CN1053108A - Thermo electric generating technique for general application - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a purpose with the thermal gradient energy that generally develops in the renewable sources of energy, maximally utilises in the physical environment spontaneous thermal equilibrium process of carrying out between the ubiquitous low temperature difference fluid, becomes the spontaneous heating equilibrium process and is the controlled energy transfer process.It is the high temperature heat source temperature index with normal temperature, is temperature difference index with 10 ℃ of temperature difference; When the temperature difference 〉=temperature difference limit value, the temperature difference＜10 ℃, high temperature heat source temperature＞25 ℃ or＜15 ℃ be suitable for too.It is consume fuel not, and is pollution-free, gathers stored energy with systems engineering, produces the power electric power that industrial value is arranged, and for the enforcement of relevant science and technology with improve new ways and means is provided.

Description

Thermo electric generating technique for general application

Thermo electric generating technique for general application belongs to the thermal gradient energy development and use, the power Technology of Electrical Power Generation.

The thermal gradient energy development and use, the power Technology of Electrical Power Generation also is in conceptual phase at home; Be applied in abroad in the thermal gradient energy of sea water generating, high temperature heat source (surface seawater) temperature is generally about 20 ℃, and low-temperature heat source (500m deep sea water) temperature is generally about 5 ℃, and the temperature difference between the high low-temperature heat source is generally about 15 ℃.Generally develop ubiquitous thermal gradient energy in the physical environment, produce the power electric power that industrial value is arranged, technically wait perfectly, also wait in the practice deeply.

The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of like this technology, and the serial system engineering that matches with this technology: it is the high temperature heat source temperature index with normal temperature, with 10 ℃ of temperature difference is temperature difference index, under the temperature difference 〉=temperature difference limit value prerequisite, the temperature difference＜10 ℃, high temperature heat source temperature＞25 ℃ or＜15 ℃ be suitable for too; It can control and utilize in the physical environment between the ubiquitous low temperature difference fluid and spontaneous thermal equilibrium process of carrying out between the low temperature difference ring border to greatest extent, becomes the spontaneous heating equilibrium process and is the controlled energy transfer process, produces the power electric power that industrial value is arranged.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it is with the liquid pressure principle, characteristic, gas property in the calorifics, interior energy, hot merit principle etc. is a foundation, manufacture and design traditional cylinder connecting vessels and huge cylinder connecting vessels (comprising no piston technology, sheet shape piston technology, gas bag shape piston technology and hood-shaped piston technology etc.), and then design-build serial system engineering (is organized engineering comprising single cylinder more, the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more, the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more, engineering under the liquid, same P ' normal pressure engineering, same P ' high pressure engineering, different P ' high pressure engineering, conveyance system and serial system engineering universal design technology etc.); It is with binary working medium, be gas working medium (being low-boiling point material generally speaking), liquid working substance or biliquid working medium are that the specific support media of transformation of energy is (comprising the specific selection technology of binary working medium, the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium), reduce drainage point successively with cylinder connecting vessels acting end, the form of gathering storaging liquid working medium potential energy, gather and store the energy that high temperature heat source provides, the saturated vapour heat energy that provides by high temperature heat source, convert liquid working substance potential energy to, and then utilization water turbine, generator becomes mechanical energy and electric energy to the liquid working substance potential energy converting and energy; It reduces drainage point successively with cylinder connecting vessels acting end, when gathering liquid working substance potential energy, make gas working medium adiabatic expansion acting in cylinder, reduce temperature, and then utilization liquid working substance residue potential energy, promptly substitute mechanical energy and compress the gas working medium of adiabatic expansion to the design terminal point, make it enter condenser, further the heat of condensation is emitted in cooling, realizes gas working medium liquefaction reduction.

Can supply the warm aboundresources of height of the present invention's development and use: surface seawater and deep sea water; Hot spring, geothermal resources, summer high temperature environment and general well water, river etc.; Low-lying area relatively-high temperature environment and the relative low temperature environment in high elevation area; Extremely frigid zones underground water in winter, spring, ice sheet are with rivers flowing water and the cryogen more than the face of land and the psychro-environment of current downflow; Following seawater of south poles ice sheet and no ice sheet seawater and ice sheet are above, the face of land is above high and cold fluid and psychro-environment; Relative cryogen in solar energy, a large amount of industrial waste heat resource and underground water, rivers flowing water, the environment and low temperature environment etc. relatively, under the high low-temperature heat source temperature difference 〉=temperature difference limit value prerequisite, generally can be exploited, as the warm resource of height of the present invention.

The temperature difference limit value is a fractional value, and its definition and formula provide when will be described later concrete technology.

The technology of the present invention principle, technical basis, concrete technology and serial system engineering are provided by the following drawings and embodiment.Accompanying drawing is to reflect that visual in imagely the technology of the present invention feasibility is an aim.In the accompanying drawing, the height of engineering equipment figure, size, length, the actual height that does not reflect engineering equipment, width or length; The same category of device that quantity is indefinite only provides one or several figure, and remaining part omits.The serial system engineering pattern is drawn with section expansion form, during the concrete systems engineering of design-build, do not influencing under the overall technology performance prerequisite, but each branch's design of plant is built optimum organization.Therefore, the essence of accompanying drawing is serial system engineering section image figure.

One, the technology of the present invention principle and technical basis

The technology of the present invention principle and technical basis are called for short technical basis (down together).In the technical basis, except that quoting the existing principle of forefathers, remaining part is that the inventor also lists the achievement in research of oneself as technical basis.

(1) Pascal's law

Be added in the pressure on the enclosed liquid, can be according to original size by liquid to all directions transmission.

Fig. 1 is a technical basis, liquid pressure characteristic image figure.

Fig. 1 explanation: enclosed liquid (1).Piston (2).Airtight live end (3).The liquid pressure spot, on the promptly parallel piston bottom plane with horizontal plane have a few; Liquid pressure spot pressure, the pressure that promptly pressurizes " P adds "; Liquid pressure spot horizontal plane, promptly comprise on the same horizontal plane of liquid pressure spot have a few, be called for short initial point horizontal plane (down with); Initial point, promptly on the initial point horizontal plane have a few; Pressure in the initial point " P0 ", five label (4).The vertical fluid column that initial point is above, promptly negative back pressure fluid column; This pressure in initial point of negative back pressure fluid column, promptly negative back pressure pressure " P is negative ", the label of the two (5).The vertical fluid column that initial point is following, promptly positive back pressure fluid column; Positive back pressure fluid column this in h(-2) pressure in the point, promptly positive back pressure pressure " P is just ", the label of the two (6).H(-2); Positive back pressure fluid column minimum point absolute altitude (absolute altitude equals height, down together).H0: liquid pressure spot, pressure spot horizontal plane, initial point, initial point horizontal plane, four absolute altitude (h0=± 0.00).H8: negative back pressure fluid column apex horizontal face absolute altitude.P ': the gas pressure intensity of the airtight live end top gas space.

If: Fig. 1 is a closed system, and full of liquid.Liquid is compressible anything but perfect liquid, and the saturated pressure on the liquid heat mechanical meaning is ignored." P adds " is considered as not having the ideal pressurization of frictional loss, so:

(2) the liquid pressure characteristic one

Be added in the pressure " P adds " (4) on the enclosed liquid (1), liquid pressure spot horizontal plane (4) have a few, can be according to original size by liquid to all directions transmission.(P adds＞P0, and P adds and comprises P ', down together)

Be added in the pressure " P adds " (4) on the enclosed liquid (1), liquid pressure spot horizontal plane (4) down have a few, can be according to original size by liquid to all directions transmission.(P adds 〉=P0)

P adds=(G+F) ÷ S+P ' formula-1

P adds: liquid pressure spot pressure (gram/cm ²).G: the weight of piston (gram) itself.F: be added in the power (gram) on the piston.S: horizontal plane area (cm at the bottom of the piston ²).P ': the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the airtight live end top gas space ²).

Illustrate: after by formula being listed as formula, unit every in the formula is all cast out, obtained and write the unit that asked (down with) behind the result again.

Example: P adds=(1000 grams+2000 grams) ÷ 100cm ²

+ 1000 gram/cm ²

＝（1000+2000）÷100+1000

=1030 gram/cm ²

P0 same formula-4,5,7,9.

(3) the liquid pressure characteristic two

On negative back pressure fluid column (5) vertical line of enclosed liquid, liquid is to the transmission of pressurization pressure " P adds " (4), with negative back pressure fluid column (5) vertical height increase progressively and the negative back pressure fluid column itself that successively decreases, the negative back pressure pressure " P ' bear " that is had initial point (4) to vertical fluid column the measured point from initial point horizontal plane (4).(P adds＞P0)

Ph=P adds-and P ' is negative=and P adds-Yh formula-2

Ph: the P that transmit negative back pressure fluid column measured point adds pressure (gram/cm ²).P adds=formula-1, (P adds＞P0).P ' is negative: the negative back pressure pressure (gram/cm that negative back pressure fluid column itself is had initial point to vertical fluid column the initial point horizontal plane from the measured point ²).Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).H: negative back pressure fluid column measured point is to the vertical height (Cm) between the initial point horizontal plane.P ' bears=Yh.

(4) the liquid pressure characteristic three

When negative back pressure pressure " P negative " or pressure " P0 " in initial point (4) equal the pressurize pressure " P add " (4) of the negative back pressure fluid column (5) of enclosed liquid (1) in initial point (4), be P negative=P adds or the P0=P added-time, initial point horizontal plane (4) and initial point horizontal plane up have a few, liquid is zero to the transmission of pressurization pressure " P adds ".

When P bears=the P0=P added-time, equal zero at the pressure of bearing on the back pressure fluid column apex horizontal face h8.

P bears=Yh formula-3

P is negative: negative back pressure fluid column itself, from the apex horizontal face to the vertical negative back pressure pressure (gram/cm that initial point, had of fluid column the initial point horizontal plane ²).Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).H: negative back pressure fluid column from the apex horizontal face to the vertical height (cm) the initial point horizontal plane.

P0=P adds formula-4

P0: initial point pressure (gram/cm ²).P adds=formula-1.

P0=P bears formula-5

P0: initial point pressure (gram/cm ²).P bears=formula-3

(5) the liquid pressure characteristic four

On positive back pressure fluid column (6) vertical line of enclosed liquid (1), liquid is followed liquid pressure characteristic one to the transmission of pressurization pressure " P adds " (4).

On positive back pressure fluid column (6) vertical line, the pressure of measured point with the measured point degree of depth increase progressively and increase progressively positive back pressure fluid column itself from initial point horizontal plane (4) to the vertical positive back pressure pressure that the measured point, had of fluid column " P ' just " the measured point.Non-enclosed liquid is identical therewith to the transmission characteristics of atmospheric pressure.

Ph=P adds+P ' just=P adds+Yh formula-6

Ph: positive back pressure fluid column measured point pressure (gram/cm ²).P ' is being just: positive back pressure fluid column itself from the initial point horizontal plane to the vertical positive back pressure pressure (gram/cm that the measured point, had of fluid column the measured point ²).H: positive back pressure fluid column initial point horizontal plane is to vertical height between the measured point (Cm).P adds=formula-1.Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³) P ' just=Yh.

The same Fig. 1 of Fig. 2 is a technical basis, liquid pressure characteristic image figure.

Fig. 2 explanation: Fig. 2 is expansion and the extension of Fig. 1 based on Fig. 1.Label among Fig. 2 (1)～(6), h(-2), title or the same Fig. 1 of equipment of P ' representative.Fig. 2 increases: point of load application; The point of load application horizontal plane; Point of load application pressure " P lotus ", three's label (7).Load end (8).The point of load application horizontal plane is up to the vertical fluid column between initial point, promptly positive back pressure fluid column; This positive back pressure pressure that in point of load application, is had of this positive back pressure fluid column " P ' just " three's label (9).H(-1): the point of load application horizontal plane absolute altitude of initial point below.H9; The point of load application horizontal plane absolute altitude of initial point top.

If the same Fig. 1 of the assumed condition of Fig. 2 limits simultaneously, when being description object, in the closed system of Fig. 2, there be not second point of load application with certain point of load application, so:

(6) the liquid pressure characteristic five

Initial point pressure " P0 " in initial point (4) is more than or equal to pressurization pressure " P adds ", i.e. P0 〉=P added-time, pressurization can not be carried out.Therefore, no matter be that enclosed liquid also is non-enclosed liquid, it is the necessary condition that pressurization can be carried out that P0＜P adds.

When the position of point of load application (7) during in initial point horizontal plane (4) or initial point horizontal plane top:

P0=P bears+P lotus=Yh+P lotus formula-7

P0: initial point pressure (gram/cm ²), (P adds=P0).P is negative: the negative back pressure pressure (gram/cm that negative back pressure fluid column itself is had initial point from the point of load application horizontal plane to the vertical fluid column the initial point horizontal plane ²) P lotus=formula-8.Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).H: negative back pressure fluid column point of load application horizontal plane is to the vertical height (Cm) between the initial point horizontal plane.P bears=Yh.

P lotus (G+G1) ÷ S+P ' formula-8

P lotus: point of load application pressure (gram/cm ²).G1: the weight of load object (gram).GSP ': the G in the same formula-1, S, P '.

When the position of point of load application (7) in initial point horizontal plane (4) below, when initial point horizontal plane top does not have negative back pressure fluid column:

P0=P lotus-P ' just=P lotus-Yh formula-9

P0: initial point pressure (gram/cm ²), (P adds=P0).P lotus=formula-8.P ' is being just: positive back pressure fluid column itself from initial point to the vertical positive back pressure pressure (gram/cm that point of load application, had of fluid column the point of load application horizontal plane ²).Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).H: positive back pressure fluid column initial point is to the vertical height (cm) between the point of load application horizontal plane.P ' just=Yh.

(7) the liquid pressure characteristic six

When P0＞P added-time, P0 has reversibility, but reciprocal value and P0＞P add be worth corresponding greater than reducing of adding of value or P.

(8) the liquid pressure characteristic seven

If it is small piston that P adds, the P lotus is a big piston, and so: according to Pascal's law, the cross-section area of big piston " S2 " is several times of small piston " S1 ", is exactly to be added in several times of power " F1 " on the small piston in the power that obtains on the big piston " F2 ".

F1 ÷ S1=F2 ÷ S2 formula-10

According to various hydraulic presses and hydraulic transmission that Pascal's law is made, limited because of the vertical height (degree of depth) of its negative back pressure (positive back pressure) fluid column, the liquid specific gravity of fluid column is little, thereby the value of P negative (P just) is very little; So when liquid transfer pressurization pressure P added acting, the minimizing value (value added) of the pressure that does work accordingly can be ignored.

Fig. 3 is

Shape connecting vessels section image figure, same Fig. 1～2 are the same, are technical basis liquid pressure characteristic image figure.

Fig. 3 explanation: Fig. 3 is expansion and extensions of Fig. 1～2 based on Fig. 1～2.Label among Fig. 3 (2)～(5), h(-2), the title or the same Fig. 1 of equipment～2 of h0, P ' representative.Fig. 3 increases acting end (10).The corresponding negative back pressure fluid column apex horizontal face of same P0-P ' (P0=P adds) (11).Acting end drainage point horizontal plane (12).Liquid and liquid potential energy gather storage vault, are called for short potential energy and gather storage vault (13), (down together).H6: acting end drainage point; The drainage point horizontal plane; The drainage point absolute altitude.H7: the corresponding negative back pressure fluid column of same P0-P ' (P0=P adds) summit; The apex horizontal face; Crown level.The h consumption: acting end liquid gathers height (potential energy) loss of storage, is the necessary loss that can not cancel; Its principle is seen technical basis (18), (19); H consumption＞0, the value of h consumption is determined according to needs.(P0-P '=P adds-P ', referring to formula-11)

If: the end at U-shaped connecting vessels liquid conduits is set up piston, is designed and manufactured into airtight live end (3), and the liquid conduits of the other end upwards (not necessarily vertical) is increased to needed height.Cause the U-shaped connecting vessels Fig. 3 such The shape connecting vessels.Fill liquid below the h6, so:

(9) the liquid pressure characteristic eight

The shape connecting vessels not only can transmit pressure greater than P0(4) the pressurization pressure P of airtight live end (3) add, and can also change the direction of transfer of moulding pressure arbitrarily. Shape connecting vessels acting end (10) towards, the direction of transfer of decision moulding pressure and pressurization energy.

(10) the liquid pressure characteristic nine

Under shape connecting vessels acting end drainage point h6 and the drainage point horizontal plane (12), gather in the storage vault (13), rely on liquid itself at potential energy, can desirablely accordingly gather storage P to add 〉=P0, the pressurization energy of airtight live end (3).Gather energy stored,, will not run off in time and change if the mass loss and the vertical height decline displacement loss of liquid do not take place.(P adds and comprises P ', and P0 also comprises P ')

H6=h7-h consumption=(P adds-P ') ÷ 100Y-h consumption

Formula-11

H6: acting end drainage point absolute altitude (m).H7: add-the negative back pressure fluid column apex horizontal face absolute altitude (m) of the corresponding acting end of P ' with P.The h consumption: with the h consumption (m) in Fig. 3 explanation, (h consumption＞0).P adds=formula-1.P ': the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the h6 horizontal plane top gas space ²).Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).H7=(P adds-P ') ÷ 100Y.

W=h6 * YV formula-12

W: potential energy gathers the liquid potential energy that gathers storage in the storage vault (kilogram/m).H6=formula-11.Y: liquid specific gravity (kilogram/Cm ³).V: potential energy gathers the liquid volume (Cm that gathers storage in the storage vault ³).

Fig. 4 is

Shape connecting vessels section image figure, same Fig. 1～3 are the same, are technical basis liquid pressure characteristic image figure.

Fig. 4 explanation: Fig. 4 is expansion and extensions of Fig. 1～3 based on Fig. 1～3.Among Fig. 4, the same Fig. 1 of title～2 of label (6), P ' representative.Drainage point and non-sealed end (14).Airtight spare space (15).Liquid, gas switch (16).Liquid switch (17).Liquid, gas add mouthful (18).H1: airtight spare space crown level.H0: the liquid level minimum point absolute altitude in the airtight spare space.H6: non-sealed end drainage point absolute altitude, h1＞h0＞h6.Liquid conduits down is provided with from h0, and it is curved to turn one 180 degree below drainage point absolute altitude h6, makes the mouth of pipe up, drainage point be exactly on the mouth of pipe horizontal plane have a few.The designed elevation of liquid switch (17) and liquid conduits turn round the starting point place with high.

If: Fig. 4 switch (16) and (17) are closed, full of liquid in the system.The negative back pressure pressure P of negative back pressure fluid column (6) between h1～h6 in drainage point absolute altitude h6 horizontal plane bears=P0.The negative back pressure pressure P ' of negative back pressure fluid column between h0～h6 in the h6 horizontal plane be negative=and P adds.Drainage point horizontal plane top, the gas pressure intensity P '=P of non-sealed end (14) gas space adds=dtm(dtm is an atmospheric pressure, down with).Because h1＞h0, thus P negative＞P ' is negative.Because P ' is negative=P adds=P '=dtm, again because the pressure that P bears on the h6 horizontal plane equals P0, and P negative＞P ' is negative, so P0＞P adds, so, can get according to technical basis (four), (seven):

(11) liquid pressure characteristic ten

In the airtight spare space of shape connecting vessels (15), when P0＞P adds or during P0＞P ', after liquid switch (17) is opened, can obtain with airtight spare space (15) ambient temperature corresponding, by the relatively low pressure space that is lower than normal pressure that gas property determined in the airtight spare space, the relative low temperature space that is lower than ambient temperature that exists in the relative vacuum space, finite time.

Fig. 5 is

Shape cylinder connecting vessels section image figure.Same Fig. 1～4 are the same, are technical basis liquid pressure characteristic image figure.

Fig. 5 explanation: Fig. 5 is expansion and the extension of Fig. 3 based on Fig. 3.Cylinder (1).The point (2) that is connected of cylinder wall and cylinder head, being connected a little also can be provided with on the cylinder base.Piston (3).Working medium switching starter (4), (not drawing in the detailed structure view) can cast out when not establishing.Gas working medium, liquid working substance switch are called for short working medium switch (5) (down together).Gas working medium, liquid working substance conduit are called for short working medium conduit (6), (down together); According to technical basis (nine), the liquid working substance conduit can be provided with as required, and is not necessarily vertical.Standby outlet pipe (7).Acting end and potential energy at different levels gather storage vault (8).H consumption: with the h consumption in Fig. 3 explanation.H ' consumption (1～end): liquid gathers at different levels differential height (potential energy) loss of storage, is the necessary loss that can not cancel, is called for short differential loss; Its principle is seen technical basis (18), (19); H ' consumption (1～end) 〉=h consumption＞0; The value of h ' consumption (1～end) is determined according to need.H0: the pressurization pressure " P adds " of journey design minimum point, design minimum point horizontal plane absolute altitude, initial point, initial point horizontal plane, initial point pressure " P0 ", piston falls in piston.H1: piston lift design peak horizontal plane absolute altitude.H2, h3: see h2, the h3 of Fig. 6 in illustrating.H4: see the h4(1～end of Figure 10 in illustrating).H6(1～end): the drainage points at different levels that the end that does work reduces successively, be called for short drainage point (down together); The drainage point absolute altitude; Drainage point h6 can establish numerous, but practical number should be determined according to need.H7: with the h7 in Fig. 3 explanation.P(1～end): the saturated vapour pressure of corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process.P1: the pressure when being the saturated vapour isothermal expansion generally speaking.The P end: generally speaking for the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion to the pressure of design during terminal point.P ': with the P ' in Fig. 3 explanation.V(1～end): with the corresponding points volume when saturated vapour isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion in the corresponding cylinder of V ' (1～end), V(1～end)=and V ' (1～end), it equals the displacement volume of cylinder.V ' (1～end): from each drainage point h6(1～end) the liquid working substance volume of Pai Chuing, V ' (1～end)=V(1～end).Suppose (end)=9, so V(end-1)=V(9-1)=V8, P(end-1)=P(9-1)=P8, h6(end-1)=h6(9-1)=h6(8), (down with).Compare with Fig. 3, Fig. 5 changes to cylinder, piston to airtight live end and piston.Drainage point h6 change is increased to h6(1～end).The number that potential energy gathers storage vault (8) is increased to and drainage point h6(1～end) number identical.At absolute altitude＞h3, on＜h4 the section, the number that is provided with of branch's upper aq working medium conduit (6) and liquid working substance switch (5) is increased to and drainage point h6(1～end) number identical; The top height of the up conduit of liquid working substances at different levels and each drainage point absolute altitude h6(1～end) corresponding to high.

If:

It is such that the shape connecting vessels is transformed into Fig. 5

Shape cylinder connecting vessels.Gas working medium in the gas working medium conduit (6) is the low-boiling point material saturated vapour.H0 liquid working substance conduit (6), passage, cylinder V(1～end up and down) all fill liquid working substance in.Liquid working substance switch (5) all becomes closed condition.Piston (3) is on the lift design peak h1.So, can get:

(12) cylinder connecting vessels performance

The cylinder connecting vessels, can obtain technical basis (nine) and (ten) described over-all properties, promptly the acting end does not have the cylinder connecting vessels of other load except that P ', at control gaseous liquid working substance switch (5), open successively according to need, close, the isothermal expansion amount of control gaseous working medium in cylinder (1), slowly reduce acting end drainage point h6(1～end successively) time, can in cylinder (1), do isothermal expansion to gas working medium, the energy that discharges during adiabatic expansion, support liquid working substance itself, accordingly ideal gather be stored in P add-P ' (P adds=P0) corresponding, negative back pressure fluid column different heights drainage point h6(1～end) is provided with down, potential energy gathers in the storage vault (8), and the thermal power transfer of saturated vapour (gas working medium) is become liquid working substance potential energy.Potential energy gathers and gathers energy stored in the storage vault, if the mass loss and the vertical height decline displacement loss of liquid working substance do not take place, will not run off in time and changes.

H6(1)=h7-h consumption=(P1-P ') ÷ 100Y-h consumption

Formula-13

H6(1): the acting end waits a drainage point absolute altitude (m).The h consumption: liquid working substance potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage, (h ' consumption (1～end) 〉=h consumption＞0).P1: the pressure (gram/cm during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion ²).P ': the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the acting end drainage point h6 top gas space ²).Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/Cm of fluid column ³).h7＝（P1-P′）÷100Y。

The h6(end)=(P end-P ') ÷ 100Y-h consumes formula-14

The h6(end): the designed elevation (m) of last drainage point of acting end.The P end: adiabatic expansion is to the saturated vapour pressure (gram/cm of design during terminal point ²).P ', Y, h consumption: the P ' in the same formula-13, Y, h consumption.

H6(2)=h6(1)-h ' consumption 1

H6(3)=h6(2)-h ' consumption 2

H6(4)=h6(3)-h ' consumption 3

By that analogy to the h6(end) formula-15

H6(2)～and the h6(end): except that first drainage point, the corresponding absolute altitude (m) of all the other each drainage points, (h6(1)-h6(end))=h ' consumption 1+h ' consumption 2+h ' consumption 3+ ... h ' consumption end.H ' consumption (1～end): the differential loss (m) of each respective stages.

V(1～end)=V ' 1+V ' 2+V ' 3+ ... V ' end

Formula-16

V(1～end): the displacement volume of cylinder.V ' 1～V ' end: each drainage point h6(1～end of acting end) the liquid working substance volume of discharging.V1: be saturated vapour isothermal expansion volume or title isothermal expansion amount generally speaking, V1=V ' 1.

(13) liquid pressure characteristic 11

Note the initial point definition.In the real process of liquid transfer pressurization pressure acting, the position of initial point is not changeless, and it is dynamic rising or decline.Therefore, initial point be meant when being in static state on the liquid pressure spot horizontal plane have a few, on this horizontal plane, the pressure of being had a few all equates.

(14) saturated vapour characteristic

Under the certain condition of temperature, the size of saturated vapour pressure is relevant with material, and different materials has different saturated vapour pressures.The size of certain material saturated vapour pressure with the increasing and increase of temperature, reduces with the reduction of temperature.

(15) gas adiabatic process

Externally doing work during the gas adiabatic expansion, is to be finished by the minimizing of interior energy.This moment, its volume increased, and temperature reduces and pressure reduces.So in adiabatic process, the volume of gas, temperature and three state parameters of pressure all change simultaneously.

Energy in (16) gas

Temperature one timing, the saturated vapour pressure of certain material is certain, with volume-independent.But the volume of certain material saturated vapour is directly proportional with its contained energy.

The liquefaction of (17) gas

The method that unsaturated vapour becomes saturated vapour has two kinds: the volume of compression vapour; Reduce the temperature of vapour.

Saturated vapour continues compression and becomes liquid with the cooling condensable.

To saturated vapour, arbitrarily small temperature drop just can make its liquefaction.Superheated vapor is then wanted a tangible temperature drop for this.

