CN104811003B - A kind of electric machine structure for reducing interior permanent magnet machines magnet steel eddy-current loss - Google Patents
A kind of electric machine structure for reducing interior permanent magnet machines magnet steel eddy-current loss Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及永磁电机领域，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种降低内置式永磁电机磁钢涡流损耗的电机结构。The invention relates to the field of permanent magnet motors, more specifically, the invention relates to a motor structure for reducing the eddy current loss of magnet steel of built-in permanent magnet motors.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，内置式永磁同步电机，由于其具有高效率，高功率密度等优点，已经被广泛运用于新能源汽车行业。但是，对于内置式电机，永磁体一般为全封闭结构，转子散热条件不好；在高速运行时，由于齿谐波和磁路结构不对称等原因所产生的永磁体涡流损耗将导致永磁体升温，影响传感器的工作精度和转子的结构强度，使得电机的效率降低，严重时甚至会造成永磁体的不可逆失磁，这对于永磁电机来说是致命的。其中集中式绕组的内置式永磁同步电机，由于其具有较大的定子槽距，因此磁钢涡流损耗问题最为严重。所以有必要探索降低磁钢涡流损耗的方法。对此，国内外学者都做了不少研究。In recent years, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor has been widely used in the new energy automobile industry due to its advantages of high efficiency and high power density. However, for the built-in motor, the permanent magnet is generally a fully enclosed structure, and the rotor heat dissipation condition is not good; when running at high speed, the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet due to tooth harmonics and magnetic circuit structure asymmetry will cause the permanent magnet to heat up , affecting the working accuracy of the sensor and the structural strength of the rotor, reducing the efficiency of the motor, and even causing irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet, which is fatal to the permanent magnet motor. Among them, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor with centralized winding has the most serious problem of magnetic steel eddy current loss due to its large stator slot pitch. So it is necessary to explore ways to reduce the eddy current loss of magnetic steel. In this regard, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research.
对于永磁电机来说，减小转子磁钢涡流损耗最常用的方法就是磁钢分段，磁钢分段可以分为永磁体的轴向分段和周向分段。然而，定转子结构以及定子槽数、槽口宽度、气隙长度、屏蔽层、定子齿开辅助槽气隙、转子表面开辅助槽、永磁体摆放方式等等因素的变化也可以影响转子磁钢涡流损。例如，针对集中式绕组的内置式永磁电机，可以通过增大定转子之间磁路磁阻的方法来降低磁钢涡流损耗的办法，但磁路磁阻增大的同时，电机转矩也有所降低。电机转矩是电机的重要性能之一，转矩降低会影响电机的性能。For permanent magnet motors, the most common method to reduce the eddy current loss of the rotor magnet is the magnet segment, which can be divided into the axial segment and the circumferential segment of the permanent magnet. However, changes in the structure of the stator and rotor, the number of stator slots, the width of the slot, the length of the air gap, the shielding layer, the air gap of auxiliary slots on the stator teeth, the auxiliary slots on the surface of the rotor, and the placement of permanent magnets can also affect the rotor magnetism. Steel eddy current loss. For example, for the built-in permanent magnet motor with concentrated winding, the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel can be reduced by increasing the reluctance of the magnetic circuit between the stator and the rotor. However, when the reluctance of the magnetic circuit increases, the torque of the motor also decreases. lowered. The motor torque is one of the important properties of the motor, and the reduction of the torque will affect the performance of the motor.
所以，现有技术中还没有提出一种特别有效的能够降低内置式永磁电机磁钢涡流损耗的方案。Therefore, a particularly effective solution for reducing the eddy current loss of the magnets of the built-in permanent magnet motor has not been proposed in the prior art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在上述缺陷，提供一种能够在不影响电机的性能的情况下降低内置式永磁电机磁钢涡流损耗的电机结构，从而使得能够提升电机效率，减少电机转子温升。其中，通过定子偏心齿设计和转子内部磁阻条设计增大磁路磁阻的方法来降低磁钢涡流损耗，达到减少电机温升和提升电机效率的目的。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a motor structure that can reduce the eddy current loss of the built-in permanent magnet motor without affecting the performance of the motor, so as to improve the efficiency of the motor. , to reduce the motor rotor temperature rise. Among them, the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel is reduced by increasing the reluctance of the magnetic circuit through the design of the eccentric teeth of the stator and the design of the reluctance strip inside the rotor, so as to reduce the temperature rise of the motor and improve the efficiency of the motor.
