CN105276303B - A kind of novel pipeline that can be taken precautions against leakage and block - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel pipeline capable of preventing leakage and blockage. It can be used as a pipeline for the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, especially for the primary circuit and intermediate circuit of a liquid metal nuclear reactor. When it is used as a pipeline for the primary circuit and intermediate circuit of a liquid metal nuclear reactor , can effectively prevent pipeline leakage and blockage, which is the main purpose and use of the present invention. In addition, a novel pipeline capable of preventing leakage and blockage involved in the present invention can also be used as a pipeline for transporting various liquid and gaseous chemical raw materials and other toxic and harmful substances.

Description

A new type of pipeline that resists leaks and clogs

Technical field The present invention relates to a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage. It can be used as a pipeline for the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, especially the primary circuit and intermediate circuit of a liquid metal nuclear reactor. Pipelines for hazardous substances.

Technical background As we all know, once the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor leaks, it will cause radioactive pollution accidents and pollute the environment. If the primary circuit is seriously damaged and cannot be detected in time, it may lead to a vicious accident in which the reactor loses coolant; especially for liquid metal nuclear reactors, not only a Leakage of the circuit will cause radioactive pollution accidents, and due to the heat dissipation effect of the pipe wall of the primary circuit and the intermediate circuit, when the flow rate of the metal liquid in the circuit is slow, the heat dissipation effect of the pipe wall may reduce the temperature of the metal liquid in the pipe to below the melting point. solidification, resulting in pipeline blockage accidents; in addition, once the pipelines used to transport various liquid and gaseous chemical raw materials and other toxic and harmful substances are damaged, it may also lead to serious environmental pollution accidents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage, which has the following characteristics in addition to the function of conventional pipelines that can transport liquid and gaseous substances. 1. When used in the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, once a leak occurs, an alarm signal can be issued in time and harmful substances can be sealed in a limited confined space; 2. It can be used in the primary and intermediate circuits of a liquid metal nuclear reactor and for transporting other High material, to prevent pipeline blockage caused by the solidification of the material transported in the pipeline due to the heat dissipation effect of the pipeline wall; 3. It can also be used to transport various liquid and gaseous chemical raw materials and other toxic and harmful substances.

The invention relates to a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage. In addition to the working pipeline, it also includes a protective pipeline outside the working pipeline, a left sealing support and a right sealing support for fixing the working pipeline in the protective pipeline, an air intake pipe, Exhaust pipe, pressure measuring parts; the left sealing support and the right sealing support are respectively located at the left and right ends of the protective pipe, together with the working pipe and the protective pipe, the space between the protective pipe and the working pipe becomes a closed space, which can be passed through The intake pipe and exhaust pipe fill the inert gas into the confined space and keep the pressure of the inert gas in the confined space at a set constant value, which is lower than the pressure in the working pipeline and higher than the environment Pressure; when the working pipeline leaks, the leaking substance will be sealed in the closed space and occupy part of the volume in the closed space, resulting in an increase in the pressure of the inert gas in the closed space, and the pressure measuring piece will measure The pressure rise signal indicating the leakage of the working pipeline; when the protective pipeline is damaged and the inert gas leaks, the pressure of the inert gas in the closed space will decrease, and the pressure measuring piece will measure the pressure drop signal indicating the leakage of the protective pipeline. When the material in the working pipeline is liquid metal, the primary circuit and intermediate circuit of the liquid metal nuclear reactor, and for transporting other substances with a higher melting point, the new pipeline also includes a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the inert gas in the closed space , and the inert gas filled in the confined space is a high-temperature gas whose temperature meets the design requirements. When the temperature in the confined space measured by the temperature measuring device is lower than the design value, the high-temperature gas in the confined space can be renewed through the intake pipe and exhaust pipe , so that the temperature of the inert gas in the confined space is always higher than the melting point of the substance in the working pipeline, so as to ensure that the substance in the working pipeline will not be solidified due to the heat dissipation effect of the pipeline wall and cause pipeline blockage accidents.