Superheated vapor is if be disturbed or when the nucleus of condensation are arranged, will partial liquefaction or sublimate and get back to saturation state.When the nucleus of condensation were arranged, vapor tension only need surpass 1% of saturated vapour pressure, and drop just can form.Charged particle and ion all are the good nucleus of condensation.

Each gas has the critical temperature of oneself, and only the gas below critical temperature could pass through compression, and methods such as cooling make it liquefaction.

(18) speed and efficient

What real process was carried out in general is fast more, and its irreversible degree is big more, and from the thermomechanics viewpoint, its efficient is also low more.

The efficient of merit too, in the acting process, fast more its efficient that the speed of one way is carried out is low more.

Power all is not more than 1, and the power that can do useful work is all less than 1, and power equals not do useful work at 1 o'clock.

(19) overall efficiency

1, the high temperature heat source temperature is certain, heat one timing, and the vaporization heat of gas working medium is big more, and overall efficiency is more little; Unit mass saturated vapour volume is big more, and overall efficiency is big more.

2, low-temperature heat source temperature is certain, amount one timing, and the heat of condensation of gas working medium is big more, and overall efficiency is more little.

3, high low-temperature heat source temperature one timing, the pressure when saturated vapour isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion is big more, and overall efficiency is big more; Adiabatic expansion is more little to the saturated vapour pressure of design during terminal point, and overall efficiency is big more.

4, be higher than under the low-temperature heat source temperature prerequisite in the gas working medium critical temperature, the critical temperature of gas working medium is high more, and overall efficiency is low more.

5, be higher than under the liquid working substance freezing point temperature prerequisite at high low-temperature heat source temperature, the boiling temperature of gas working medium is high more, and overall efficiency is low more.

6, high low-temperature heat source heat one timing of unit time, the value of h1, h ' consumption and h consumption is big more, and overall efficiency is more little.

7, when the warm resource of height was more than needed, the heat-conducting property of heat exchanger and tensile breaking strength were good more, and overall efficiency is good more; The area at working medium conduit, the minimum place of channel cross-section is big more, and overall efficiency is big more.

Two, traditional, huge cylinder connecting vessels and potential energy production technology

Traditional cylinder connecting vessels and huge cylinder connecting vessels are called for short cylinder connecting vessels (down together).

(1) traditional cylinder connecting vessels and performance thereof

1, traditional cylinder connecting vessels

Fig. 5 is Shape cylinder connecting vessels section image figure is again simultaneously traditional cylinder connecting vessels section image figure.

The cylinder of traditional cylinder connecting vessels, piston, identical with cylinder, the piston of steamer, but do not establish connecting rod on the piston.Can on piston, set up the working medium switching starter when needing.

If: the assumed condition of traditional cylinder connecting vessels with

The assumed condition of shape cylinder connecting vessels is identical, so:

2, the performance of traditional cylinder connecting vessels with The performance of shape cylinder connecting vessels is identical.

3, binary working medium: In the shape cylinder connecting vessels, become the thermal power transfer of high temperature heat source the specific support media of potential energy to have two, one is saturated vapour, and promptly gas working medium is low-boiling point material generally speaking; Another is a liquid, i.e. liquid working substance, gas working medium, liquid working substance have constituted the specific support media-binary working medium of cylinder connecting vessels performance.

(2) huge cylinder connecting vessels and performance thereof

1, Fig. 6 is huge cylinder connecting vessels section image figure.

Fig. 6 explanation: Fig. 6 is expansion and the extension of Fig. 5 based on Fig. 5.Compare with Fig. 5, Fig. 6 changes to huge cylinder (1) to traditional cylinder.Traditional piston is changed to huge piston (3).Increase heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse (9).H2:1 liquid working substance fluid column minimum point and minimum point horizontal plane absolute altitude.H3:1 liquid working substance fluid column peak and peak horizontal plane absolute altitude.V

(1～end): the liquid working substance displacement volume of the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse h2～h3 section that fuses, V (1～end)=V(1～end).In addition, remaining equipment and title are all with Fig. 5 explanation.Clear for drawing, except that description needed, all the other labels all omitted in Fig. 6.

2, huge cylinder connecting vessels performance

Traditional cylinder connecting vessels is transformed into huge cylinder connecting vessels, earlier no matter the cylindrical cross-section radius of huge cylinder has much.

If: the assumed condition of huge cylinder connecting vessels is identical with the assumed condition of traditional cylinder connecting vessels, so:

According to technical basis (12), huge cylinder connecting vessels can obtain the same performance of traditional cylinder connecting vessels.

3, the specific selection technology of binary working medium

Traditional cylinder, piston because manufacturing technology precision requirement height, make cylinder, piston be manufactured on the length and the cross section radius on all be subjected to certain limitation.On prior art, if want to make a long 5m, the huge cylinder of cross section radius 2m and huge piston obviously are unpractical.

In huge cylinder connecting vessels, if the piston in the cylinder is removed, earlier regardless of it.So, direct contact surface has just appearred in gas working medium in the cylinder and liquid working substance.If gas working medium possesses following condition when directly contacting in cylinder with liquid working substance, so, even there is not piston in the cylinder, the performance of huge cylinder connecting vessels and traditional cylinder connecting vessels is constant in the same old way.

(1) gas working medium and liquid working substance temperature and the pressure when T1, P1(saturated vapour isothermal expansion, down together) under, when directly contacting in cylinder, destructive variation such as liquid working substance vaporization, the intensification of binary working medium, burning, blast does not take place;

(2) gas working medium and liquid working substance be under T1, P1, directly during contact, has good inertia in cylinder, do not dissolve mutually, infiltration, chemical combination, decomposition, makes the circulation of gas working medium when systems engineering moves become possibility;

(3) if gas working medium under T1, P1, a small amount of liquefaction occurs, the liquefy gas working medium when directly contacting with liquid working substance, so, the proportion of liquid gas working medium is less than the proportion of liquid working substance, and it is floated on liquid working substance, and has tangible interface;

(4) liquid working substance is at T(1～end), P(1～end) under, must be the liquid that do not have viscosity or viscosity very little (T end, P end are temperature and the pressure of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion during to the design terminal point).

Above-mentioned 4 conditions are specific selectivity of binary working medium.By experiment, selecting to adapt to the gas working medium and the liquid working substance of above-mentioned 4 conditions, form binary working medium, is exactly the specific selection technology of binary working medium.Such as, selection mercury is liquid working substance, selecting ammonia, carbon dioxide, alcohol etc. is gas working medium, forms binary working medium, just can satisfy above-mentioned 4 conditions.

4, huge cylinder and manufacturing technology thereof

The specific selection technology of binary working medium for the manufacturing of huge cylinder provides precondition and scientific basis, makes the manufacturing technology of huge cylinder obtain to break through.Allow under the prerequisite in tensile breaking strength, not only the cylindrical cross-section radius of cylinder and length can manufacture and design on demand, and is unrestricted, but also can change the changeless cylindrical shape of traditional cylinder.As required, be designed and manufactured into square tubular, rectangular tubular or polygon tubular.

5, single liquid working substance and single liquid working substance technology

In the systems engineering running, the liquid working substance in the binary working medium if employing is a kind of liquid working substance, so, just claims that it is single liquid working substance and single liquid working substance technology.

6, the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium and biliquid working medium

In the systems engineering running, the liquid working substance in the binary working medium if employing is two kinds of liquid working substances, so, just claims that it is a biliquid working medium.

No. 1 liquid working substance of liquid working substance called after that direct contact surface is arranged with gas working medium in the cylinder, so, according to studies show that, the liquid metal under the normal temperature is No. 1 a desirable liquid working substance.Mercury particularly, its advantage is than great, can reduce the vertical height that systems engineering is built greatly, the production management when being easy to the systems engineering operation; Freezing point temperature is low, can proper functioning under greater than-39 ℃ cryogenic conditions at low-temperature heat source temperature; When contacting, all possesses the specific selectivity of binary working medium with majority of gas working medium.Shortcoming, resource is few, can dissolve multiple metal.

Because normal temperature liquid metal resource down is few, and systems engineering is when operation, and liquid working substance circuit requirement is very big, and this can not satisfy the demand with regard to having determined liquid metal under the employing normal temperature to do single liquid working substance.Therefore, must adopt biliquid working medium, i.e. liquid metal (as mercury) under adopting a part of normal temperature or possess specific optionally other liquid working substance of binary working medium and do No. 1 liquid working substance, also need adopt aboundresources, be easy to obtain, the water of enormous amount or other aqueous solution etc. serve as replenishing of No. 1 liquid working substance insufficient section.The liquid working substance that replenishes serving as No. 1 liquid working substance insufficient section does not promptly have direct contact surface with gas working medium, but same No. 1 liquid working substance has No. 2 liquid working substances of liquid working substance called after of direct contact surface, and this has just constituted biliquid working medium.

In the systems engineering running, during biliquid working medium is in all the time and is in contact with one another.Therefore, biliquid working medium also must possess following condition, and the normal operation of systems engineering is just possible.

(1) at first satisfying the specific selectivity of binary working medium with No. 1 liquid working substance is prerequisite.

When (2) two kinds of liquid working substances are in contact with one another under T1, P1, do not vaporize, heat up, burn, the destructive variation such as blast.

When (3) two kinds of liquid working substances are in contact with one another, have good inertia under T1, P1, do not interpenetrate, the dissolving or seldom interpenetrate, the dissolving.Adopt anti-folding, tension, impermeable, the material that flexility is good, when doing separation layer (not drawing among Fig. 6) in heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse, this can be removed from.

The proportion of (4) two kinds of liquid must not be identical.Or the proportion of No. 1 liquid working substance as being No. 1 liquid working substance with mercury, is No. 2 liquid working substances with water greater than No. 2 liquid working substances; Or the proportion of No. 1 liquid working substance as being No. 1 liquid working substance with the liquid fat class I liquid I, is No. 2 liquid working substances with water less than No. 2 liquid working substances.

(5) two kinds of liquid working substances are at T(1～end), P(1～end) under, must be not have viscosity or the very little liquid of viscosity.

Above-mentioned 5 conditions are the specific selectivity of biliquid working medium.By experiment, selecting to adapt to No. 1 liquid working substance and No. 2 liquid working substances of above-mentioned 5 conditions, form biliquid working medium, is exactly the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium.Few at No. 1 liquid working substance natural resources, proportion is provided with heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse V during greater than No. 2 liquid working substances above greater than h0

(1～end), the technical measures of taking in order to reduce by No. 1 liquid working substance use amount as far as possible exactly.

7, huge piston and manufacturing technology thereof

The specific selection technology of binary working medium makes huge cylinder manufacturing technology obtain to break through, and in like manner, also makes huge piston manufacturing technology obtain to break through.

(1) no piston technology.Be not establish piston in the cylinder.Satisfying under specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of the biliquid working medium prerequisite, when the saturated vapour isothermal expansion temperature in the liquid working substance temperature 〉=cylinder in cylinder, cylinder surrounding space and the cylinder, can adopt no piston technology.

(2) sheet shape piston and manufacturing technology thereof

Fig. 7 is sheet shape piston section image figure.

Fig. 7 explanation: heat insulation layer (1).Metal layer (2).Working medium switching starter (4), (not drawing in the detailed structure view) can remove from when not establishing.Sheet shape piston does not only require precision with the surface of contact between the huge cylinder wall, but also requires to leave as required 〉=space of 0.2cm, make sheet shape piston in lifting process with there not being surface friction drag between the cylinder wall.The plane shape of sheet shape piston is identical with huge cylinder tubular shape of cross section.Heat insulation layer and metal layer will fuse.

Sheet shape piston will be selected the lightweight material manufacturing for use, or on piston on the plane (under the lower plane) set up gas storage storehouse (among Fig. 7 draw), liquid working substance proportion in piston weight ÷ piston volume＜cylinder floats on the liquid level of liquid working substance piston all the time in cylinder.

Sheet shape piston has not had the meaning and the performance of conventional piston.Its main performance, have only three basically: one, relative heat-insulating property; Two, when setting up the working medium switching starter, can in piston elevating movement process, partly play the opening and closing effect of working medium switch; Three, the direct contact surface of binary working medium is minimized.

(3) gas bag shape piston technology

Gas bag shape piston is similar to big gas bag, with anti-folding, tension, impermeable, pliable and tough, made that heat-insulating property is good.Under the normal pressure, gas bag natural volume after the inflation and shape are with the volume and the appearance shape of cylinder.The upper end of gas bag joins with the gas working medium conduit and communicates, and gas working medium and liquid working substance do not have direct contact surface.When adopting gas bag shape piston, the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from; When adopting biliquid working medium, the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium (2), (3), (5) keep, and the liquid working substance proportion that resource is few is greater than the many liquid working substance proportion of resource, and all the other are removed from.

(4) hood-shaped piston and manufacturing technology thereof

(first) Fig. 8 is hood-shaped piston and the huge cylinder section image figure that matches with it.

Fig. 8 explanation: the huge cylinder (1) that matches with hood-shaped piston.(2), (5), (6) are with (2), (5), (6) in Fig. 5 explanation.Hood-shaped piston area (3).Hood-shaped piston wall (4).No. 2 liquid working substance adds mouthful (7), and it is from the piston area break-through.Hood-shaped piston promotes, detachment system (not drawing in the detailed structure view) (8).Barricade (11) in No. 1 liquid working substance circular groove (9), annular storage bin (10), (annular storage bin is located at the top of annular accumulator tank, and is connected with annular accumulator tank), the annular.Liquid working substance adds mouth, hood-shaped piston service ports (12).H1, h0 be with h1, h0 in Fig. 5 explanation, and the h0 among Fig. 8 is again simultaneously to the total height of hood-shaped piston area at the bottom of the hood-shaped piston wall wall.H(-1): No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane peak absolute altitude in the annular storage bin.H(-3): No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude in the annular storage bin.H(-3): fall journey design minimum point absolute altitude at the bottom of circular groove bottom land and the hood-shaped piston wall wall.

Hood-shaped piston is similar to a flat drum left-hand thread in No. 1 liquid working substance groove.The shape of hood-shaped piston area (3) is identical with the cylindrical cross section shape of huge cylinder (1), and the upper strata is a heat insulation layer, and lower floor is a metal layer.Hood-shaped piston wall (4) likeness in form bucket wall is made with metallic material.The outer wall of barricade (11) in the inwall of the outer wall of hood-shaped piston area (3) and piston wall (4) and the inwall of cylinder wall, piston wall and the annular respectively leaves 〉=space of 0.2cm.Thickness+the space of the width=piston wall of circular groove * 2.Liquid working substance proportion in piston weight ÷ piston volume＜cylinder, (can set up the gas storage storehouse on the upper and lower plane of the lower plane of piston area, not draw among Fig. 8) floats on the liquid level of liquid working substance hood-shaped piston all the time in cylinder.The annular in barricade height＞h(-1), less than height at the bottom of the storehouse in piston lower plane or gas storage storehouse, its thickness determines according to need.

The preparation of hood-shaped piston before engineering operation: working medium switch (5) and liquid working substance add mouthful (12) and open; Hood-shaped piston promotes detachment system (8) hood-shaped piston is risen to h1; Add mouthful (12) from liquid working substance and toward No. 1 liquid working substance annular storage bin (10), pour into liquid working substance No. 1; To No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane and h(-2) when becoming level, add in mouthful (7) pouring into liquid working substance No. 2 again toward No. 2 liquid working substances; To No. 2 liquid working substance horizontal planes and hood-shaped piston lower plane, or when absolute altitude becomes level at the bottom of the storehouse in gas storage storehouse, close working medium switch (5) and liquid working substance and add mouthful (12); Then, hood-shaped piston and elevator system (8) are separated, and hood-shaped piston is floated on the liquid level of liquid working substance, enter lifting state freely.

The performance of (second) hood-shaped piston

Hood-shaped piston performance, except that identical with sheet shape piston performance, its main performance be No. 1 liquid working substance than great, under the few situation of resource, can reduce the use amount of No. 1 liquid working substance to greatest extent, generally promote and utilization creates conditions for of the present invention.Main purpose is to think to adopt widely the liquid metal under mercury and the similar normal temperature to do liquid working substance No. 1.On hood-shaped piston, also can set up working medium switching starter (not drawing among Fig. 8) when needing.

(the third) designing technique of h1～h(-3)

The design of h1～h(-3) is to fall journey to design minimum point h(-3 at the bottom of the hood-shaped piston wall wall)=0 o'clock quiescent value is an object.

h0＝（h1-h0）+〔h0-h（-1）〕+〔h（-1）

-h（-2）〕+d+d′

＝（h1-h0）+〔h0-h（-1）〕+〔h（-1）

-h(-2))+h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1+d '

Formula-17

H0, h1, h(-2), h(-1) with h0, h1, h(-2 in Fig. 8 explanation), h(-1).D: corresponding to No. 1 liquid working substance liquid-column height of No. 2 liquid working substance fluid column h ' consumptions; D=h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1, merchant's fractional part is only advanced not give up, and is 0.3m as the 0.21m value.H ' consumption: differential loss, h ' consumption 〉=h consumption＞0, non-equal difference h ' consumption is got the maximum value in the h ' consumption.Y1:1 liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).Y2:2 liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).D ': the technology amount (m) of super d, 1＞d '＞0(m) generally speaking.Except that indicating the person, all other all are unit with m in the formula-17.

The design sequence of h1～h(-3): the height of determining h1～h0; Determine the height of h0～h(-1); Determine h(-1)～h(-2) height; Ask the value of d=h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1; Determine the value of d '; Calculate h0 with formula-17; Each numerical value determine or try to achieve after calculate the concrete numerical value of h1～h(-3) again.

The design of (fourth) No. 1 liquid working substance annular storage bin capacity and the calculating of No. 1 liquid working substance use amount of single hood-shaped piston

V1＝S×〔h1+h（-1）-h0-h（-2）〕

Formula-18

V1:1 liquid working substance annular storage bin h(-2)～h(-1) capacity (m of section ³).S: the cross sectional area (m of hood-shaped piston wall ²).H1, h0, h(-1), h(-2) with h1, h0, h(-1 in Fig. 8 explanation), h(-2), (m).

V＝V1+V2-V3＝V1+V2-S×h（-1）

Formula-19

V: No. 1 liquid working substance use amount of single hood-shaped piston (m ³).V1=formula-18, (m ³).V2: Duan capacity (m circular groove h(-3)～h(-2) ³).V3＝S×h（-1），（m ³）。S: the cross sectional area (m of hood-shaped piston wall ²).H(-1): with the h(-1 in Fig. 8 explanation), (m)

(3) the specific selection technology of traditional cylinder connecting vessels and binary working medium

1, defer to no piston technology when not establishing piston.

2, the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from when adopting traditional piston; The biliquid specific selection technology of working medium (2), (3), (5) keep when adopting biliquid working medium, and the liquid working substance proportion that resource is few is greater than the many liquid working substance proportion of resource, and all the other are removed from.

3, when adopting sheet shape piston, specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium must all keep.

4, if No. 1 liquid working substance proportion less than No. 2 liquid working substance proportions, or No. 2 liquid working substance countercylinders are corrosive, and when not allowing No. 2 liquid working substances with cylinder surface of contact to be arranged, heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse (drawing among Fig. 8) should be set under the h0 of cylinder; The design capacity of cylinder is greater than displacement volume; The design capacity in heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse is greater than the design capacity of cylinder; The use amount of No. 1 liquid working substance is greater than the design capacity of cylinder, less than the design capacity in heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse.The lower end mouth of pipe of liquid working substance conduit is provided with the bottom in heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse.Like this, No. 1 circulation of liquid working substance when systems engineering moves just can be controlled, only be up and down the lifting form in the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse under cylinder and cylinder and carry out, make No. 2 liquid working substances and cylinder not have surface of contact, No. 1 liquid working substance also advances less than going in the liquid working substance conduit.Play the isolation antisepsis on the one hand, can also reduce the liquid working substance use amount on the other hand No. 1.

Heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology is set under the h0, also claims liquid working substance to isolate aseptic technic,, all be suitable for generally speaking for various forms of cylinder connecting vesselss.

(4) potential energy production technology

Liquid working substance potential energy gathers storing technology, is called for short the potential energy production technology.Cylinder connecting vessels technology has been described, promptly traditional, huge cylinder connecting vessels technology: comprising binary working medium and the specific selection technology of binary working medium, single liquid working substance technology, biliquid working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium; Huge cylinder and huge piston manufacturing technology: comprising no piston technology, sheet shape, gas bag shape and hood-shaped piston technology, and after heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology is set on the h0 or under the h0, just self-evident by the potential energy production technology of cylinder connecting vessels performance decision.

Three, water turbine, generator and potential energy, mechanical energy, electric energy switch technology

(1) water turbine, generator unit

Fig. 9 is that water turbine, generator unit are provided with position profile image figure.

Fig. 9 explanation: Fig. 9 is based on Fig. 5,6, is Fig. 5,6 expansion and extension.Same Fig. 5,6 compares, and Fig. 9 has increased water turbine, generator unit (10), number is set generally speaking by h6(end-2) number determine, as (end)=5, so, h6(end-2)=h6(5-2)=h6(3), promptly the number of water turbine, generator unit is 3.Increased with the water turbine number identically, connected the descending conduit of liquid working substance (6), liquid working substance switch (5) that water turbine and potential energy gather storage vault, the effect of liquid working substance switch (5) is the water-outlet quantity of control water turbine water outlet.H5(1～end): each water turbine water outlet absolute altitude.In addition, all same Fig. 5 of remaining equipment and title, 6.Clear for drawing, except that description needed, all the other labels all omitted in Fig. 9.

(2) water turbine water outlet absolute altitude design

H5=h4+d ' formula-20

H5: water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m), h5(1～end generally speaking)=h5.H4=formula-21.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

After h5 determined, the design that water turbine, generator are provided with the position just adapted with it.

(3) potential energy, mechanical energy, electric energy transformation way

Connect the descending conduit of liquid working substance (6) that water turbine and potential energy gather storage vault, the liquid working substance that potential energy gathers in the storage vault is imported the water turbine acting, the liquid working substance potential energy converting and energy is become water turbine mechanical energy in the best mode of impacting; Water turbine drives generator for electricity generation, and water turbine mechanical energy is converted to electric energy.

Each corresponding drainage point h6(1～end of the water-outlet quantity≤unit time of each water turbine water outlet of unit time) the liquid working substance amount V ' (1～end) of Pai Chuing.

Four, residue potential energy gathers storage vault and residue potential energy technology

(1) residue potential energy gathers storage vault

Figure 10 is that residue potential energy gathers storage vault section image figure.

Figure 10 explanation: Figure 10 is based on Fig. 5,6,9, is Fig. 5,6,9 expansion and extension.Same Fig. 5,6,9 compares, Figure 10 has increased and h6(1～end) the identical residue potential energy of number gather storage vault (11) and liquid working substance switch (5), the liquid working substance switch is located at residue potential energy and gathers on the liquid working substance down going channel of storage vault bottom of the reservior, down going channel and heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse V

(1～end) communicates.Increase a final stage liquid working substance recycle pump (12) and linked its liquid working substance conduit (6).H4(1～end): residue potential energy gathers liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point and the minimum point absolute altitude in the storage vault, (the liquid working substance horizontal plane that residue potential energy gathers in the storage vault must not be lower than this minimum point absolute altitude).In addition, all same Fig. 5 of remaining equipment and title, 6,9.Clear for drawing, except that description needed, all the other labels all omitted in Figure 10.

(2) h4(1～end) designing technique

According to technical basis (five), (seven), (17), h4(1～end is set below h5), h4(1～end generally speaking)=h4.

H4=(P end * 101%-P ') ÷ 100Y+h1

Formula-21

H4: residue potential energy gathers liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude (m) in the storage vault, (h4(1～end)＞h6(end)＞h3).P end: the P end (gram/cm in the same formula-14 ²).P ': residue potential energy gathers the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the storage vault horizontal plane top gas space ²).Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m).

When h4(1～end)=during h4, residue potential energy gathers storage vault V, and " (1～end) can merge design, fuses.

(3) residue potential energy technology

According to technical basis (five) (seven) (17) and the determined h4(1～end of formula-21), at h4(1～end) below is provided with liquid working substance residue potential energy and gathers storage vault (11).So, after water turbine acting, from water outlet and h6(end-1) after the liquid working substance of discharging enters residue potential energy and gathers storage vault, because of the design that is subjected to absolute altitude h5 and h4 is controlled,, promptly remain potential energy apart from potential energy in addition between h0.

Residue potential energy is made up of two aspects: 1, and the positive back pressure pressure P that the vertical positive back pressure fluid column between absolute altitude h4～h0 is had in initial point is just.P just+P '=P0, (P ' gather storage vault V for residue potential energy " gas pressure intensity of the gas space of top), P0 is an initial point pressure, initial point be in the h0 horizontal plane have a few; In cylinder because initial point be in the cylinder in the liquid working substance horizontal plane have a few, so, P0 at this moment＞P end.2, residue potential energy gathers the liquid working substance amount in the storage vault.

When the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion equals the P end to design initial point, pressure, or saturated vapour enters condenser and is cooled to pressure and drops to P when end, corresponding liquid working medium switch cuts out, after residue potential energy gathers liquid working substance switch (5) unlatching storage vault under, the effect of initial point pressure P0 in initial point just become the promotion liquid working substance and returned cylinder, and promote piston and rise, the compression adiabatic expansion adds its pressurization pressure P that enters condenser liquefaction reduction to the saturated vapour of design terminal point; The liquid working substance amount that residue potential energy gathers in the storage vault has just become the pressurization energy.Without mechanical energy, and compress the saturated vapour of adiabatic expansion, make it enter condenser liquefaction reduction, claim again that therefore it is to substitute mechanical energy to the design terminal point by the residue potential energy of liquid working substance itself.

Lower the temperature in the gas working medium adiabatic expansion; Liquid working substance residue potential energy promptly substitutes the compression of mechanical energy; Low-temperature heat source is further lowered the temperature in the condenser, absorbs under the triple role of the heat of condensation, and gas working medium liquefaction reduction has just had technical guarantee and scientific basis.

Gather the liquid working substance conduit (6) that final stage liquid working substance recycle pump (12) is set in the storage vault and links it at liquid working substance final stage potential energy, the h6(end) under liquid working substance be extracted into the liquid working substance residue potential energy that is provided with among the h4 and gather in the storage vault and go, be in order to satisfy liquid working substance circulation needs.If there is available natural liquid working substance to guarantee continuously to supply with on h4, as rivers flowing water, so, liquid working substance recycle pump (12) and the liquid working substance conduit (6) that links it just can be removed from.

Five, serial system engineering and serial system engineering

(1) serial system engineering universal design technology

Serial system engineering universal design technology is called for short universal design technology (down together).

Figure 11 is serial system engineering blank section image figure, is again simultaneously single cylinder list group engineering section image figure.