为了实现上述技术目的，根据本发明，提供了一种降低内置式永磁电机磁钢涡流损耗的电机结构，包括：转子和定子；其中所述转子包括周向上分隔开的多个永磁体，每个永磁体的周向侧壁上布置有隔磁桥，其中隔磁桥的周向侧壁上形成有周向延伸的磁阻条。In order to achieve the above technical purpose, according to the present invention, a motor structure for reducing the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel of the built-in permanent magnet motor is provided, including: a rotor and a stator; wherein the rotor includes a plurality of permanent magnets separated in the circumferential direction, A magnetic isolation bridge is arranged on the circumferential side wall of each permanent magnet, wherein a magnetic resistance strip extending in the circumferential direction is formed on the circumferential side wall of the magnetic isolation bridge.
优选地，所述定子包括绕组以及在周向上处于绕组之间的齿部，其中所述齿部为偏心齿。Preferably, the stator includes windings and teeth between the windings in the circumferential direction, wherein the teeth are eccentric teeth.
优选地，磁阻条的延伸长度介于永磁体的长度的十分之一至三十分之一之间。Preferably, the extension length of the magnetic resistance strip is between one-tenth and one-thirtieth of the length of the permanent magnet.
优选地，磁阻条的延伸长度介于永磁体10的长度的十五分之一至二十分之一之间。Preferably, the extension length of the magnetic resistance strip is between one fifteenth and one twentyth of the length of the permanent magnet 10 .
优选地，磁阻条固定于隔磁桥的周向侧壁的中央位置。Preferably, the magnetic resistance strip is fixed at the central position of the circumferential side wall of the magnetic isolation bridge.
优选地，磁阻条的形状是矩形条状。Preferably, the shape of the magnetoresistive strip is a rectangular strip.
优选地，磁阻条的形状是圆柱形状。Preferably, the shape of the magnetoresistive strip is cylindrical.
优选地，永磁体为矩形结构。Preferably, the permanent magnet has a rectangular structure.
附图说明Description of drawings
结合附图，并通过参考下面的详细描述，将会更容易地对本发明有更完整的理解并且更容易地理解其伴随的优点和特征，其中：A more complete understanding of the invention, and its accompanying advantages and features, will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1示意性地示出了电机磁链分布。Figure 1 schematically shows the motor flux distribution.
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的电机结构的六分之一电机3D模型。Fig. 2 schematically shows a 3D model of a sixth motor of a motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的电机结构的部分电机2D模型。Fig. 3 schematically shows a partial motor 2D model of the motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图4示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的隔磁桥优化的局部平面结构图。Fig. 4 schematically shows a partial plane structure diagram of an optimized magnetic isolation bridge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的定子齿部偏心设计的局部结构图。Fig. 5 schematically shows a partial structural view of the eccentric design of stator teeth according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图6示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的定子齿部偏心设计的原理解释平面结构图。Fig. 6 schematically shows the principle explanatory plan view of the eccentric design of the stator teeth according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图7示意性地示出了根据现有技术的均匀气隙平面结构图。Fig. 7 schematically shows a plane structure diagram of a uniform air gap according to the prior art.
