CN104164214A - 可用作热传递组合物的组合物 - Google Patents
可用作热传递组合物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104164214A CN104164214A CN201410197247.7A CN201410197247A CN104164214A CN 104164214 A CN104164214 A CN 104164214A CN 201410197247 A CN201410197247 A CN 201410197247A CN 104164214 A CN104164214 A CN 104164214A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- QJMGASHUZRHZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)CCl QJMGASHUZRHZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CNNJBYUJTYGLGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(Cl)C(F)(F)F CNNJBYUJTYGLGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 HFO-1243zf Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 35
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OMMADTGFNSRNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)CCl OMMADTGFNSRNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZPIFKCVYZBVZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCl ZPIFKCVYZBVZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCl CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- SCDLWHGUKGDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SCDLWHGUKGDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- PLTIOZOVDUUXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(Cl)Cl PLTIOZOVDUUXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DLBXNAOGOGPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)F DLBXNAOGOGPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 86
- SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 28
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZDCWZRQSHBQRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)C(F)(F)F ZDCWZRQSHBQRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
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- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC=CC(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ILJQUKRTBVYTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)C=CCl ILJQUKRTBVYTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YVOASHYXFVSAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)F YVOASHYXFVSAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEWUXLHWYRSHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)F JEWUXLHWYRSHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMUPRXJDJIEFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl MMUPRXJDJIEFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGFIGGVCQHKDOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F YGFIGGVCQHKDOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJGXPVLCSICDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F KJGXPVLCSICDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)C(F)(F)F BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRVIDSRWPUGFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(F)(F)F VRVIDSRWPUGFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUFSJRPTJJPPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PUFSJRPTJJPPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021630 Antimony pentafluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001546602 Horismenus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical class F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了可用作热传递组合物的组合物,其包含HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf、HCFC-244db和/或HFO-1234yf以及至少一种附加化合物。包含HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf、和/或HCFC-244db的组合物可用于制备HFO-1234yf的方法中。除了其它用途以外,包含HFO-1234yf的组合物还可用作冷藏、空调和热力泵系统中的热传递组合物。
Description