Figure 11 explanation: the same Figure 10 of Figure 11.Among Figure 11, the same Figure 10 of the title of label representative or equipment.Difference, V(1～end): except that the displacement volume of expression cylinder, also represent cylinder itself.V ' (1～end): except that each drainage point h6(1～end of expression acting end) the liquid working substance volume of discharging, represents that also each potential energy gathers storage vault and its displacement volume.V " (1～end): gather the displacement volume of storage vault except that expression respectively remains potential energy, represent that also respectively remaining potential energy gathers storage vault itself.V (1～end): except that the displacement volume of the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange of expression storehouse h2～h3 section, also represent heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse itself.Clear for drawing, except that description needed, all the other labels all omitted in Figure 11.

The universal design technology is object (Figure 12,13 description of drawings are in the back) with Figure 11,12,13.

1, the temperature difference limit value

The temperature difference limit value is meant the minimum value in the time of can also being utilized by systems engineering of the present invention of having a narrow range of temperature between high temperature heat source and the low-temperature heat source.

T limit=T surpasses-T end+T ' 1+T ' 2 formula-22

T limit: temperature difference limit value.T is super: the technology temperature at super T end (corresponding with the P superfacies).The T end: adiabatic expansion is to the saturated vapour temperature of design during terminal point.Temperature when T ' 1 low-temperature heat source fluid leaves condenser deducts the temperature approach that its temperature when the source is tried to achieve.T ' 2: the temperature approach that the saturated vapour temperature when the high temperature heat source temperature deducts isothermal expansion in the cylinder is tried to achieve.

During saturated vapour T end, the respective value of saturated vapour pressure " P " equals " P end ".In like manner, during saturated vapour " T is super ", the respective value of saturated vapour pressure " P " equals " P is super ".So, according to technical basis (17)

P surpasses=P end * 101%+(d+d '+h1+h consumption) * Y ÷ 10

Formula-23

P is super: the saturated vapour pressure (kilogram/cm that T is overtime ²).D=h6(1)-h5(1), i.e. water turbine design work head (m), h6(1)=formula-13, h5(1)=formula-20.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m).The h consumption: with the h consumption (m) in Fig. 3 explanation, h ' consumption 〉=h consumption＞0.Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).The P end: the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion is to the pressure (kilogram/cm of design during terminal point ²).

Because saturated vapour T is overtime, it is super that the respective value of saturated vapour P equals P, and in like manner, saturated vapour P is overtime, and it is super that the respective value of saturated vapour T equals T.Therefore, the value that T is super adopt formula-23 try to achieve P super after, just definite by the respective value of the super T of P.

Temperature difference limit value T limit, closely related with the systems engineering of saturated vapour temperature T, pressure P, liquid working substance proportion Y, variety classes and different purposes.Therefore, in the systems engineering of liquid working substance, variety classes and the different purposes of the high low-temperature heat source of different temperatures, inhomogeneous gas working medium, different specific weight, temperature difference limit value (T limit) has nothing in common with each other.The temperature difference between the high low-temperature heat source is all 〉=can being exploited of T limit, and as the warm resource of height of the present invention.

With Figure 11 is example.If: gas working medium is a carbon dioxide; No. 1 liquid working substance is a liquid fat: No. 2 liquid working substances are water, and proportion is (1 gram/Cm ³); The T end is 7.5 ℃; The temperature of low-temperature heat source fluid when the source is 5 ℃, and the temperature when leaving condenser is 7.5 ℃, T ' 1=7.5-5=2.5 ℃; T ' 2=2 ℃; H1=1m; H consumption=1m; D=20m; D '=2m; From subordinate list, check in (subordinate list is the thermodynamic property table under the carbon dioxide saturation state), when T end=7.5 ℃, P end=43.2 kilogram/cm ²So, by formula-23 can in the hope of:

P surpasses=43.2 * 101%+(20+2+1+1) ÷ 10

=46.032 kilograms/cm ²

Check in from subordinate list, as super=46.032 kilograms/cm of P ²The time, 10 ℃ of the super ≈ of respective value T of the T that P is super, use again formula-22 just can in the hope of:

T limit=10-7.5+2.5+2=7 ℃

High temperature heat source temperature=5+7=12 ℃.

When the high temperature heat source temperature is 12 ℃, when low-temperature heat source temperature is 5 ℃, just can be developed by the present invention, hydraulic turbine operating head is 20m, the temperature difference limit value is 7 ℃.

This shows that except that P end * 101%, d ', h1, h consumption, T ' 1, T ' 2, temperature difference limit value T limit is closely related with the value of hydraulic turbine operating head.Set upward example, if hydraulic turbine operating head d＜20m, so, temperature difference limit value T limit is also with＜7 ℃, when low-temperature heat source temperature was constant, the high temperature heat source temperature was also with＜12 ℃.

2, the selecting for use of liquid working substance, gas working medium

(1) serial system engineering selecting for use to liquid working substance, except that satisfying the specific selection technology of binary working medium, must satisfying the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium when adopting biliquid working medium, the liquid working substance freezing point temperature is necessary＜the T end, promptly must be less than the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion temperature during to the design terminal point.P1, the big more big liquid working substance of Y that should select more of T limit value.

(2) serial system engineering selecting for use to gas working medium, except that must satisfying the specific selection technology of binary working medium, allow in systems engineering equipment tensile properties, low-temperature heat source temperature is lower than under the gas working medium critical temperature prerequisite, should select generally speaking that boiling point is low for use, saturated vapour pressure is powerful under the uniform temp, unit mass saturated vapour volume big, vaporization heat (heat of condensation) is little, do not have viscosity or the very little material of viscosity to do gas working medium when being in liquid state

3, systems engineering fixed point program and throughput design

(1) systems engineering fixed point program

At first, the investigation engineering warm resource situation of height of looking for area or place, the thermal resource basic data under promptly basicly stable all the year round, seasonal basicly stable, regular basicly stable or other state; The investigation engineering looks for the closely interior relative height difference in place big, can be for the geographical conditions of systems engineering utilization; The investigation engineering is looked for the closely interior liquid working substance resource that can supply systems engineering to utilize in place.

Then, selected according to qualifications.Height warm aboundresources, temperature stabilization, the temperature difference greatly, closely in physical geography condition good (as the gradient greatly, highly big massif, can adopt down to burrow, last well-digging or along hillside laying liquid working substance conduit, utilize massif construction V ', V ", V Come the building system engineering etc. method), the resourceful area of liquid working substance and place, be the desirable place that systems engineering is built.Area that various conditions are all good and place can be not a lot, when selecting the project site, should fully weigh the merits and demerits between each condition, and be selected according to qualifications.

(2) systems engineering scale and throughput design

(first) unit of account time low-temperature heat source heat absorbing property

If: the temperature of low-temperature heat source when the source is " T0 "; Beginning temperature when entering condenser is " T1 ", and specific heat is d card/gram; Temperature eventually when leaving condenser is " T2 ", and specific heat is b card/gram; The cryogenic flow scale of construction that the unit time low-temperature heat source provides is the C Grams Per Second; The heat that the cryogenic flow scale of construction that the unit time low-temperature heat source provides is absorbed when " T1 " rises to " T2 " is " Q "; Environment heat conduction is ignored to the intensification influence of cryogen in the condenser, so:

Q=(b card/gram-d card/gram) * the C Grams Per Second

=(b-d) * the C card/second formula-24

（T2＞T1＞T0）

The heat of condensation of emitting when (second) unit of account time gas working medium liquefies reduction in condenser

If: adiabatic expansion enters condenser to the design terminal point gas working medium temperature (T end) is " T3 "; The unit gas working medium reduction heat of condensation of emitting that liquefies when " T3 " is D card/gram; The gas working medium that unit time enters condenser is the E Grams Per Second; The gas working medium that unit time enters condenser liquefy when " T3 " that reduction emits the heat of condensation is " Q ' "; Liquid gas working medium " T3 " back continuation cooling institute liberated heat in condenser is ignored, so:

Q '=D card/gram * E Grams Per Second=DE card/second formula-25

（T3≥T2＞T1＞T0）

(the third) calculates low-temperature heat source unit time absorption gas working medium heat of condensation permitted value

Saturated vapour liquefaction reduction is a gas working medium circuit necessary condition.Therefore, it is the necessary condition of systems engineering operation.At the T3=T end, under T3 〉=T2＞T1＞T0 prerequisite, the permitted value that the low-temperature heat source unit time absorbs the heat of condensation is just determined by following formula:

Q 〉=Q ' formula-26

(fourth) project scale and throughput design

Because the Q 〉=Q ' decision low-temperature heat source unit time absorbs heat of condensation permitted value, and Q 〉=Q ' is equivalent to (b-d) * C card/second 〉=DE card/second; Again because gas working medium liquefaction reduction is the necessary condition of systems engineering operation, so project scale is just determined by the E value that following formula is tried to achieve

(b-d) C card/second 〉=DE card/second formula-27

The E value, promptly the value of E is the gas working medium amount permitted value that enters condenser the unit time.Try to achieve with formula-27 that the DE card/after second, the value of E just can therefrom obtain.The basic data of systems engineering design-build and scale, just by high low-temperature heat source temperature and gas working medium E Grams Per Second thermal properties T, P, the V respective value under the saturation state when this temperature, liquid working substance proportion Y and P ' determine.

Thermal properties T, P, V respective value under the gas working medium E Grams Per Second saturation state are not only the foundation of systems engineering design-build, but also are the bases of systems engineering throughput:

W=(h6-h5) * V ' * Y * d formula-28

W: single water turbine throughput (kilogram m/ second).H6: corresponding drainage point absolute altitude (m).H5: corresponding water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m).V ': the liquid working substance amount Cm that corresponding drainage point h6 discharges ³/ second.Y: liquid working substance proportion kilogram/Cm ³D: water turbine power.

W is total=W1+W2+W3 ... + W end formula-29

W is total: engineering throughput kilogram m/ second.W1, W2, W3 ... W end: each water turbine throughput kilogram m/ second.

(Shen) according to technical basis (19), " high low-temperature heat source heat one of unit time regularly, the value of h1, h consumption and h ' consumption is big more, and overall efficiency is more little ".In the systems engineering design process, should note following two kinds of situations: work as project scale, i.e. the several timings of engineering group, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption should increase with the increase of Q and Q '; When Q and Q ' regularly, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption should be with project scale, i.e. increasing of engineering group number and reducing.

(scholar) can see from the above description, thermal resource involved in the present invention, and emphasis is at the low temperature thermal resource.The value of exploiting and utilizing of thermal resource, the quality and quantity (quality refers to temperature, and under high temperature heat source temperature certain condition, low-temperature heat source temperature low quality more is good more) by the low temperature thermal resource determines generally speaking.

4, the cylinder capacity design

Cylinder capacity can also can be unified the standard type that the capacity of being designed to does not wait according to systems engineering needs designs, selects for use according to need or regulates and control use for systems engineering.After cylinder design manufactured standard type, the piston that matches with it also was designed and manufactured into the corresponding standard type thereupon.

5, the progression design

In Figure 11, according to technical basis (12), gas working medium is the adiabatic expansion acting in cylinder, is by after the isothermal expansion amount of control gaseous working medium in cylinder, reduces acting end drainage point h6(1～end successively) realize.Therefore, progression design is exactly that drainage point h6(1～end is held in acting) design of number.

(1) equal difference designing technique

B=(h6(1)-h6(end)) ÷ h ' consumption+1 formula-30

B: acting end drainage point number, be called for short progression.H6(1)=formula-13(m).The h6(end)=formula-14(m).H ' consumption: the differential height of equal difference at different levels (m).

(2) non-equal difference designing technique

(h7-h6(end))=h consumption+h ' consumption 1+h ' consumption 2 ... + h ' consumes the end

Formula-31

H7: the h7 in the same formula-11.The h6(end)=formula-14.The h consumption=h7-h6(1), h6(1)=formula-13.H ' consumption (1～end): the differential height of non-equal difference at different levels (m).Progression is determined by the number of h consumption and h ' consumption.

(3) body designing technique such as

D=(V(1～end)-V ' 1) ÷ C+1 formula-32

D: acting end drainage point number, be called for short progression.V(1～end): the work total capacity (m of cylinder ³).V ' 1: saturated vapour isothermal expansion volume, the liquid working substance volume (m of first drainage point discharge of acting end just ³).C: the body volume (m such as liquid working substance that each drainage point is discharged ³).

(4) the non-body designing technique that waits

V(1～end)=V ' 1+V ' 2+V ' 3 ... + V ' last formula-33

V(1～end): the displacement volume (m of cylinder ³).V ' 1～V ' end: the non-body volume (m that waits of the liquid working substance that each drainage point is discharged ³).Progression is determined by the number at V ' 1～V ' end.

(5) single drainage point technology, promptly the acting end is gone up drainage point h6 and is only established one; Also claim the single-stage technology.

When the saturated vapour isothermal expansion, when piston dropped to the design minimum point, corresponding liquid working medium switch cut out, and the air inlet switch in the cylinder cuts out, and the switch open of giving vent to anger, saturated vapour enter condenser cooling, step-down, liquefaction; When saturated vapour pressure drops to the P end, V " the liquid working substance switch open under (1～end), liquid working substance returns cylinder under the effect of residue potential energy, promote piston simultaneously and rise; When the liquid working substance in the cylinder and piston rose to the design peak, the vapour switch that goes out in the cylinder cut out, and the admission switch open repeats foregoing working procedure, the circulation beginning.

Single drainage point technology can only be gathered the energy that discharges when storing the saturated vapour isothermal expansion.Generally speaking, be applicable under the temperature difference 〉=T limit prerequisite the engineering that has a narrow range of temperature between the warm resource of height.

6, the corresponding designing technique under T, P, the V corresponding relation

Thermodynamic property table under the carbon dioxide saturation state, or can see among the T under the carbon dioxide saturation state, P figure and T, the V figure, under carbon dioxide (saturated vapour of other material too) saturation state, has corresponding relation between temperature T, pressure P, the volume V.

If: with the carbon dioxide is gas working medium, in isothermal expansion, in the adiabatic expansion overall process, all is example with the saturation state.So, temperature T (1～end) and its P(1～end in Figure 11), h0～h7, V(1～end), V ' (1～end), V " (1～end), V Has corresponding relation between (1～end).

(1) the corresponding designing technique under T, P, h, the V corresponding relation

One-level: T1, P1, h6(1)+h consumption, V1, V ' 1, V " 1, V

1

Secondary: T2, P2, h6(2), V2, V ' 2, V " 2, V 2

Three grades: T3, P3, h6(3), V3, V ' 3, V " 3, V

3

……

Final stage: T end, P end, h6(end)+h consumption, V end, V ' end, V " end, V

The end

Formula-34

One-level～final stage: progression.T1～T end: the temperature of each corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process.P1～P end: the pressure of each corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process.H6(1)～and the h6(end): each drainage point absolute altitude of acting end.H consumption: with the h consumption in Fig. 3 explanation.V(1～end)～V (1～end): with the V(1～end in Figure 11 explanation)～V (1～end).

(2) body relation designing technique such as body such as grade down such as

V1＝V′1＝V″1＝V

1

V2＝V′2＝V″2＝V 2

V3＝V′3＝V″3＝V

3

……

V end=V ' end=V " end=V

End formula-35

V(1～end)～V (1～end): with the V(1～end in Figure 11 explanation)～V (1～end).

(3) total volume under the total volume relation of equality equates designing technique

V(1～end)=V ' (1～end)=V " (1～end)=V

(1～end)

Formula-36

V(1～end)～V

(1～end): with the V(1～end in Figure 11 explanation)～V (1～end).

7, the designing technique of h0～h7 and formula

(1) h0=± 0.00 is that journey design minimum point absolute altitude falls in piston.

(2) h1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude.Design height by cylinder is determined.

(3) h2: the absolute altitude in the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse during No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point.How much determine by No. 1 liquid working substance stock number.(h3＞h2＞h0 or h0＞h3＞h2)

(4) h3: the absolute altitude in the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse during No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane peak.By h2～h3 section in No. 1 liquid working substance stock number what and the heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse laterally vertically the size of capacity determine.(h4(1～end)＞h6(end)＞h3＞h2＞h0 or h0＞h3＞h2)

(5) h4(1～end): residue potential energy at different levels gather liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude in the storage vault.Determine by formula-21.(h5(1～end)＞h4(1～end)＞the h6(end)＞h3)

(6) h6(1): the acting end waits a drainage point absolute altitude.Drainage point absolute altitude when being the saturated vapour isothermal expansion generally speaking.Determine by formula-13.

(7) h6(end): last drainage point absolute altitude of acting end.Determine by formula-14.

(8) h6(2)～h6(end-1): acting end go up except that first with last drainage point other drainage point absolute altitude.Determine by formula-13, and be subjected to formula-34,35,36 restrictions.

(9) h7: determine by the h7 in the formula-13.

8, final stage working medium cyclic design technology

Final stage liquid working substance, gas working medium circulation can be selected following technology for use according to feelings.

(1) final stage liquid working substance recycle pump technology

At absolute altitude h6(end) V ' end top, if final stage liquid working substance recycle pump and the liquid working substance conduit that links it, the liquid working substance at V ' end is stretched in the conduit lower end, V is stretched in the upper end " " to be gone in (end-1) in (end-1); the liquid working substance in V ' end is extracted into V, the liquid working substance amount that unit time is extracted equals unit time final stage drainage point h6(end) the liquid working substance amount V ' end of discharging, the circulation needs of liquid working substance when satisfying the systems engineering operation.

(2) final stage liquid working substance nature draining technology

Satisfying under specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of the biliquid working medium prerequisite, as V " liquid working substance in the end has natural resources to guarantee incessantly to supply with; as rivers flowing water; unit time delivery volume 〉=unit time h6(end) the liquid working substance amount V ' end of discharging; the drop of liquid working substance natural resources 〉=h5-h6(end) time; the h6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of the discharging discharging of just can giving free rein to, no longer enter systems engineering, promptly no longer enter circulation.

(3) final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique

Saturated vapour adiabatic expansion in the cylinder is to T(end-1) time, corresponding liquid working medium switch cuts out, and the air inlet switch in the cylinder cuts out, the switch open of giving vent to anger; Saturated vapour enters condenser liquefaction, and temperature descends, and pressure reduces; When saturated vapour pressure is reduced to the P end, V " the liquid working substance switch open under (1～end), liquid working substance returns cylinder under the effect of residue potential energy, promote piston simultaneously and rise; When the liquid working substance in the cylinder and piston rose to the design peak, the air cock that goes out in the cylinder was closed, air inlet switch open, circulation beginning.When adopting single drainage point technology, must adopt final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique simultaneously.

9, design capacity V and designed elevation h

During the front was described, involved capacity V, absolute altitude h mostly were displacement volume and work absolute altitude.In the systems engineering design process, saturated vapour T, P, V respective value can check in from the saturated vapour thermodynamic property table, also can determine substantially that from saturated vapour T, P figure and T, V figure also available real gas status method is tried to achieve with the corresponding P of T, V value.But try to achieve with said method,, all only have relative precision, do not have absolutely accurate with the corresponding saturated vapour P of T, V value.Add that the warm resource temperature of height in the physical environment can not be long-term absolute stability, the gas working medium of selecting for use of the same race, also have the situation that purity is not quite similar, this has just determined to design in systems engineering, the design capacity of relevant devices should be greater than displacement volume, designed elevation should have can for regulation and control ± value, be normal, the stable operation of systems engineering, leave the leeway that can supply according to the sentiment control.

If biliquid working medium is adopted in systems engineering, so, when calculating absolute altitude h0～h7, note earlier calculating their negative back pressure (positive back pressure) pressure respectively by negative back pressure (positive back pressure) liquid-column height of different specific weight, and then ask they and.According to technical basis (13), be also noted that because of the piston lifting, initial point is lifting thereupon also, because of the initial point lifting, the variable quantity that the liquid-column height of different specific weight also increases and decreases thereupon, i.e. correction value.

Is No. 1 liquid working substance as certain engineering with mercury, and it is h0=± 0.00 that journey work minimum point falls in h2＞h1, piston, piston lift work peak h1=1m.When piston during at h1, h2=10m; At this moment, actual initial point is on h1=1m; At this moment negative back pressure height of mercury equals (10-1)=9m.When piston drops to h0, h2=10.5m; At this moment, initial point is on h0, and the height of negative back pressure mercury column at this moment then equals (10.5-0)=10.5m.

Therefore, calculating h6(1～end) time, initial point is as the criterion with h0 generally speaking; Calculating h4(1～end) time, initial point is as the criterion with h1 generally speaking.Under the little situation of biliquid working medium specific gravity difference, correction value can be ignored.

10, the design of vaporizer

The design-build of serial system engineering vaporizer is all identical generally speaking.

Figure 12 is vaporizer section image figure.

Figure 12 explanation: working medium switch (5).Gas working medium conduit (6).Liquid gas working medium conduit (13).Gas working medium liquid impurities separator (14).Liquid impurities escape pipe (15).The oblique conduit of gas working medium (16), high temperature heat source fluid passage (17)

Vaporizer position and size be set, determine according to high temperature heat source geographical conditions and systems engineering needs, also can be with reference to other document design.Among Figure 12, gas working medium is with the reciprocal circulation in vaporizer of high temperature heat source fluid.Liquid gas working medium is through conduit (13), from vaporizer bottom and middle part throttling ejection, along upwards circulation of the oblique conduit of the gas working medium in the heat exchanger (16), heat absorption vaporization.Saturated vapour enters gas working medium conduit (6), and the gas working medium liquid impurities flows to liquid impurities separator (14), discharges from liquid impurities escape pipe (15).The high temperature heat source fluid constantly flows to from ingress, vaporizer top, the circulation downwards along the high temperature heat source fluid passage (17) in the heat exchanger, and constantly discharge from the vaporizer bottom outlet heat release cooling back, to guarantee the high temperature design load of vaporizer.

During the condition permission, the gradable utilization of high temperature heat source.The energy that high temperature heat source discharges when at first utilizing 35 ℃～30 ℃ after 30 ℃ high temperature heat source fluids are discharged from vaporizer, utilizes the energy that it discharges 30 ℃～25 ℃ the time, by that analogy again.Utilize in the high temperature heat source engineering in classification, each classification can be selected inhomogeneous gas working medium and the liquid working substance that adapts with it for use.

11, the design of condenser

The design-build of serial system engineering condenser is all identical generally speaking.

Figure 13 is condenser section image figure.

Figure 13 explanation: the title of label (5), (6), (13), (14), (15) representative or the same Figure 12 of equipment.Liquid gas working medium adding device (18).Liquid gas working medium circulating pump (19).Gas working medium passage (20).The liquid oblique conduit of low-temperature heat source fluid (21).Low-temperature heat source fluid excavationg pump (22).

The design attitude of condenser and size are determined according to low-temperature heat source geographical conditions and systems engineering needs, also can be with reference to other document design.In Figure 15, gas working medium is with the reciprocal circulation in condenser of low-temperature heat source fluid.Gas working medium enters from the top of condenser, along gas working medium passage (20) circulation downwards, the outer wall of the oblique conduit of low-temperature heat source fluid (21) liquefaction in heat exchanger, enter gas working medium liquid impurities separator (14), liquid impurities is discharged from escape pipe (15), liquid gas working medium reenters recycle pump (19), realizes the gas working medium circulation.Figure 13 is a design object to utilize 5 ℃ of seawater of deep layer to do low-temperature heat source.The lower end of low-temperature heat source fluid conduit systems (21) extends in the 500m deep sea water, and plane and sea level maintain an equal level on the condenser.During the systems engineering operation, low-temperature heat source fluid excavationg pump (22) is constantly extracted the seawater after the heat absorption intensification of condenser upper strata out.5 ℃ of seawater of 500m deep layer are under the atmospheric pressure effect, and constantly the lower end mouth of pipe from low-temperature heat source fluid conduit systems (21) rises, and keeps the low temperature design load of condenser.

12, the design of working medium switch

Gas working medium, liquid working substance switch, common name working medium switch.The working medium switch or be designed in switch or outer switch: interior switch.Be that whole switch all is located at working medium conduit or passage the inside, can't see switch outside; Outer switch, promptly switch open and the force bearing point when closing are located at the outside of working medium conduit or passage.Generally speaking, the gas working medium switch should as far as possible be established interior switch more.

Working medium switch available electron art designs becomes Automatic Control, also can be designed to a part wherein electronic technology and control automatically, and another part is designed to the control automatically voluntarily of systems engineering interior condition.As the gas working medium switch, can become interior switch to the air inlet switch in the cylinder or the switch designs of giving vent to anger, utilize the working medium switching starter of setting up on the piston, in the piston lifting process, promote the opening and closing of gas working medium switch.The liquid working substance switch, also can utilize drainage point h6(1～end) reduce successively, in the h consumption increasing process, the variation of negative back pressure pressure on the negative same absolute altitude of back pressure fluid column, or the pressure change in the saturated vapour isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion process, the opening and closing of controlling liquid working medium switch automatically.Such as, being located at＞h3, the up switch of the liquid working substance the among＜h4 can be designed to the recloser of the sort of form of centrifugal pump bottom valve.

Electronic technology Automatic Control, also utilisation system engineering interior condition, the liquid pressure on the promptly same absolute altitude change or cylinder in pressure change condition in the saturated vapour isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion process.

13, the fitness for purpose that the serial system engineering equipment is drawn materials

The serial system engineering according to the thermal resource situation, can adopt inhomogeneous gas working medium and liquid working substance.In gas working medium and liquid working substance, some working medium has corrosivity to hardware, and is to work under the mesohigh condition.This just requires hardware will possess corresponding corrosion resistance and tensile breaking strength.

When (1) adopting mercury to be No. 1 liquid working substance,, and can also dissolve multiple metal because mercury is corrosive to many metals, so, with mercury the hardware of direct contact surface is arranged, select for use to mercury have anticorrosive, indissolubility can metallic material, or do liner with the material that other adapts.Also can adopt heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology is set under the h0, promptly isolate aseptic technic.

(2) low-boiling point gas working medium, the saturated vapour pressure under the normal temperature itself just is middle and high pressure.Therefore,, possess corresponding tensile breaking strength with gas working medium vaporization, acting, condensation, the relevant equipment of circulation, the design tensile breaking strength wants＞saturated vapour pressure intensity during the systems engineering operation.

Hardware in vaporizer, the condenser will possess three conditions simultaneously: one, possess corresponding tensile breaking strength; Two, good heat-conducting property be arranged; Three, possess the performance that corresponding anti-high and low-temp heat source fluid and gas working medium corrode.

(3) hardware of direct contact surface is arranged with liquid working substance, possess corresponding anti-liquid working substance corrosion performance and with negative back pressure (positive back pressure) the corresponding tensile breaking strength of pressure.The design tensile breaking strength is wanted＞the negative back pressure of liquid working substance (just carrying on the back strong) pressure intensity when systems engineering moves.

