CN1043453C - 一种含有氧乐果和敌百虫的乳油 - Google Patents
一种含有氧乐果和敌百虫的乳油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种防治农作物病虫害的二元复配杀虫剂-40%氧乐·敌乳油。它是选择有互相增效和负交互抗性关系的氧乐果和敌百虫,再配以有效量乳化剂、助剂、溶剂等复配而成。该产品是一种高效、广谱的新型杀虫剂,它具有强烈的触杀、胃毒、内吸、熏蒸作用,并对鳞翅目各类幼虫也有一定的防生性破坏作用。
Description
本发明涉及一种防治农作物病虫害的农药新品种-40%氧乐·敌乳油及其配制方法和该乳油的应用。
近年来。作物的病虫害日趋严重,用于防治作物的蚜虫、螨虫等病虫害的农药种粪很多,有机磷类、菊脂类、氨基甲酸脂类等。这些农药在杀灭害虫,保护农作物方面在一定时期内起到了重要作用。但是,由于长期使用某一种单剂农药,使得害虫遗传基因产生异变,逐渐产生了具有适应某一单剂农药的有效致命基因作用的抗药性,给防治作物病虫害的工作带来了极大困难。鉴于现在几乎没有一种农药单剂能够较好地防治有抗药性的害虫,广大农民迫切需要一种更高效的农药新品种。为了有效解决作物病虫害这一难题,除了培育抗病品种,加强田间管理外,开发杀虫效果好的农药是当务之急。然而。合成一处新的农药从化学合成研究到结构的探讨,从杀虫机理到毒理研究,从室内试验到大田试验。需要几年或十几年的时间,周期长,远远不能解决当前农作物防治病虫害的燃眉之急。
本发明的目的就是为了克服现有技术中的不足之处,根据目前农药的使用情况和病虫害的抗性情况,利用某些农药的互相增效作用和负交互抗性关系来阻止抗性基因的复制、扩大。在国内多种杀虫剂中进行筛选、复配,本着提高药效、减少毒性、减少残毒污染、降低成本的原则,经过一系列室内和田间试验,筛选出了有广谱,高效的复配农药新品种-40%氧乐·乳油。
本发明根据不同品种单剂及混合后的药效进行筛选。
l、杀虫剂的选择
a、供试农药品种;40%氧乐果乳油、90%晶体敌百虫。
b、供试生物:小麦蚜虫。
c、复配筛选试验:当两种农药混配后,它对生物体的联合毒力作用很复杂,一般有三种情况;(1)药剂混合后的毒力比鼻单毒剂使用的毒力总和大,选种作用称增效作用。(2)混合后的毒力比备单剂单独使用的毒力总和小,这种作用称拮抗作用。(3)混合后的毒力与单剂毒力总和相近,这种作用称相加作用。
单剂理论毒力指数=单剂实测毒力指数×单剂在混配中的含量混剂理论毒力指数=各单剂的理论毒力指数之和。
根据共毒系数的理论,当共毒系数大于200时,有显示增效作用,在150-200之间有一定的增效作用,若70-150间有相加作用。若小于70为拮抗作用。经测定氧乐果和敌百虫混合后共毒系数为197,达显著增效水平。(详见附表)
表1
| 药剂 | ZD/50ug/头 | 共毒系数 |
| 40%氧乐果乳油 | 8.45×10-3 | |
| 90%敌百虫晶体 | 8.5×10-2 | |
| 40%氧乐·敌乳油 | 3.89×10-2 | 197.8 |
综上所述,本发明的内容是两种农药经复配后有显著的增效和负抗性作用。两种原药经混合后再配以适量乳化剂、助剂、溶剂等构成复配农药新品种-40%氧乐·敌乳油。
该发明的关键是两种单剂农药和助溶剂的选择及配比的确定。
本发明的成份范围是:
氧乐果20-25%(重量)
敌百虫20-25%(重量)
乳化剂6-15%(重量)
助剂8-15%(重量)
溶剂30-45%(重量)
各组分总和100%(重量)。
本发明是将两种农药原药依次计量后,抽入反应釜内搅拦,再依次加入一定量乳化剂、助剂、溶剂等,搅拌均匀,质量检验合格后,即得到棕色油状液体40%氧乐·乳油。检测结果详见表2。
表2
| 测试项目 | 技术要求 | 测试结果 |
| 外观 | 棕色油状液体,无可见悬浮物和沉淀 | 合格 |
| 氧乐果含量% | ≥20.0 | 20.5 |
| 敌百虫含量% | ≥20.0 | 20.7 |
| 水分含量% | ≤0.5 | 0.18 |
| 酸度(以H2SO4计) | ≤0.5 | 0.37 |
| 乳液稳定性(稀释200倍) | 合格 | 合格 |
| 低温稳定性 | 合格 | 合格 |
| 热藏稳定性 | 合格 | 合格 |
2、复配制剂的理化性能
(1)乳化性
良好的乳化性能是保证农作物均匀吸收,提高杀虫效果的主要指标之一。按照GB1603农药乳液的稳定性测定方法,在标准硬水条件下,稀释2000倍观察乳化结果,均无浮油和沉淀析出。试验表明,复配制剂的乳化性能良好,可以在有效的防治效果内以任何比例稀释。
(2)低温稳定性:按GB9557标准测定,低温稳定性符合要求。
(3)热贮稳定性:按GB9557测定,符合标准要求。
3、40%氧乐·敌乳油毒性测定
(1)急性经口毒性测定以霍恩氏法,根据农药毒性分级标准判定该农药经口毒性为中等毒级。
(2)粘膜刺激试验方法依据卫监发(91)第17号文试验结果表明:
①急性眼刺激高极分指数为47.32。
②4日后平均指数仍为47.32,7日后受测动物无复迹现象。
③根据粘膜刺激性标准,属中等刺激性。
④经皮毒性测定以霍恩氏法,根据农药急性、毒性分级标准测定,该农药经皮毒性为低毒。