图8示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的不均匀气隙平面结构图。Fig. 8 schematically shows a plane structure diagram of an uneven air gap according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
需要说明的是，附图用于说明本发明，而非限制本发明。注意，表示结构的附图可能并非按比例绘制。并且，附图中，相同或者类似的元件标有相同或者类似的标号。It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Note that drawings showing structures may not be drawn to scale. And, in the drawings, the same or similar elements are marked with the same or similar symbols.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的内容更加清楚和易懂，下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明的内容进行详细描述。In order to make the content of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the content of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
本发明的发明人根据研究发现，可以通过定子偏心齿设计和转子内部磁阻条设计以增大磁路磁阻的方法来降低磁钢涡流损耗，并且使得电机转矩没有明显降低。According to research, the inventors of the present invention found that the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel can be reduced by designing the eccentric teeth of the stator and the internal reluctance strips of the rotor to increase the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, and the motor torque is not significantly reduced.
具体地，永磁体涡流损耗来源为:(1)PWM(脉冲宽度调制)逆变器所携带的谐波电流；(2)定子齿谐波；(3)转子旋转造成的永磁体上磁链的变化。对于集中式绕组的内置式永磁电机来说，磁钢涡流损耗主要来自于转子旋转造成的永磁体上磁链的变化。如图1所示，其中示出了电机六分之一maxwell 2D模型磁链分布图，如图1中箭头所示，可以看出磁链从定子穿过永磁体间的隔磁桥进入转子。因此，考虑可以通过增大这条磁路的磁阻来减小永磁体上的涡流损耗。Specifically, the source of permanent magnet eddy current loss is: (1) harmonic current carried by PWM (pulse width modulation) inverter; (2) stator tooth harmonic; (3) flux linkage on permanent magnet caused by rotor rotation Variety. For the built-in permanent magnet motor with concentrated winding, the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel mainly comes from the change of the flux linkage on the permanent magnet caused by the rotation of the rotor. As shown in Figure 1, it shows the flux linkage distribution diagram of one-sixth of the maxwell 2D model of the motor. As shown by the arrow in Figure 1, it can be seen that the flux linkage enters the rotor from the stator through the magnetic isolation bridge between the permanent magnets. Therefore, it is considered that the eddy current loss on the permanent magnet can be reduced by increasing the reluctance of this magnetic circuit.
由上述叙述可知，只要增加磁路磁阻就可以降低永磁体涡流损耗，但磁阻增大的同时电机转矩也随之降低了。It can be seen from the above description that the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet can be reduced as long as the reluctance of the magnetic circuit is increased, but the torque of the motor decreases with the increase of the reluctance.
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的电机结构的六分之一电机3D模型，图3示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的电机结构的六分之一电机2D模型。而且图4示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的隔磁桥优化示意平面结构图。如图2、图3和图4所示，在本发明优选实施例中，可以在原有的隔磁桥上加了一条磁阻条，解决了转矩降低的问题。Fig. 2 schematically shows a 1/6 motor 3D model of a motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 schematically shows a 1/6 motor 2D of a motor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Model. Moreover, FIG. 4 schematically shows an optimized schematic planar structure diagram of a magnetic isolation bridge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reluctance strip can be added to the original magnetic isolation bridge to solve the problem of torque reduction.
即，根据本发明优选实施例的电机结构包括转子100和定子200，其中所述转子100包括周向上分隔开的多个永磁体10，每个永磁体10的周向侧壁上布置有隔磁桥20，其中隔磁桥20的周向侧壁上形成有周向延伸的磁阻条30。That is, the motor structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a rotor 100 and a stator 200, wherein the rotor 100 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 10 separated in the circumferential direction, and spacers are arranged on the circumferential side walls of each permanent magnet 10. The magnetic bridge 20 , wherein the magnetic resistance strips 30 extending in the circumferential direction are formed on the circumferential side walls of the magnetic bridge 20 .
优选地，如图2、图3和图4所示，永磁体10为矩形结构。Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the permanent magnet 10 is a rectangular structure.
其中,对于磁阻条30的具体结构，磁阻条30和隔磁桥20，其内部都是空气或者真空，没有硅钢片。Wherein, regarding the specific structure of the magnetic resistance strip 30, the interior of the magnetic resistance strip 30 and the magnetic isolation bridge 20 are all air or vacuum, without silicon steel sheets.