本申请是以下申请的分案申请:申请日2009年5月7日,申请号200980116292.2,发明名称“包含2,3-二氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷、2-氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烯、2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷或2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的组合物”。
技术领域
本发明公开内容涉及组合物领域,所述组合物可用作液体或气体形式的热传递组合物、气溶胶推进剂、发泡剂、鼓泡剂、溶剂、清洁剂、载体流体、替代型干燥剂、抛光研磨剂、聚合反应介质、聚烯烃和聚氨酯的膨胀剂、气体电介质、灭火剂和防燃剂。具体地讲,本发明公开内容涉及可用作热传递组合物的组合物,如2,3,3,3,-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf或1234yf),或包含2,3-二氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷(HCFC-243db或243db)、2-氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233xf或1233xf)或2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷(HCFC-244bb)的组合物。
背景技术
环境新规定引发对可用于制冷、空调和热力泵设备中的新型组合物的需要。低全球变暖潜能组合物尤其受到关注。
发明内容
申请人在制备此类新型低全球变暖潜能化合物如1234yf时已发现,某些附加化合物以少量存在。
因此,根据本发明,提供了包含HFO-1234yf和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HFO-1234ze、HFO-1243zf、HCFC-243db、HCFC-244db、HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-234ab、HCFC-243fa、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HFC-1141、HCFO- 1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。所述组合物包含小于约1重量%的所述至少一种附加化合物。
包含HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf、和/或HCFC-244db的组合物可用于制备HFO-1234vf的方法中。因此,除了其它化合物以外,包含1234vf的组合物可能还包含一定量的HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf、和/或HCFC-244db。
因此,根据本发明,提供了包含HCFC-243db和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1234ze、HFO-1336、HCFC-244bb、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1242zf、HCFC-253fb、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。所述组合物可包含大于零重量%至约99重量%之间的任何含量的HCFC-243db。
此外,根据本发明,还提供了包含HCFO-1233xf和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1232xd、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-233ab、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-244bb、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。所述组合物可包含大于零重量%至约99重量%之间的任何含量的HCFO-1233xf。
此外,根据本发明,提供了包含HCFC-244bb和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1232xd、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-233ab、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HFC-245eb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。所述组合物可包含大于零重量%至约99重量%之间的任何含量的HCFC-244bb。
附图说明
图1是显示由243db制备HFO-1234vf的反应示意图。
具体实施方式
已提出使用HFO-1234vf作为制冷剂、热传递流体、气溶胶推进剂、泡沫膨胀剂等用途。有利的是,还已发现,HFO-1234vf具有低全球变暖潜势(GWP),如V.C.Papadimitriou等人在2007年“Physical ChemistrvChemical Physics”第9卷第1-13页所报导的。因此,HFO-1234vf是替代较高GWP的饱和HFC制冷剂的优秀候选物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明公开内容提供了包含HFO-1234vf和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HFO-1234ze、HFO-1243zf、HCFC-243db、HCFC-244db、HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-234ab、HCFC-243fa、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HFO-1141、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、HFC-227ca。
在一个实施方案中,附加化合物在包含HFO-1234vf的组合物中的总量在大于0重量%至小于1重量%的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,存在于HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf和HCFC-244bb中的杂质将在制备HFO-1234vf的反应期间保持不变,因此它们被包含在附加化合物中。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明公开内容提供了包含HCFC-243db和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1234ze、HFO-1336、HCFC-244bb、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1242zf、HCFC-253fb、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。
在一个实施方案中,附加化合物在包含HCFC-243db的组合物中的总量在大于零重量%至约99重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约80重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合 物总量在约1重量%至约50重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约30重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约10重量%范围内。