(4) hardwares such as standard type cylinder, piston, working medium conduit, heat exchanger, title and the tensile breaking strength that must imprint its metallic material are so that systems engineering is selected for use according to need.

(5) except that vaporizer, with gas working medium circulation, the relevant conduit of acting, passage, the appearance of equipment such as cylinder must be set up jacket.Low-temperature heat source temperature is lower than the appearance of the condenser and the low-temperature heat source fluid conduit systems of ambient temperature, also must set up jacket.

(6) according to technical basis (17), if the heat-insulating property of equipment does not reach technical requirements, saturated vapour also does work when a large amount of liquefaction just occurring, should adopt high temperature heat source fluid heat preservation technology, promptly with saturated vapour circulation, the relevant conduit of acting, passage, equipment such as cylinder and the liquid working substance of direct contact surface is arranged with saturated vapour, all adopt the insulation of high temperature heat source fluid, such as the equipment of needs insulations all being arranged among the high temperature heat source fluid, or establish high temperature heat source fluid flow conduit at device interior, the temperature that makes them all 〉=temperature during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion.

(2) serial system engineering design building technology

1, single cylinder is organized engineering more

(1) as previously mentioned, Figure 11 is serial system engineering blank section image figure, simultaneously, is again single cylinder list group engineering section image figure.

Single cylinder is organized engineering more, and is continuous according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering, and the actual demand of stable operation is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of Figure 11.

Figure 11 explanation illustrates identical with Figure 11 of front.Organize engineering by the single cylinder that a plurality of Figure 11 form, the potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ', residue potential energy gathers storage vault V more ", water turbine, generator, the liquid working substance conduit, vaporizer, the condenser that link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, the final stage liquid working substance recycle pump of water turbine and V ' and link recycle pump should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

(2) single cylinder is organized the design of engineering more

Except that (1) illustrated, single cylinder was organized the design of engineering more, deferred to the universal design technology.

2, the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more

(1) Figure 14 is multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering section image figure.

The multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more, organizes engineering based on single cylinder more, is expansion and extension that single cylinder is organized engineering more.

The multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more, according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of Figure 14.

Figure 14 explanation: Figure 14 is expansion and the extension of Figure 11 based on Figure 11.The title of Figure 14 label representative or the same Figure 11 of equipment.Compare cylinder V(1～end among Figure 14 with Figure 11), heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse V " (1～end), link V

(1～end)～V(1～end) liquid working substance conduit is increased to and drainage point h6(1～end with the number of working medium switch) number identical.H0 changes to h0(1)～the h0(end), h0(1)～and the h0(end) become the absolute altitude h0 at each corresponding cylinder V1～V end.Except that final stage h0(end), h0(1)～h0(end-1)=± 0.00, and all on same horizontal plane, so claim the multi-cylinder coordination.The h0(end) design can be selected final stage working medium cyclic design technology for use, also can adopt the h0(end of protecting under the h4 prerequisite) one-level raise-position technology, and " set up liquid working substance autobalance conduit (6) in the end, cast out the final stage liquid working substance recycle pump of Figure 11 at V.It is identical with the number at cylinder V1～V end that gas working medium conduit extension, the tricks of gas working medium switch are increased to.Figure 14 decomposed to come see, removing gas working medium and gas working medium conduit links each other with each cylinder V1～V end, the residue potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V " 1～V " (end-1) and can merge and be designed to outside the integral body, between each cylinder V1～V end, basically all become separately one relatively independent, have only the cylinder connecting vessels of a drainage point.All equipment that does not relate to change is all identical with single cylinder list group engineering.

Organize engineering by the multi-cylinder coordination that a plurality of Figure 14 form on same horizontal plane, the potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ' (1～end), residue potential energy gathers storage vault V more, and " (1～end), liquid working substance autobalance conduit (6), water turbine, generator, the descending conduit of liquid working substance that links V ' and water turbine, vaporizer, condenser should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

Clear for drawing, gas working medium conduit, working medium switch, piston are not all drawn in Figure 17, during specific design gas working medium conduit, join successively by the order at V1～V end.

(2) design of multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering

(first) according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering continous-stable operation needs, defers to the universal design technology except that (1) illustrates, determine h0～h7, h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end), V(1～end)～V Basic datas such as (1～ends).

(second) designs h0(1～end on the basis of (first))～h6(1～end)

When adopting final stage working medium cyclic design technology:

H0(2～end)=h0(1)=± 0.00.H0～h7 design data is determined by (first).

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique, the h0(end) change to:

H ' 0(end)=h4(end-1)-the h6(end)+d '

Formula-37

H ' 0(end): the h0(end) actual elevation (m) after the raise-position, (h ' 0(end)+h4(end)+d '＜h6(end-1).H4(end-1)=formula-21.The h6(end)=formula-14.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

The h0(end) change to h ' 0(end) after, the design data relevant with it on (first) determined basic data, deferred to corresponding relation, and h ' 0(end all upwards raises), correspondence changes to h ' 1(end)～h ' 6(end).During engineering operation, drainage point h6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' that discharges (end-1) enters V " end; Drainage point h6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of Pai Chuing enters V " (end-1).

(the third) on the basis of (first), design V(1～end)～V

(1～end)

When adopting final stage working medium cyclic design technology, V(1～end)～V

The design data at (1～end) is determined by (first).

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position technology, V ' (end-1) changes to V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end, and the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

(fourth) h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end) design data determine by (first).

The design of (Shen) liquid working substance autobalance conduit

At V " set up liquid working substance autobalance conduit in the end, upper end height and h ' 4(end) with high, the mouth of pipe is provided with the regulating controller (drawing among Figure 14) that can supply pipe to increase, reduce; V is stretched in the conduit lower end, and " (end-1) makes the unnecessary liquid working substance at V ' (end-1)＞V ' end, in time automatically " imports V the end " (last-1) from V.

3, the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more

(1) Figure 15 is the single group of multi-cylinder dystopy engineering section image figure

The multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more, organizes engineering based on the multi-cylinder coordination more, is expansion and extension that the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more.

The multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more, according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of Figure 15.

Figure 15 explanation: Figure 15 is expansion and the extension of Figure 14 based on Figure 14.The title of Figure 15 label representative or the same Figure 14 of equipment.Compare with Figure 14, at the h0(1 of Figure 15)～h0(end-1) in, some h0 is not provided in a side of ± 0.00 on.So claim the multi-cylinder dystopy.The h0(end of Figure 15) can adopt the h0(end of protecting under the h4 prerequisite) one-level raise-position designing technique, also can select final stage working medium cyclic design technology for use.Among Figure 15, except that h0(1), h0(end-1), the h0(end) design with Figure 14, h0(2)～h0(end-2) design, the potential energy secondary of adopt protecting under the h4 prerequisite gathers storing technology, makes water turbine, the generator of Figure 15, the descending conduit of liquid working substance that links V ' and water turbine only reduce to one group of need.The design number of liquid working substance autobalance conduit (6) is increased to identical with the number of h ' 0.All equipment that does not relate to change is all identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering.

Organize engineering by the multi-cylinder dystopy that a plurality of Figure 15 form on same horizontal plane more, the potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ' (1～end), residue potential energy gathers storage vault V " (1～end), water turbine, generator, links the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

Clear for drawing, gas working medium conduit, working medium switch, piston are not all drawn in Figure 15.During specific design gas working medium conduit, join successively by the order at V1～V end.

(2) design of the single group of multi-cylinder dystopy engineering

(first) according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering continous-stable operation needs, defers to the universal design technology except that (1) illustrates, determine h0～h7, h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), V(1～end)～V

Basic datas such as (1～ends).

(second) designs h0(1～end on the basis of (first))～h6(1～end)

H0(1), same Figure 14 of design h0(end-1), h0(end).

H0(2)～h0(end-2) design: the h0(2 of Figure 15)～h0(end-2) in for asking the same h6(1 of h6) become the h0 called after raise-position h(of raise-position on level terms to rise 0); Protecting h4, the while is the h0 called after original position h(former 0 of not raise-position again); Be generally speaking order the preceding h0 rise 0 as h(), order after h0 as h(former 0), so, according to technical basis (17), h(former 0) corresponding h(former 6), h ' (liter 4)+d ' that necessary 〉=h ' (rising 0) is corresponding, that is:

H(former 6) 〉=h ' (rising 4)+d ' formula-38

H(former 6): with h(former 0) corresponding original position h6 absolute altitude (m).H ' (rising 4): rise 0) actual elevation (m) after the raise-position corresponding h(liter 4) with h(.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h ' (rising 4), generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

H ' (rising 0)=h6(1)-h(rises 6) formula-39

H ' (rising 0): the actual elevation (m) after raise-position h(liter 6).H6(1)=formula-13.H(rises 6): rise 0 with h() corresponding raise-position h6 absolute altitude (m), determine by formula-15.

When h(rises 0) change to h ' (rising 0) after, rise 1 with its corresponding h()～h(rises 6), on (first) determined basic data, defer to corresponding relation, the h ' that all upwards raises (rising 0), correspondence changes to h ' (rising 1)～h ' (rising 6).

H(former 0)～h(former 6) design data determine by (first).

(the third) on the basis of (first), design V(1～end)～V

(1～end)

V ' (former) 〉=V ' (liter), relevant design data with it is deferred to the corresponding relation change.V ' (former): with h(former 0) the liquid working substance volume of drainage point discharge corresponding h(former 6).V ' (liter): rise 0) the liquid working substance volume of drainage point discharge corresponding h(liter 6) with h(.

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique, V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end, the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

All the other V(1～ends)～V

The design data at (1～end) is determined by (first).

(fourth) h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end) and the design data that does not relate to change determine by (first).

The design of (Shen) liquid working substance autobalance conduit

The design of liquid working substance autobalance conduit is identical with the relevant design of multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering.But it is identical with the number of h ' 0 that the number of liquid working substance autobalance conduit is increased to, and h ' 0 comprises h ' (rising 0).The upper end absolute altitude of the liquid working substance autobalance conduit on the h ' (rising 0) becomes on level terms with h ' (rising 4), and is located at V " in (liter); The lower end of conduit extend into V " (former).

4, engineering under the liquid

(1) Figure 16 is multi-cylinder list group engineering section image figure under the liquid

Engineering under the liquid is organized engineering based on the multi-cylinder coordination more, is expansion and extension that the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more.

Engineering under the liquid according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of Figure 16

Figure 16 explanation: Figure 16 is expansion and the extension of Figure 14 based on Figure 14, the title of Figure 16 label representative or the same Figure 14 of equipment.Engineering is to design under liquid or engineering under water under the liquid, so claim that also it is a Underwater Engineering.Except that h0(end-1), the h0(2 of Figure 16)～the h0(end) all adopt the h0 that protects under the h4 prerequisite to increase progressively one-level raise-position designing technique.H0(end-1) can adopt h0(end-1 under the guarantor h4 prerequisite of Figure 16) increase progressively secondary raise-position technology, also can select final stage working medium cyclic design technology for use.

Among Figure 16, except that h ' 6(end-1), h ' 6(2)～h ' 6(end)=h6(1).Except that V ' (end-1), the horizontal plane at V ' 1～V ' end is all at absolute altitude h6(1) on fuse, form the liquid storehouse.H0(1) be located at-h6(1) locate.All equipment that does not relate to change is all identical with Figure 14.

Engineering under the liquid of forming by a plurality of Figure 16, the liquid storehouse V ' that horizontal plane (absolute altitude) is equal, residue potential energy gather storage vault V ", the water turbine, the generator that equate of absolute altitude, the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, the condenser that links V ' and water turbine, should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

Clear for drawing, gas working medium conduit, switch, piston are not all drawn in Figure 16.During specific design gas working medium conduit, should join successively by the order at V1～V end.

(2) design of multi-cylinder list group engineering under the liquid

(first) according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering continous-stable operation needs, defers to the universal design technology except that (1) illustrates, determine h0～h7, h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end), V(1～end)～V Basic datas such as (1～ends).

(second) designs h0(1～end on the basis of (first))～h6(1～end)

When adopting final stage working medium cyclic design technology:

h0（1）＝±0.00，h0（1）＝-h6（1）。

H ' 0(2)=h0(1)+h ' consumption 1

H ' 0(3)=h ' 0(2)+h ' consumption 2

H ' 0(4)=h ' 0(3)+h ' consumption 3

By that analogy to the h0(end) formula-40

H0(1): the darkest absolute altitude h0(m under the horizontal plane of liquid storehouse), the absolute altitude h0 of this cylinder when being the gas working medium isothermal expansion generally speaking.H ' 0(2～end): increase progressively h0(2～end after the one-level raise-position actual elevation (m)).H ' consumption (1～end): differential loss (m).

After the h0 raise-position is h ' 0, the design data h1(1 relevant～end with it)～h6(1～end), according to (first) determined basic data, defer to corresponding relation and upwards raise, correspondence changes to h ' 1(1～end)～h ' 6(1～end).

Adopt to protect the h0(end-1 under the h4 prerequisite) when increasing progressively secondary raise-position designing technique, h0(end-1) change is designed to:

H ' 0(end-1)=h6(1)+(h6(end)+h consumption) * 1%

+ h consumption+d '-h6(end-1)

(h ' 4(end-1)+d '≤h6(1)) formula-41

H ' 0(end-1): increase progressively the h0(end-1 after the secondary raise-position) actual elevation (m).H6(1)=formula-13.The h6(end)=formula-14.H consumption: with the h consumption (m) in Fig. 3 explanation.H6(end-1): determine by formula-15.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

H0(end-1) raise-position is h ' 0(end-1) after, the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

(the third) on the basis of (first), design V(1～end)～V

(1～end)

When h0(end-1) adopt to protect the h0(end-1 under the h4 prerequisite) when increasing progressively secondary raise-position designing technique, V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end.The design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.H ' 6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing (end-1) enters V " end, h ' 6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of discharging enters the liquid storehouse.

All the other V(1～ends)～V (1～end) design data is determined by (first).

(fourth) h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end), determine by (first).All design datas that does not relate to change are determined by (first), and all design datas that relates to change are all deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

5, same P ' normal pressure engineering

(1) single cylinder described above organizes that engineering, multi-cylinder coordination are organized engineering more, the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering under engineering and the liquid more more, because of its drainage point h6(1～end) and the last horizontal plane of V ' 1～V ' top, the residue potential energy gas space gas pressure intensity P ' that gathers the last horizontal plane of storage vault V " 1～V " top equate, and be atmospheric pressure (dtm), so above-mentioned four kinds of engineerings are named as same P ' normal pressure engineering again.

Above-mentioned four kinds of engineerings, if residue potential energy gathers storage vault V " on have natural endlessly liquid working substance resource to guarantee to supply with; the delivery volume of unit time liquid working substance equals unit time h6(1) the liquid working substance amount V ' 1 that discharges; guarantee to supply with as rivers flowing water; so, same P ' normal pressure engineering and same P ' normal pressure technology just possess skills according to 12 described over-all properties, promptly rely on liquid working substance itself; gather and store the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then production power, electric power.Same P ' normal pressure engineering can also be used for water storage energy storage etc. as irrigation by pumping or water filling in the reservoir.If the liquid working substance fixed amount so, just only has and gathers the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produce the performance of power electric power, and do not have the performance of stored energy.

Same P ' normal pressure engineering, gas working medium is totally-enclosed circulation.The circulation of final stage working medium can be selected final stage working medium cyclic design technology for use, also can adopt the h0 one-level raise-position designing technique of protecting under the h4 prerequisite, or h0(end-1) secondary raise-position designing technique.

6, same P ' high pressure engineering

Same P ' high pressure engineering is the expansion and the extension of same P ' normal pressure engineering based on same P ' normal pressure engineering.

Same P ' high pressure engineering according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of same P ' high pressure list group engineerings.

(1) Figure 17 is (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering section image figure.

Figure 17 explanation: Figure 17 is expansion and the extension of Figure 14 based on Figure 14.Compare with Figure 14, Figure 17 has set up V ' 1～V ' (end-1) (comprising h6(1)～h6(end-1)) and V " 1～V " (end-1) above two airtight pressurized gas spaces " P ' end " of fusing separately.On two " P ' ends ", set up identical with V " 1～V " (end-1) number separately with V ' 1～V ' (end-1), the corresponding pressurized gas space maintenance in position mouth (24) (the double liquid working substance of doing adds mouth, is called for short service ports), barometer (24), pressure regulator valve (24).Set up an air compressor (23) on two " P ' ends " separately.H9(1～end): with V ' 1～V ' (end-1) corresponding airtight pressurized gas spaces " P ' end " crown level.H5d ': with V " 1～V " (end-1) corresponding airtight pressurized gas spaces " P ' end " crown level; H5d '＞h5, can all be located at " P ' end " the inside to water turbine, generator, also can be located at water turbine " P ' end " the inside respectively, generator is located in the normal pressure space of outside, extreme pressure lubricant sealing technique (not drawing among Figure 17) is adopted in the high low pressure junction of water turbine transmission shaft.The up conduit of liquid working substance changes to straight-through each h6 from each cylinder h0.V " under set up straight-through each the cylinder h0 of the descending conduit of liquid working substance, and (on the absolute altitude h1) establishes the liquid working substance switch on the descending conduit of each liquid working substance.Because design P ' end=P ' end=P end, and P end＞dtm are so claim that it is same P ' high pressure engineering.The pressure permitted value in airtight pressurized gas space " P ' end " is: P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm.The performance at " P ' end " is the stable operation operation.Allow under the prerequisite in the equipment tensile properties, the spatial content at " P ' end " is big more, and the stability of engineering operation is good more." P ' end " of V ' top (comprising drainage point h6) can not establish when adopting single drainage point technology.But the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time is control accurately, makes its liquid working substance amount V ' that discharges in unit time drainage point h6.

(multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure engineering of forming by a plurality of Figure 17, the airtight pressurized gas space " P ' end " that pressure equates, P ' end (pressure) equate and absolute altitude is also equal V ', V ", water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, air compressor, service ports, barometer, pressure regulator valve, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

When adopting biliquid working medium, adopt simultaneously heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology is set under the h0, the proportion of No. 1 liquid working substance is less than liquid working substance No. 2.

Same P ' high pressure engineering, binary working medium is totally-enclosed circulation.All equipment and labels that does not relate to change are all corresponding identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering.

Clear for drawing, gas working medium conduit, piston, working medium switch are not all drawn in Figure 17.During specific design gas working medium conduit, join successively by the order at V1～V end.

(2) design of (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering

(first) according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering continous-stable operation needs, defers to the universal design technology except that (1) illustrates, determine h0～h7, h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～P), V(1～end)～V

Basic datas such as (1～ends).

(second) designs h0(1～end on the basis of (first))～h9

When adopting final stage saturated vapour decrease temperature and pressure technology:

H0(2)～the h0(end)=h0(1).

H1(1～end)～and h3(1～end) determine by (first).

H4(1)=P end * 1% ÷ 100Y+h1 formula-42

H4(1): V liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude (m) ".P end: the P end (gram/cm in the same formula-14 ²).Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).Hi: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m).Generally speaking, h4(2)～the h4(end)=h4(1).

H5=h4+d ' formula-43

H5: water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m).H4=formula-42.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

H5d '=h5+d ' formula-44

H5d ': V " top airtight pressurized gas spaces " P ' end " crown levels (m).H5=formula-43.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h5, d ' 〉=water turbine (generator) body height.

H6(1)=(p1-p end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

H6(2)=(p2-p end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

H6(3)=(p3-p end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

By that analogy to the h6(end) formula-45

H6(1～end): each drainage point absolute altitude (m) of acting end.P(1～end): the pressure (gram/cm of corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process ²).Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).H consumption: with the h consumption (m) in Fig. 3 explanation.

h9（1）＝h6（1）+d′

h9（2）＝h6（2）+d′

h9（3）＝h6（3）+d′

By that analogy to h9(end-1) formula-46

H9(1～end): with V ' 1～V ' (end-1) corresponding airtight pressurized gas spaces " P ' end " crown levels (m).H6(1～end)=formula-45.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h6, the value of d ' is according to determining.

The h9(end)=h9(end-1).

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique:

H ' 0(end)=h4(1)+h consumption+d ' formula-47

H ' 0(end): the h0(end) actual elevation (m) after the one-level raise-position.H4(1)=formula-42.H consumption: with the h consumption in Fig. 3 explanation.D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0.

H ' 4(end)=h ' 0(end)+h4(1) formula-48

H ' 4(end): with h ' 0(end) the corresponding h4(end) actual elevation (m) after the raise-position, (h ' 4(end)＜h6(end-1)).H ' 0(end)=formula-47.H4(1)=formula-42.

H ' 6(end) design: at the h0(end) after the raise-position, h6(end) also corresponding thereupon raise-position is h ' 6(end), but h ' 6(end) the liquid working substance conduit at h ' 0(end) to turn one 180 degree curved in the top, stretch into V downwards at " (end-1).

H ' 6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of Pai Chuing enters V " (end-1); H6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing (end-1) enters V " (end).

(the third) on the basis of (first), design V(1～end)～V

(1～end)

When adopting final stage saturated vapour decrease temperature and pressure technology:

V(1～end)～V (1～end) determined by (first).

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique:

V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end.The design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.All the other V(1～ends)～V (1～end) determined by (first).

(fourth) h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end) determine by (first).

In (second), (third), all design datas that relates to change, the design data relevant with it are all deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; All design datas that does not relate to change are all identical with (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' normal pressure list group engineering, and determined by (first).

(Shen) same P ' high pressure engineering major advantage is to reduce the engineering vertical height.The height that reduces=P end ÷ 100Y(is referring to formula-45).This engineering only has gathers the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produces the performance of power electric power, does not have the performance of stored energy.

(comprising h6(1)～h6(end, V ' 1～V ' end)), " P ' end " respectively established in top, V " 1～V " end, P ' end=P ' end=P end (P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm), reduce the engineering vertical height, binary working medium and biliquid working medium are totally-enclosed circulation, are the major characters of same P ' high pressure engineering.

Same P ' high pressure engineering technology is applicable to various types of same P ' normal pressure engineerings.But in design, defer to the corresponding design of corresponding relation.

7, different P ' high pressure engineering

Different P ' high pressure engineering based on same P ' high pressure engineering, is the expansion and the extension of same P ' high pressure engineering.

Different P ' high pressure engineering according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of different P ' high pressure list group engineerings.

(1) Figure 18 is (multi-cylinder coordination) different P ' high pressure list group engineering section image figure.

Figure 18 explanation: Figure 18 is expansion and the extension of Figure 17 based on Figure 17.Compare with Figure 17, Figure 18 changes to P ' 1～P ' (end-1) to " P ' end ", P ' (end-1)=P ' end=P end.P ' 1～P ' (end-1): with P1～P(end-1) corresponding airtight pressurized gas space and airtight pressurized gas pressure.P ' 1～P ' (end-1) is designed to (comprising h6(1)～h6(end-1 with V ' 1～V ' (end-1))) corresponding, separate airtight pressurized gas space.It is identical with the number of V ' 1～V ' (end-1) that air compressor (23), the design number of service ports, barometer, pressure regulator valve (24) change to all, and match with P ' 1～P ' (end-1).P ' the end of V " 1～V " (end-1) top fuses P ' end=P ' end=P end; Air compressor (23), the design number of service ports, barometer, pressure regulator valve (24) and the same Figure 17 of design method.

Because in P ', the pressure values of P ' 1～P ' (end-1) has nothing in common with each other, again because of P ' 1～P ' end＞dtm, so claim that it is different P ' high pressure engineering.When adopting single drainage point technology, the P ' 1～P ' (end-1) of V ' 1～V ' (end-1) top can not establish, but the accurately control of the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time makes it equal the liquid working substance amount V ' that unit time drainage point h6 discharges.

(multi-cylinder coordination) different P ' high pressure engineering of forming by a plurality of Figure 18, the airtight pressurized gas space that gas pressure intensity equates, gas pressure intensity equates and absolute altitude also equates V ', V ", hydraulic turbine generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, air compressor, service ports, barometer, pressure regulator valve, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

All equipment and labels that does not relate to change are all corresponding identical with (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering.

(2) design of different P ' high pressure list group engineering

(first) according to thermal resource situation and systems engineering continous-stable operation needs, defers to the universal design technology except that (1) illustrates, determine h0～h7, h consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～P), V(1～end)～V Basic datas such as (1～ends).

(second) designs h0(1～end on the basis of (first))～h9

When adopting final stage saturated vapour decrease temperature and pressure technology:

H0(1～end)～and h3(1～end) determine by (first).

H4(1)=formula-42; H4(2)～the h4(end)=h4(1).

H5=formula-43.

H5d '=formula-44.

H6(1)～h6(end-2)=h6(end-1), h6(end-1) determine by formula-45.

H9(1)～h9(end-2)=h9(end-1), h9(end-1) determine by formula-46.

Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique:

H ' 0(end), design h ' 4(end), h ' 6(end) is corresponding identical with the relevant design of (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering.

(the third) on the basis of (first), designs P ' 1～P ' (end-1)

P ' end=P end, the P end is determined by (first).

P ' (end-1)=P ' end=P end, the P end is determined by (first).

P ' 1=P1-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

P ' 2=P2-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

P ' 3=P3-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

By that analogy to P ' (end-2) formula-49

P ' 1～P ' (end-1): with P1～P(end-1) gas pressure intensity (kilogram/cm in the corresponding airtight pressurized gas of order space ²).P1～P end: saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the pressure (kilogram/cm of corresponding points in the adiabatic expansion process ²).H6(end-1), determine by formula-45.Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³).

(fourth) V(1～end)～V

The design at (1～end), corresponding identical with the relevant design of (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering.

H consumption, h ' consumption (1～end), P(1～end) determine by (first).

In (second), (third), (fourth), all design datas that relates to change, the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; All design datas that does not relate to change, all identical with (multi-cylinder coordination) same P ' high pressure list group engineering, and definite by (first).

The major advantage of (Shen) different P ' high pressure engineering is to reduce the engineering vertical height to greatest extent, h6(1～end) absolute altitude be located on the same horizontal plane.Generally speaking, height=P ' 1 ÷ 100Y(m that engineering reduces), (gas pressure intensity (gram/cm in airtight pressurized gas space, top of P ' 1:h6(1) ²).Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³)).

The value of the vertical height of different P ' high pressure engineering and P ' and h6 is closely related.Under P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm prerequisite, the value of engineering vertical height and P ' be inversely proportional to (P ' comprise P ' 1～P ' end); Be directly proportional (h6 comprises h6(1～end) with the value of h6).The engineering vertical height can be under P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm prerequisite design as required, determine P ' (1～end) or h6(1～end earlier) value, and then calculate corresponding with it h6(1～end) or the value of P ' (1～end).

Different P ' high pressure engineering only has and gathers the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produces the performance of power electric power, does not have the performance of stored energy.