针对图3的结构的有限元计算结果显示电机转矩并未降低，而涡流损耗却大大降低了。且经过有限元仿真分析，磁阻条越长、越宽，涡流损耗越小，但是考虑到转子的应力分析，要合适选取磁阻条的长度和宽度，否则转子硅钢片可能会甩飞。优选地，磁阻条30的延伸长度介于永磁体10的长度的十分之一至三十分之一之间。进一步优选地，磁阻条30的延伸长度介于永磁体10的长度的十五分之一至二十分之一之间。The finite element calculation results for the structure in Fig. 3 show that the motor torque is not reduced, but the eddy current loss is greatly reduced. And after finite element simulation analysis, the longer and wider the magnetic resistance strip, the smaller the eddy current loss. However, considering the stress analysis of the rotor, the length and width of the magnetic resistance strip should be properly selected, otherwise the rotor silicon steel sheet may be thrown off. Preferably, the extension length of the magnetic resistance strip 30 is between one-tenth and one-thirtieth of the length of the permanent magnet 10 . Further preferably, the extension length of the magnetic resistance strip 30 is between one-fifteenth and one-twentieth of the length of the permanent magnet 10 .
本发明的上述增加磁阻条30的结构改进可适用于各种电机型号，因此本发明并不限于具体的磁阻条尺寸。对于磁阻条的位置，为实现最大的对称效应，优选地磁阻条固定于隔磁桥的周向侧壁的中央位置。而且，例如，磁阻条30的形状可以是矩形条状的磁阻条或者圆柱形状的磁阻条。The structural improvement of adding the reluctance strip 30 of the present invention is applicable to various types of motors, so the present invention is not limited to the specific size of the reluctance strip. As for the position of the magnetic resistance strip, in order to achieve the maximum symmetrical effect, the magnetic resistance strip is preferably fixed at the central position of the circumferential side wall of the magnetic isolation bridge. Also, for example, the shape of the magnetic resistance strip 30 may be a rectangular strip-shaped magnetic resistance strip or a cylindrical magnetic resistance strip.
另一方面，气隙长度越大，涡流损耗越小，因此可以通过增大气隙来增加磁阻，但相应的电机转矩也降低很多。由此，本发明的发明人考虑对定子齿部利用偏心距设计来间接增大气隙长度的方法进行优化。On the other hand, the larger the air gap length, the smaller the eddy current loss, so the reluctance can be increased by increasing the air gap, but the corresponding motor torque is also reduced a lot. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention considered optimizing the method of indirectly increasing the length of the air gap by using the eccentricity design of the stator teeth.
具体地，如图2、图3所示，所述定子200包括绕组40以及在周向上处于绕组40之间的齿部50，其中所述齿部50为偏心齿。Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the stator 200 includes windings 40 and teeth 50 located between the windings 40 in the circumferential direction, wherein the teeth 50 are eccentric teeth.
在具体实施例中，定子齿部偏心设计可以如图5中原齿表示的现有技术以及偏心齿所表示本发明实施例之间的比较所示；而且如图6所示，A为圆心，B为偏心圆圆心，AB为偏心距，C和D为定子齿端部，以B为圆心，C为起点，D为终点画圆弧即为偏心齿。原理上，偏心距越大，降耗效果越好，但要保证电机转矩不能降低太多，要选择合适的偏心距。针对具体的电机，可以选择适当的具体尺寸。In a specific embodiment, the eccentric design of the stator teeth can be shown in the comparison between the prior art represented by the original teeth in Figure 5 and the embodiment of the present invention represented by the eccentric teeth; and as shown in Figure 6, A is the center of the circle, and B is the center of the eccentric circle, AB is the eccentric distance, C and D are the ends of the stator teeth, with B as the center, C as the starting point, and D as the end point, drawing an arc is the eccentric tooth. In principle, the larger the eccentricity, the better the consumption reduction effect, but it is necessary to ensure that the motor torque cannot be reduced too much, and an appropriate eccentricity must be selected. For a specific motor, an appropriate specific size can be selected.