It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention that the present invention relates to a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage. It can not only transport liquid and gaseous substances like conventional pipelines, but also can seal the leaked substances in the working pipeline when the working pipeline leaks. , the protective pipeline, the left sealing support, and the right sealing support in the confined space, and the signal of the inert gas pressure increase in the confined space is obtained through the pressure measuring device for the control personnel to check and take corresponding measures; similarly, when the protective pipeline is damaged The signal of the inert gas pressure reduction in the confined space can also be obtained through the pressure measuring device for the operator to check and take corresponding measures; when the invention relates to a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage, it is used in the primary circuit and middle of the liquid metal nuclear reactor. When it is used to transport other substances with higher melting point, it also includes a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of the inert gas in the closed space, and the inert gas filled in the closed space is a high-temperature gas whose temperature meets the design requirements, and can be used in When the temperature measuring device measures that the temperature in the confined space is lower than the design value, the high-temperature inert gas in the confined space is renewed through the intake pipe and exhaust pipe, so that the temperature of the inert gas in the confined space is always higher than the melting point of the substance in the working pipeline, Ensure that the working pipeline will not be blocked due to the heat dissipation effect of the pipeline wall; a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and clogging related to the present invention can also be used to transport various liquid and gaseous chemical raw materials and other toxic and harmful substances, especially for use as Seawater and salt spray can be effectively blocked by the protective pipeline and the inert gas in the closed space when transporting such substances on the pipelines of sea-going ships, ensuring that the working pipeline will not cause leakage accidents due to seawater and salt spray corrosion. In addition, since the new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage involved in the present invention includes temperature measuring parts and pressure measuring parts, which can automatically reflect whether the working status of the pipeline is normal, it can greatly reduce the workload for daily maintenance and inspection of pipelines , is an advanced intelligent pipeline.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage according to the present invention, 1 is the protective pipeline, 2 is the intake pipe, 3 is the right sealing support, 4 is the working pipeline, and 5 is the pressure measuring part , 6 is an exhaust pipe, 7 is a left sealing support, 8 is a connecting thread of a working pipeline, 9 is a connecting thread of a protective pipeline, 10 is a temperature measuring part, and 11 is a closed space.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an elbow joint used in a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage related to the present invention, 12 is the upper part of the elbow joint of the protective pipeline, 13 is the lower part of the elbow joint of the protective pipeline, and 14 is the ventilation Support, 15 is the ventilation hole at the ventilating support place to allow inert gas to flow through, and 16 is the elbow of the working pipeline. 9 is the connecting thread of the protective pipeline, and its meaning is exactly the same as the serial number 9 shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of a protective pipeline connection transition section used in a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage according to the present invention, 17 is a protective pipeline connection transition section, 18 is a sealing gasket for a protective pipeline joint, and 19 is The protective pipe fixed joint, 20 is the nut joint of the working pipe, 21 is the fixed joint of the working pipe, 22 is the sealing gasket of the working pipe joint, 23 is the threaded joint of the working pipe, 24 is the threaded joint of the protective pipe, 25 is the dustproof gasket of the protective pipe joint, 26 is a low-hardness heat-resistant sealant, h is the length of the part of the protective pipeline exposed by the working pipeline at the joint of the two sections of pipelines, and H is the length of the transition section 17 connecting the protective pipeline. 14 is ventilation support, and the meaning of identical sequence number shown in Fig. 2 is exactly the same. 4 is a working pipeline, 1 is a protective pipeline, 11 is a closed space, and 3 is a right sealing support, all of which have the same meaning as the same serial number shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 4 is a right sealing section used in a novel pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage related to the present invention. The right sealing section shown in Fig. 4 is changed from the left sealing support 7 shown in Fig. 1 to the ventilation shown in Fig. 2 Except support 14, all the other are identical with Fig. 1, so the meaning of all serial numbers on Fig. 4 is all identical with the meaning of identical serial number shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a left sealing section used in a novel pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage related to the present invention. The left sealing section shown in Fig. 5 is changed from the right sealing support 3 shown in Fig. 1 to the ventilation shown in Fig. 2 Except support 14, all the other are identical with Fig. 1, so the meaning of