在一些实施方案中,HCFC-243db的某些前体化合物包含出现在HCFC-243db中的杂质。在其它实施方案中,附加化合物经由这些前体杂质的反应生成。在其它实施方案中,制得HCFC-243db的反应条件还生成副产物,这意味着根据制得HCFC-243db的具体条件,有供选择的反应途径可生成附加化合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明公开内容提供了包含HCFO-1233xf和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1232xd、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-233ab、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-244bb、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、HFC-227ca。
在一个实施方案中,附加化合物在包含HCFO-1233xf的组合物中的总量在大于零重量%至约99重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约80重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约50重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约30重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约10重量%范围内。
在一些实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf的某些前体化合物包含出现在HCFO-1233xf中的杂质。在其它实施方案中,附加化合物经由这些前体杂质的反应生成。在其它实施方案中,制得HCFO-1233xf的反应条件还生成副产物,这意味着根据制得HCFO-1233xf的具体条件,有供选择的反应途径可生成附加化合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明公开内容提供了包含HCFC-244bb和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1232xd、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-233ab、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1243zf、 HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1336、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HFC-245eb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、HFC-227ca。
在一个实施方案中,附加化合物在包含HCFC-244bb的组合物中的总量在大于零重量%至约99重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约80重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约50重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约30重量%范围内。在另一个实施方案中,附加化合物总量在约1重量%至约10重量%范围内。
在一些实施方案中,HCFC-244bb的某些前体化合物包含出现在HCFC-244bb中的杂质。在其它实施方案中,附加化合物经由这些前体杂质的反应生成。在其它实施方案中,制得HCFC-244bb的反应条件还产生副产物,所述副产物随后出现在HCFC-243db组合物中,这意味着根据制得HCFC-244bb的具体条件,有可供选择的反应途径可生成附加化合物。
本文所公开的包含HFO-1234yf的组合物可用作液体或气体形式的低全球变暖潜能(GWP)热传递组合物、气溶胶推进剂、发泡剂、鼓泡剂、溶剂、清洁剂、载体流体、替代型干燥剂、抛光研磨剂、聚合反应介质、聚烯烃和聚氨酯的膨胀剂、气体电介质、灭火剂和防燃剂。所公开的组合物可用作工作流体,用于将热量从热源运送到散热器。此类热传递组合物还可用作循环中的制冷剂,其中流体经历相变;即,从液体变为气体,并且再变回液体,或者反之亦然。
热传递体系的实例包括但不限于空调、冷冻机、冷藏机、热力泵、水冷却器、满液式蒸发冷却器、直接膨胀式冷却器、步入式冷藏柜、热力泵、移动式冷藏机、移动式空调装置以及它们的组合。
如本文所用,移动式冷藏机设备、移动式空调设备或移动式加热设备是指结合到公路、铁路、海洋或空中运输装置中的任何冷藏机、空调或加热设备。此外,移动式冷藏或空调装置包括独立于任何移动载体并被称为“联合运输”体系的那些设备。此类联合运输体系包括“集装箱”(海路/陆路联合运输)以及“可折卸货厢”(公路/铁路联合运输)。
如本文所用,固定式热传递体系是附连在或连接在任何类型建筑之中或之上的体系。这些固定式应用可以是固定式空调和热力泵(包括但不限于冷却器,高温热力泵,住宅、商业或工业空调体系,并且包括窗式冷却器、无管式冷却器、导管式冷却器、整体式末端冷却器以及在建筑外部但与建筑连接的那些诸如屋顶体系)。在固定式制冷应用中,所公开的组合物可用于设备中,所述设备包括商业、工业或住宅冷藏机和冷冻机、制冰机、整体式冷却机和冷冻机、满液式蒸发冷却器、直接膨胀式冷却器、步入式和手取式冷却机和冷冻机以及体系的组合。在一些实施方案中,所公开的组合物可用于超市冷藏机体系中。
组成所公开组合物的化合物定义于表1中。
表1
| 代码 | 结构 | 化学名称 |
| CH2=CH2 | 乙烯 | |
| CFC-13 | CF3Cl | 氯三氟甲烷 |
| HFC-23 | CHF3 | 三氟甲烷 |
| HCFC-133a | CF3CH2Cl | 2-氟-1,1,1-三氟乙烷 |
| HFO-134 | CHF2CHF2 | 1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷 |
| HFO-134a | CF3CH2F | 1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷 |
| HFC-143a | CF3CH3 | 1,1,1-三氟乙烷 |
| HFC-152a | CHF2CH3 | 1,1-二氟乙烷 |
| HFC-227ca | CF3CF2CHF2 | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-233ab | CF3CCl2CH2Cl | 1,2,2-三氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-234ab | CF3CCl2CH2F | 2,2-二氯-1,1,1,3-四氟丙烷 |
| HFC-236fa | CF3CH2CF3 | 1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-243fa | CF3CH2CHCl2 | 3,3-二氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-243db | CF3CHClCH2Cl | 2,3-二氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-244bb | CF3CFClCH3 | 2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-244db | CF3CHClCH2F | 2-氯-1,1,1,3-四氟丙烷 |
| HFC-245fa | CF3CH2CHF2 | 1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷 |
| HFC-245cb | CF3CF2CH3 | 1,1,1,2,2-五氟丙烷 |
| HFC-245eb | CF3CHFCH2F | 1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷 |
| HCFC-253fb | CF3CH2CH2Cl | 3-氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烷 |