为验证本发明40%氧乐·敌乳油的药效及其有效剂量,施药方法对作物的安全性,为大面积生产应用提供科学数据,现对小麦蚜虫药效实验如下:
①供试药剂:40%氧乐·敌乳油、40%氧乐果乳油、90%晶体的敌百虫。
②试验设计:试验小区面积0.1亩,6个处理4次重复共24个小区。
③试验区排列:试验药剂、对照药剂和空白对照各随机排列,区间及周围设保护行。
4.防效调查
(1)调查方法:每小区随机标定10点,查100株,分别记载蚜虫数量,计算蚜虫校正防效。
(2)调查时间和次数:施药前查虫基数。施药后1天、3天、7天,调查蚜虫数,共调查4次。(见表3)
表3
| 各处理 | 药后1天防效(%) | 药后3天防效(%) | 药后7天防效(%) |
| 40%氧乐·敌乳油1500倍液 | 80.8 | 92.5 | 95 |
| 40%氧乐果乳油1000倍液 | 70.4 | 85 | 90 |
| 90%晶体敌百虫1000倍液 | 45 | 56.2 | 68 |
(3)药害调查:观察施药后15天内40%氧乐·敌乳油对作物生长无不良影响,从表2可以看出,本发明和已有技术相比有以下显著特点:第一、40%氧乐·敌乳油明显高于单剂防效。第二、试药剂对作物及操作人员和作物无异常反应,农民使用方便、安全。第三、本药剂具有较高的防效,并解决了抗性,减少了用药量,降低了成本。第四、本发明适用于小麦、棉花、玉米、豆类、烟草、果木,花卉及部分瓜菜作物前期超低量使用,还可有效防治麦蚜、棉蚜、吸桨虫、粘虫、造桥虫、青虫、棉铃虫、红蜘蛛、玉米暝、螨类等。第五、40%氧乐·敌乳油是一种高效、广谱的新型杀虫剂,它具有强烈的触杀,胃毒、内吸、熏蒸作用,并对鳞翅且各类幼虫也有一定的防生性破坏作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种含有氧乐果和敌百虫作为有效成分的杀虫剂乳油,能防治小麦、棉花蚜虫,其特征在于,它的成分和含量如下:
氧乐果20-25%(重量)
敌百虫20-25%(重量)
乳化剂6-15%(重量)
助剂8-15%(重量)
溶剂30-45%(重量)
各组分总和100%(重量)
2.根据权利要求1的杀虫剂乳油,其中,有效成分的含量为40%。
3.根据权利要求1的杀虫剂乳油,其中,氧乐果含量为20%,敌百虫含量为20%。
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD248728A1 (de) * | 1986-05-09 | 1987-08-19 | Fettchemie Karl Marx Stadt Veb | Insektizide spruehmittel |
| CN1060387A (zh) * | 1991-08-19 | 1992-04-22 | 太原市红星制药厂 | 氯氧敌乳油 |
| CN1067553A (zh) * | 1992-07-09 | 1993-01-06 | 胡文均 | 敌氧菊酯乳油 |
| CN1070795A (zh) * | 1992-08-08 | 1993-04-14 | 胡文均 | 氧乐硫磷农药复配剂 |
| RO107803B1 (ro) * | 1990-10-01 | 1994-01-31 | Inst De Cercetari Si Amenajari | Compoziție insecticidă, sinergetică |
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1997
- 1997-07-17 CN CN97112261A patent/CN1043453C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD248728A1 (de) * | 1986-05-09 | 1987-08-19 | Fettchemie Karl Marx Stadt Veb | Insektizide spruehmittel |
| RO107803B1 (ro) * | 1990-10-01 | 1994-01-31 | Inst De Cercetari Si Amenajari | Compoziție insecticidă, sinergetică |
| CN1060387A (zh) * | 1991-08-19 | 1992-04-22 | 太原市红星制药厂 | 氯氧敌乳油 |
| CN1067553A (zh) * | 1992-07-09 | 1993-01-06 | 胡文均 | 敌氧菊酯乳油 |
| CN1070795A (zh) * | 1992-08-08 | 1993-04-14 | 胡文均 | 氧乐硫磷农药复配剂 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 农药混用与混剂 1987.1.1 张瑞亭,化学工业出版社 * |
| 农药登记公告95 1996.1.1 农业部农药检定所50%敌畏氧乐系油 * |
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