all serial numbers on Fig. 5 is all identical with the meaning of identical serial number shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a pipeline middle section used in a novel pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage related to the present invention, except that the left sealing support 7 and right sealing support 3 shown in Fig. 1 are changed to Fig. 2 in the middle section of the pipeline shown in Fig. 6 Except for the ventilation support 14 shown, the rest are exactly the same as in Fig. 1, so the meanings of all the serial numbers on Fig. 6 are exactly the same as those of the same serial numbers shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its principle is as follows. (1) The working pipeline 4, the right sealing support 3, the left sealing support 7, and the protective pipeline 1 for transporting liquid and gaseous substances together form a closed space 11. The inert gas enters the closed space 11 through the intake pipe 2, and passes through the exhaust pipe. 6. Exhaust the original gas in the closed space 11, make the closed space 11 full of inert gas that can prevent corrosion, and keep the pressure of the inert gas in the closed space 11 at a designed constant value, which is lower than the working The pressure in the pipe 4 is higher than the ambient pressure. When the working pipeline 4 leaks, the leaked substance will be sealed in the closed space 11 and occupy part of the volume in the closed space 11, thereby causing the pressure of the inert gas in the closed space 11 to rise, and the pressure measuring piece 5 will measure A pressure rise signal indicating a leak in the working line is obtained. When the protective pipeline 1 is damaged and leaks the inert gas, the pressure in the confined space 11 will decrease, and the pressure measuring part will measure a pressure drop signal indicating the leakage of the protective pipeline 1 . (2) When the pipeline is used for the primary circuit and intermediate circuit of a liquid metal nuclear reactor and for transporting other substances with a higher melting point, the inert gas filled in the closed space 11 is a high-temperature gas whose temperature meets the design requirements, and can be used for temperature measurement. When the temperature in the enclosed space measured by the part 10 is lower than the design value, the high-temperature inert gas in the enclosed space 11 is renewed through the intake pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 6, so that the temperature in the enclosed space 11 is always higher than that of the substance in the working pipeline 4. Melting point, to ensure that the material transported in the working pipeline 4 will not be solidified due to the heat dissipation effect of the pipeline wall surface, resulting in pipeline blockage accidents. (3) The pressure measuring part 5 and the temperature measuring part 10 can be installed on the protective pipe 1 as shown in FIG. 1 , or can be installed on the intake pipe 2 or the exhaust pipe 6 . As for the connection of the pressure measuring part 5, the temperature measuring part 10 and the external manipulation control system and the intake pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 6 also need to be connected with the external manipulation control systems such as the intake and exhaust valves, etc., there is no direct connection with the technical characteristics of the present invention. Other issues of relationship need not be elaborated here. (4) When the pipeline is used in a liquid metal nuclear reactor, the inert gas pumped into the confined space 11 should be provided by an external inert gas electric heating system to maintain a constant temperature, and the external inert gas electric heating system should have two or more power sources, except In addition to the power generated by the liquid metal nuclear reactor itself, it should also come from other sources of power including standby diesel generator sets, power grids, or another nuclear reactor, so as to ensure that when the liquid metal nuclear reactor shuts down, the material in the working pipeline 4 still remains. Can be kept above the melting point as needed. For nuclear submarine power, the power sources of the electric heating system should include the liquid metal nuclear reactor, the standby diesel generator set and another small-sized natural circulation pressurized water reactor. (5) For liquid metal nuclear reactors, liquid metal nuclear reactors, intermediate circuit heat exchangers, and steam generators all need to be equipped with electric heating systems to keep the metal coolant in various places in a liquid state before restarting after the reactor shuts down . After the present invention has been adopted, the primary circuit of the liquid metal nuclear reactor can use lead with higher melting point but higher safety to ensure safety, and the lead-bismuth alloy with lower melting point can still be used as for the intermediate circuit so that when the reactor is restarted Reduce the heating temperature required by the steam generator to ensure that the metal coolant in the intermediate circuit in the steam generator can be in a liquid state when the reactor is restarted. (6) Although the 3 items (3), (4) and (5) mentioned here are not directly related to the implementation of a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage that the present invention involves, it is the most important implementation It is related to environmental liquid metal nuclear reactor, so it will be explained together here. The primary circuit and the intermediate circuit of the liquid metal nuclear reactor can be connected by multiple sections of a new type of pipeline that can prevent leakage and blockage, so as to determine the location of the fault after the leakage accident occurs and reduce the length of the pipeline that needs to be replaced.