| HFC-254fb | CF3CH2CH2F | 1,1,1,3-四氟丙烷 |
| HCO-1130 | CHCl=CHCl | E-和/或z-1,2-二氯乙烯 |
| HCO-1130a | CCl2=CH2 | 1,1-二氯乙烯 |
| HCFC-1131 | CHF=CHCl | E-和/或z-1-氯-2-氟乙烯 |
| HFO-1141 | CHF=CH2 | 氟乙烯 |
| HCFO-1223xd | CF3CCl=CHCl | 1,2-二氟-3,3,3-三氟丙烯 |
| HCFO-1233zd | CF3CH=CHCl | E-和/或z-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯 |
| HCFO-1233xf | CF3CCl=CH2 | 2-氯-1,1,1-三氟丙烯 |
| HFO-1234yf | CF3CF=CH2 | 2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯 |
| HFO-1234ze | CF3CH=CHF | E-和/或z-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯 |
| HCFO-1242zf | CClF2CH=CH2 | 3-氯-3,3-二氟丙烯 |
| HFO-1243zf | CF3CH=CH2 | 1,1,1-三氟丙烯(TFP) |
| HFO-1336 | C4H2F6 | E-和/或z-六氟丁烯 |
HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf和HCFC-244bb得自特定的化学品生产商,包括SynQuest Laboratories,Inc.(Alachua,FL,U.S.A.),或者可如本文所述制得。例如,HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf和HCFC-244bb可由HFO-1243zf的非催化氯化反应制得,如2008年5月8日公布的国际专利申请公布WO2008/054782中所述。HCFO-1233xf和HCFC-244bb还可由243db的催化氟化反应制得,如2008年5月8日公布的国际专利申请公布WO2008/054781中所述。每种公开组合物中存在的附加化合物将取决于制备方法。
在一些实施方案中,HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf或HCFC-244bb的某些前体化合物包含杂质,所述杂质随后作为附加化合物出现于所述组合物中。在其它实施方案中,这些前体化合物自身可在243db生成期间反应产生附加化合物,所述附加化合物接着出现在HCFC-243db组合物中。在其它实施方案中,制得HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf或HCFC-244bb的反应条件还生成副产物,这意味着可能同时发生附加的反应途径,生成不同于HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf或HCFC-244bb的化合物,并且这些附加化合物的量和本体将取决于制备HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf或HCFC-244bb的具体条件。
在一个实施方案中,HFO-1234vf可由HCFC-243db一步制得。在另一个实施方案中,可以分步的方式实施所述反应序列。在另一个实施方案中, HCFO-1233xf可由HCFC-243db制得,然后可将HCFO-1233xf直接转化成HFO-1234yf。在另一个实施方案中,HCFC-244bb可由HCFC-243db制得,然后HCFC-244bb可被转化成HFO-1234yf。
HFO-1243zf的氟氯化反应
在一些实施方案中,HFO-1243zf可通过氟氯化反应,用于制备HCFC-243db、HCFO-1233xf、HCFC-244db和/或HFO-1234yf。HFO-1243zf可从E.I.DuPont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,DE,USA)商购获得。
氟氯化反应可在液相或汽相中进行。就本发明的液相实施方案而言,HFO-1243zf与HF和Cl2的反应可在以间歇、半间歇、半连续或连续方式运作的液相反应器中进行。在间歇方式中,使HFO-1243zf、Cl2和HF在高压釜或其它适宜反应容器中混合,并且加热至所需的温度。
在一个实施方案中,通过将Cl2加入到包含HF和HFO-1243zf的液相反应器中,或通过将HFO-1243zf和Cl2加入到包含HF的液相反应器中,或通过将Cl2加入到包含HF和反应产物的混合物中,以半间歇的方式实施此反应,所述反应产物通过初始时加热HFO-1243zf和HF形成。在另一个实施方案中,可将HF和Cl2加入到包含HFO-1243zf和反应产物混合物的液相反应器中,所述反应产物通过使HF、Cl2和HFO-1243zf反应而生成。在液相方法的另一个实施方案中,可以所需的化学计量比将HF、Cl2和HFO-1243zf同时加入到包含HF和反应产物混合物的反应器中,所述反应产物通过使HF、Cl2和HFO-1243zf反应而生成。
HF和Cl2与HFO-1243zf在液相反应器中反应的适宜温度在一个实施方案中为约80℃至约180℃,并且在另一个实施方案中为约100℃至约150℃。更高的温度通常获得更大的HFO-1243zf转化率。
加入到液相反应器中的HF与HFO-1243zf总量的适宜摩尔比在一个实施方案中为至少化学计量比,并且在另一个实施方案中为约5∶1至约100∶1。值得注意的是其中HF与HFO-1243zf摩尔比为约8∶1至约50∶1的实施方案。加入到液相反应器中的Cl2与HFO-1243zf总量的适宜摩尔比为约1∶1至约2∶1。
液相方法中的反应器压力不是关键性的,并且在间歇反应中通常为反应温度下的体系自生压力。体系压力随着氯化氢的形成而增加,所述氯化氢 通过氯对氢取代基的取代反应,以及通过原料和中间体反应产物中的氟对氯取代基的取代反应生成。在连续方法中,可能以一定的方式设定反应器压力,使得低沸点的反应产物如HCl、HFO-1234yf(CF3CF=CH2)、E/Z-1234ze(E/Z-CF3CH=CHF)、和HFC-245cb(CF3CF2CH3)可任选通过填充柱或冷凝器从反应器中排出。如此,高沸点的中间体保留于反应器中,并且挥发性产物被移出。典型的反应器压力为约20psig(138kPa)至约1,000psig(6,895kPa)。
在其中采用液相方法实施反应的一些实施方案中,可使用的催化剂包括碳、AlF3、BF3、FeCl3-aFa(其中a=0至3)、负载在碳上的FeX3、SbCl3-aFa、AsF3、MCl5-bFb(其中b=0至5,并且M=Sb、Nb、Ta或Mo)、和M’Cl4-cFc(其中c=0至4,并且M’=Sn、Ti、zr或Hf)。在另一个实施方案中,用于液相方法中的催化剂是MCl5-bFb(其中b=0至5,并且M=Sb、Nb或Ta)。
在另一个实施方案中,HF和Cl2与HFO-1243zf的反应在汽相中进行。通常使用热反应器。许多反应器构型是可以接受的,包括水平或垂直取向的反应器,并且HFO-1243zf与HF和Cl2的各种反应顺序也是可以接受的。在本发明的一个实施方案中,初始时可将HFO-1243zf汽化,然后以气体形式加入到反应器中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,在汽相反应器中反应之前,可任选在Cl2的存在下使HFO-1243zf与HF在前置反应器中接触。在一个实施方案中,前置反应器可以是空的。在另一个实施方案中,用适宜的填料填充反应器,如可以商标从Special Metals Corp.(New Hartford,New York)商购获得的镍-铜合金(下文称为)、可以商标从Haynes International(Kokomo,Indiana)商购获得的镍基合金(下文称为 )、或其它镍合金车屑或金属丝,或可使HFO-1243zf和HF蒸汽有效混合的对HCl和HF呈惰性的其它材料。