(comprising h6(1)～h6(end-1, V ' 1～V ' end)) top is established P ' 1～P ' end respectively, the top merging of V " 1～V " end is provided with P ' end (P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm) and reduces the engineering vertical height to greatest extent, and binary working medium and biliquid working medium are the major character that totally-enclosed circulation is different P ' high pressure engineering.

Different P ' high pressure engineering technology is applicable to various types of same P ' normal pressure engineerings.But on specific design, defer to the corresponding design of corresponding relation.

8, conveyance system

Conveyance system is meant the engineering that matches with other industry engineering with the serial system engineering.As select corresponding systems engineering to match with the chemical industry engineering, be conveyance system.

In chemical engineering and other industry engineering, it is that the higher steam state semi-finished product of temperature are become liquid form product through condensation, pressurization back processing (liquefaction) with manufacturing process that the performance of many equipment is arranged.As the production of fuel oil in the production of liquid gas, the petroleum chemical engineering etc., this equipment and manufacturing process are arranged all.

The steam state semi-finished product that temperature is higher not only have the saturated vapour volume before condensation liquefaction, but also have saturated vapour pressure.The systems engineering that selection and the present invention adapt, by specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium, liquid working substance or biliquid working medium (is prerequisite with the quality that does not influence liquid form product) that selection and steam state semi-finished product adapt, condensation pressurized equipment in chemical engineering or other engineering is removed from, steam state semi-finished product conduit is connected with the gas working medium conduit in the systems engineering of the present invention, like this, the steam state semi-finished product just can be utilized, as the gas working medium of systems engineering operation of the present invention.Through the systems engineering isothermal expansion, enter the steam state semi-finished product of condenser after the adiabatic expansion acting, in condenser, liquefy, be processed to export behind the liquid form product.The steam state semi-finished product enter the gas working medium conduit of systems engineering continuously, and the liquid form product after the liquefaction is exported from condenser continuously.Like this, just can become the pressurized liquefied process of the half-finished condensation of potential energy production and steam state to the pressurized liquefied process of the half-finished condensation of steam state of chemical engineering and other engineering.Neither influence the production of liquid form product and the quality of liquid form product, can therefrom obtain power and electric power again.

Conveyance system, because its gas working medium derives from the steam state semi-finished product before other engineering liquid form product, and export as liquid form product behind the steam state semi-finished product condensation liquefaction, therefore, systems engineering as conveyance system, liquid gas working medium circulating pump in its high temperature heat source and vaporizer, the condenser is removed from naturally, and liquid gas working medium is added a mouthful change and is designed to the liquid form product delivery outlet.

Seven, the ice storage energy storage, adopting that ice gets can technology

Long-term extremely frigid zones or winter extremely frigid zones, utilize high and cold temperature condition and favorable terrain, build large-scale icebox, ice with flowing water productions such as rivers flowing water, ice storage is (icebox is the non-power consumption or the icebox that seldom consumes energy, mainly the storage time of keeping ice by the solution heat itself of thermoinsulation material insulation and ice) among large-scale icebox.According to systems engineering operation needs or seasonal variations, ambient air temperature rises to be needed, and gets the ice storage in the icebox or the ice of exploitation glacier and south poles and does low-temperature heat source.

With same P ' normal pressure engineering is example: establishing gas working medium is carbon dioxide, and quality is 1 kilogram.Saturated vapour T1=15 ℃, P1=51930 gram/cm when looking into subordinate list and getting 15 ℃ ², V1=6323000Cm ³/ kilogram.Saturated vapour T end=2.5 ℃, P end=37950 gram/cm when looking into subordinate list and getting 2.5 ℃ ², Q2=53.98 kilocalorie/kilogram.Low-temperature heat source is the solution heat of ice, and quality is 1 kilogram, the solution heat Q1=80 kilocalorie/kilogram of known ice.Saturated vapour vaporization heat when high temperature heat source satisfies T1.No. 2 liquid working substances are water, proportion Y=1 gram/cm.d′＝5（m）。The h consumption=2(m).P '=the dtm of V ' 1 top.V " P of 1 top "=dtm.The energy computer capacity, the liquid working substance potential energy W(kilogram m/ second that obtains during saturated vapour (T1) isothermal expansion), so, just can try to achieve by following formula:

W=((P1-P end * 101%-P '+P ") ÷ 100Y-d '-h consumption) * V1 * Y ÷ 1000 * (Q1 ÷ Q2)

Formula-50

W＝〔（51930-37950×101%-dtm+dtm）÷100×1-5-2〕×6323000×1÷1000×（80÷53.98）

1209995 kilograms of m/ of ≈ second

That is to say, during saturated vapour vaporization heat needs when high temperature heat source satisfies 15 ℃ of carbon dioxide (this is as easy as rolling off a log thing of accomplishing), utilize the solution heat (energy that discharges when only calculating isothermal expansion) of 1 kilogram of ice, just can obtain the potential energy of 120 kilograms m/ seconds.

The ice storage energy storage, adopting that ice gets can technology, comes down at climate law that utilizes nature and temperature condition, produces, stores artificial coal and oil.South poles might become human important natural energy source production base, and what the mankind were seeking adopts ice from south poles, for the imagination of fresh water demand, also will kill two birds with one stone, and both gets the fresh water energy again.

When doing low-temperature heat source with ice, gradable utilization.Be first order low-temperature heat source as the solution heat that at first utilizes ice, and then utilize after the ice dissolving that 0 ℃ of low temperature water is a second level low-temperature heat source.During conditions permit, the also gradable utilization of other low-temperature heat source.When adopting classification to utilize the low-temperature heat source technology, each hierarchical system engineering can be selected the not homogeneity gas working medium and the liquid working substance that adapt with it.

When high temperature heat source of the present invention and low-temperature heat source temperature＜normal temperature, on temperature, high temperature heat source and low-temperature heat source do not have the absolute field boundary.As above routine, T1=15 ℃, that is to say just can be as high temperature heat source than 15 ℃ of higher thermals source; Change an occasion, if when utilizing 30 ℃ hot springs geothermal resources to do high temperature heat source, so, 15 ℃ thermal source again can be as low-temperature heat source.Therefore, in the present invention, under the temperature difference 〉=T limit prerequisite, the warm resource of height can comprehensive grading utilization, can be high temperature heat source at this, can be low-temperature heat source again at that; At this is low-temperature heat source, can be high temperature heat source again at that.During the warm resource of comprehensive grading utilization height, each hierarchical system engineering can be selected the gas working medium and the liquid working substance that adapt with it.

Up to now, be the power electrical production of cost to consume mineral fuel, be the foothold all to seek high temperature heat source (exploitation of mineral fuel, production and raising high temperature heat source temperature).And power electrical production of the present invention is the foothold to seek low-temperature heat source (exploitation of low-temperature heat source, production, storage) then.Mineral fuel although present on earth resource is also very abundant, are not inexhaustible, nexhaustible.One day, it can move towards exhausted because of the mankind exploit incessantly in a large number.The appearance of energy crisis has reflected the exhausted trend of mineral fuel (resources) from several angle.Therefore, widespread of the present invention and popularization might be found a new way for the final merit gram of mankind energy crisis.But also because it does not need combustion fuel, gas working medium is totally-enclosed circulation, and liquid working substance also can be designed to totally-enclosed circulation and become a cleaning, free of contamination power power production process.

Eight, the prospect technology

Fig. 4 is

Shape connecting vessels section image figure also is simultaneously

Shape cylinder connecting vessels section image figure.

(1)

The shape connecting vessels and

The explanation of shape cylinder connecting vessels:

1,

Shape cylinder connecting vessels section image figure explanation is with Fig. 4 explanation.Difference is airtight spare space (15) is changed to huge cylinder (piston is not drawn).

2, Fig. 4 is single group

Shape (cylinder) connecting vessels section image figure when needing, can form one by a plurality of Fig. 4 on same horizontal plane

Shape (cylinder) connecting vessels engineering, each airtight spare space can establish passage and sealed door connects mutually, in order to continuous, circulation utilization.If the tensile properties of material, equipment allows, and is single

The capacity of the airtight spare space of shape (cylinder) connecting vessels (15) also can design as required.When

The shape connecting vessels is used as

During shape cylinder connecting vessels, only need that the liquid of Fig. 4, gas are added mouthful (18) and change to the gas working medium conduit, and defer to the universal design art designs and get final product.Under the equipment vertical height allows prerequisite, h6(end) can design on the arbitrfary point of≤h0.

3, the performance of airtight spare space is identical with the performance of huge cylinder.When needing, can select no piston technology, sheet shape, gas bag shape, hood-shaped piston technology for use.When adopting hood-shaped piston technology, defer to hood-shaped plunger designs technology; The design-build of cylinder (airtight spare space) will match with it; In the formula-17, the value of d should be d 〉=dtm ÷ 100Y(dtm: atmospheric pressure gram/cm ²Y:1 liquid working substance proportion gram/Cm ³).When adopting no piston, sheet shape, gas bag shape, hood-shaped piston technology, must follow specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium.

(2)

The shape connecting vessels and

Shape cylinder connecting vessels performance

1,

The same technical basis of shape connecting vessels performance (11).It can provide new ways and means for the enforcement and the progress of the relevant science and technology of the relative low temperature space that is lower than ambient temperature that exists in demand relatively low pressure space, relative vacuum space, the finite time.

2, be used as During shape cylinder connecting vessels, when reducing (being provided with h0 below) drainage point h6 successively, can make the saturated vapour of saturated vapor pressure≤normal pressure in the cylinder or P ' continue adiabatic expansion and do work; If cylinder (airtight spare space) capacity of h0 top allows, heat-insulating property allows, so, the acting of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion can level off to zero until saturated vapour pressure.

3, be used as

During shape cylinder connecting vessels, when reducing (being provided with below the h0) drainage point h6 successively, liquid (under the normal pressure) boiling temperature is reduced successively, make liquid boiling vaporization under the condition that is lower than (under the normal pressure) boiling temperature, obtain saturated vapour and energy.

(3) when being provided with column or assembly type column in huge cylinder of big capacity or the airtight spare space, adopt hood-shaped piston technology to need hood-shaped piston change is designed to the hood-shaped piston of assembly type; The hood-shaped piston of assembly type is based on hood-shaped piston, with the corresponding piston area of column under, set up corresponding with the column cylinder, and the metal sleeve that adapts, metal sleeve communicates with piston area, and the top and the piston area of sleeve fuse, and tie point satisfies seal request; Be provided with liquid working substance annular storage bin, circular groove and the outer barricade of annular around the column No. 1, metal sleeve is corresponding identical with design method with relevant with the hood-shaped piston designing technique with design method of designing technique of annular storage bin, circular groove, the outer barricade of annular.

The top of huge cylinder or airtight spare space can be according to the design of different purposes, and is identical with the design of traditional or huge cylinder when being used as cylinder, and when being used as airtight spare space, the top change is designed to that a liquid, gas add mouthful and switch; The liquid working substance conduit down is provided with from h0, and the liquid working substance conduit turns one 180 degree below drainage point h6 curved, makes the mouth of pipe up, as non-sealed end; Drainage point h6 can establish numerous, but practical data need determine, drainage point just be on the non-sealed end mouth of pipe horizontal plane have a few; The turn round absolute altitude at starting point place of liquid working substance switch in the liquid working substance conduit, its designed elevation and conduit is identical; H1～h6(1～end) design: h1＞h0＞h6(1)＞h6(2) ...＞h6(end), h1: piston lift design peak or cylinder, airtight spare space crown level, h0: the liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude in journey design minimum point or cylinder, the airtight spare space falls in piston, h6(1)～the h6(end): each drainage point absolute altitude that the h0 next coming in order reduce, h1～h6(1～end) specific design defer to the corresponding design of universal design technology.

Nine, supplementary notes

(1)

Shape cylinder connecting vessels

End at U-shaped connecting vessels liquid working substance conduit is set up cylinder, piston, liquid working substance conduit and cylinder bottom connection, and communicate with cylinder.

On the gas working medium conduit, equipment is with outlet pipe (7) and (air inlet, give vent to anger, exhaust) three gas working medium switches.

On liquid working substance conduit absolute altitude h1, establish a liquid working substance switch.

If traditional cylinder connecting vessels adopts no piston technology, specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium must all keep.

(2) residue potential energy gathers storage vault

H4(1～end) determine after, the design capacity of V " design-build at (1～end) is just by h4(1～end) and V " (1～end) determines; Residue potential energy gathers the storage vault bottom of the reservior, establishes more than one or " (1～end) number is identical, the corresponding liquid working substance down going channel in position and liquid working substance switch, with V with V

(1～end) is connected.

(3) liquid working substance selects for use

Pressure during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion is big more, the value of T limit is big more, should select heavy liquid working substance more.

(4) single drainage point technology

When adopting single drainage point technology, an engineering design-build list drainage point h6(1) required one-level equipment, all the other equipment at different levels are removed from.

(5) final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique

When adopting final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique, the final stage device of engineering is removed from.

(6) design of working medium switch

The design of working medium switch will adapt with it when setting up the working medium switching starter on the piston, on the gas working medium conduit or passage that the gas working medium switch are located at cylinder head

(7) the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more

Adopt the h0(end) during one-level raise-position designing technique, V ' (end-1) and V " end fuses, the design of relevant devices and h6(end-1) and h ' 4(end) adapt; V ' end and V " (end-1) fuses the design of relevant devices and h ' 6(end) and h4(end-1) adapt.

All equipment, design data and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with single cylinder list group engineering, and defer to the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change, relevant with it design data is deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

(8) the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more

The liquid working substance V ' (liters) that h ' (rise 6) discharges enters V ' 1, and V ' (liter) and V ' 1 fuse, the design of relevant devices and h ' (liter 6) and h6(1) adapt; H(former 6) the liquid working substance V ' (former) that discharges enter V " (liters), V ' (former) and V " (liter) fuses, and the design of relevant devices and h(former 6) and h ' (liter 4) adapt.

All equipment, design data and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering, and defer to the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change, relevant with it design data is deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

(9) engineering under the liquid

All equipment, design data and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering, and defer to the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change, relevant with it design data is deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation.

(10) same P ' high pressure engineering and different P ' high pressure engineering

V ' end and V " the last integrator of airtight pressurized gas space P ' of (end-1) top; V ' (end-1) and V " the last integrator of airtight pressurized gas space P ' of top, end.

" the airtight pressurized gas space P ' of top comprises water turbine water outlet ambient gas space P ' to V, and in P ', their pressurized gas pressure values equates generally speaking; " P ' difference of the same V ' top of P ' of top is come, V " above P ' can remember make P " for V.

" the airtight pressurized gas space P ' of top must be provided with V generally speaking.Because, equate that at pressure the resistance of gas is littler than the resistance of liquid under the condition for water turbine water outlet drained liquid working medium." P ' of top can not establish yet if do not remove to consider this factor, V.

In same P ' high pressure or the design of different P ' high pressure engineering, " P ' of top can not establish, and the gas space part that refers among the airtight pressurized gas space P ' can not established, but the liquid working substance space in the airtight high-pressure space must keep for all V of mentioning ' top or V.

(11) formula-50

The potential energy calculating formula same formula-50 that each respective stages is produced in the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion process, but the last item in the formula-50, promptly * (Q1 ÷ Q2) cast out, P1 changes to P(2～end), V1 changes to V ' (2～end), W and changes to W(2～end), the potential energy total amount that systems engineering is produced equals W and W(2～end) summation.

Engineering synchronously liquefies (12)

(1) Figure 19 is the single engineering section image figure that organizes of liquefaction synchronously.

The single engineering of organizing of liquefaction synchronously, with

Shape cylinder connecting vessels is the basis, is

The expansion and the extension of shape cylinder connecting vessels.

The liquefaction engineering according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane the single group of a plurality of synchronous liquefaction engineering synchronously.

Figure 19 explanation: ram (1).Intermediary's cylinder and piston thereof (2).Liquefaction pressurized cylinder and piston (3) thereof.Potential energy is produced cylinder and piston (4) thereof.Many piston in combination are cross-arm (6) fixedly.Working medium switch (5).Liquid pressure transmission conduit (7).Feed liquor conduit (8).Draining pipe (9).

On the shape cylinder connecting vessels acting end, pacify an airtight traditional piston, as intermediary's piston (2): Cylinder in the shape cylinder connecting vessels is as ram (1); Establish fixedly cross-arm (6) of piston in combination more than on the top of intermediary's piston; And it is continuous closely with intermediary's piston; Many piston in combination fixedly cross-arm above, be mid point with intermediary's piston, be symmetrical arranged gas working medium liquefaction pressurizing piston (3); With the liquefaction pressurizing piston is mid point, and at the fixing two ends above the cross-arm of many piston in combination, symmetry is respectively established a potential energy and produced piston (4) (situation allows or when needing, potential energy production piston and the cylinder that matches with it can be established more than 1 or two); Many piston in combination are three pistons of cross-arm top fixedly, be traditional piston, and fixedly cross-arm are continuous closely with many piston in combination; Three pistons top is horizontally disposed with three traditional cylinders, and promptly gas working medium liquefaction pressurized cylinder (3) and two potential energy production cylinders (4) match with it; Intermediary's piston, many piston in combination be cross-arm, gas working medium liquefaction pressurizing piston, two cylinders that potential energy is produced piston and matched with each piston fixedly, form The shape piston system; On the gas working medium liquefaction pressurized cylinder, establish liquid pressure transmission conduit (7); Two potential energy are produced on the cylinders, establish draining pipe (8) that the liquid working substance storage vault (drawing among Figure 19) that is provided with down with the water turbine water outlet links mutually and gather the draining pipe (9) that storage vault (drawing among Figure 19) links mutually with potential energy; On feed liquor conduit and the draining pipe, respectively establish (oppositely) liquid working substance (interior) switch; Form the single group of liquefaction engineering A half group system synchronously by said structure and equipment; The single group of liquefaction engineering is made up of A half group system and B half group system synchronously, and the structure of B half group system is identical with the structure and the equipment of A half group system with equipment, and symmetrical with A half group system, is arranged on the same horizontal plane; The liquid pressure transmission conduit (7) that A is half group is connected with the liquid pressure transmission conduit (7) of half group of B; The draining pipe (9) that half group of A and B are half group, the top in working medium switch (5) can merge and is designed to an integral body; During engineering operation, half group of A's

Half group of shape piston and B's

The shape piston is reversing motion; For the ease of understanding the single group of liquefaction engineering synchronously, half group of half group of A among Figure 19 and B on the whole intuitively

The shape piston system with

If the shape symmetric arrays from the plane, is

The shape symmetric arrays; But when systems engineering designs, can not get this spread pattern, change and be taken as the plane The shape symmetric arrays; On ram (1), need establish a liquid working substance and add mouthful (not drawing among Figure 19); A liquid gas working medium separator be connected with condenser with conduit (among Figure 19 draw) can be established in below in ram (1) when needing; Air tight when if the precision height of intermediary's cylinder and piston thereof, gas working medium do work under the P1 condition, gas working medium countercylinder piston non-corrosiveness, so, ram (1) can not established yet, and intermediary's cylinder (2) directly as ram; On pressure transmission conduit (7), establish an accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid and add mouthful (not drawing among Figure 19); Drainage point, potential energy gathers storage vault, water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance that water turbine and potential energy gathers storage vault all draws in Figure 19; The liquefaction engineering belongs to same P ' normal pressure engineering synchronously, and main feature is to have increased

The shape piston system and Shape piston technology is removed residue potential energy system and residue potential energy technology from.

(2) design of h0～h6

H0=± 0.00, the piston bottom plane absolute altitude when h0 falls the journey minimum point for intermediary's piston.

H1: plane absolute altitude on intermediary's cylinder, determine by intermediary's cylinder design height.

H4=h1+ intermediary depth pistion+many piston in combination are fixing horizontal

Load height-d formula-51

H4: liquefaction pressurized cylinder and potential energy are produced cylinder bottom plane absolute altitude (m); D: in the piston running, cylinder contains piston technology the most in short-term and allows length.The height of the height of intermediary's cylinder and piston thereof=liquefaction pressurized cylinder and piston thereof=potential energy is produced the height of cylinder and piston thereof.

H5=h4+d+ potential energy is produced cylinder height+d '

Formula-52

H5: water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m): h4 and d in h4 and the d same formula-51; D ': technology amount, 5＞d '＞0 generally speaking.

H6=(P1-P '-P lotus-(P end * 101%-

P '-P lotus)) * 1000 * S1 ÷ ((S3+

S4) * Y * 100)+the h4+d-h consumption

=(P1-P end * 101%) * 1000 *

S1÷〔（S3+S4）×Y×100〕

+ h4+d-h consumes formula-53

H6: the drainage point absolute altitude (m) on the draining pipe, drainage point should leave can be for the lifting leeway according to the sentiment control.P1: the pressure (gram/cm during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion ²); P ': the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of intermediary's cylinder top gas space ²); P lotus (gram/cm ²)=

Shape piston weight (gram) the ÷ piston cross sectional area (cm of intermediary ²); P end: the pressure (gram/cm during saturated vapour liquefaction reduction ²); S1: the piston cross sectional area (cm of intermediary ²), S1=S2, S2 is liquefaction pressurizing piston cross sectional area; S3: the potential energy on the liquefaction pressurizing piston left side is produced piston cross sectional area (cm ²), S3=S4; S4: the potential energy on liquefaction pressurizing piston the right is produced piston cross sectional area (cm ²), S4=S3; Y: the liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm that the water turbine water outlet is discharged ³); H4 and d in h4 and the d same formula-51; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage, h consumption＞0; Following negative back pressure (fluid column) pressure of h4 is ignored, and all pistons are all ignored with the surface friction drag of cylinder in the acting process.

The key property of the engineering that from formula-53, can be liquefied synchronously and synchronous liquefaction technology, promptly when P1, P end, S1, Y, h4, d, one timing of h consumption, the value of h6 and the value of S3+S4 are inversely proportional to; Value one timing as (P1-P end * 101%) * 1000 * S1, no matter its value is greatly or little, all can be by the value that increases or dwindle S3+S4, the cross sectional area (potential energy is produced the number of piston) that promptly increases or dwindle (increase or reduce) potential energy production piston reduces or improves the vertical height of systems engineering to greatest extent, and h6 is located on the needed height of people; H6 when it can also do work the different saturated vapour of pressure simultaneously is located on the same horizontal plane, and temperature difference limit value T limit is dropped to bottom line; But no matter be to increase or the value of dwindling S3+S4, the potential energy that systems engineering is produced is constant.

(3) design of the accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid use amount in liquefaction pressurized cylinder and the liquid pressure transmission conduit

V＝V1+V2+V3-V2＝V1+V3

Formula-54

V: single group engineering accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid use amount (m ³); Displacement volume (the m of half group of liquefaction of V1:A pressurized cylinder ³), V1=V2; Displacement volume (the m of half group of liquefaction of V2:B pressurized cylinder ³), V2=V1; V3: except that V1, V2, the liquid working substance capacity (m of liquid pressure transmission conduit ³).

(4) water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time≤drainage point h6 unit time liquid working substance amount of discharging.

(5) potential energy gathers storage vault, the water turbine water outlet descends the capacity of the liquid working substance storage vault of setting to design as required; The universal design technology is deferred in the design of the ram in the cylinder connecting vessels, vaporizer, condenser and systems engineering throughput.

By the synchronous liquefaction engineerings that the single group of a plurality of synchronous liquefaction engineerings are formed, potential energy gather storage vault, water turbine water outlet down setting liquid working substance storage vault, water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, condenser that water turbine and potential energy gathers storage vault and should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

Foregoing synchronous liquefaction engineering and synchronous liquefaction technology, can only gather and store the energy that discharges when utilizing the gas working medium isothermal expansion, store the energy that discharges when utilizing the gas working medium adiabatic expansion if think to gather simultaneously, must follow synchronous liquefaction engineering and the corresponding design of key property of liquefaction technology synchronously according to the respective value under saturated vapour T, P, the V corresponding relation.Liquefaction technology can be used to design engineering under the liquid synchronously.

Ten, leader

(1) (

) shape (cylinder) connecting vessels and Shape (cylinder) connecting vessels technology is the core of potential energy production technology.

(2) binary working medium is

The specific support media of shape (cylinder) connecting vessels performance.

(3), the specific selection technology of binary working medium makes the possibility that creates of huge cylinder, and scientific basis is provided.

(4) the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium and biliquid working medium can reduce the use amount of No. 1 liquid working substance, can extensively adopt ABUNDANT NATUREAL RESOURSES, enormous amount, and No. 2 liquid working substances that are easy to obtain substituting and replenishing as No. 1 liquid working substance insufficient section.Liquid metal under mercury and the normal temperature is optimal No. 1 liquid working substance.

(5) huge cylinder and performance thereof are the expansion and the extension of traditional cylinder and performance thereof.( Shape) huge cylinder connecting vessels can gather the whole energy that discharge when storing saturated vapour isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion acting, levels off to zero until saturated vapour pressure.

(6) traditional piston is applicable to traditional cylinder, and the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from.

(7) gas bag shape piston is applicable to huge cylinder, and the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from.

(8) no piston technology is applicable to huge cylinder, but must adopt the specific selection technology of binary working medium.

(9) sheet shape piston technology is applicable to huge cylinder, can reduce the direct contact surface of binary working medium to greatest extent, can set up the working medium switching starter, but must adopt the specific selection technology of binary working medium.

(10) hood-shaped piston technology is applicable to huge cylinder, can reduce the direct contact surface of binary working medium to greatest extent, can set up the working medium switching starter, No. 1 liquid working substance proportion is during greater than No. 2 liquid working substance proportions, the use amount of No. 1 liquid working substance can be reduced to greatest extent, but the specific selection technology of binary working medium must be adopted.

(11) heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology can reduce the liquid working substance use amount No. 1, available it serve as liquid working substance and isolate aseptic technic.

(12) remain the potential energy technology, and reducing for the liquefaction of gas working medium provides alternative mechanical energy.

(13) universal design technology, for the design of serial system engineering, build conventional method and basic data be provided.

(14) single cylinder is organized engineering, multi-cylinder coordination more and is organized that engineering, multi-cylinder dystopy are organized engineering under engineering, the liquid, the engineering that liquefies all belongs to same P ' normal pressure engineering synchronously more more, the totally-enclosed circulation of gas working medium, all have the stored energy of gathering, and then produce the performance of power electric power.Design, construction that they can be the systems engineering under different geographical conditions, the different thermal resource situation provide the choice.

(1) single cylinder is organized engineering more, and the use amount of cylinder is less.

(2) the multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more, and the use amount of cylinder is more.

(3) the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more, except that with (2), adopts the potential energy secondary to gather storing technology, and drainage point h(is risen 6) design with h6(1) with high same horizontal plane on, make the systems engineering water turbine design, build that only reduce to need one group.

