CN1053880C - 一种水泥防水剂 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种水泥砂浆或混凝土的防水液及其生产方法。防水液含有羧酸盐、羟基羧酸盐以及三乙醇胺或三异丙醇胺。产品制成浓缩液便于贮运。本产品特别适用于防水砂浆，与基准砂浆相比，不透水性大于400%，7天和28天抗压强度分别达到114%和106%。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于水泥砂浆或混凝土的液体防水剂及其生产方法。
众所周知，在水泥砂浆或混凝土中掺入防水剂，是提高水泥制品防水、防潮、防渗性能的有效方法。液体防水剂与防水粉相比，具有在水泥浆中分布均匀，改善水泥浆的和易性，以及高强度、高抗渗性能等优点，因而获得了日趋广泛的应用。目前建材市场上防水液种类繁多，性能各异，其防水效果差别也很大。
以往，上海防水材料厂等单位生产的“避水浆”是一种应用较广的防水液，其中的硬脂酸盐可与水泥的水化产物反应生成疏水性的硬脂酸钙沉淀；而可溶性的氟化物、碳酸盐则分别转化为氟化钙与碳酸钙沉淀。这种防水液存在问题是硬脂酸盐引起的强度损失没有得到有力的弥补，抗渗性能尚嫌不足，特别是若用于防水砂浆需要达到更高一些的技术指标。
申请号为93110000.3的《混凝土复合液》具有多种功能，包括减水、缓凝、防水、膨胀等。主要由钙、铝、铁和糖蜜等成分组成。如果应用于混凝土，会有较好的防水效果，但若用于防水砂浆，显然其防水性能是不够的，因其不含有憎水剂成分。
九十年代以来，申请无机防水剂的专利较多，例如92108235.5《一种无机防水剂及其生产方法》，93105069.3《无机铝盐防水剂》等，其共同优点是具有长效性。共同存在的问题是不含憎水剂成分，抗渗性能尚嫌不足，其酸性对水泥不利。不能适应高标准的防水要求，例如用于防水砂浆。
本发明的目的，就是克服上述技术之不足，提供一种既具有多种功能，又有极为突出的防水功能的水泥砂浆、混凝土防水剂。
在此情况下，本发明者经过反复研究试验，研制成由憎水剂(或称防潮剂、抗水剂)、水泥水化反应催化剂、缓凝剂、无机碱和水构成的多功能高效防水液。
根据本发明，所说的憎水剂是指环烷酸盐、硬脂酸盐或油酸盐等羧酸盐。优先选用的是油酸的钠盐或钾盐。首先油酸盐作为阴离子表面活性剂，与水泥水化产物氢氧化钙反应生成疏水性的沉淀物油酸钙。该沉淀物在水泥制品的毛细孔壁上作定向排布，使毛油管壁憎水，因此不易透水。其次，油酸盐作为引气剂可在水泥石内形成互不贯通、均匀分散的微气泡，从而提高水泥石的抗渗、抗冻融性能。此外，油酸盐尚有改善水泥浆的和易性，降低泌水性、提高保水性等多种作用。
根据本发明，所说的水泥水化反应催化剂是指三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺，优先选用的是三乙醇胺。它可以显著提高水泥的早期强度，对中远期强度也有益处。并可使水泥石更为密实，提高其抗渗性能。此外，三乙醇胺尚有一定的缓凝作用。最后，三乙醇胺还对防水液本身有不可缺少的匀质作用。
根据本发明，所说的缓凝剂是指柠檬酸、酒石酸、葡萄糖酸等羟基羧酸的钾盐或钠盐。优先选用的是柠檬酸的钾盐或钠盐。柠檬酸盐的主要作用是当掺量甚小时它显著的缓凝作用，可以改善水泥浆的凝结条件，减少或消除裂缝。它不仅能弥补掺入引气剂引起的强度损失，而且可以显著地提高水泥石的强度和抗渗性能。
根据本发明，所说的无机碱是指氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。其作用是使油酸转变为可溶于水的盐，并维持防水液的pH值呈碱性。
根据本发明，为了便于生产、贮存和运输，将防水液制成浓缩液，浓缩倍数为5-70倍，最好是50-60倍。
根据本发明，浓缩液加水稀释为应用液后的重量比如下：
油酸盐(以油酸计)0.5-5.0‰，最好是1.0-4.0‰。
三乙醇胺：0.3-4.0‰，最好是0.5-3.0‰。
柠檬酸盐(以柠檬酸计)0.3-4.0‰，最好是0.5-3.0‰。
根据本发明，浓缩防水液按如下方法生产。
1.在反应釜内定量注入热水，水温在30-100℃，最好在50-80℃。
2.定量向上述水中投放氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠固体，搅拌使溶。
3.定量向上述碱液中边搅拌边加入油酸，反应0.5-5小时。
4.在温度为20-50℃条件下，定量加入三乙醇胺，搅拌，放置0.5-3小时。
5.在温度为10-50℃条件下，边搅拌边定量加入柠檬酸，反应0.5-5小时。
6.用20％氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠溶液调整防水液的pH值在8-11范围内。
根据本发明生产的防水液具有无毒、无味、不燃、对钢筋无腐蚀、可长期贮存不变质等一系列优点。不透水性指标特别高，防水砂浆可大于基准砂浆的400％以上。7天、28天强度分别达到基准砂浆的114％和106％。本产品可适用于普通硅酸盐水泥和矿渣硅酸盐水泥。
下面是本发明的实施例。
在50立升的反应釜内加入70℃的热水31公斤，加入氢氧化钾1.5公斤，搅拌使溶。边搅拌边加入油酸2.4公斤，反应3小时。待液温降至50℃时，加入三乙醇胺1.5公斤，搅拌，放置2小时。待液温降至30℃时，边搅拌边加入柠檬酸1.3公斤，反应3小时。检验溶液的pH值，必要时可加少量20％氢氧化钾溶液，调整pH值为9-10。
应用时将上述产品加49倍重量的水稀释，搅拌1分钟即成应用液。
Claims (5)
1、一种用于水泥砂浆或混凝土的液体防水剂，其特征在于：以水为溶剂，并含有硬脂酸或油酸、环烷酸的钾盐或钠盐作为憎水剂，以三乙醇胺或三异丙醇胺作为催化剂，柠檬酸或酒石酸、葡萄糖酸的钾盐或钠盐作为缓凝剂，其含量如下(按重量比)：
憎水剂：0.5～5.0‰，
催化剂：0.3～4.0‰，
缓凝剂：0.3～4.0‰。
2、根据权利要求1所述防水剂，其特征在于：上述的
憎水剂为1.0～4.0‰，
催化剂为0.5～3.0‰，
缓凝剂为0.5～3.0‰。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的防水剂，其特征在于：憎水剂采用油酸的钾盐或钠盐。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的防水剂，其特征在于：催化剂采用三乙醇胺。
5、根据权利要求1或2所述的防水剂，其特征在于：缓凝剂采用柠檬酸的钾盐或钠盐。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95102659A CN1053880C (zh) | 1995-03-18 | 1995-03-18 | 一种水泥防水剂 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95102659A CN1053880C (zh) | 1995-03-18 | 1995-03-18 | 一种水泥防水剂 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1131651A CN1131651A (zh) | 1996-09-25 |
