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CN105318816A - 主动磁轴承的改进的位置检测装置 - Google Patents

主动磁轴承的改进的位置检测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105318816A
CN105318816A CN201510437100.5A CN201510437100A CN105318816A CN 105318816 A CN105318816 A CN 105318816A CN 201510437100 A CN201510437100 A CN 201510437100A CN 105318816 A CN105318816 A CN 105318816A
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detecting device
position detecting
waveform signal
square waveform
sensing
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O.勒马钱德
B.哈夫雷
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SKF Magnetic Mechatronics SAS
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SKF Magnetic Mechatronics SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
    • F16C32/0446—Determination of the actual position of the moving member, e.g. details of sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
    • F16C32/0451—Details of controllers, i.e. the units determining the power to be supplied, e.g. comparing elements, feedback arrangements with P.I.D. control
    • F16C32/0455—Details of controllers, i.e. the units determining the power to be supplied, e.g. comparing elements, feedback arrangements with P.I.D. control including digital signal processing [DSP] and analog/digital conversion [A/D, D/A]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/2013—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/225—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the mutual induction between the two coils

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)

Abstract

一种保持旋转轴的位置并且包括两个感测电感线圈(12A、12B)的主动磁轴承的位置检测装置(10)，所述位置检测装置还包括：可编程数字部件(16)，用于生成25KHz方波形信号，电流放大器(18；20A、20B)，接收所述25KHz方波形信号并且在所述两个感测电感线圈中注入两个相同的控制电流，差分放大器(22)，用于放大在所述两个感测电感线圈中所得到的电压之间的电压差并且取决于所述旋转轴的位移，以及A/D转换器(24)，用于从所述电压差传递位置值。

Description

主动磁轴承的改进的位置检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及磁轴承，并且更加具体地涉及被用于获得在磁轴承系统中的旋转轴的径向或/和轴向位置的位置检测装置。
背景技术
磁轴承被用在诸如电动机、压缩机或涡轮机等的不同的旋转机器中，以便通过作用于机器的转子的磁场保持旋转轴的轴向或/和径向位置。
磁轴承经常被用于抵抗来自工业环境(压力波和振荡)的干扰，所述干扰可以对涡轮机或压缩机的转子的行为产生不期望的效应，使得限制周期、振动、不稳定性。
使用连接到功率切换放大器的一对电磁铁(经典地每个电磁铁一个功率切换放大器)建立轴承力，其中由控制器通过校正网络来适配功率切换放大器的控制电压以允许电流跟踪设置点。主动磁轴承(AMB)的控制回路包括转子组件的位置的检测器。
图3示出了用于检测具有感测线圈34A、34B的AMB32的转子组件的位置的位置检测装置30的经典解决方案。信号生成器36为生成25Khz正弦信号的正弦振荡器38传递400KHz频率处的两个PWM信号，该PWM信号的占空比作为正弦波形变化。该正弦信号及其反相信号被传递到推挽式功率晶体管40，所述推挽式功率晶体管40的两个输出通过并联布置的振荡回路电容器42与感测线圈34A、34B连接。
接收自感测线圈34A、34B的包含位置信息的信号是取决于旋转轴的位移的幅度调制的信号。该信号首先被滤波44并且然后用同步解调器46和低通滤波器48解调。旋转轴的位置最终由从低通滤波器接收解调的信号的A/D转换器50传递。
如前所述，这样的经典的解决方案使用正弦波形作为振荡器，即使振荡回路电容器被调谐以减少在电感线圈中流通的电流，所述解决方案生成高功率消耗。此外，电子器件不易于集成，从而提供较为昂贵的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明旨在通过使用改进的位置检测装置消除上述缺点，所述位置检测装置带来减少的功率消耗以及进一步的集成益处。
为此，根据本发明的保持旋转轴的位置并且包括两个感测电感线圈的主动磁轴承的所述位置检测装置包括：
可编程数字部件，用于生成25KHz方波形信号，
电流放大器，接收所述25KHz方波形信号并且在所述两个感测电感线圈中注入两个相同的控制电流，
差分放大器，用于根据所述旋转轴的位移放大在所述两个感测电感线圈中所得到的电压之间的电压差，以及
A/D转换器，用于从所述电压差传递位置值。
优选地，所述25KHz方波形信号具有50％的占空比。
有利地，所述电流放大器包括与所述两个感测电感线圈串联连接的达林顿(Darlington)晶体管和两个电阻器。
优选地，所述A/D转换器与所述可编程数字部件连接以将所述转换与所述25KHz方波形信号同步，以获得对应于所述电压差的最大值的位置值。
有利地，所述可编程数字部件包含在DSP、微控制器或FGPA中。
附图说明
在参考描述本发明的实施例的附图的下述描述中，本发明将更好的被理解并且其进一步的细节和益处将变得更加明晰，并且其中：
-图1示出了根据本发明的AMB的改进的位置检测装置的示意图，
-图2A和2B示出了图1的改进的位置检测装置的不同波形信号，以及
-图3表示根据现有技术的AMB的位置装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的保持旋转轴的位置的AMB的改进的位置检测装置的框图。
位置检测装置10包括可编程数字部件16，该可编程数字部件16用于为连接到其的电流放大器生成25KHz方波形信号(具有50％的占空比)。优选地，可编程数字部件包括在DSP或FGPA中，并且电流放大器包括与AMB14的两个感测电感线圈12A、12B串联连接的达林顿晶体管18以及两个电阻器20A、20B以用于注入两个感测电感线圈12A、12B的两个相同的控制电流。两个感测电感线圈的端子构成增益K的差分放大器22的两个输入，差分放大器22的输出形成传递对应于旋转轴的位置的位置值的A/D转换器24的输入。
现在考虑到图2A和2B描述检测装置的操作，所述图2A和2B表示初始25KHz方波形信号和在感测电感线圈中的信号以及在差分放大器的输出处的信号。
由可编程数字部件16生成的25KHz方波形信号(图2A和2B的曲线60)通过电流放大器18、20被直接地注入到感测电感线圈12A、12B。
在空闲时(图2A)，感测线圈电压具有如曲线62所示的“脉冲”波形并且在两个感测电感线圈(假设电阻器12A和12B相应地适配)中是相同的。所以，由差分放大器22产生的差等于零(考虑到移除连续的分量)。由A/D转换器24传递的位置值因此也等于零(或者等于参考位置，如果有)。
在操作时(图2B)，取决于旋转轴的位移并且根据线圈和转子之间的空气间隙的变化，在两个感测电感线圈12A、12B中所得到的电压VA、VB之间的电压差在差分放大器22中产生并放大(K(VA-VB))。曲线64示出例如用于正位移的电压差并且曲线66用于负位移。该差在A/D转换器24中转换为位置值。更加具体地，在感测线圈电压处在其最大值时测量该位置值(如所示的V1或V2)。这例如通过将A/D转换器与可编程数字部件16连接而成为可能，该连接允许所述转换与初始的25KHz方波形信号同步。
本发明已经在通常具有几十μH的感测电感线圈的AMB中成功地测试以测量达1mm的旋转轴的位移。达林顿晶体管有利地是NXP半导体公司的BCV46，并且差分放大器有利地是具有足够与具有0到3.3V的偏移(excursion)范围的经典的A/D转换器(例如AD7685)匹配的值为5的增益的、来自模拟器件公司的AD8421。根据感测电感线圈的灵敏度调节电阻器的值(通常几百Ω)。在这些条件下，确定从-600μm到600μm的位置值范围。
本发明具体地适用于像是冷却装置或者涡轮膨胀机的重要机器的主动磁轴承，例如适用于像是用于轿车或货车的HVAC的较小的系统中的主动磁轴承。
尽管已经示出并描述了优选实施例，应注意的是，在不脱离在所附权利要求中限定的本发明的范围的情况下，在其中可以作出任何改变和修改。