(4) engineering under the liquid, design-build except that with (2), can be selected for use during the design-build systems engineering for the development and use thermal gradient energy of sea water under liquid or under water.

(5) engineering that liquefies synchronously, except that with (1) or (2), the use amount of traditional cylinder and piston is big, can improve or reduce the vertical height of systems engineering design-build to greatest extent, drainage point h6 is located on the needed height of people, drainage point h6 when the different saturated vapour of pressure is done work simultaneously is located on the same horizontal plane, temperature difference limit value T limit is dropped to bottom line, can improve gas working medium (vaporization-liquefaction reduction-vaporization) speed of circulation, and then improve the motion speed of systems engineering, can be used for the design-build of engineering under the liquid.

(15) same P ' high pressure engineering and different P ' high pressure engineering, gas working medium and liquid working substance are totally-enclosed circulation, only has the performance of gathering energy, the performance that does not have stored energy, can reduce or reduce to greatest extent the vertical height of systems engineering design-build, can be located at drainage point h6 on the same horizontal plane.

(16) conveyance system for utilizing the energy that the steam state semi-finished product before the liquid form product are had in the industrial production, provides new technology.

(17) ice storage energy storage, adopting that ice gets can technology, makes full use of nature climate law and temperature condition, and thermo electric generating technique for general application is introduced darker level.

(18)

Shape cylinder connecting vessels, except that with (one), the enforcement and the progress of the relevant science and technology of low temperature space provide new ways and means relatively to can be (being lower than ambient temperature) that exists in demand relatively low pressure (being lower than normal pressure) space, relative vacuum space, the finite time.

(19) in a broad sense, thermo electric generating technique for general application also can be referred to as pervasive thermal gradient energy and utilize technology.

The application documents explanation

The application documents explanation comprises specification, specification digest and claims.

Thermo electric generating technique for general application might be related to national great economy interests.For national interests are not suffered a loss, inventor's invention, creation practice are under situation about maintaining complete secrecy, and utilize carry out free time, have used whole two ten years altogether.

The present invention relates to national economy key areas-production of energy and power electrical production, and will promote and accelerate the conversion of energy resource structure.But technical difficulty is little, once open, no matter is at home or abroad, uses and promote all being easy to.Therefore, the inventor holds prudent especially attitude to conservative technology secret, adheres to all the time, allows without country, does not reveal the technology of the present invention secret to any stranger.Over 20 years, the inventor overcomes difficulties under very difficult condition, carries out the innovation and creation practice, comprises typewriting, the printingtechnique of the study application documents of starting from scratch.Two parts of application documents of this that submit are that the inventor begins to do it yourself to learn to print from this year April now.

At present, constituent parts has not re-used the typewriter of high 0.3cm of word or 0.4cm basically, and the typewriter that the inventor is used is to borrow unit to damage the no typewriter in back.Owing to lack word and typewriter defect, add inventor's printing technique reason etc., two parts of application documents of this that printed, though the inventor has use up oneself best endeavors, but the print quality requirement of knowing with application documents falls far short.As " cylinder " word of cylinder,, used radical " narrow-necked earthen jar " and " worker " of two words to break into because of lacking word; " young bird " word of blank, because of lacking word, have to be with hand-written; V ', V ", V

Symbol " ' " Deng word

", have to be because of there not being such symbol in the font with on hand-written; What defect was maximum is that many word writings are printed smudgyly.Therefore, for application documents, as file content, it is the innovation and creation achievement that the inventor reports and applies for a patent to motherland; As file itself, it almost can only play the file final proof, when needing, allows should print satisfactory application documents again under the prerequisite in pertinent regulations.

Structure and to write patent application document strongly professional, the professional knowledge of inventor's this respect understand very little, particularly the structure of claims and write then more difficult.In the file printout process,, must be replenished though through repeatedly proofreading, revise, when proofreading again after printing, find that again some content missed.So in specification and claims, all the content that needs are replenished is classified one separately as, be placed on last.Therefore, the structure of file and writing, it also must be very undesirable that the inventor knows.Necessarily have not writing that this writes, not the describing in detail of this detailed description, and having write of should not writing.These deficiencies can only allow to come perfect by inventor or entrusted agent under the prerequisite at national interests needs and Patent Law.

Over 20 years, inventor's innovation and creation practice once must be many supports and help: enthusiasm letter in reply and the indication that must be relevant department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in June, 1973; Obtain in January, 1974 Hebei province's mechanical investigations enthusiasm letter in reply encourage and theoretic indication help; The enthusiasm letter in reply and the indication of science and technology department of national energy portion must be in February, 1989; Successively must be the enthusiasm letter in reply and the guidance of a filing office of examination of State Patent Office in November, 1989 for twice, and the patent application document of mailing is with the letter write example.The present application documents of submitting of inventor are write example with reference to patent application document exactly, form behind structure and the modification original text repeatedly.We can say, just do not have the formation of the present application documents of submitting of inventor if the patent application document that does not have filing office of examination of State Patent Office to mail is write example.The letter in reply of above-mentioned unit, some is the enthusiasm letter in reply that the inventor obtains when writing letter directly for this unit; Some is that the inventor gives party and country ' s leader office, party and state leaders write letter report and when requesting help, after units concerned are given to above-mentioned unit to inventor's letter, and the enthusiasm letter in reply that the inventor obtains.Staff in above unit and the above unit, they have a boundless sense of responsibility to work and appoint, and to comrade, to the extreme enthusiasm of the people, having nothing to be ashamed of is the contact people's of Party and government bridge.The inventor takes this opportunity to represent the most exanimo to thank to them!

Claims (43)

1, thermo electric generating technique for general application belongs to thermal gradient energy development and use power Technology of Electrical Power Generation; Present technique is intended to generally develop the thermal gradient energy in the renewable sources of energy, control, utilize in the physical environment between the ubiquitous low temperature difference fluid to greatest extent and spontaneous thermal equilibrium process of carrying out between the low temperature difference ring border, become spontaneous right equilibrium process and be the controlled energy transfer process, production has the power electric power of industrial value, and for enforcement and the progress about science and technology provides new ways and means, feature of the present invention is

Shape cylinder connecting vessels and potential energy production technology, heat energy-potential energy-mechanical energy-electric energy switch technology, residue potential energy gather storage vault and residue potential energy technology, serial system engineering universal design technology, serial system engineering and serial system engineering, ice storage energy storage and adopt ice get can technology,

Shape cylinder connecting vessels and prospect technology.

2, according to claim 1

Shape cylinder connecting vessels, an end that it is characterized in that U-shaped connecting vessels liquid working substance conduit (6) is set up cylinder, piston, and the liquid working substance conduit is connected with the cylinder bottom, and communicates with cylinder (1), the other end upwards (not necessarily vertical) increase to drainage point absolute altitude h6 needed height, as the acting end; On liquid working substance conduit absolute altitude h1, establish a liquid working substance switch (5); When needing, liquid working substance conduit absolute altitude h2～(＞h3,＜h4) on the section, establish heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse V (1～end); Absolute altitude＞h3,＜the h4 section on, the number of up conduit of branch's liquid working substance (6) and liquid working substance switch (5) is increased to and drainage point h6(1)～the h6(end) number identical, the top height of the up conduit of each liquid working substance and each drainage point absolute altitude h6(1)～the h6(end) corresponding to high; Drainage point h6 can establish one, also can establish numerously, but practical data need be determined; At drainage point h6(1)～the h6(end) under, establish liquid working substance potential energy and gather storage vault V ' 1～V ' end; On the cylinder, establish cylinder wall and the cylinder head point (2) that is connected; When needing, can set up working medium switching starter (4) on the piston; On gas working medium conduit (6), equipment is with outlet pipe (7) and (air inlet, give vent to anger, exhaust) three gas working medium switches (5); Absolute altitude h0, h1, h2, h3, h6(1)～the h6(end), h7, h consumption, h ' consumption 1～h ' consumption end, apacity V(1～end), each drainage point h6 liquid working substance amount V ' 1～V ' end, each corresponding potential energy of discharging gathers storage vault displacement volume V ' 1～V ' end, heterogeneous liquid working substance exchanges storehouse V The design and the formula of (1～end) displacement volume:

H0=± 0.00, h0: journey design minimum point absolute altitude (m) falls in piston;

H1＞h0, h1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m), determine by the design height of cylinder;

H2＞h1, h2:1 liquid working substance fluid column minimum point horizontal plane absolute altitude (m) is by No. 1 liquid working substance stock number decision;

H3＞h2, h3:1 liquid working substance fluid column peak horizontal plane absolute altitude (m) is by No. 1 liquid working substance stock number and V

The horizontal cross of the h2 at (1～end)～h3 section, vertical vertical capacity decision (h4(1～end)＞h6(end)＞h3＞h2＞h0 or h0＞h3＞h2);

H6(1)=h7-h consumption=(P1-P ') ÷ 100Y

-h consumes formula-13

H6(1): first drainage point absolute altitude (m) of acting end; H7=(P1-P ') ÷ 100Y(m); The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage; P1: the pressure (gram/cm during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion ²); Gas pressure intensity (gram/the cm of P ': the h6 top gas space ²); Y: the liquid specific gravity (gram/cm of fluid column ³); (after by formula being listed as formula, unit every in the formula is all cast out, write the unit that is asked again after obtaining the result; Down together)

The h6(end)=(P end-P ') ÷ 100Y-h consumes

Formula-14

The h6(end): the designed elevation (m) of last drainage point of acting end; The P end: adiabatic expansion is to the saturated vapour pressure (gram/cm of design during terminal point ²); P ', Y, h consumption: the P ' in the same formula-13, Y, h consumption;

H6(2)=h6(1)-h ' consumption 1

H6(3)=h6(2)-h ' consumption 2

H6(4)=h6(3)-h ' consumption 3

By that analogy to the h6(end) formula-15

H6(2)～and the h6(end): except that first drainage point, the corresponding absolute altitude (m) of all the other each drainage points, (h6(1)-h6(end))=h ' consumption 1+h ' consumption 2+h ' consumption 3+ ... h ' consumption end; H ' consumption (1～end): the differential loss (m) of each respective stages, (h ' consumption (1～end)＞h consumption＞0)

V(1～end)=V ' 1+V ' 2+V ' 3+ ... V ' end

Formula-16

V1: be saturated vapour isothermal expansion volume or title isothermal expansion amount generally speaking, V1=V ' 1; V ' 1～V ' end: each drainage point h6(1～end of acting end) the liquid working substance volume of discharging;

V ' (1～end)=V (1～end)=V(1～end) heterogeneous liquid working substance exchanges the design in storehouse:

H2, h3 can be provided with on 〉=h0, also can be in＜last the setting of h0; When being provided with on＜h0, h2 is h(-2), h3 is h(-3), h(-3)＞h(-2), the lower end mouth of pipe of liquid working substance conduit is located at the bottom of leading matter liquid working substance exchange storehouse, No. 1 liquid working substance proportion＜No. 2 liquid working substance proportion, V

The design capacity of the design capacity＞cylinder at (1～end); When isolating aseptic technic with No. 1 double liquid working substance of doing in the cylinder of liquid working substance, the design capacity＞displacement volume of cylinder, V

The design capacity of the design capacity＞cylinder at (1～end), the design capacity of No. 1 liquid working substance use amount＞cylinder,＜V

The design capacity at (1～end);

Shape cylinder connecting vessels comprises traditional cylinder connecting vessels and huge cylinder connecting vessels.

3, traditional cylinder connecting vessels according to claim 2 and huge cylinder connecting vessels is characterized in that traditional cylinder and huge cylinder.

4, traditional cylinder according to claim 3, its cylinder is identical with the steam-cylinder piston of steamer with piston, it is characterized in that not establishing on the piston connecting rod; Can on piston, set up the working medium switching starter when needing; Gas working medium and liquid working substance do not have direct contact surface, and the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from; When adopting biliquid working medium, the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium (2), (3), (5) keep, the liquid working substance proportion that the liquid working substance that resource is few is Duoed than important＞resource, and all the other are removed from; When adopting no piston technology, do not establish piston in the cylinder, specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium all keep; When adopting sheet shape piston, specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium all keep.

5, huge cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that the tensile breaking strength of cylinder allows under the prerequisite, and the cylindrical cross-section radius and the length of cylinder can manufacture and design on demand, and is unrestricted; The cylindrical form of cylinder is not limited by cylindrical shape, can be designed and manufactured into square tubular, rectangular tubular or polygon tubular on demand; The piston that matches with huge cylinder can adopt no piston technology, sheet shape piston technology, gas bag shape piston technology and hood-shaped piston technology.

6, according to claim 4 and 5 described no piston technology, it is characterized in that not establishing in the cylinder piston, but satisfying the specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium is a prerequisite, and around the cylinder and the liquid working substance temperature in the cylinder will 〉=temperature during saturated vapour isothermal expansion in the cylinder.

7, according to claim 4 and 5 described shape piston technology, it is two-layer to it is characterized in that piston divides, and the upper strata is the heat insulation layer that thermoinsulation material is made, and lower floor is the metal layer that metallic material is made; Can on piston, set up the working medium switching starter when needing; The plane shape of piston is identical with the cylindrical cross section shape of huge cylinder; Piston wall is with leaving the space between the cylinder wall, space 〉=0.2cm gets final product generally speaking, reduces gas working medium and liquid working substance direct contact surface to greatest extent; Can set up the gas storage storehouse at (under the lower plane) on the plane on the piston, make the liquid working substance proportion in the weight+piston volume＜cylinder of piston, piston floats on the liquid level of liquid working substance in cylinder all the time.

8, gas bag shape piston technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that piston is with anti-folding, tension, impermeable, pliable and tough, made that heat-insulating property is good; Be similar to big gas bag; Gas bag natural volume after normal pressure is inflated down and shape are with the volume and the appearance shape of cylinder; The upper end of gas bag joins with the gas working medium conduit and communicates; Gas working medium and liquid working substance do not have direct contact surface, the specific selection technology of binary working medium is removed from, when adopting biliquid working medium, (2), (3) in the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium, (5) keep, the liquid working substance proportion that the liquid working substance that resource is few is Duoed than important＞resource, all the other are removed from.

9, hood-shaped piston technology according to claim 5, it is characterized in that with huge cylinder that hood-shaped piston matches in establish barricade in No. 1 liquid working substance circular groove, annular storage bin (annular storage bin is located at annular accumulator tank top, and is connected with annular accumulator tank), the annular; Flat drum of hood-shaped piston likeness in form, left-hand thread is in No. 1 liquid working substance groove; The piston area shape is identical with cylinder tubular shape of cross section; Piston area divides two-layer, and the upper strata is a heat insulation layer, and lower floor is a metal layer; Hood-shaped piston wall likeness in form bucket wall is made with metallic material; The outer wall of barricade respectively leaves the space in the inwall of the outer wall of hood-shaped piston area and piston wall shape and the inwall of cylinder wall, piston wall and the annular, and generally speaking, space 〉=0.2cm gets final product; Establish No. 2 liquid working substances on the piston area and add mouth and switch, No. 2 liquid working substance adds mouth from the piston area break-through; Can set up the working medium switching starter on the piston area when needing; On the lower plane of piston area and cylinder head, establish piston and promote detachment system; Establish service ports on the cylinder head; Can set up the gas storage storehouse at (under the lower plane) on the plane on the piston, make the liquid working substance proportion in the weight+piston volume＜cylinder of hood-shaped piston, piston floats in cylinder all the time on the liquid level of liquid working substance; The design of depth pistion and formula:

Depth pistion is to fall journey to design minimum point h(-3 at the bottom of the piston wall wall) time quiescent value be object, be again circular groove bottom land absolute altitude (h(-3)=0 simultaneously h(-3)).

h0＝（h1-h0）+〔h0-h（-1）〕+〔h（-1）-h（-2）〕+d+d′

=(h1-h0)+(h0-h(-1))+(h(-1)-h(-2))+h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1+d '

Formula-17

H0: the total height (m) that arrives piston area at the bottom of the hood-shaped piston wall wall; H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m); H(-1): No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane peak absolute altitude (m) in the annular storage bin; H(-2): No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude (m) in the annular storage bin; H ' consumption: differential loss (m), get the maximum value in h ' consumption 1～h ' consumption end; Y1:1 liquid working substance proportion (gram/cm ³); Y2:2 liquid working substance proportion (gram/cm ³); D=h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1(m), merchant's fractional part is only advanced not give up; D ': the technology amount (m) of super d, generally speaking, 1＞d '＞0 absolute altitude h(-3)～design sequence of h1:

Determine h1～h0 height, determine h0～h(-1) highly, determine h(-1)～h(-2) highly, ask d=h ' consumption * Y2 ÷ Y1 value, determine the value of d ', with the value of formula-17 calculating h0, after each numerical value is determined and tried to achieve, calculate the concrete numerical value of h1～h(-3) again;

Circular groove width design: circular groove width=piston wall thickness+space * 2; Annular storage bin capacity V1(m ³) design and formula:

V1＝S×〔h1+h（-1）-h0-h（-2）〕

Formula-18

V1: Duan capacity (m annular storage bin h(-2)～h(-1) ³); S: the cross sectional area (m of piston wall ²);

No. 1 liquid working substance use amount of single hood-shaped piston V(m ³) design and formula:

V＝V1+V2-V3＝V1+V2-S×h（-1）

Formula-19

V1=formula-18; V2: Duan capacity (m circular groove h(-2)～h(-3) ³); (the m of V3:=S * h(-1) ³); H(-1): the h(-1 in the same formula-17); S: the S in the same formula-18; The design of barricade in the annular: the height of barricade in the annular＞h(-1), and height at the bottom of＜piston lower plane or the storehouse, gas storage storehouse, thickness is determined according to need; Reduce gas working medium and liquid working substance direct contact surface to greatest extent; Reduce the liquid working substance use amount to greatest extent No. 1.

10, according to described equipment of claim 2～9 and technology, realize the specific support media of described equipment performance and technical performance, it is characterized in that binary working medium technology, promptly adopt gas working medium, liquid working substance, two kinds of working medium concur in cylinder connecting vessels system, do the specific support media of cylinder connecting vessels performance and transformation of energy, the specific selection technology of binary working medium, promptly by experiment, the gas working medium and the liquid working substance of individual condition that selection meets following (4) are formed binary working medium, make cylinder connecting vessels performance obtain to realize, make manufacturing and designing of huge cylinder obtain precondition and scientific basis, (4) individual condition: promptly (4) individual specific selectivity-

(1) gas working medium and liquid working substance temperature and the pressure when T1, P1(saturated vapour isothermal expansion, down together) under, when directly contacting in cylinder, destructive variation such as liquid working substance vaporization, the intensification of binary working medium, burning, blast does not take place;

(2) gas working medium and liquid working substance be under T1, P1, directly during contact, has good inertia in cylinder, do not dissolve mutually, infiltration, chemical combination, decomposition, makes the circulation of gas working medium when systems engineering moves become possibility;

(3) if gas working medium under T1, P1, a small amount of liquefaction occurs, the liquefy gas working medium when directly contacting with liquid working substance, so, the ratio of liquid gas working medium is important＜proportion of liquid working substance, and it is floated on liquid working substance, and have tangible interface;

(4) liquid working substance is at T(1～end), P(1～end) under, must be the liquid that do not have viscosity or viscosity very little (T end, P end are temperature and the pressure of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion during to the design terminal point);

Single liquid working substance technology, promptly under the requirement prerequisite when satisfying specific selection technology of binary working medium and systems engineering operation, the liquid working substance in the systems engineering only adopts a kind of liquid working substance; Biliquid working medium technology, promptly satisfy the liquid working substance of the specific selection technology of binary working medium, few in resource, in the time of can not satisfying systems engineering operation needs, adopt resourceful other liquid working substance to replenish its deficiency, when systems engineering moves, concur thereby constitute two kinds of liquid working substances; The specific selection technology of biliquid working medium, promptly in biliquid working medium technology, there is the liquid working substance of direct contact surface to be named as No. 1 liquid working substance with gas working medium and do not have direct contact surface as gas working medium, but there is the liquid working substance of direct contact surface to be named as liquid working substance No. 2 with No. 1 liquid working substance, by experiment, No. 1 liquid working substance and No. 2 liquid working substances of individual condition that selection meets following (5), form biliquid working medium, (5) individual condition: promptly (5) individual specific selectivity-

(1) at first satisfying the specific selectivity of binary working medium with No. 1 liquid working substance is prerequisite;

When (2) two kinds of liquid working substances are in contact with one another under T1, P1, do not vaporize, heat up, burn, the destructive variation such as blast;

When (3) two kinds of liquid working substances are in contact with one another under T1, P1, have good inertia, do not interpenetrate, dissolve or seldom interpenetrate, dissolve, adopt anti-folding, tension, impermeable, material that flexility is good, when doing separation layer in heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse, this can be removed from;

The proportion of (4) two kinds of liquid must not be identical, or the proportion of No. 1 liquid working substance＞No. 2 liquid working substance, as being No. 1 liquid working substance with mercury, with water is No. 2 liquid working substances, or the proportion of No. 1 liquid working substance＜No. 2 liquid working substance, as being No. 1 liquid working substance with the liquid fat class I liquid I, be No. 2 liquid working substances with water;

(5) two kinds of liquid working substances are at T(1～end), P(1～end) under, must be not have viscosity or the very little liquid of viscosity.Therefore, the liquid metal under the normal temperature is optimal No. 1 liquid working substance;

11, according to described equipment of claim 2～10 and technology, according to claim 1 Shape cylinder connecting vessels potential energy production technology is characterized in that the gas working medium conduit in the cylinder connecting vessels is full of the low-boiling point material saturated vapour, h0 liquid working substance conduit, passage, cylinder and V up and down All fill liquid working substance in (1～end), the working medium switch all becomes closed condition, piston is on the lift design peak h1, then, control gaseous working medium, the liquid working substance switch is according to need open and close successively, the isothermal expansion amount of control gaseous working medium in cylinder, and then reduce acting successively and hold drainage point h6(1)～the h6(end), saturated gas working medium is done isothermal expansion in cylinder, the energy that discharges in the adiabatic expansion process, support liquid working substance itself, accordingly ideal gather to be stored in P add-P ' (P add=P0) corresponding negative back pressure fluid column different heights drainage point h6(1)～h6(end) be provided with down, potential energy gathers in storage vault V ' 1～V ' end, and the thermal power transfer of saturated gas working medium is become liquid working substance potential energy; Gather energy stored (liquid working substance potential energy) in V ' 1～V ' end,, will not run off in time and change if liquid working substance mass loss and vertical height decline displacement loss do not take place.

12, heat energy-potential energy according to claim 1-mechanical energy-electric energy switch technology is characterized in that the cylinder connecting vessels becomes liquid working substance potential energy to the saturated vapour thermal power transfer, and water turbine becomes mechanical energy to the liquid working substance potential energy converting and energy; Design and formula with each drainage point h6 and corresponding each the water turbine water outlet absolute altitude h5 of each V ':

H5=h4+d ' formula-20

H5: water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m), generally speaking, h5(1)～the h5(end)=h5; H4=formula-21; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

Each water turbine, generator are provided with position and designed elevation and h5(1)～the h5(end) adapt; Link the descending conduit of liquid working substance of V ' and water turbine, be provided with in the required the best impact mode of liquid working substance acting, and above near water turbine, respectively establish a liquid working substance switch, be used for controlling the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet; Each drainage point h6(1 of the water-outlet quantity≤unit time of each water turbine water outlet of unit time)～and the h6(end) liquid working substance amount V ' 1～V ' end of discharging.

13, residue potential energy according to claim 1 gathers storage vault V ", it is characterized in that remaining potential energy and gather storage vault V " the liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude h4(1～end in (1～end)) design and formula (m):

H4=(P end * 101%-P ') ÷ 100Y+h1

Formula-21

(h4(1～end)＞h6(end)＞h3), generally speaking, h4(1～end)=h4(m); The P end: the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion is to the pressure (gram/cm of design during terminal point ²); P ': remain potential energy and the gather storage vault V " gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the horizontal plane top gas space ²); Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³); H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m);

When h4(1～end)=during h4, " (1～end) can merge design to V, fuses; H4(1～end) determine after, the design capacity of V " design-build at (1～end) is just by h4(1～end) and V " (1～end) determines; Residue potential energy gathers the storage vault bottom of the reservior, establishes more than one or " (1～end) number is identical, the corresponding liquid working substance down going channel in position and liquid working substance switch, with V with V

(1～end) is connected.

14, residue potential energy technology according to claim 1, " back is controlled because of the design that is subjected to absolute altitude h4, leaves residue potential energy to it is characterized in that entering V by the liquid working substance that the water turbine water outlet is discharged; Residue potential energy is made up of two aspects: the positive back pressure pressure P that the vertical positive back pressure fluid column between (1) absolute altitude h4～h0 is had in initial point just, P just+P '=P0(P ' is V " gas pressure intensity of the top gas space); P0 is an initial point pressure; initial point be in the h0 horizontal plane have a few; in cylinder; initial point be in the cylinder in the liquid working substance horizontal plane have a few P0＞P end, (2) V " in liquid working substance amount V " (1～end); When the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion equals the P end to pressure, or saturated vapour enters condenser and is cooled to pressure and drops to P when end, corresponding liquid working medium switch cuts out that (the air inlet switch in the cylinder cuts out, the switch open of giving vent to anger), liquid working substance among the V " under liquid working substance switch open, V " enters V through the liquid working substance passage

(1～end) is at V, and " under the positive acting in conjunction of liquid working substance amount in (1～end) and P, liquid working substance is through V

(1～end) and conduit return cylinder, promote piston simultaneously and rise, and the compression saturated vapour makes it enter condenser liquefaction.

15, serial system engineering universal design technology according to claim 1, with Shape cylinder connecting vessels, hydraulic turbine generator, residue potential energy gather storage vault V ", the single cylinder list group engineering formed of vaporizer, condenser is blank, based on described equipment of claim 2～14 and technology, it is characterized in that the definite of temperature difference limit value T limit; Selecting for use of gas working medium, liquid working substance; Engineering fixed point program and ground point selection; Project scale and throughput designing technique; The design of cylinder capacity; The progression designing technique; Drainage point absolute altitude h6(1 under saturated vapour T, P, the V corresponding relation)～the h6(end) and installed power V(1～end)～V

(1～end) corresponding designing technique; H0～h7 designing technique; Final stage working medium cyclic design technology; The designing technique of design capacity and designed elevation; Vaporizer, design of condenser technology; Working medium switch designs technology, the drawing materials of engineering equipment, make, adiabatic, heat preservation technology.