2nd embodiment. After the right sealing section shown in Figure 4 is connected to the right end of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it forms the second embodiment together with the right sealing support 3 at the right end of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, and the connection method can be as shown in Figure 3 principle shown. In Fig. 3, (1) the working pipeline 4 adopts a conventional connection mode, and is connected together through the working pipeline nut joint 20, the working pipeline fixed joint 21, the working pipeline joint sealing gasket 22, and the working pipeline threaded joint 23; the protective pipeline 1 is Connect the transition section 17, the protective pipe joint sealing gasket 18, the protective pipe fixed joint 19, the protective pipe threaded joint 24, and the protective pipe joint dustproof gasket 25 through the protective pipe, and coat the end of the protective pipe 25 with low hardness Heat resistant sealant 26 to ensure a tight seal. (2) During installation, the working pipeline nut joint 20 is installed on the working pipeline 4 before the working pipeline fixed joint 21; the protective pipeline connection transition section 17 and the protective pipeline joint sealing gasket 18 are installed on the protective pipeline 1 before the protective pipeline fixed joint 19 Above; the protective pipe joint dustproof gasket 25 is installed on the protective pipe 1 prior to the protective pipe threaded joint 24 . The fixed joint 21 of the working pipeline and the threaded joint 23 of the working pipeline can be screwed on the connecting thread 8 of the working pipeline coated with heat-resistant high-strength sealant, or can be fixed by welding; The pipeline threaded joint 24 can be screwed on the protective pipeline connection thread 9 coated with heat-resistant high-strength sealant, or can be fixed by welding. (3) The effect of the protective pipe joint dust-proof gasket 25 is mainly to prevent the low-hardness heat-resistant sealant 26 from being applied to the inner thread of the protective pipe connection transition section 17 to affect disassembly; the protective pipe joint dust-proof gasket 25 is replaced. It can be cut into two sections, and installed on the protective pipeline 1 after coating the adhesive on the cut; when changing the protective pipeline joint sealing gasket 18, the same method as changing the protective pipeline joint dust-proof gasket 25 can also be adopted. In order to ensure the reliability of the seal, a low-hardness heat-resistant sealant 26 can be applied to both ends of the protective pipe connection transition section 17; when the protective pipe connection transition section 17 is removed, the low-hardness heat-resistant sealant 26 can be removed The rotation protection pipe connects the transition section 17 . (4) It should be pointed out that in order to facilitate the connection of the working pipeline 4, at the junction of the two sections of pipelines, the working pipeline 4 needs to expose the part outside the protective pipeline 1; the length H of the protective pipeline connection transition section 17 must be greater than two sections. The length h of the part where the working pipeline 4 exposes the protective pipeline 1 at the section pipeline connection. (5) The connection of the two sections of protective pipeline 1 can also adopt a simpler method, that is, omit the protective pipeline fixed joint 19, the protective pipeline threaded joint 24, the protective pipeline joint dustproof gasket 25, and the protective pipeline joint sealing ring 18, only Use the protective pipe connection transition section 17 to connect, and apply low-hardness heat-resistant sealant 26 on both ends of the connected protective pipe connection transition section 17 to ensure sealing. (6) For the two sections of working pipeline 4, the simplest connection method is to directly weld them together, but generally the detachable connection method shown in Figure 3 is better

