的内部中心轴向凸起，在所述预型件的吹模期间它与一个中杆啮合。
4、根据权利要求3所述的预型件，其中所述内部轴向凸起和所述内表面不带尖锐的角。
5、根据权利要求1所述的预型件，其中圆柱状的形成容器底部的加厚部分与形成容器体的部分通过一个厚度逐渐增加的锥状部分相连。
6、根据权利要求1所述的预型件，其中所述加厚部分厚度超过所述预型件体厚度的一般范围为10%至30%。
7、根据权利要求1所述的预型件，其中在形成容器底部的加厚部分的上方的所述预型件体的下部形成所述形成容器底部部分的上部。
8、一个用于重新灌装的容器，所述容器是一个由一聚脂制成的吹模件，所述聚脂由一预型件加工而成，隆起型的改进底部改善了所述容器，所述底部包括一个向下敞开的隆起部分，其壁厚从中心到一支承圈逐渐减薄，所述底部的直径向上到一个圆柱体逐渐增加，而所述底部的壁厚在厚度上持续地逐渐减薄。
9、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述支承圆在内部和外部均被平滑地弯曲。
10、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述隆起部分被中心地向下凹入。
11、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述隆起部分被中心地向下凹下并且其壁厚朝所述隆起部分的中心有较大的逐渐增加。
12、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述隆起部分被中心地向下凹下，并且在两个方向包括轴向凸起。
13、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述隆起部分被中心地向下凹下，并包括一个内部平滑过渡的拉延吹模对中杆啮合凸起。
14、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中所述隆起部分被中心地向下凹下，并包括一个形式为细长浇口的外部悬垂轴向凸起。
15、根据权利要求12所述的容器，其中所述轴向凸起没有拉延定向。
16、根据权利要求8所述的容器，其中包括一个瓶体，其一部分由一个直径减小的贴标签部分限定，所述一部分的总厚度减薄率为7.5至10.5。
17、用于吹模一加热预型件以生产一个带有内部隆起底部的容器的吹模，所述吹模限定了一个空腔，包括一个形成底部的部分，并且所述形成底部的部分带有一个与一预型件上的悬垂轴向部分的形状相配的凹入。
18、根据权利要求17所述的吹模，其中所述凹入的形状为一个细长的浇口。
19、根据权利要求17所述的吹模，其中所述空腔朝所述凹入倾斜，以使相关容器的中心隆起部分的壁厚增加。
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NZ236672A (en) 1994-08-26
AU6852190A (en) 1991-09-05
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FI107716B (fi) 2001-09-28
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AU667999B2 (en) 1996-04-18
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