Claims (5)

1.一种保持旋转轴的位置并且包括两个感测电感线圈(12A、12B)的主动磁轴承的位置检测装置(10)，其中，所述位置检测装置还包括：
可编程数字部件(16)，用于生成25KHz方波形信号，
电流放大器(18；20A、20B)，接收所述25KHz方波形信号并且在所述两个感测电感线圈中注入两个相同的控制电流，
差分放大器(22)，用于根据所述旋转轴的位移放大在所述两个感测电感线圈中所得到的电压之间的电压差，以及
A/D转换器(24)，用于从所述电压差传递位置值。
2.如权利要求1所述的位置检测装置，其中，所述25KHz方波形信号具有50％的占空比。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的位置检测装置，其中，所述电流放大器包括与所述两个感测电感线圈串联连接的达林顿晶体管(18)和两个电阻器(20A、20B)。
4.如权利要求1到3的任一项所述的位置检测装置，其中，所述A/D转换器与所述可编程数字部件连接以将所述转换与所述25KHz方波形信号同步，以获得对应于所述电压差的最大值的位置值。
5.如权利要求1到4的任一项所述的位置检测装置，其中，所述可编程数字部件包含在DSP、微控制器或FGPA中。
CN201510437100.5A 2014-07-28 2015-07-23 主动磁轴承的改进的位置检测装置 Pending CN105318816A (zh)

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EP14306208.1A EP2980429A1 (en) 2014-07-28 2014-07-28 Improved position detection device of amb
EP14306208.1 2014-07-28

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US (1) US9850945B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2980429A1 (zh)
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CN111473049B (zh) * 2020-04-17 2021-08-20 河海大学 一种实心定子磁悬浮励磁电流的控制方法

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