CN104492400A - 一种水处理吸附剂及其制备方法、应用和硬脂酸丁酯的应用 - Google Patents
一种水处理吸附剂及其制备方法、应用和硬脂酸丁酯的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水处理吸附剂及其制备方法、应用和硬脂酸丁酯的应用,属于废水处理领域。该水处理吸附剂由水溶性聚亚烷基二醇、钛酸钾、二氧化硅、硬脂酸丁酯、蔗渣、安息香二乙醚和水反应得到,在废水处理过程中以固态形式存在,可回收利用,不会对水体造成二次污染。本发明利用紫外辐射的方法对蔗渣进行改性,然后反应生成聚合纤维类水处理吸附剂,变废为宝,吸附能力强,方便回收,经酸性溶液冲洗后可重复利用,成本低,水处理效果好;本发明的制备方法具有设计合理,操作简单的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废水处理领域,更具体地说,涉及一种水处理吸附剂及其制备方法、应用和硬脂酸丁酯的应用。
背景技术
热处理是将金属材料放在一定的介质内加热、保温、冷却,通过改变材料表面或内部的金相组织结构来控制其性能的一种金属热加工工艺。热处理前道工序过程十分复杂,前有锻造、铸造、车、洗、刨、磨、清洗,后有回火、退火、抛丸、清洗等工艺,每道工序都会接触到冷却油或淬火油,这些冷却油或淬火油在前清洗或后清洗过程中汇集在清洗槽中,产生含油量较高的热处理废水,含油废水的处理一直是废水处理领域内的难点,此外,热处理废水中含油组分复杂,还含有清洗剂(主要为阴离子表面活性剂(LAS))、铁锈、粉尘颗粒、碳酸钠、磷酸盐、铝盐、脂肪酸、氢氧化钠等物质,这给热处理废水的处理过程又增加了难度。热处理过程中产生的废水COD含量高,成分复杂,常规的沉降、絮凝无法处理,而且处理过程中如若投入更多的物质进行化学反应使得水质更加复杂,处理难度更大,这些热处理废水如不及时进行分离处理,势必会对水资源及土壤等造成污染,威胁环境及人类健康。因热处理企业产生的废水量较电镀、造纸、染印、油漆、农药等行业产生的废水量少,所以目前环保部门以及生产企业在热处理废水的处理领域投入的研究比较少,现有技术中没有合适的废水处理工艺适用于热处理废水的处理。
经检索,中国专利申请公开号为CN 101279786 A,申请日期为2007年4月4日的专利申请文件公开了一种含油废水的处理方法,该发明是针对炼油厂含油废水、油田采油废水的处理方法,先将破乳剂A投入含油废水中,经破乳反应后,再将絮凝剂B投入含油废水中;破乳剂A是一种季铵型的阳离子聚合物,絮凝剂B是一种以磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺为主要成分的胶体水溶液;经该发明的方法处理后的含油废水,特别是炼油厂含油废水、油田采油废水,可以满足后续生化处理的工艺指标要求,但是该发明提供的含油废水处理方法不适合于热处理过程中产生的废水,因为炼油厂和油田采油废水中组分简单,只含有废油,因此处理起来比较容易,此外,该发明中提供的处理方法不能将废水中的油回收利用,这势必会造成资源的浪费,而且处理完含油废水后还会产生大量的废破乳剂和絮凝剂,这也是一种污染和浪费。中国专利申请公开号为CN 102276072 A,申请日期为2010年6月11日的专利申请文件公开了一种用破乳剂进行碱性含油废水的处理方法,主要步骤包括:制备破乳剂,将破乳剂加入一次破乳罐中进行一次充分搅拌,通过一次涡凹气浮处理,处理后的水进入二次破乳罐中进行二次破乳,进入气浮池进行二次溶气气浮处理,高效率处理碱性含油废水。但是该发明提供的碱性含油废水的处理方法比较简单,不适合于热处理过程中产生的废水,热处理工艺中产生的废水成分复杂,目前还没有研究报道相关废水处理方法。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有热处理废水处理工艺存在处理方法不成熟、处理效果差等问题,本发明提供一种水处理吸附剂及其制备方法、应用和硬脂酸丁酯的应用。本发明的水处理吸附剂在热处理废水经过破乳后加入废水中,可有效吸附废水中的凝胶类、重金属类污染物,使水质得到显著的改善;本发明提供的制备方法制备得到的水处理吸附剂在废水中以固态形式存在,可回收利用,不会使废水成分变的更复杂,使废水处理效果提高了至少25%。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种水处理吸附剂,其组成成分及各组分的质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇6-15份,钛酸钾3-7份,二氧化硅8-15份,硬脂酸丁酯8-15份,蔗渣50-80份,安息香二乙醚0.5-1份,水1-2份。
优选地,所述的各组分质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇10份,钛酸钾5份,二氧化硅10份,硬脂酸丁酯10份,蔗渣70份,安息香二乙醚0.8份,水1.4份。
上述的一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)按质量份数称取50-80份蔗渣粉碎后与1-2份水、0.5-1份安息香二乙醚在反应皿中混合均匀,然后置于100-500W紫外灯下进行辐射改性;
(2)按质量份数称取6-15份水溶性聚亚烷基二醇,3-7份钛酸钾,8-15份二氧化硅,8-15份硬脂酸丁酯依次加入步骤(1)中的反应皿中,在60-80℃条件下搅拌反应2-5h;