前置反应器的适宜温度在一个实施方案中为约80℃至约250℃,在另一个实施方案中为约100℃至约200℃。大于约100℃的温度致使一些HFO-1243zf转化成具有更高氟化度的化合物。更高的温度致使进入到反应器中的HFO-1243zf转化率更大,并且转化化合物的氟化度更大。例如,在这些条 件下,HF、Cl2与HFO-1243zf的混合物转化成主要包含HCFC-243db和HCFC-244db(CF3CHClCH2F)的混合物。
氟化度反映了取代HFO-1243zf以及它们氯化产物中氯取代基的氟取代基数。例如,HCFC-253fb呈现比HCC-250fb更高的氟化度,而HFO-1243zf呈现比HCO-1240zf更高的氟化度。
前置反应器中HF与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比在一个实施方案中约为HF与HFO-1243zf总量的化学计量比至约50∶1。在另一个实施方案中,前置反应器中HF与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比约为HF与HFO-1243zf总量化学计量比的两倍至约30∶1。在另一个实施方案中,HF与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比是前置反应器中所呈现的,并且不将额外量的HF加入到汽相反应区域中。
在另一个实施方案中,在汽相反应器中反应之前,可任选在HF的存在下,使HFO-1243zf与Cl2在前置反应器中接触。
本发明此实施方案中前置反应器的适宜温度为约80℃至约250℃,优选约100℃至约200℃。在这些条件下,至少一部分HFO-1243zf转化成HCFC-243db。更高的温度通常致使HFO-1243zf的卤化度更高。
卤化度反映了卤代丙烷和/或卤代丙烯产物中的卤素取代基(氯与氟)总数。例如,HFO-1234yf具有比HFO-1243zf(即3)更高的卤化度(即4)。
Cl2与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比在一个实施方案中为约0.5∶1至约2∶1。在另一个实施方案中,Cl2与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比为约1.1∶1至约1∶1。
在一个实施方案中,任选在HF的存在下,将HFO-1243zf气化,并且与HF和Cl2一起,加入到前置反应器或汽相反应器中。
汽相反应的适宜温度为约120℃至约500℃。约250℃至约350℃的温度有利于HFO-1234yf和HFC-245cb的形成。约350℃至约450℃的温度有利于HFO-1234ze、HFC-245fa和HCFO-1233zd的形成。在约250℃至约450℃温度下,还生成某些HCFO-1233xf。更高的温度致使HFO-1243zf的转化率更大,并且转化化合物的氟化度和卤化度更高。
汽相反应器的适宜反应器压力可为约1至约30个大气压。约15至约25个大气压的压力可有利地用于促使HCl与其它反应产物分离,并且适宜的反应时间可在约1秒至约120秒,优选约5秒至约60秒之间变动。
汽相反应中HF与HFO-1243zf总量的摩尔比在一个实施方案中约为HF与HFO-1243zf总量的化学计量比至约50∶1,并且在另一个实施方案中为约10∶1至约30∶1。
在一个实施方案中,在HF和Cl2与HFO-1243zf汽相反应的反应区域中使用催化剂。可用于汽相反应的氯氟化反应催化剂包括碳;石墨;氧化铝;氟化氧化铝;氟化铝;碳负载氧化铝;碳负载氟化铝;碳负载氟化氧化铝;氟化铝负载氟化镁;金属(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物、和/或其它金属盐);氟化铝负载金属;氟化氧化铝负载金属;氧化铝负载金属;和碳负载金属;金属混合物。
适用作催化剂的金属(任选负载在氧化铝、氟化铝、氟化氧化铝或碳上)包括铬、铁、钴、镍、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂、锰、铼、钪、钇、镧、钛、锆和铪、铜、银、金、锌和/或原子序数为58至71的金属(即镧系金属)。在一个实施方案中,当在载体上使用时,所述催化剂的总金属含量按所述催化剂总重量计为约0.1重量%至约20重量%;在另一个实施方案中,按所述催化剂总重量计为约0.1重量%至约10重量%。
汽相反应的适宜氯氟化催化剂包括含铬催化剂,包括氧化铬(III)(Cr2O3);Cr2O3以及负载在Cr2O3上的其它金属如卤化镁或卤化锌;碳负载卤化铬(III);任选负载在石墨上的铬与镁的混合物(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物和/或其它金属盐);以及任选负载在石墨、氧化铝或卤化铝如氟化铝上的铬与其它金属的混合物(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物和/或其它金属盐)。
含铬催化剂是本领域熟知的。这类催化剂可通过沉淀法或浸渍法制备,如Satterfield在“Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice”第2版第87至112页(McGraw-Hill,New York,1991)中的一般性描述。
值得注意的是包含至少一种含铬组分的氯氟化反应催化剂,所述含铬组分选自其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子%至约6原子%的铬原子被三价钴原子取代的晶体α-氧化铬,以及其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子%至约6 原子%的铬原子被三价钴原子取代的已用氟化剂处理过的晶体α-氧化铬。这些催化剂(包括它们的制备)已公开于美国专利申请公布US2005/0228202中。
任选可用HF预处理包含金属的上述催化剂。可通过例如将含金属催化剂放置于适宜的容器中,然后使HF通过所述含金属催化剂上方,来实施此预处理。在一个实施方案中,此类容器可以是用于进行氯氟化反应的反应器。在一个实施方案中,预处理时间为约15至约300分钟,并且预处理温度为约200℃至约450℃。
在一个实施方案中,产物混合物包含HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、HCFO-1233zd和HCFO-1233xf。
在一个实施方案中,可在氯氟化反应中生成的具有比五氟丙烷更高卤化度和/或氟化度的卤代丙烷副产物包括CF3CCl2CF3(CFC-216aa)、CF3CClFCClF2(CFC-216ba)、CF3CClFCF3(CFC-217ba)、CF3CF2CClF2(CFC-217ca)、CF3CHFCF3(HFC-227ea)、CF3CF2CHF2(HFC-227ca)、CF3CClFCHF2(HCFC-226ba)、CF3CF2CHClF(HCFC-226ca)、CF3CHClCF3(HCFC-226da)、CF3CCl2CHF2(HCFC-225aa)、CF3CClFCHClF(HCFC-225ba)、CF3CF2CHCl2(HCFC-225ca)、CF3CCl2CClF2(CFC-215aa)、CF3CClFCCl2F(CFC-215bb)、CF3CCl2CCl2F(HCFC-214ab)、CF3CCl2CHClF(HCFC-224aa)、和CF3CClFCHCl2(HCFC-224ba)。
在一个实施方案中,可在氯氟化反应中生成的具有比四氟丙烯更高卤化度的卤代丙烯副产物包括CF3CCl=CHCl(HCFO-1223xd)。
在一个实施方案中,所述产物包含HCFC-243db和至少一种附加化合物,所述附加化合物选自乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1243zf、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HFO-1234ze、HFO-1336、HCFC-244db、HFC-245fa、HFC-245cb、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFO-1242zf、HCFC-253fb、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。