如图7，图7为直接增大气隙长度方案(下文统称方案1)，因此气隙是均匀的，图8为偏心齿设计方案(下文统称方案2)，气隙为不均匀气隙。可以明显看出，当图8中最大气隙长度与图7中的均匀气隙长度相同时，方案2的平均气隙长度是小于方案1的均匀气隙长度的，而有限元所计算的涡流损耗值却小于方案1(气隙长度越大，涡流损耗越小)，或接近相等(偏心程度很小时近似于均匀气隙)，转矩也略大于方案1，可见方案2效果更佳。As shown in Figure 7, Figure 7 is a scheme for directly increasing the length of the air gap (hereinafter collectively referred to as Scheme 1), so the air gap is uniform, and Figure 8 is a design scheme for eccentric teeth (hereinafter collectively referred to as Scheme 2), and the air gap is an uneven air gap. It can be clearly seen that when the maximum air gap length in Figure 8 is the same as the uniform air gap length in Figure 7, the average air gap length of scheme 2 is smaller than the uniform air gap length of scheme 1, and the eddy current calculated by finite element The loss value is smaller than Scheme 1 (the larger the air gap length, the smaller the eddy current loss), or nearly equal (approximately uniform air gap when the degree of eccentricity is small), and the torque is also slightly greater than Scheme 1. It can be seen that Scheme 2 has a better effect.
本发明在原有的隔磁桥上加了一条磁阻条，解决了转矩降低的问题，对定子齿部利用偏心距设计来间接增大气隙长度的方法进行优化，较直接增大气隙长度的方法，转矩降低的较少。由此，本发明的有益技术效果至少包括：(1)降低了磁钢上涡流损耗；(2)保证了单机转矩不降低或者仅仅轻微降低；(3)提升了电机效率，降低了电机温升。The present invention adds a magnetic resistance strip to the original magnetic isolation bridge, which solves the problem of torque reduction, optimizes the method of indirectly increasing the length of the air gap by using the eccentricity design of the stator teeth, and directly increases the length of the air gap. method, the torque is reduced less. Thus, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention include at least: (1) reducing the eddy current loss on the magnetic steel; (2) ensuring that the single machine torque is not reduced or only slightly reduced; (3) improving the motor efficiency and reducing the temperature of the motor. Lift.
本发明利用增大磁路磁阻降低损耗的原理，对转子内部磁钢隔磁桥和定子齿部进行了改进，在降低磁钢涡流损耗的同时保证了电机的转矩不变或者降低的很小。由此，本发明克服了集中式绕组的内置式永磁电机磁钢涡流损耗问题，提出定子偏心齿设计和转子内部磁阻条设计来增大磁路磁阻，从而降低磁钢涡流损耗，并达到降低电机温升提升电机效率的目的。The invention uses the principle of increasing the reluctance of the magnetic circuit to reduce the loss, and improves the magnetic steel magnetic isolation bridge and the stator teeth inside the rotor, so as to reduce the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel and at the same time ensure that the torque of the motor remains unchanged or is greatly reduced. small. Thus, the present invention overcomes the problem of the eddy current loss of the built-in permanent magnet motor with centralized windings, and proposes the design of the eccentric teeth of the stator and the design of the internal reluctance strips of the rotor to increase the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, thereby reducing the eddy current loss of the magnet, and To achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature rise of the motor and improving the efficiency of the motor.
此外，需要说明的是，除非特别说明或者指出，否则说明书中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等描述仅仅用于区分说明书中的各个组件、元素、步骤等，而不是用于表示各个组件、元素、步骤之间的逻辑关系或者顺序关系等。In addition, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or pointed out, the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and other descriptions in the specification are only used to distinguish each component, element, step, etc. in the specification, and It is not used to represent the logical relationship or sequential relationship between various components, elements, and steps.
可以理解的是，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上，然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明。对于任何熟悉本领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案作出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。It can be understood that although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, the technical content disclosed above can be used to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or be modified to be equivalent to equivalent changes. Example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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