3rd embodiment. After the left sealing section shown in Fig. 5 is connected with the left end of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the third embodiment is formed together with the left sealing support 7 at the left end of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 . Similarly, the connection method can adopt a principle similar to that described in the second embodiment.

4th embodiment. The left and right ends of the middle section of the pipeline shown in FIG. 6 are respectively connected with the left and right ends of the two embodiment pipelines shown in FIG. 1 to constitute the fourth embodiment. Similarly, the connection method can adopt a principle similar to that described in the second embodiment.

5th embodiment. After the right sealing section shown in Figure 4 removed the exhaust pipe 6, its left end was connected with the right end of the left sealing section shown in Figure 5 where the intake pipe 2 was removed to form the 5th embodiment. Similarly, the connection method can adopt a principle similar to that described in the second embodiment.

Sixth embodiment. When the elbow joint shown in Figure 2 is connected in the middle of the left sealing section of the intake pipe 2 and the right sealing section of the exhaust pipe 6 described in the fifth embodiment, the sixth embodiment is formed. an example. Similarly, the connection method can adopt a principle similar to that described in the second embodiment. For the elbow joint shown in Figure 2, the working pipeline elbow 16 is installed on the two ventilation supports 14 at both ends of the elbow joint, and the lower part 13 of the protective pipeline elbow joint is installed on the working pipeline elbow 16 and the ventilation supports 14 at both ends. Finally, process the protective pipeline connection thread 9 after being welded together with the protective pipeline elbow joint top 12, and the vent hole 15 is used for the circulation of the inert gas.

Seventh embodiment. After removing the inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 6 in the middle section of the pipeline shown in Figure 6, connect the left sealing section where the inlet pipe 2 is removed and the right sealing section where the exhaust pipe 6 is removed as described in the fifth embodiment After the middle of the two, the 7th embodiment has just been formed. Similarly, the connection method can adopt a principle similar to that described in the second embodiment.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of pipeline that can be taken precautions against leakage and block, including for conveying the service pipe (4) of liquid gaseous material, its feature It is：It also includes the interior left side for being used to fix service pipe (4) of protection pipeline (1), protection pipeline (1) outside service pipe (4) Sealing support (7) and right sealing support (3), air inlet pipe (2), blast pipe (6), pressure measuring piece (5)；Respectively positioned at protection pipeline (1) The left sealing support (7) of left and right ends and right sealing support (3) are together with service pipe (4), protection pipeline (1), by instrumentation tubes Space between road (4) and protection pipeline (1) becomes a confined space (11), can be incited somebody to action by air inlet pipe (2) and blast pipe (6) Inert gas is filled with the confined space (11) and the pressure of confined space (11) the interior inert gas is maintained at a setting Steady state value, the steady state value of the setting is less than the pressure in service pipe (4) and is higher than environmental pressure；When service pipe (4) is let out Leak materials will be closed in confined space (11) and occupy the partial volume in confined space (11) during leakage, so as to cause The pressure rise of confined space (11) interior inert gas, at this moment pressure measuring piece (5) will measure represent service pipe (4) leakage pressure Power raises signal；It will cause confined space (11) interior inert gas when protecting when pipeline (1) is damaged to occur inert gas leakage Pressure reduce, at this moment pressure measuring piece (5) will measure represent protection pipeline (1) leakage pressure drop low signal.

2. a kind of pipeline that can be taken precautions against leakage and block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：When it is used for liquid metal core Reactor-loop and intermediate loop and during for conveying liquid metal lead, it is described a kind of to take precautions against leakage and block Pipeline also includes being used for the temperature measuring element (10) for measuring confined space (11) interior inert gas temperature, and is filled with confined space (11) Interior inert gas is the high-temperature gas that temperature meets design requirement, and the temperature in confined space (11) can be measured in temperature measuring element (10) By the high-temperature gas in air inlet pipe (2) and blast pipe (6) renewal confined space (11) when degree is less than design load, make confined space (11) temperature of interior inert gas is consistently higher than the fusing point of service pipe (4) interior material, ensures the thing of conveying in service pipe (4) Matter will not cause service pipe (4) that blocking accident occurs because pipeline wall cooling effect solidifies.

3. a kind of pipeline that can be taken precautions against leakage and block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：It also includes anti-for connecting The protection pipeline connection changeover portion (17) in pillar road (1), needs exposed portion protecting in two segment pipe junction service pipes (4) The outside of pipeline (1), the length H of protection pipeline connection changeover portion (17) expose more than two segment pipe junction service pipes (4) The length h of pipeline (1) part is protected, in order to the connection of two sections of service pipes (4).