| CN1053880C true CN1053880C (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
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| CN95102659A Expired - Fee Related CN1053880C (zh) | 1995-03-18 | 1995-03-18 | 一种水泥防水剂 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295180C (zh) * | 2004-11-17 | 2007-01-17 | 王衡 | 混凝土防水添加剂 |
| US20090250653A1 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2009-10-08 | Kiely Donald E | Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Salts |
| WO2008021054A2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | The University Of Montana | Method for the preparation of organic acids via oxidization using nitric acid |
| RU2351560C1 (ru) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-10 | Андрей Валерьевич Черняков | Комплексная добавка для строительной смеси |
| AU2008322438B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2014-06-19 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
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| WO2014085262A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | Rivertop Renewables | Corrosion inhibiting, freezing point lowering compositions |
| US9670124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation process |
| BR112015022284A2 (pt) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-07-18 | Rivertop Renewables Inc | processos de oxidação de ácido nítrico melhorados |
| CN104496349A (zh) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 王新荣 | 一种防水混凝土 |
| CN109133712B (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-31 | 重庆大学 | 一种改善碱矿渣水泥石开裂和吸水的外加剂及其使用方法 |
| CN111056802A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-24 | 江苏瓦楷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种憎水砂浆的制备方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54135820A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-10-22 | Mitsubishi Oil Co | Cement mixing agent |
| JPS60228586A (ja) * | 1984-04-26 | 1985-11-13 | Hoechst Gosei Kk | コンクリート躯体からの滲み出し水と表面からの透水を防止する防水用組成物および防水方法 |
| JPH0270787A (ja) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-09 | Toshiba Silicone Co Ltd | 浸透性防水剤組成物 |
| KR940004380A (ko) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-03-15 | 강진구 | 캠코더의 라이트스위치에 의한 자동녹화시스템 |
-
1995
- 1995-03-18 CN CN95102659A patent/CN1053880C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54135820A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-10-22 | Mitsubishi Oil Co | Cement mixing agent |
| JPS60228586A (ja) * | 1984-04-26 | 1985-11-13 | Hoechst Gosei Kk | コンクリート躯体からの滲み出し水と表面からの透水を防止する防水用組成物および防水方法 |
| JPH0270787A (ja) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-09 | Toshiba Silicone Co Ltd | 浸透性防水剤組成物 |
| KR940004380A (ko) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-03-15 | 강진구 | 캠코더의 라이트스위치에 의한 자동녹화시스템 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1131651A (zh) | 1996-09-25 |
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