16, determining of temperature difference limit value T limit according to claim 15 is characterized in that the formula and the computer program of T limit:

T limit=T surpasses-T end+T ' 1+T ' 2

Formula-22

T limit: temperature difference limit value; T is super: the technology temperature at super T end (corresponding with the P superfacies); The T end: adiabatic expansion is to the saturated vapour temperature of design during terminal point; T ' 1: the temperature when the low-temperature heat source fluid leaves condenser deducts the temperature approach that its temperature when the source is tried to achieve; T ' 2: the temperature approach that the saturated vapour temperature when the high temperature heat source temperature deducts isothermal expansion in the cylinder is tried to achieve;

P surpasses=P end * 101%+(d+d '+h1+h consumption)

* Y ÷ 10 formula-23

P is super: the saturated vapour pressure (kilogram/cm that T is overtime ²), corresponding with the T superfacies; D=h6(1)-h5(1), i.e. water turbine design work head (m), h6(1)=formula-13, h5(1)=formula-20; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0; H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m); The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage; Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³); The P end: adiabatic expansion is to the saturated vapour pressure (kilogram/cm of design during terminal point ²);

Because it is super that the respective value of the overtime saturated vapour pressure of T P equals P, in like manner, with formula-23 try to achieve P super after, T is super just definite by the respective value of the overtime saturated vapour temperature T of P;

Temperature difference limit value T limit is closely related with saturated vapour temperature T, pressure P, liquid working substance proportion Y, different purposes and different types of systems engineering, in addition, except that P end * 101%, d ', h1, h consumption, T ' 1, T ' 2, the value of the big more T limit of the value of d is big more, the value of d is more little, and the value of T limit is more little; The temperature difference 〉=T between the high low-temperature heat source can be exploited, in limited time as the warm resource of height of the present invention.

17, selecting for use of gas working medium according to claim 15 is characterized in that the specific selection technology of binary working medium, engineering equipment tensile properties allow to satisfy, to be lower than the gas working medium critical temperature be prerequisite to low-temperature heat source temperature; Select for use boiling temperature low, saturated vapour pressure is powerful under the uniform temp, unit mass saturated vapour volume big, vaporization heat (heat of condensation) is little, does not have the very little material of viscosity or viscosity to do gas working medium when being in liquid state.

18, selecting for use of liquid working substance according to claim 15 is characterized in that satisfying the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium when adopting biliquid working medium is prerequisite to satisfy the specific selection technology of binary working medium; The liquid working substance freezing point temperature is necessary＜and T end (the T end is the temperature of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion when designing terminal point); Pressure during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion is big more, the value of T limit is big more, should select heavy liquid working substance more.

19, engineering fixed point program according to claim 15 and ground point selection, it is characterized in that at first investigating the warm resource situation of height that engineering is looked for district or place, closely interior relative height difference is big, can be for engineering construction geographical conditions of utilizing and the liquid working substance resource that can supply engineering utilization; Then the warm aboundresources of according to qualifications selected height, temperature stabilization, the temperature difference greatly, closely in physical geography condition relative height difference big (as the gradient greatly, highly big massif, available burrow, go up well-digging down or along slope laying liquid working substance conduit, utilize massif to establish V ', V ", V Method, the design-build systems engineering), the resourceful area of liquid working substance or place, area or the place built as systems engineering.

20, project scale according to claim 15 and throughput designing technique is characterized in that at first trying to achieve the heat absorbing property of unit time low-temperature heat source in condenser:

If the temperature of low-temperature heat source when the source is T0; Beginning temperature when entering condenser is T1, and specific heat is d card/gram; Temperature eventually when leaving condenser is T2, and specific heat is b card/gram; The cryogenic flow scale of construction that the unit time low-temperature heat source provides is the C Grams Per Second; The heat that the cryogenic flow scale of construction that the unit time low-temperature heat source provides is absorbed when T1 rises to T2 is Q; Environment heat conduction is ignored to the intensification influence of cryogen in the condenser, so:

Q=(b card/gram-d card/gram) * the C Grams Per Second

=(b-d) * the C card/second formula-24

（T2＞T1＞T0）

The second, the heat of condensation of emitting when unit of account time gas working medium liquefies reduction in condenser:

If entering the gas working medium temperature (T end) of condenser to the design terminal point, adiabatic expansion is T3; The unit gas working medium reduction heat of condensation of emitting that liquefies when T3 is D card/gram; The gas working medium that unit time enters condenser is the E Grams Per Second; The gas working medium that unit time the enters condenser heat of condensation that reduction emits that liquefies when T3 is Q '; In condenser, continue cooling institute liberated heat behind the liquid gas working medium T3 and ignore, so:

Q '=D card/gram * E Grams Per Second=DE card/second formula-25

（T3＞T2＞T1＞T0）

The 3rd, calculate low-temperature heat source unit time absorption gas working medium heat of condensation permitted value:

Because saturated vapour liquefaction reduction is the necessary condition of gas working medium circulation and systems engineering operation, so:

Q 〉=Q ' formula-26

Because Q 〉=Q ' decision low-temperature heat source unit time absorbs heat of condensation permitted value, so:

(b-d) C card/second 〉=DE card/second formula-27

（T3＞T2＞T1＞T0）

The 4th, the basic data of computational engineering design-build scale:

The value of E is the gas working medium amount permitted value that enters condenser the unit time, try to achieve DE card/after second with formula-27, the value of E just can therefrom obtain, and the basic data that engineering design is built is just definite by high low-temperature heat source temperature, gas working medium E Grams Per Second thermal properties T, P, V respective value, liquid working substance proportion Y and the P ' under the saturation state when this temperature;

The 5th, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption (1～end):

Generally speaking, the value of h consumption is determined according to need, h ' consumption (1～end) 〉=h consumption＞0;

In overall efficiency, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption is big more, and overall efficiency is more little, but at project scale, i.e. the several timings of engineering group, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption (1～end) should increase with the increase of Q and Q '; When a Q and a Q ' timing, the value of h consumption and h ' consumption (1～end) should reduce with the increase (being increasing of engineering group number) of project scale;

The 6th, computational engineering throughput:

W=(h6-h5) * V ' * Y * d formula-28

W: single water turbine throughput (kilogram m/ second);

H6: corresponding drainage point absolute altitude (m); H5: corresponding water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m); V ': the liquid working substance amount Cm that corresponding drainage point h6 discharges ³/ second; Y: liquid working substance proportion kilogram/Cm ³; D: water turbine power;

W is total=W1+W2+W3 ... + W end formula-29

W is total: engineering throughput kilogram m/ second; W1, W2, W3 ... W end: each water turbine throughput kilogram m/ second.

21, the design of cylinder capacity according to claim 15 is characterized in that cylinder capacity can also can unify the standard type that the capacity of being designed to does not wait according to systems engineering needs designs, selects for use according to need or regulates and control use for systems engineering.

22, progression designing technique according to claim 15 is characterized in that the equal difference designing technique:

B=(h6(1)-h6(end)) ÷ h ' consumption+1

Formula-30

B: acting end drainage point number, be called for short progression; H6(1)=formula-13(m); The h6(end)=formula-14(m); H ' consumption: the differential height of equal difference at different levels (m); Non-equal difference designing technique:

The h7-h6(end)=h consumption+h ' consumption 1+h ' consumption 2 ... + h ' consumes the end

Formula-31

H7 in the h7 same formula-13; The h6(end)=formula-14; The h consumption=h7-h6(1); H ' consumption (1～end): the differential losses of non-equal difference at different levels (m); Progression is determined by the number of h consumption and h ' consumption;

Deng the body designing technique:

D=(V(1～end)-V ' 1) ÷ C+1 formula-32

D: acting end drainage point number, be called for short progression; V(1～end): the work total capacity (m of cylinder ³); V ' 1: saturated vapour isothermal expansion volume, the liquid working substance volume (m of first drainage point discharge of acting end just ³); C: the body volumes such as liquid working substance that each drainage point is discharged;

The non-body designing technique that waits:

V(1～end)=V ' 1+V ' 2+V ' 3 ... + V ' end

Formula-33

V(1～end): the displacement volume (m of cylinder ³); V ' 1～V ' end: the non-body volume (m that waits of the liquid working substance that each drainage point is discharged ³); Progression is determined by the number at V ' 1～V ' end;

Single drainage point technology, promptly the acting end is gone up drainage point h6 and is only established one:

When saturated vapour isothermal expansion piston dropped to the design minimum point, corresponding liquid working medium switch cut out, and the air inlet switch in the cylinder cuts out, and the switch open of giving vent to anger, saturated vapour enter condenser cooling, step-down, liquefaction; When saturated vapour pressure drops to the P end, V " the liquid working substance switch open under (1～end), liquid working substance returns cylinder under the effect of residue potential energy, promote piston simultaneously and rise; When the liquid working substance in the cylinder and piston rose to the design peak, the air cock that goes out in the cylinder was closed, air inlet switch open, circulation beginning; Single drainage point technology can only be gathered the energy that discharges when storing the saturated vapour isothermal expansion, and it is applicable under the temperature difference 〉=T limit prerequisite, the engineering that has a narrow range of temperature between the warm resource of height.

23, the drainage point absolute altitude h6(1 under saturated vapour T according to claim 15, P, the V corresponding relation)～the h6(end) and installed power V(1～end)～V (1～end) corresponding designing technique is characterized in that the corresponding designing technique under T, P, h, the V corresponding relation:

One-level: T1, P1, h6(1)+h consumption, V1, V ' 1, V " 1, V

1

Secondary: T2, P2, h6(2), V2, V ' 2, V " 2, V

2

Three grades: T3, P3, h6(3), V3, V ' 3, V " 3, V

3

……

Final stage: T end, P end, h6(end)+h consumption, V end, V ' end, V " end, V

The end

Formula-34

One-level～final stage: progression; T1～T end: the temperature of each corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process; P1～P end: the pressure of each corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process; H6(1)～and the h6(end): each drainage point absolute altitude of acting end; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss of storage; V1～V end: apacity; V ' 1～V ' end: the liquid working substance amount that each drainage point is discharged and each potential energy gather storage vault

Displacement volume; V " 1～V " end: each remains potential energy and gathers storage vault

Displacement volume; V

1～V

End: each heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse

Displacement volume;

Deng body relation designing technique such as body such as grade down:

V1＝V′1＝V″1＝V

1

V2＝V′2＝V″2＝V 2

V3＝V′3＝V″3＝V 3

……

V end=V ' end=V " end=V

End formula-35

V(1～end)～V (1～end): the V(1～end in the same formula-34)～V

(1～end);

Total volume under the total volume relation of equality equates designing technique:

V(1～end)=V ' (1～end)=V " (1～end)

=V

(1～end) formula-36

V(1～end)～V

(1～end): the V(1～end in the same formula-34)～V

(1～end).

24, h0 according to claim 15～h7 designing technique: h0, h1, h2, h3, h6(1～end), the design of h7 is identical with the relevant design in the claim 2; H4(1～end) design is determined by formula-21 with claim 13; H5(1～end) design is determined by formula-20 with claim 12; The designing technique feature of h0～h7 has been included in during aforesaid right requires, and claim 24 just the designing technique feature collection of h0～h7 together, becomes the designing technique integral body between h0～h7.

25, final stage working medium cyclic design technology according to claim 15 is characterized in that final stage liquid working substance recycle pump technology:

At absolute altitude h6(end) V ' end top, if final stage liquid working substance recycle pump and the liquid working substance conduit that links it, the conduit lower end is stretched in the liquid working substance at V ' end, V is stretched in the upper end " in (end-1); the liquid working substance in V ' end is extracted into V ", and go in (end-1), the liquid working substance amount that the unit time is extracted equals unit time h6(end) the liquid working substance amount V ' that discharges;

Final stage liquid working substance nature draining technology:

Satisfy under specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of the biliquid working medium prerequisite, as V " liquid working substance in the end has natural resources to guarantee incessantly to supply with; as rivers flowing water; unit time delivery volume 〉=unit time h6(end) the liquid working substance amount V ' end of discharging; the drop of liquid working substance natural resources 〉=h5-h6(end) time; the h6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of the discharging discharging of just can giving free rein to, no longer enter circulation;

Final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique:

Saturated vapour adiabatic expansion in the cylinder is to T(end-1) time, corresponding liquid working medium switch cuts out, and the air inlet switch in the cylinder cuts out, the switch open of giving vent to anger; Saturated vapour enters condenser liquefaction, and temperature descends, and pressure reduces; When saturated vapour pressure is reduced to the P end, V " the liquid working substance switch open under (1～end), liquid working substance returns cylinder under the effect of residue potential energy, promote piston simultaneously and rise; When the liquid working substance in the cylinder and piston rose to the design peak, the air cock that goes out in the cylinder was closed, air inlet switch open, circulation beginning; Single drainage point technology is a final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique in particular cases.

26, the designing technique characteristics of design capacity according to claim 15 and designed elevation, the design capacity that it is characterized in that engineering equipment wants＞designed elevation of displacement volume, engineering equipment to leave can for regulation and control ± value, for the normal stable operation of systems engineering leaves can be according to the leeway of sentiment control; Generally speaking, calculating h6(1～end) time, initial point is as the criterion with h0, is calculating h4(1～end) time, initial point is as the criterion with h1; If what systems engineering was adopted is the different biliquid working medium of proportion, must note calculating respectively by negative back pressure (positive back pressure) fluid column of different specific weight earlier their negative back pressure (positive back pressure) pressure, and then ask they and, be also noted that simultaneously increase and decrease changes the correction value that occurs because of initial point, if biliquid working medium specific gravity difference is little, correction value can be ignored.

27, carburettor design technology according to claim 15 is characterized in that the oblique conduit of gas working medium in the heat exchanger; Gas working medium is with the reciprocal circulation in vaporizer of high temperature heat source fluid, liquid gas working medium is from the bottom or the middle part throttling ejection of vaporizer, along the upwards circulation of the oblique conduit of the gas working medium in the heat exchanger, the high temperature heat source fluid constantly flows to from the ingress, top of vaporizer, circulate downwards along the high temperature heat source fluid passage in the heat exchanger, constantly discharge from the outlet port of vaporizer bottom; Under temperature difference limit value 〉=T limit prerequisite, control high temperature heat source temperature reduces step by step, and classification is provided with vaporizer, the heat energy classification of high temperature heat source can be utilized, utilize in the systems engineering of high temperature heat source in classification, can select to adapt with it inhomogeneous gas working medium and liquid working substance for use; According to the geographical conditions of systems engineering needs and high temperature heat source, design the size of vaporizer and the position is set.

28, design of condenser technology according to claim 15 is characterized in that the oblique conduit of low-temperature heat source fluid in the heat exchanger; Gas working medium is with the reciprocal circulation in condenser of low-temperature heat source fluid, gas working medium enters from the top of condenser, circulate downwards along the gas working medium passage in the heat exchanger, outer wall liquefaction at the oblique conduit of low-temperature heat source fluid, enter the gas working medium recycle pump after flowing to the liquid impurities separator, the low-temperature heat source fluid enters from the bottom of condenser, along the upwards circulation of the oblique conduit of low-temperature heat source fluid, on the top of condenser, constantly discharge by low-temperature heat source fluid excavationg pump; When doing low-temperature heat source with 5 ℃ of seawater of 500m deep layer, the low-temperature heat source fluid conduit systems extends in the 500m deep sea water; Under temperature difference limit value 〉=T limit prerequisite, the control low-temperature heat source temperature rises step by step, and classification is provided with condenser, the low-temperature heat source classification can be utilized, utilize in the systems engineering of low-temperature heat source in classification, can select to adapt with it inhomogeneous gas working medium and liquid working substance for use; According to the geographical conditions of systems engineering needs and low-temperature heat source, design the size of condenser and the position is set.

29, working medium switch designs technology according to claim 15, it is characterized in that utilizing the working medium switching starter of setting up on the piston, in the piston lifting process, promote the opening and closing of working medium switch, when setting up the working medium switching starter, the design of working medium switch will adapt with it, on the gas working medium conduit or passage that the gas working medium switch are located at cylinder head; Utilize in h ' consumption (1～end) increasing process liquid working substance pressure change on the same absolute altitude or the saturated vapour isothermal expansion in the cylinder, the pressure change condition in the adiabatic expansion process, adopt electronic technology to control the opening and closing of working medium switch automatically; Switch in the many as far as possible designs of working medium switch.

30, the drawing materials of engineering equipment according to claim 15, make, adiabatic, heat preservation technology, it is characterized in that having the equipment of direct contact surface with gas working medium and liquid working substance, select for use and have anticorrosive gas working medium and liquid working substance, do not dissolve the made big with tensile breaking strength, also can adopt have anticorrosive, indissolubility can material do liner; Palpus data plate title material and tensile breaking strength on the equipment; Except that vaporizer, all set up jacket with the appearance of gas working medium circulation, do work relevant conduit, passage, cylinder, low-temperature heat source temperature is lower than the condenser of ambient temperature and the appearance of low-temperature heat source fluid conduit systems is also set up jacket; If the heat-insulating property of equipment does not reach technical requirements, saturated vapour is the not just a large amount of liquefaction of appearance of acting also, can adopt high temperature heat source fluid heat preservation technology, promptly except that condenser, the conduit relevant, passage, cylinder and the liquid working substance of direct contact surface is arranged with saturated vapour with saturated vapour circulation, acting, all adopt the insulation of high temperature heat source fluid, the equipment of needs insulations all is arranged among the high temperature heat source fluid, or establish the high temperature heat source fluid conduit systems at device interior, the temperature that makes them all 〉=temperature during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion.

31, serial system engineering according to claim 1 and serial system engineering is characterized in that single cylinder organizes engineering more; The multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more; The multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more; Engineering under the liquid; Same P ' normal pressure engineering; Same P ' high pressure engineering; Different P ' high pressure engineering; Conveyance system.

32, single cylinder coordination according to claim 31 is organized engineering more, it is characterized in that based on single cylinder list group engineering design technology, defer to the universal design technology,, on same horizontal plane, form by a plurality of single cylinder list group engineerings according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable; The potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ', residue potential energy gathers storage vault V ", the recycle pump when water turbine, generator, the descending conduit of liquid working substance that links water turbine and V ', employing final stage liquid working substance recycle pump technology and link its liquid working substance conduit, vaporizer, condenser, merge design-build as far as possible respectively and become one group or several groups; Design data is determined by the universal design technology.

33, multi-cylinder coordination according to claim 31 is organized engineering more, it is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology based on single cylinder list group engineering, at first determines the basic data of multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering design; Cylinder V1～V end, heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse V

1～V

The end, link (V1～V end)～(V 1～V The end) liquid working substance conduit and working medium switch are increased to and drainage point h6(1 by one of single cylinder list group engineering (cover))～the h6(end) number identical; H0 changes to the absolute altitude h0(1 of each corresponding cylinder)～the h0(end), h0(1)～h0(end-1)=± 0.00; The h0(end) different different because of the employing technology, h0(end when adopting final stage working medium cyclic design technology)=h6(1), when adopting the h0 one-level raise-position designing technique of protecting under the h4 prerequisite:

H ' 0(end)=h4(end-1)-the h6(end)+d '

Formula-37

H ' 0(end): the h0(end) actual elevation (m) after the raise-position, (h ' 0(end)+h4(end)+d '＜h6(end-1)); H4(end-1)=formula-21; The h6(end)=formula-14; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

The h0(end) change to h ' 0(end), V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end, the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; The h6(end) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing does not enter V " (end-1), V ' end and V " (end-1) and fuses the design of relevant devices and h ' 6(end) and h4(end-1) adapt; H6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing (end-1) enters V " end, V ' (end-1) and V ", and the end fuses, the design of relevant devices and h6(end-1) and h ' 4(end) adapt; At V " set up liquid working substance autobalance conduit in the end; the upper end of conduit and h ' 4(end) with high; the mouth of pipe is provided with the regulating controller that can supply pipe to increase, reduce; V is stretched in the conduit lower end, and " (end-1) makes the unnecessary liquid working substance at V ' (end-1)＞V ' end in time automatically " import V the end " at (end-1) from V; Except that can merging with each V " 1～V " that cylinder V1～the V end is connected successively, absolute altitude equates (end-1) with the gas working medium conduit, gas working medium is designed to the integral body, between each cylinder V1～V end, basically all become separately one relatively independent, have only the cylinder connecting vessels of a drainage point; The liquid working substance down going channel among the V " 1～V " (end-1) and the design number of switch are identical with the number of V " 1～V " (end-1); All equipment and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with single cylinder list group engineering, all design datas that does not relate to change are determined by the universal design technology, all design datas that relates to change are all deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; The multi-cylinder coordination is organized engineering more, according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane a plurality of multi-cylinder coordination list group engineerings; The potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ', residue potential energy gathers storage vault V ", liquid working substance autobalance conduit, water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, can merge respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

34, multi-cylinder dystopy according to claim 31 is organized engineering more, it is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology based on multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering, at first determines the basic data of the single group of multi-cylinder dystopy engineering design; H0(1) and the h0(end) design with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering; H0(2)～h0(end-1), adopt the potential energy secondary of protecting under the h4 prerequisite to gather storing technology:

We are h0(2)～h0(end-1) in for asking after the h6 raise-position and h6(1) rise 0 with the h0 called after raise-position h(of height raise-position), protecting h4, while is the h0 called after original position h(former 0 of not raise-position again), be generally speaking order the preceding h0 rise 0 as h(), the order after h0 as h(former 0), so

H(former 6) 〉=h ' (rising 4)+d ' formula-38

H(former 6): with h(former 0) corresponding original position h6 absolute altitude (m); H ' (rising 4): rise 0) actual elevation (m) after the raise-position corresponding h(liter 4) with h(; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h ' (rising 4), generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

H ' (rising 0)=h6(1)-h(rises 6) formula-39

H ' (rising 0): the actual elevation (m) after raise-position h(liter 0); H6(1)=formula-13; H(rises 6): rise 0 with h() corresponding raise-position h(rises 6) absolute altitude (m) during raise-position not;

H(liter 0) after raise-position changed to h ' (rising 0), the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; H0(end-1) the h0(end is obeyed in design) design need, with the h0(end) design adapt; Water turbine, generator and link V ' and the descending conduit of the liquid working substance of water turbine reduce to and only establish one group; V ' (former) 〉=V ' (liter), (V ' (former) :) corresponding h(former 6) the liquid working substance amount of discharging with h(former 0; V ' (liter): rise 0 with h() the liquid working substance amount of discharging corresponding h(liter 6)), the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; The liquid working substance V ' (liters) that h ' (rise 6) discharges enters V ' 1, and V ' (liter) and V ' 1 fuse, the design of relevant devices and h ' (liter 6) and h6(1) adapt; H(former 6) the liquid working substance V ' (former) that discharges enters V " (liters) V ' (former) and V " (liter) and fuses, the design of relevant devices and h(former 6) and h ' (liter 4) adapt; The number of liquid working substance autobalance conduit is increased to identical with the number of h ' 0, and h ' 0 comprises h ' (rising 0), and the liquid working substance autobalance conduit upper end among the h ' (rising 0) is arranged on V " in (liter), and high together with h ' (rising 4), V is stretched in the lower end " (former); The gas working medium conduit joins successively by the order at V1～V end; All equipment and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering, all design datas that does not relate to change are determined by the universal design technology, all design datas that relates to change are all deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; The multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering more, actual demand according to thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, form on same horizontal plane by the single group of a plurality of multi-cylinder dystopys engineering, the potential energy that absolute altitude equates gathers storage vault V ', residue potential energy gathers storage vault V ", liquid working substance autobalance conduit, water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, can merge respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

35, engineering under the liquid according to claim 31 is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology based on multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering, at first determines the basic data of multi-cylinder list group engineering design under the liquid; When adopting final stage working medium cyclic design technology, potential energy gathers storage vault V ' 1～V ' end and fuses, and forms the liquid storehouse, and liquid working substance horizontal plane and drainage point h6 are all at same absolute altitude h6(1) on, promptly h ' 6(2)～h ' 6(end)=h6(1); H0(1)～and the h0(end) all be located under the liquid, and adopt the h0 that protects under the h4 prerequisite to increase progressively one-level raise-position designing technique:

h0（1）＝±0.00，h0（1）＝-h6（1）

H ' 0(2)=h0(1)+h ' consumption 1

H ' 0(3)=h ' 0(2)+h ' consumption 2

H ' 0(4)=h ' 0(3)+h ' consumption 3

By that analogy to h ' 0(end) formula-40

H0(1): the darkest absolute altitude h0(m under the horizontal plane of liquid storehouse), the absolute altitude h0 of this cylinder when being the gas working medium isothermal expansion generally speaking; H ' 0(2～end): increase progressively h0(2～end after the one-level raise-position actual elevation (m)); H ' consumption (1～end): differential loss (m);

Adopt to protect the h0(end-1 under the h4 prerequisite) when increasing progressively secondary raise-position designing technique, h0(end-1) change is designed to:

H ' 0(end-1)=h6(1)+(h6(end)+h consumption) * 1%+h consumption+d '-h6(end-1)

(h ' 4(end-1)+d '≤h6(1)) formula-41

H ' 0(end-1): increase progressively the h0(end-1 after the secondary raise-position) actual elevation (m); H6(1)=formula-13; The h6(end)=formula-14; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage; H6(end-1): by

Formula-15 is determined; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4,

Generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end; H ' 6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing (end-1) enters V " end, V ' (end-1) and V ", and the end fuses, the design of relevant devices and h ' 6(end-1) and h ' 4(end) adapt; H ' 6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of Pai Chuing enters the liquid storehouse; Liquid working substance autobalance conduit is removed from; All ends relate to the equipment and the design method of change, and are all identical with multi-cylinder coordination list group engineering; All ends relate to the design data of change, determine by the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change are deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; Engineering under the liquid according to the actual demand of thermal resource situation and the operation of systems engineering continous-stable, is made up of on same horizontal plane multi-cylinder list group engineering under a plurality of liquid; The residue potential energy that liquid storehouse V ', absolute altitude equate gathers storage vault V ", water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, the condenser of V ' and water turbine, can merge respectively and be designed to one group or several groups.

36, same P ' normal pressure engineering according to claim 31, comprise that single cylinder organizes that engineering, multi-cylinder coordination are organized engineering more, the multi-cylinder dystopy is organized engineering under engineering and the liquid more more, it is characterized in that drainage point h6(1～end) and potential energy gathers the last horizontal plane of storage vault V ' 1～V ' top, residue potential energy gathers above storage vault V " 1～V " end and the gas pressure intensity P ' in water turbine water outlet ambient gas space equates, and be atmospheric pressure (dtm); The totally-enclosed circulation of gas working medium; V " on when having natural endlessly liquid working substance to guarantee to supply with, have the over-all properties of cylinder connecting vessels technology, promptly rely on liquid working substance itself, gather and store the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then production power electric power; Be used as irrigation by pumping or water filling in the reservoir, when being used for the water storage energy storage, V " on must have natural endlessly liquid working substance to guarantee to supply with; unit time engineering throughput one regularly, the ability of unit time engineering stored energy is by unit time engineering throughput and the decision of natural liquid working substance supply amount; When the liquid working substance fixed amount, only have and gather the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produce the performance of power electric power, do not have the performance of stored energy.