在由本发明方法制得的产物混合物包含(i)产物化合物HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、HCFO-1233zd和HCFO-1233xf, (ii)HF、HCl和Cl2,(iii)高沸点副产物如CF3CHClCH2Cl(HCFC-243db)、CF3CHClCH2F(HCFC-244bb)以及(iv)氯化副产物如C3HCl3F4、C3HCl2F5、C3HClF6、C3Cl3F5和C3Cl2F6的情况下,可采用分离方法如蒸馏,以从此产物混合物中回收产物化合物。
HCFC-243db的氟化反应
在一些实施方案中,HCFC-243db可通过氟化反应用于制备HCFC-HCFO-1233xf、HCFC-244db和/或HFO-1234yf。这些反应示于图1中。所述氟化反应可在液相或汽相中进行。就本发明的液相实施方案而言,HCFC-243db与HF的反应可在以间歇、半间歇、半连续或连续方式运作的液相反应器中进行。在间歇方式中,使原料HCFC-243db和HF在高压釜或其它适宜反应容器中混合,并且加热至所需的温度。
在一个实施方案中,通过将HF加入到包含HCFC-243db的液相反应器中,或通过将HCFC-243db加入到包含HF的液相反应器中,或通过将HF加入到包含HF和反应产物的混合物中,以半间歇的方式实施此反应,所述反应产物通过初始时加热HCFC-243db和HF形成。在另一个实施方案中,可将HF加入到包含HCFC-243db和反应产物混合物的液相反应器中,所述反应产物通过使HF和HCFC-243db反应而生成。在液相方法的另一个实施方案中,可以所需的化学计量比将HF和HCFC-243db同时加入到包含HF和反应产物混合物的反应器中,所述反应产物通过使HF和HCFC-243db反应而生成。
HF和HCFC-243db在液相反应器中反应的适宜温度在一个实施方案中为约80℃至约180℃,在另一个实施方案中为约100℃至约150℃。更高的温度通常致使HCFC-243db的转化率更大。
加入到液相反应器中的HF与HCFC-243db的适宜摩尔比在一个实施方案中为至少化学计量,并且在另一个实施方案中为约5∶1至约100∶1。值得注意的是其中HF与HCFC-243db的摩尔比为约8∶1至约50∶1的实施方案。
液相方法中的反应器压力不是关键性的,并且在间歇反应中通常为反应温度下的体系自生压力。体系压力随着氯化氢的形成而增加,所述氯化氢通过HCFC-243db和中间体反应产物中的氟对氯取代基的取代反应生成。在连续方法中,可能以一定的方式设定反应器压力,使得低沸点的反应产物如 HCl、CF3CF=CH2和E/Z-CF3CH=CHF可任选通过填充柱或冷凝器从反应器中排出。如此,高沸点的中间体保留于反应器中并且挥发性产物被移出。典型的反应器压力为约20psig(138kPa)至约1,000psig(6,895kPa)。
在其中采用液相方法实施反应的实施方案中,可使用的催化剂包括碳、AlF3、BF3、FeCl3-aFa(其中a=0至3)、负载在碳上的FeX3、SbCl3-aFa、AsF3、MCl5-bFb(其中b=0至5,并且M=Sb、Nb、Ta或Mo)、和M’Cl4-cFc(其中c=0至4,并且M’=Sn、Ti、zr或Hf)。在一个实施方案中,用于液相方法中的催化剂是MCl5-bFb(其中b=0至5,并且M=Sb、Nb或Ta)。
在一个实施方案中,HF与HCFC-243db的反应在汽相中进行。通常使用热反应器。许多反应器构型是可以接受的,包括水平或垂直取向的反应器,并且原料与HF的各种反应顺序也是可以接受的。在一个实施方案中,初始时可将HCFC-243db汽化,并且以气体形式加入到反应器中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,在汽相反应器中反应之前,使HCFC-243db与HF在前置反应器中接触。前置反应器可以是空的,但是优选用适宜的填料填充,如可以商标从Special Metals Corp.(New Hartford,New York)商购获得的镍-铜合金、镍基合金如或其它镍合金车屑或金属丝、或可使HCFC-243db和HF蒸汽有效混合的对HCl和HF呈惰性的其它材料。
前置反应器的适宜温度在一个实施方案中为约80℃至约250℃,在另一个实施方案中为约100℃至约200℃。大于约100℃的温度致使一些HCFC-243db转化成具有更高氟化度的化合物。更高的温度致使进入到反应器中的HCFC-243db转化率更大,并且转化化合物的氟化度更大。例如,在这些条件下,HF和HCFC-243db的混合物转化成主要包含HF、HCl、HCFC-243db、HCFC-244db(CF3CHClCH2F)和HCFO-1233xf的混合物。
氟化度反映了取代HCFC-243db以及它们氟化产物中氯取代基的氟取代基数。例如,HFO-1234yf呈现比HCFO-1233xf更高的氟化度。
前置反应器中HF与HCFC-243db总量的摩尔比在一个实施方案中约为HF与HCFC-243db总量的化学计量比至约50∶1。在另一个实施方案中,前置反应器中HF与HCFC-243db总量的摩尔比约为HF与HCFC-243db总量 化学计量比的两倍至约30∶1。在另一个实施方案中,HF与HCFC-243db总量的摩尔比是前置反应器中所呈现的,并且不将额外量的HF加入到汽相反应区域中。
在一个实施方案中,将HCFC-243db和HF汽化,并且加入到前置反应器或汽相反应器中。
汽相反应的适宜温度为约120℃至约500℃。约300℃至约350℃范围内的温度有利于HFO-1234yf和HFC-245cb以及HCFO-1233xf的生成。约350℃至约450℃范围内的温度有利于HFO-1234ze、HFC-245fa和HCFO-1233zd的附加生成。更高的温度致使HCFC-243db的转化率更大,并且转化产物的氟化度更大。约150℃至约275℃的反应器温度有利于HCFO-1233xf作为主产物生成。
汽相反应器的适宜反应器压力可为约1至约30个大气压。约15至约25个大气压的压力可有利地用于促使HCl与其它反应产物分离,并且适宜的反应时间可在约1秒至约120秒,优选约5秒至约60秒之间变动。
汽相反应中HF与HCFC-243db总量的摩尔比在一个实施方案中约为HF与HCFC-243db量的化学计量比至约50∶1,并且在另一个实施方案中为约10∶1至约30∶1。
在一些实施方案中,在HF与HCFC-243db汽相反应的反应区域中使用催化剂。可用于汽相反应的氟化反应催化剂包括碳;石墨;氧化铝;氟化氧化铝;氟化铝;碳负载氧化铝;碳负载氟化铝;碳负载氟化氧化铝;氟化铝负载氟化镁;金属(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物、和/或其它金属盐);氟化铝负载金属;氟化氧化铝负载金属;氧化铝负载金属;和碳负载金属;金属混合物。
适用作催化剂的金属(任选负载在氧化铝、氟化铝、氟化氧化铝或碳上)包括铬、铁、钴、镍、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂、锰、铼、钪、钇、镧、钛、锆和铪、铜、银、金、锌和/或原子序数为58至71的金属(即镧系金属)。在一些实施方案中,当在载体上使用时,所述催化剂的总金属含量按所述催化剂总重量计为约0.1重量%至约20重量%;在另一个实施方案中,按所述催化剂总重量计为约0.1重量%至约10重量%。
本发明中汽相反应的典型氟化催化剂包括含铬催化剂,包括氧化铬(III)(Cr2O3);Cr2O3以及负载在Cr2O3上的其它金属如卤化镁或卤化锌;碳负载卤化铬(III);任选负载在石墨上的铬与镁的混合物(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物和/或其它金属盐);以及任选负载在石墨、氧化铝或卤化铝如氟化铝上的铬与其它金属的混合物(包括元素金属、金属氧化物、金属卤化物和/或其它金属盐)。
含铬催化剂是本领域熟知的。这类催化剂可通过沉淀法或浸渍法制备,如Satterfield在“Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice”第2版第87至112页(McGraw-Hill,New York,1991)中的一般性描述。