(3)反应结束后,将反应物移至压片机中压成饼状,然后冷却至室温,得到上述的水处理吸附剂。
优选地,所述的步骤(1)中紫外辐射时间为3-10min。
优选地,所述的步骤(2)中在65℃条件下搅拌反应3h。
优选地,所述的步骤(3)中将5-10份反应物在5-15KN条件下压1-2min得到饼状水处理吸附剂。
蔗渣在水处理吸附剂中的应用。
硬脂酸丁酯在废水处理中的应用。
前面所述的一种水处理吸附剂在金属热处理废水中的应用。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供了一种水处理吸附剂,以蔗渣为载体,经改性后与水溶性聚亚烷基二醇、钛酸钾、二氧化硅和硬脂酸丁酯交联反应,在热处理废水处理过程中能高效吸附凝胶类、重金属类污染物,使水质得到显著的改善;
(2)本发明的水处理吸附剂在废水处理过程中以固态形式存在,可回收利用,不会使废水成分变的更复杂,使废水处理效果提高了至少25%;
(3)本发明的水处理吸附剂以蔗渣为原料制备得到,变废为宝,水处理效果好,经济效益高,值得推广应用;
(4)本发明以紫外辐射的方法对蔗渣进行改性,使蔗渣分子上的基团活化,然后与水溶性聚亚烷基二醇、钛酸钾、二氧化硅和硬脂酸丁酯进行交联反应得到一种水处理吸附剂,通过本方法制备的吸附剂吸附能力强,方便回收,经酸性溶液冲洗后可重复利用,成本低,水处理效果好;
(5)本发明的水处理吸附剂其组分中化学物质简单,不会对水体造成二次污染,本发明的制备方法,设计合理,操作简单。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1
一种水处理吸附剂,其组成成分及各组分的质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇10份,钛酸钾5份,二氧化硅10份,硬脂酸丁酯10份,蔗渣70份,安息香二乙醚0.8份,水1.4份。
为了得到上述物质,一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)按质量份数称取70份蔗渣粉碎后与1.4份水、0.8份安息香二乙醚在反应皿中混合均匀,然后置于300W紫外灯下照射5min进行辐射改性;
(2)按质量份数称取10份水溶性聚亚烷基二醇(生产厂家:武汉新大地环保材料有限公司),5份钛酸钾(生产厂家:大塚化学株式会社,产品名:钛丝毛),10份二氧化硅,10份硬脂酸丁酯依次加入步骤(1)中的反应皿中,在65℃条件下搅拌反应3h;
(3)反应结束后,将反应物移至压片机中压成饼状,每6份反应物在10KN条件下压1.5min得到饼状水处理吸附剂,然后冷却至室温,得到上述的水处理吸附剂。
本实施例中的水处理吸附剂稳定性好,耐储存,避光干燥保存2年后不变质,在废水处理过程中吸附能力强,方便回收,经酸性溶液冲洗后可重复利用,成本低,水处理效果好。
将本实施例制备的水处理吸附剂用于处理热处理工艺中产生的废水的预处理,热处理工艺中产生的废水在处理前,含乳化油10kg/t,磷酸盐100g/t,氢氧化钠150g/t,氯化钠50g/t,脂肪酸50g/t,阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)10g/t,三聚磷酸钠0.01g/t,钙离子0.018g/t,以及铝、镁、钾等金属盐类,PH值为10-11,处理的步骤为:
(a)将热处理工艺中产生的废水泵入沉淀池中静置沉淀1h;
(b)将静置后的废水引入反应池中,加入破乳剂混合均匀后用质量分数为0.5%的盐酸将废水的pH值调节至7.5,然后静置25min,其中,破乳剂由烷基酚醛树脂嵌段聚醚与聚磷酸酯组成,烷基酚醛树脂嵌段聚醚与聚磷酸酯的质量比为1:2.5,破乳剂的加入量为废水质量的2%;
(c)静置结束后,向步骤(b)中的废水中加入本实施例的吸附剂;静置1.5h,吸附剂与废水的质量比为0.06:1。
经以上的处理方法处理后,废水中油类物质为15g/t,磷离子0.3g/t,钠离子0.6g/t,钙、铝、镁、钾离子≤0.001g/t,PH值为7,成份简单化,后续处理简单。
实施例2
一种水处理吸附剂,其组成成分及各组分的质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇6份,钛酸钾3份,二氧化硅8份,硬脂酸丁酯8份,蔗渣50份,安息香二乙醚0.5份,水1份。
为了得到上述物质,一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)按质量份数称取50份蔗渣粉碎后与1份水、0.5份安息香二乙醚在反应皿中混合均匀,然后置于100W紫外灯下照射10min进行辐射改性;
(2)按质量份数称取6份水溶性聚亚烷基二醇,3份钛酸钾,8份二氧化硅,8份硬脂酸丁酯依次加入步骤(1)中的反应皿中,在60℃条件下搅拌反应5h;
(3)反应结束后,将反应物移至压片机中压成饼状,每5份反应物在5KN条件下压2min得到饼状水处理吸附剂,然后冷却至室温,得到上述的水处理吸附剂。
本实施例中的水处理吸附剂稳定性好,耐储存,避光干燥保存3年后不变质,在废水处理过程中吸附能力强,方便回收,经酸性溶液冲洗后可重复利用,成本低,水处理效果好。
将本实施例制备的水处理吸附剂用于处理热处理工艺中产生的废水的预处理,热处理工艺中产生的废水在处理前,含乳化油10kg/t,磷酸盐100g/t,氢氧化钠150g/t,氯化钠50g/t,脂肪酸50g/t,阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)10g/t,三聚磷酸钠0.01g/t,钙离子0.018g/t,以及铝、镁、钾等金属盐类,PH值为10-11,处理的步骤为:
(a)将热处理工艺中产生的废水泵入沉淀池中静置沉淀2h;
(b)将静置后的废水引入反应池中,加入破乳剂混合均匀后用质量分数为1%的盐酸将废水的pH值调节至6,然后静置20min,破乳剂由烷基酚醛树脂嵌段聚醚与聚磷酸酯组成,烷基酚醛树脂嵌段聚醚与聚磷酸酯的质量比为1:1.5,破乳剂的加入量为废水质量的1%;
(c)静置结束后,向步骤(b)中的废水中加入本实施例的吸附剂;静置1h,吸附剂与废水的质量比为0.02:1。
经以上的处理方法处理后,废水中油类物质为21g/t,磷离子0.8g/t,钠离子3.0g/t,钙、铝、镁、钾离子≤0.001g/t,PH值为6,成份简单化,后续处理简单。
实施例3
一种水处理吸附剂,其组成成分及各组分的质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇15份,钛酸钾7份,二氧化硅15份,硬脂酸丁酯15份,蔗渣80份,安息香二乙醚1份,水2份。
为了得到上述物质,一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)按质量份数称取80份蔗渣粉碎后与2份水、1份安息香二乙醚在反应皿中混合均匀,然后置于500W紫外灯下照射3min进行辐射改性;
(2)按质量份数称取15份水溶性聚亚烷基二醇,7份钛酸钾,15份二氧化硅,15份硬脂酸丁酯依次加入步骤(1)中的反应皿中,在80℃条件下搅拌反应2h;
(3)反应结束后,将反应物移至压片机中压成饼状,每10份反应物在15KN条件下压1min得到饼状水处理吸附剂,然后冷却至室温,得到上述的水处理吸附剂。
本实施例中的水处理吸附剂稳定性好,耐储存,避光干燥保存2年后不变质,在废水处理过程中吸附能力强,方便回收,经酸性溶液冲洗后可重复利用,成本低,水处理效果好。
Claims (9)
1.一种水处理吸附剂,其组成成分及各组分的质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇6-15份,钛酸钾3-7份,二氧化硅8-15份,硬脂酸丁酯8-15份,蔗渣50-80份,安息香二乙醚0.5-1份,水1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水处理吸附剂,其特征在于:所述的各组分质量份数为:水溶性聚亚烷基二醇10份,钛酸钾5份,二氧化硅10份,硬脂酸丁酯10份,蔗渣70份,安息香二乙醚0.8份,水1.4份。
3.权利要求1中所述的一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)按质量份数称取50-80份蔗渣粉碎后与1-2份水、0.5-1份安息香二乙醚在反应皿中混合均匀,然后置于100-500W紫外灯下进行辐射改性;
(2)按质量份数称取6-15份水溶性聚亚烷基二醇,3-7份钛酸钾,8-15份二氧化硅,8-15份硬脂酸丁酯依次加入步骤(1)中的反应皿中,在60-80℃条件下搅拌反应2-5h;
(3)反应结束后,将反应物移至压片机中压成饼状,然后冷却至室温,得到权利要求1中所述的水处理吸附剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(1)中紫外辐射时间为3-10min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(2)中在65℃条件下搅拌反应3h。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任意一项所述的一种水处理吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(3)中将5-10份反应物在5-15KN条件下压1-2min得到饼状水处理吸附剂。
7.蔗渣在水处理吸附剂中的应用。
8.硬脂酸丁酯在废水处理中的应用。
9.权利要求1所述的一种水处理吸附剂在金属热处理废水中的应用。
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| CN105271496A (zh) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-27 | 苏州书瑞环保科技有限公司 | 一种纳米环保水处理沉降剂及其制备方法 |
| CN105817209A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-03 | 张能力 | 一种活性炭水处理复合吸附剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107486164A (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-19 | 河南师范大学 | 一种zif‑8@fp复合吸附材料的制备方法及其在吸附净化处理含铜废水中的应用 |
| CN107486164B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-12-20 | 河南师范大学 | 一种zif-8@fp复合吸附材料的制备方法及其在吸附净化处理含铜废水中的应用 |
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