37, same P ' high pressure engineering according to claim 31 is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology based on same P ' normal pressure engineering, at first determines the basic data of same P ' high pressure list group engineering design; H6(1)～h6(end-1) and V ' 1～V ' (end-1) top, V " 1～V " (end-1) top and water turbine water outlet around fuse separately, change and be designed to P ' end, two airtight pressurized gas spaces; Respectively establish on two P ' ends identical with the number of V ' 1～V ' (end-1) and V " 1～V " (last-1), the corresponding airtight pressurized gas space maintenance mouth in position, barometer, pressure regulator valve; Respectively establish an air compressor on two P ' ends; P ' end=P ' end=P end, the permitted value at P ' end are P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm; Allow under the prerequisite in the equipment tensile properties, the spatial content at P ' end is big more, and the stability of engineering operation is good more; In the P ' end at V " 1～V " (end-1), can all be located at the inside, P ' end to water turbine, generator, also can be located at the inside, P ' end to water turbine respectively, generator is located in the normal pressure space of outside, the high low pressure connecting part of water turbine transmission shaft adopts the extreme pressure lubricant sealing technique to handle; The up conduit of liquid working substance, change are designed to straight-through each h6 of each cylinder h0; Straight-through each the cylinder h0 of V " the descending conduit of liquid working substance is set up in the bottom, from each V ", and (on the absolute altitude h1) establishes the liquid working substance switch on the descending conduit of each liquid working substance; When adopting biliquid working medium, adopt simultaneously heterogeneous liquid working substance exchange storehouse technology is set under the h0; When adopting final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique, the final stage device of engineering is removed from, h0(2)～h0(end-1)=h0(1), V " in liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude h4(1) (m) change be designed to:

H4(1)=P end * 1% ÷ 100Y+h1

Formula-42

P end: the P end (gram/cm in the same formula-14 ²);

Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³); H1: piston lift design peak absolute altitude (m);

Generally speaking, h4(2)～the h4(end)=h4(1); Water turbine water outlet absolute altitude h5(m), change is designed to:

H5=h4+d ' formula-43

H4=formula-42; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

V " top P ' last term point absolute altitude h5d ' (m) is designed to:

H5d '=h5+d ' formula-44

H5=formula-43; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h5, d ' 〉=water turbine (generator) body height;

The acting end is equipped with drainage point absolute altitude h6(1)～h6(end-1) (m), change is designed to:

H6(1)=(P1-P end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

H6(2)=(P2-P end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

H6(3)=(P3-P end) ÷ 100Y-h consumes

By that analogy to h6(end-1) formula-45

P(1～end): the pressure (gram/cm of corresponding points in saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the adiabatic expansion process ²); Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³); The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage;

With V ' 1～V ' (end-1) corresponding airtight pressurized gas space P ' last term point absolute altitude h9(1)～h9(end-1) (m) be designed to:

h9（1）＝h6（1）+d′

h9（2）＝h6（2）+d′

h9（3）＝h6（3）+d′

By that analogy to h9(end-1) formula-46

H6(1～end)=formula-45; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h6, the value of d ' is according to determining;

When adopting single drainage point technology, change in the work is a design-build list drainage point h6(1) required one-level equipment, all the other equipment at different levels remove from, V ' top, comprise drainage point h6(1) P ' end can not establish, but the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time is control accurately, makes it equal unit time drainage point h6(1) the liquid working substance amount V ' that discharges; Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique:

H ' 0(end)=h4(1)+h consumption+d ' formula-47

H ' 0(end): the h0(end) actual elevation (m) after the one-level raise-position; H4(1)=formula-42; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage; D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0;

With h ' 0(end) corresponding h4(end) actual elevation h ' 4(end) (m), change is designed to:

H ' 4(end)=h ' 0(end)+h4(1) formula-48

H ' 0(end)=formula-47; H4(1)=formula-42; H ' 4(end)＜h6(end-1); The h0(end) raise-position is h ' 0(end) after, the h6(end) also corresponding thereupon raise-position is h ' 6(end), but h ' 6(end) the liquid working substance conduit at h ' 0(end) to turn one 180 degree curved in the top, stretch into V downwards at " (end-1); H ' 6(end) the liquid working substance V ' end of Pai Chuing enters V " (end-1), V ' end and V " the last integrator of airtight pressurized gas space P ' above (end-1); H6(end-1) the liquid working substance V ' of Pai Chuing (end-1) enters V " end, V ' (end-1) and V " the last integrator of airtight pressurized gas space P ' of top, end; V ' (end-1) 〉=V ' end; Same P ' high pressure engineering of forming by a plurality of same P ' high pressure list group engineerings, P ' end that gas pressure intensity equates, P ' end equates and absolute altitude also equates V ', V ", water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, air compressor, service ports, barometer, the pressure regulator valve of V ' and water turbine; vaporizer; condenser can merge respectively is designed to one group or several groups; Same P ' high pressure engineering technology is applicable to various types of same P ' normal pressure engineerings, but on specific design, defers to the corresponding design of corresponding relation; All equipment, design method and design datas that does not relate to change; All identical with same P ' normal pressure engineering, and defer to the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change, relevant with it design data is all deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; Same P ' high pressure engineering has reduced the engineering vertical height, ÷ 100Y(P end, the height of reduction=P end: the pressure gram/cm of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion when designing initial point ²; Y: liquid working substance proportion gram/Cm ³; P end=P ' end); Gas working medium and liquid working substance are totally-enclosed circulation; Only have and gather the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produce the performance of power electric power, do not have the performance of stored energy.

38, different P ' high pressure engineering according to claim 31 is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology based on same P ' high pressure engineering, at first determines the basic data of different P ' high pressure list group engineering design; V ' 1～V ' (end-1) top comprises h6(1)～h6(end-1) the change of airtight pressurized gas space be designed to V ' 1～V ' (end-1) corresponding, separate airtight pressurized gas space P ' 1～P ' (end-1); It is identical with the number of V ' 1～V ' (end-1) that the design number of air compressor, service ports, barometer, pressure regulator valve changes to, and match with P ' 1～P ' (end-1); When adopting final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique, the final stage device of engineering is removed from, h6(1)～and h6(end-2)=h6(end-1), h6(end-1) determine by formula-45, h9(1)～h9(end-2)=h9(end-1), h9(end-1) determine by formula-46; P ' 1～P ' (end-1) is designed to generally speaking:

P ' (end-1)=P ' end=P end

P ' 1=P1-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

P ' 2=P2-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

P ' 3=P3-h6(end-1) * Y ÷ 10

By that analogy to P ' (end-2) formula-49

P ' 1～P ' (end-1): with P1～P(end-1) gas pressure intensity (kilogram/cm in the corresponding airtight pressurized gas of order space ²); P1～P end: saturated vapour isothermal expansion, the pressure (kilogram/cm of corresponding points in the adiabatic expansion process ²); H6(end-1) determines by formula-45; Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³); P ' end: pressure equals the gas pressure intensity (kilogram/cm in the airtight pressurized gas space at P end ²);

Above the V " 1～V " (end-1), comprise the gas pressure intensity in water turbine water outlet airtight pressurized gas space on every side, value is P ' end generally speaking, and the permitted value at P ' end is P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm; When adopting single drainage point technology, change in the work is a design-build list drainage point h6(1) required one-level equipment, all the other equipment at different levels are removed from, V ' top, comprise drainage point h6(1) P ' 1 can not establish, but the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time is control accurately, makes it equal unit time drainage point h6(1) the liquid working substance amount V ' that discharges; Adopt to protect the h0(end under the h4 prerequisite) during one-level raise-position designing technique, the relevant design with same P ' high pressure engineering of the design of relevant devices is identical; Different P ' high pressure engineering of forming by a plurality of different P ' high pressure list group engineerings, the airtight pressurized gas space P ' that gas pressure intensity equates, gas pressure intensity equates and absolute altitude also equates V ', V ", water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, air compressor, service ports, barometer, the pressure regulator valve of water turbine and V '; vaporizer, condenser can merge respectively and be designed to one group or several groups; Different P ' high pressure engineering is applicable to various types of same P ' high pressure engineerings, but on specific design, defers to the corresponding design of corresponding relation; All equipment, design data and design method that does not relate to change, all identical with same P ' high pressure engineering, and defer to the universal design technology; All design datas that relates to change, the design data relevant with it deferred to the corresponding change of corresponding relation; Different P ' high pressure engineering reduces the engineering vertical height to greatest extent, generally speaking, height=P ' 1 ÷ 100Y(m that engineering reduces) (gas pressure intensity (gram/the cm in airtight pressurized gas space, top of P ' 1:h6(1) ²); Y: liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³)); H6(1)～h6(end-1) be located on the same horizontal plane; The value of the vertical height of different P ' high pressure engineering and P ' and h6 is closely related, and under P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm prerequisite, the last value of the engineering vertical height that absolute altitude h5d ' is above and P ' 1～P ' is inversely proportional to, with h6(1)～the h6(end) value be directly proportional; During engineering design, the engineering vertical height can be under P end 〉=P ' end＞dtm prerequisite design as required, determine P ' (1～end) or h6(1～end earlier) value, and then calculate corresponding with it h6(1～end) or the value of P ' (1～end); Binary working medium and biliquid working medium are totally-enclosed circulation; Only have and gather the energy that high temperature heat source provides, and then produce the performance of power electric power, do not have the performance of stored energy.

39, conveyance system according to claim 31 is characterized in that deferring to the universal design technology, selects corresponding systems engineering, matches with corresponding other engineering of producing liquid form product; Do not influencing under the liquid form product quality prerequisite,, selecting to form liquid working substance or the biliquid working medium that preceding steam state semi-finished product adapt with liquid form product by specific selection technology of binary working medium and the specific selection technology of biliquid working medium; Condensation in other engineering, pressurized equipment are removed from, the gas working medium conduit in the steam state semi-finished product conduit homologous ray engineering before the liquid form product is connected; The steam state semi-finished product are used as the gas working medium that systems engineering moves, after systems engineering isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion acting, enter condenser liquefaction, export behind the formation liquid form product; The steam state semi-finished product enter systems engineering continuously, and the liquid form product after the liquefaction is exported continuously, the half-finished condensation of other engineering steam state, pressurization, liquefaction process process, become the half-finished condensation of potential energy production and steam state, pressurization, liquefaction process; High temperature heat source in the systems engineering, vaporizer, liquid gas working medium circulating pump are removed from, and liquid gas working medium is added a mouthful change and is designed to the liquid form product delivery outlet.

40, ice storage energy storage according to claim 1 and adopt that ice gets can technology, it is characterized in that long-term extremely frigid zones or winter extremely frigid zones, utilize high and cold temperature condition and favorable terrain, build large-scale icebox, with rivers flowing water or other liquid production ice, ice storage is among large-scale icebox, and icebox is the non-power consumption or the icebox that seldom consumes energy, mainly the storage time of keeping ice by the solution heat itself of thermoinsulation material insulation and ice; According to systems engineering operation needs or seasonal variations, ambient air temperature rises to be needed, and gets the ice storage in the icebox or the ice of exploitation glacier and south poles and does low-temperature heat source; When utilizing the solution heat of icing to do low-temperature heat source, systems engineering potential energy production calculating formula:

W=((P1-P end * 101%-P '+P ") ÷ 100Y

-d '-h consumption) * V1 * Y ÷ 1000 * (Q1 ÷ Q2)

Formula-50

W: the potential energy that engineering is produced during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion (kilogram m/ second); P1: the pressure (gram/Cm during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion ²); The P end: the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion is to the pressure (gram/cm of design during terminal point ²); Drainage point h6(1) and the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of the V ' top gas space P ': ²); Gas pressure intensity (gram/the cm in P ": V " top and water turbine water outlet ambient gas space ²); Y: with water is the liquid working substance proportion (1 gram/Cm of liquid working substance ³); D ': the technology amount (m) of super h4, generally speaking, 5＞d '＞0; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage; V1: the volume during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion, it equals h6(1) the liquid working substance amount V ' (Cm that discharges of drainage point ³); Q1: the solution heat of ice (80 kilocalories/kilogram); Q2: the heat of condensation (kilocalorie/kilogram) when saturated vapour enters condenser liquefaction;

The potential energy calculating formula same formula-50 that each respective stages is produced in the saturated vapour adiabatic expansion process, but the last item in the formula-50, promptly * (Q1 ÷ Q2) cast out, P1 changes to P(2～end), V1 changes to V ' (2～end), W change becomes W(2～end), the potential energy total amount that systems engineering is produced equals W and W(2～end) summation;

With same P ' normal pressure engineering is example: the vaporization heat needs when high temperature heat source satisfies 15 ℃ of carbon dioxide saturated vapours, utilize the solution heat of 1 kilogram of ice, the energy that isothermal expansion discharges when only calculating 15 ℃ of carbon dioxide saturated vapours just can obtain the potential energy of 120 kilograms m/ seconds;

The gradable utilization of low-temperature heat source, when classification utilized low-temperature heat source, each hierarchical system engineering can be selected for use and adapt with it, inhomogeneous gas working medium and liquid working substance; When high temperature heat source and low-temperature heat source temperature≤normal temperature, under the temperature difference 〉=T limit (temperature difference limit value) prerequisite, on temperature, there is not the absolute field boundary between high temperature heat source and the low-temperature heat source (as for 15 ℃ of thermals source, in 30 ℃ of thermals source, it can be as low-temperature heat source, in 0 ℃ of thermal source, therefore it again can be as high temperature heat source,, but the warm resource comprehensive grading utilization of height is selected the gas working medium and the liquid working substance that adapt with it simultaneously; The ice storage energy storage and adopt that ice gets can technology, come down at climate law that utilizes nature and temperature condition, produce and store artificial coal and oil, south poles might become human important natural energy source production base.

41, according to claim 1

Shape cylinder connecting vessels and prospect technology, it is characterized in that with Shape cylinder connecting vessels is the basis, defers to the universal design technology; Cylinder can be designed to huge cylinder or airtight spare space according to different purposes; Allow under the prerequisite in tensile breaking strength, the capacity of single huge cylinder or airtight spare space can design on demand, also can establish a plurality of huge cylinders or a plurality of airtight spare space on the promptly same horizontal plane on same absolute altitude, each cylinder or airtight spare space can establish passage and sealed door connects is mutually formed

Shape cylinder connecting vessels engineering; The performance of airtight spare space is identical with the performance of huge cylinder, and the design of huge cylinder or airtight spare space will match with it when adopting hood-shaped piston technology, and the value of d should be d 〉=dtm ÷ 100Y (unit of d is m in the formula-17; Dtm: atmospheric pressure (gram/cm ²); Y:1 liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm ³)); The top of cylinder or airtight spare space can be according to the design of different purposes, and is identical with the design of traditional cylinder or huge cylinder when being used as cylinder, and when being used as airtight spare space, the top change is designed to that a liquid, gas add mouthful and switch; The liquid working substance conduit down is provided with from h0, under the equipment vertical height allows prerequisite, h6(end) can on the arbitrfary point of＜h0, be provided with, the liquid working substance conduit turns one 180 degree below drainage point h6 curved, makes the mouth of pipe up, as non-sealed end; Drainage point h6 can establish numerous, but practical data need determine, drainage point just be on the non-sealed end mouth of pipe horizontal plane have a few; The turn round absolute altitude at starting point place of liquid working substance switch in the liquid working substance conduit, its designed elevation and conduit is identical; H1～h6(1～end) design:

H1＞h0＞h6(1)＞h6(2) ...＞h6(end)

H1: piston lift design peak or cylinder, airtight spare space crown level; H0: the liquid working substance horizontal plane minimum point absolute altitude in journey design minimum point or cylinder, the airtight spare space falls in piston; H6(1)～and the h6(end): each drainage point absolute altitude that the h0 next coming in order reduce;

When reducing the drainage point h6 of the following setting of h0 successively, can make the saturated vapour of saturated vapour pressure≤normal pressure in the cylinder or P ' continue the adiabatic expansion acting, when the capacity permission of h0 top, when heat-insulating property allows, the acting of saturated vapour adiabatic expansion can level off to zero until saturated vapour pressure; When reducing the following drainage point h6 that is provided with of h0 successively, the liquid working substance boiling temperature in the cylinder is reduced successively, make liquid boiling vaporization under the condition that is lower than (normal pressure under) boiling temperature, acquisition saturated vapour and energy; When the negative back pressure pressure P of the negative back pressure fluid column between h1～h6 in the h6 horizontal plane negative=P0(P0 is defined as initial point pressure), the negative back pressure pressure P ' of the negative back pressure fluid column between h0～h6 in the h6 horizontal plane be negative=P adds; The gas pressure intensity P '=P of the non-sealed end gas space in drainage point h6 horizontal plane top adds=during dtm, under the h6 behind the liquid working substance switch open of corner, cylinder above h0 or airtight each with in space, can and progressively provide new ways and means for the enforcement of the relevant science and technology of the relative low temperature space that exists in demand relatively low pressure space, relative vacuum space, the finite time;

When being provided with the assembly type column in huge cylinder of big capacity or the huge airtight spare space, adopt hood-shaped piston technology to need hood-shaped piston change is designed to the hood-shaped piston of assembly type, the hood-shaped piston of assembly type is based on hood-shaped piston, with the corresponding piston area of assembly type column under, set up corresponding with the column cylinder, and the metal sleeve that adapts, metal sleeve communicates with piston area, the top and the piston area of sleeve fuse, and tie point satisfies seal request; Be provided with No. 1 liquid working substance annular storage bin, circular groove, the outer barricade of annular around the column, metal sleeve is corresponding identical with design method with relevant with the hood-shaped piston designing technique with design method of designing technique of annular storage bin, circular groove, annular outer barricade.

42, the replenishing of features relevant in the claim 1～41:

(1) complementary features in the claim 9 is characterized in that the preceding preparation routine of hood-shaped piston operation:

Liquid working substance switch and liquid working substance add mouthful (service ports) and open; Promote detachment system hood-shaped piston is risen to h1; Add a mouthful past annular storage bin from liquid working substance and pour into liquid working substance No. 1; To No. 1 liquid working substance horizontal plane and h(-2) when becoming level, in adding mouthful, No. 2 liquid working substances pouring into liquid working substance No. 2 again; , close all working medium switches and liquid working substance and add mouthful when becoming level at the bottom of hood-shaped piston lower plane or the storehouse, gas storage storehouse to No. 2 liquid working substance horizontal planes; Hood-shaped then piston and elevator system are separated, and make piston Benxi on the liquid level of liquid working substance, enter lifting state freely;

(2) complementary features in the claim 22, when it is characterized in that adopting single drainage point technology, an engineering design-build list drainage point h6(1) required one-level equipment, all the other equipment at different levels are removed from;

(3) complementary features in the claim 25, when it is characterized in that adopting final stage saturated vapour falling temperature technique, the final stage device of engineering is removed from;

(4) complementary features in the claim 37 and 38 is characterized in that in same P ' high pressure and different P ' high pressure engineering V, and " the airtight pressurized gas space P ' of top must be provided with generally speaking; Because for water turbine water outlet drained liquid working medium, equate that at pressure the resistance of gas is littler than the resistance of liquid under the condition; " P ' of top can not establish yet if do not remove to consider this factor, V;

" P ' of top can not establish, and the gas space part that refers among the airtight pressurized gas space P ' can not established, but the liquid working substance space segment in the confined space must keep for all V of mentioning ' top or V.

43, the engineering that liquefies synchronously: the engineering that liquefies synchronously belongs to same P ' normal pressure engineering, it is characterized in that liquefying synchronously engineering, promptly exists

Shape cylinder connecting vessels acting end is gone up a peace airtight traditional shape piston (cylinder), as intermediary's piston (cylinder);

Cylinder in the shape cylinder connecting vessels is as ram; Establish fixedly cross-arm of piston in combination more than on the top of intermediary's piston, and continuous closely with intermediary's piston; Many piston in combination fixedly cross-arm above, be mid point with intermediary's piston, be symmetrical arranged gas working medium liquefaction pressurizing piston; With gas working medium liquefaction pressurizing piston is mid point, at the fixing two ends above the cross-arm of many piston in combination, symmetry is respectively established potential energy and is produced piston (situation allows or when needing, potential energy produces piston and the cylinder that matches with it can be established one or more) many piston in combination fixedly three pistons above the cross-arm be traditional piston, and fixedly cross-arm is continuous closely with many piston in combination; Three piston tops are horizontally disposed with three traditional cylinders, and promptly a gas working medium liquefaction pressurized cylinder and two potential energy production cylinders match with it; Intermediary's piston, many piston in combination be cross-arm, gas working medium liquefaction pressurizing piston, two cylinders that potential energy is produced piston and matched with each piston fixedly, form The shape piston system; On the gas working medium liquefaction pressurized cylinder, establish liquid pressure transmission conduit; Two potential energy are produced on the cylinders, establish feed liquor conduit that the liquid working substance storage vault that is provided with down with the water turbine water outlet links mutually and gather the draining pipe that storage vault links mutually with potential energy; On feed liquor conduit and the draining pipe, respectively establish (oppositely) liquid working substance (interior) switch; Form the single group of liquefaction engineering A half group system synchronously by said structure and equipment; The single group of liquefaction engineering is made up of half group of A and B half group system synchronously, and the structure of B half group system is identical with the structure and the equipment of A half group system with equipment, and symmetrical with A half group system, is arranged on the same horizontal plane; The liquid pressure transmission conduit that A is half group is connected with the liquid pressure transmission conduit of half group of B; The draining pipe that half group of A and B are half group can merge on the working medium switch and is designed to an integral body; During engineering operation, half group of A's

Half group of shape piston and B's The shape piston is reversing motion; From the plane, half group of half group of A and B

The shape piston system can The shape symmetric arrays also can be designed to

The shape symmetric arrays; On ram, establish a liquid working substance and add mouth; Below ram, can establish a liquid gas working medium separator when needing and be connected with condenser with conduit; Air tight when if the precision height of intermediary's piston (cylinder), gas working medium do work under the P1 condition, gas working medium countercylinder piston non-corrosiveness, so, ram can not established yet, and intermediary's cylinder directly as ram; On liquid pressure transmission conduit, establish an accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid and add mouth; The design of h0～h6:

H0=± 0.00, the piston bottom plane absolute altitude when h0 falls the journey minimum point for intermediary's piston;

H1: plane absolute altitude on intermediary's cylinder, determine by intermediary's cylinder design height;

H4=h1+ intermediary depth pistion+many piston in combination are cross-arm height-d formula-51 fixedly

H4: liquefaction pressurized cylinder and potential energy are produced cylinder bottom plane absolute altitude (m); D: in the piston running, cylinder contains piston technology the most in short-term and allows length; The height of the height of intermediary's cylinder and piston thereof=liquefaction pressurized cylinder and piston thereof=potential energy is produced the height of cylinder and piston thereof;

H5=h4+d+ potential energy is produced cylinder height+d '

Formula-52

H5: water turbine water outlet absolute altitude (m); H4 and d in h4 and the d same formula-51; D ': technology amount, 5＞d '＞0 generally speaking;

H6=(P1-P '-P lotus-(P end * 101%-

P '-P lotus)) * 1000 * S1 ÷ ((S3+

S4) * Y * 100)+the h4+d-h consumption

=(P1-P end * 101%) * 1000 *

S1÷〔（S3+S4）×Y×100〕

+ h4+d-h consumes formula-53

H6: the drainage point absolute altitude (m) on the draining pipe, drainage point should leave can be for the lifting leeway according to the sentiment control; P1: the pressure (gram/cm during the saturated vapour isothermal expansion ²); P ': the gas pressure intensity (gram/cm of intermediary's cylinder top gas space ²); P lotus (gram/cm ²)= Shape piston weight (gram) the ÷ piston cross sectional area (cm of intermediary ²); P end: the pressure (gram/cm during saturated vapour liquefaction reduction ²); S1: the piston cross sectional area (cm of intermediary ²), S1=S2, S2 is liquefaction pressurizing piston cross sectional area; S3: the potential energy on the liquefaction pressurizing piston left side is produced piston cross sectional area (cm ²), S3=S4; S4: the potential energy on liquefaction pressurizing piston the right is produced piston cross sectional area (cm ²), S4=S3; Y: the liquid working substance proportion (gram/Cm that the water turbine water outlet is discharged ³); H4 and d in h4 and the d same formula-51; The h consumption: potential energy gathers the necessary loss (m) of storage, h consumption＞0; Following negative back pressure (fluid column) pressure of h4 is ignored, and all pistons are all ignored with the surface friction drag of cylinder in the acting process;

The performance of synchronous liquefaction engineering and synchronous liquefaction technology: when P1, P end, S1, Y, h4, d, one timing of h consumption, the value of h6 and the value of S3+S4 are inversely proportional to; Value one timing as (P1-P end * 101%) * 1000 * S1, no matter its value is greatly or little, all can be by the value that increases or dwindle S3+S4, the cross sectional area (potential energy is produced the number of piston) that promptly increases or dwindle (increase or reduce) potential energy production piston reduces or improves the vertical height of systems engineering to greatest extent, and h6 is located on the needed height of people; H6 when it can also do work the different saturated vapour of pressure simultaneously is located on the same horizontal plane, and temperature difference limit value T limit is dropped to bottom line;

The design of the accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid use amount in liquefaction pressurized cylinder and the liquid pressure transmission conduit:

V＝V1+V2+V3-V2

=V1+V3 formula-54

V: single group engineering accommodating pressure-transmitting liquid use amount (m ³); Displacement volume (the m of half group of liquefaction of V1:A pressurized cylinder ³), V1=V2; Displacement volume (the m of half group of liquefaction of V2:B pressurized cylinder ³), V2=V1; V3: except that V1, V2, the liquid working substance capacity (m of liquid pressure transmission conduit ³);

The liquid working substance amount that the water-outlet quantity of water turbine water outlet unit time≤drainage point h6 unit time discharges;

The capacity that potential energy gathers the liquid working substance storage vault that is provided with under storage vault, the water turbine water outlet designs as required; The universal design technology is deferred in the design of the ram in the cylinder connecting vessels, vaporizer, condenser and systems engineering throughput;

By the synchronous liquefaction engineerings that the single group of a plurality of synchronous liquefaction engineerings are formed, potential energy gather storage vault, water turbine water outlet down setting liquid working substance storage vault, water turbine, generator, link the descending conduit of liquid working substance, vaporizer, condenser that water turbine and potential energy gathers storage vault and should merge as far as possible respectively and be designed to one group or several groups;

Gather the energy that discharges when storage utilizes the gas working medium adiabatic expansion, must defer to synchronous liquefaction engineering and the corresponding design of performance of liquefaction technology synchronously according to the respective value under saturated vapour T, P, the V corresponding relation.Liquefaction technology can be used to design engineering under the liquid synchronously.

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