值得注意的是包含至少一种含铬组分的氟化反应催化剂,所述含铬组分选自其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子%至约6原子%的铬原子被三价钴原子取代的晶体α-氧化铬,以及其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子%至约6原子%的铬原子被三价钴原子取代的已用氟化剂处理过的晶体α-氧化铬。这些催化剂(包括它们的制备)已公开于美国专利申请公布US2005/0228202中。
任选可用HF预处理包含金属的上述催化剂。可通过例如将含金属催化剂放置于适宜的容器中,然后使HF通过所述含金属催化剂上方,来实施此预处理。在本发明的一个实施方案中,此类容器可以是本发明中用于进行氟化反应的反应器。通常,预处理时间为约1 5至约300分钟,并且预处理温度为约200℃至约450℃。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,产物混合物包含HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HFO-1234yf、HFO-1234ze、HCFO-1233zd和HCFO-1233xf。
HCFO-1233xf的氟化反应
在一些实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf可通过氟化反应,用于制备HCFC-HCFC-244bb和/或HFO-1234yf。这些反应示于图1中。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的反应可在液相中进行。在另一个实施方案中,所述反应可在汽相中进行。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的反应可以间歇方式进行。在另一个实施方案中,所述反应可以连续方式进行。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的液相反应可在催化剂的存在下进行。在一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可为路易斯酸催化剂。在一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可为金属卤化物催化剂。在另一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可为至少一种选自下列的催化剂∶锑卤化物、锡卤化物、铊卤化物、铁卤化物以及其中两种或更多种的组合。在另一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可为至少一种选自下列的催化剂:五氯化锑(SbCl5)、三氯化锑(SbCl3)、五氟化锑(SbF5)、四氯化锡(SnCl4)、四氯化钛(TiCl4)、三氯化铁(FeCl3)以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,可用任何已知的液相反应氟化催化剂来实施所述反应。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的反应可在没有催化剂的情况下进行。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的汽相反应可在催化剂的存在下进行。在一个实施方案中,所述反应在铬基催化剂、铁基催化剂、或它们组合的存在下进行。在一个实施方案中,所述铬基催化剂为氧化铬(例如Cr2O3)。在一个实施方案中,所述铁基催化剂可为碳载FeCl3。
在一个实施方案中,HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的汽相反应可在没有催化剂的情况下进行。
HCFC-244bb的脱氯化氢反应
在一些实施方案中,采用HCFC-244bb的脱氯化氢反应来制备HFO-1234yf。
在一个实施方案中,HCFC-244bb至HFO-1234yf的脱氯化氢反应在汽相中进行。
在一个实施方案中,汽相脱氯化氢反应在催化剂的存在下进行。在一个实施方案中,所述催化剂选自碳和/或金属基催化剂。在一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可选自活性炭、镍基催化剂、钯基催化剂、或这些催化剂的任何组合。在一个实施方案中,所述催化剂可选自Ni网、碳载钯、氧化铝载钯、或它们的组合。
在一个实施方案中,HFO-1234yf由HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应制得。在一个实施方案中,此反应在没有催化剂的情况下发生。在一个实施方案中,将HCFC-244bb加入到反应容器中,将所述容器的温度保持在足够 高的温度以实现HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应。在一个实施方案中,所述温度足够高以致使HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应达到至少50%的转化百分比。在另一个实施方案中,所述温度足够高以致使HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应达到至少65%的转化百分比。在另一个实施方案中,所述温度足够高以致使HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应达到至少80%的转化百分比。在另一个实施方案中,所述温度足够高以致使HCFC-244bb的热致脱氯化氢反应以至少70%的转化百分比连续进行至少12小时。
在一个实施方案中,将HCFC-244bb加入到反应容器中,将所述容器的温度保持在约500℃至约700℃温度范围内。在另一个实施方案中,将反应容器的温度保持在约500℃至约650℃范围内。在另一个实施方案中,将反应容器的温度保持在足够高的温度,以实现HCFC-244bb至HFO-1234yf的热解反应,选择率为80%或更大。在另一个实施方案中,将反应容器的温度保持在足够高的温度以实现HCFC-244bb至HFO-1234yf的热解反应,选择率为85%或更大。
在一个实施方案中,反应区域为由耐腐蚀材料构成的反应容器。在一个实施方案中,这些材料包括合金,如镍基合金例如可以商标 从Special Metals Corp.商购获得的镍-铬合金(下文称为 )、或可以商标从Special Metals Corp.(New Hartford,New York)商购获得的镍-铜合金、或具有含氟聚合物内衬的容器。
在一个实施方案中,在汽化器中将HCFC-244bb预热至约30℃至约100℃的温度。在另一个实施方案中,在汽化器中将HCFC-244bb预热至约30℃至约80℃的温度。
在一些实施方案中,使用惰性稀释气体作为HCFC-244bb的载气。在一个实施方案中,所述载气选自氮气、氩气、氦气或二氧化碳。
无需更多说明,本领域中的技术人员应该能够根据本文的描述,最大限度地利用本发明。因此,以下具体实施方案应理解为仅作示例之用,而不以任何方式约束本公开其余部分。
实施例
产物分析的一般方法
下列一般方法是用于分析氟化反应产物的方法示例。将反应器总流出物的一部分在线取样,以使用配备质量选择检测器的气相色谱(GC/MS)进行有机产物分析。气相色谱法使用20英尺(6.1m)长×1/8英寸(0.32cm)直径的管,所述管包含负载在惰性碳载体上的以商标由E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(下文称为“DuPont”)(Wilmington,Delaware)出售的全氟化聚醚。氦气流量是30mL/min(5.0×10-7m3/sec)。气相色谱条件是,在60℃下初始保持三分钟时间,然后以6℃/分钟的速率程序升温至200℃。
制备98%铬/2%钴催化剂
制备784.30克Cr(NO3)3[9(H2O)](1.96mole)和11.64克Co(NO3)2[6(H2O)](0.040mole)的2000mL去离子水溶液。滴加950mL7.4M氨水来处理所述溶液,直至pH达到约8.5。将浆液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在空气氛中,在110-120℃下蒸发至干。然后在使用前,将干燥的催化剂在空气氛中,在400℃下煅烧24小时。
图例
243db为CF3CHClCH2Cl 244db为CF3CHClCH2F
245cb为CF3CF2CH3 245fa为CF3CH2CHF2
1234yf为CF3CF=CH2 1233xf为CF3CCl=CH2
1243zf为CH2=CHCF3 233ab为CF3CCl2CH2Cl
1233zd为E-和/或Z-CHCl=CHCF3 226ba为CF3CClFCHF2
1234ze为E-和/或Z-CHF=CHCF3 227ca为CF3CF2CHF2
1223xd为E-和/或Z-CF3CCl=CHCl 244bb为CF3CFClCH3
1141为CHF=CH2
实施例1至6
HFO-1243zf的氯氟化反应
将上文制得的98%铬/2%钴催化剂(21.4克,15mL,-12至+20目(1.68至0.84mm))放置到在流砂浴中加热的5/8″(1.58cm)直径(Special Metals Corp.(New Hartford,New York))镍合金反应管中。通过如下用HF处理,将所述催化剂预氟化。在氮气流下(50cc/min),将所述催化剂在45℃至175℃下加热约1.5小、时时间。然后在175℃温度下,使 HF以50cc/min的流量在反应器中流通1.3小时。将反应器氮气流降低至20cc/min,并且将HF流量增至80cc/min;将此流量保持0.3小时。然后在1小时内将反应器温度逐渐升至400℃。之后,停止HF和氮气流,并且使反应器达到所需的操作温度。接着开启HF蒸汽、HFO-1243zf和Cl2气流通过反应器。由在线GC/MS分析部分反应器流出物。
HFO-1243zf在98/2Cr/Co催化剂上的氯氟化反应在各种操作温度以及指定的HF、HFO-1243zf与Cl2摩尔比下的结果示于表2中;分析数据以GC面积%为单位给出。标称催化剂床体积为15cc;接触时间(CT)为15秒。实施例1和2在没有催化剂的情况下实施。
表2(部分A)
HFO-1243zf的氯氟化反应
表2(部分B)
HFO-1243zf的氯氟化反应
a.243db和244db由1H和19F NMR证实。
b.245cb和1233xf由1H和19F NMR证实。
c.附加产物为215aa、216aa、216ba、225aa、225ba、226ca、226da。
实施例7至11
HCFC-243db的氟化反应
将上文制得的98%铬/2%钴催化剂(21.4克,15mL,-12至+20目(1.68至0.84mm))放置到在流砂浴中加热的5/8″(1.58cm)直径镍合金反应管中。通过如下用HF处理,将所述催化剂预氟化。在氮气流下(50cc/min),将所述催化剂在45℃至175℃下加热约1.5小时时间。然后在175℃温度下,使HF以50cc/min的流量在反应器中流通1.3小时。将反应器氮气流降低至20cc/min,并且将HF流量增至80cc/min;将此流量保持0.3小时。然后在1小时内将反应器温度逐渐升至400℃。之后,停止HF和氮气流,并且使反应器达到所需的操作温度。接着开启HF蒸汽和HCFC-243db(CF3CHClCH2Cl)气流通过反应器。由在线GC/MS分析部分反应器流出物。
HFC-243db在98/2Cr/Co催化剂上的氟化反应在各种操作温度以及指定的HF与HCFC-243db摩尔比下的结果示于表3中;分析数据以GC面积% 为单位给出。标称催化剂床体积为15cc;接触时间(CT)为15秒。实施例7在没有催化剂的情况下实施。
表3
HCFC-243db的氟化反应
实施例12
TaF
5
存在下HFC-243db与HF的反应
向210mL的C管中,加入10.0克(0.0599mole)HCFC-243db和25.4克(0.040mole)五氟化钽。然后向管中加入40.0克(2.0mole)氟化氢。将管温热至150℃,并且在振荡下,将管在149℃至150℃下保持八小时。接着使管冷却至室温,并且用100mL水处理。放出管中内容物,并且收集少量有机层并且中和。样本为91.1%的未转化的HCFC-243db;转化产物的GC-MS分析如下所示:
表4
| 组分 | GC面积% |
| HFC-245cb | 39.3 |
| HFC-245fa | 5.5 |
| C3H3ClF4 | 9.2 |
| C3H3ClF4 | 27.6 |
| HCFC-253fb | 2.9 |
| HCFC-234ab | 8.6 |
| HCFC-243fa | 6.9 |
实施例13
HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的氟化反应
将包含20克粘稠SbF5的PTFE小瓶内容物倒入到干燥的400mL 振荡管中。将管密闭,并且用氮气加压以检漏。接着用干冰将振荡管冷却至小于-40℃,缓慢放气,然后排空。将75克(3.75mole)无水HF冷凝到振荡管中,然后冷凝165克(1.26mole)HCFO-1233xf。将振荡管放入到保护罩内,并且开始振荡。
使振荡管在环境温度(约20-23℃)下摇动,并且压力为21至25psig。2小时后,停止振荡,并且小心地将150mL水泵入到振荡管中。使管静置过夜,然后在冰浴中冷却至0至5℃,接着减压并且将内容物转移到塑性容器中。将容器放置在冰上。
将容器内容物倒入到包含一些冰的聚丙烯分液漏斗中。下层有机层外观为浅琥珀色。将有机层分离到由玻璃制得的包含约50mL4molar(pH7)磷酸盐缓冲液和冰(约100mL)的培养基瓶中,所述培养基瓶以商标 由Coming(Lowell,MA)出售(下文称为)。再次分离出有机层,并且倒入到包含少量无水硫酸镁的干燥培养基瓶中。粗产量为164.3克(约120mL,86%)。
粗料的GC/MS显示,它大部分为HCFC-244bb。其它组分包括0.13%245cb,0.09%245eb,0.16%1233xf以及共12.2%的其它副产物。
实施例14
HCFO-1233xf至HCFC-244bb的氟化反应
将包含20克粘稠SbF5的PTFE小瓶内容物倒入到干燥的400mL 振荡管中。将管密闭,并且用氮气加压以检漏。接着用干冰将振荡管冷却至小于-40℃,缓慢放气,然后排空。将53克(2.65mole)无水HF转移到振荡管中,然后将227克(1.74mole)HCFO-1233xf冷凝到冰冷的振荡管中。将振荡管放入到保护罩内,并且开始振荡。
使振荡管在环境温度(约18-21℃)下摇动,并且压力为16至20psig。2小时后,停止振荡,并且小心地将100mL水泵入到振荡管中。使管静置过夜,并且在冰浴中冷却至0至5℃,之后排气并且将内容物转移到塑性容器中。将容器放置在冰上。
将容器内容物倒入到包含一些冰的聚丙烯分液漏斗中。下层有机层外观为浅琥珀色。将有机层分离到包含约50mL4molar(pH7)磷酸盐缓冲液和冰(约100mL)的培养基瓶中。再次分离出有机层,并且倒入到包含少量无水硫酸镁的干燥培养基瓶中。粗产量为238.8克(约170mL,91%)。
粗料的GC/MS显示,它大部分为HCFC-244bb。其它组分包括0.11%HFC-245cb,0.10%HFC-245eb,0.26%HCFO-1233xf以及共9.7%的其它副产物。
实施例15
实施例15示出在没有催化剂的情况下,HCFC-244bb(2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷)向HFO-1234yf(2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)的转化。
将具有约12英寸加热区域的空管(1/2英寸OD)加热至500℃至626℃之间的温度,并且采用2.4sccm(4.0×10-8m3)的N2扫气,以0.52mL/h的速率使HFC-244bb进料通过设定在40℃的汽化器。采用在线GCMS分析反应器流出物,结果以摩尔百分比为单位报告。
表5
实施例16
实施例16示出在没有催化剂的情况下,HCFC-244bb(2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷)向HFO-1234yf(2,3,3,3-四氟丙烷)的转化。
将具有约12英寸加热区域的空管(1/2英寸OD)加热至575℃,并且采用3.6sccm(6.0×10-8m3)的N2扫气,以0.35mL/h的速率使HFC-244bb进料通过设定在40℃的汽化器。使反应器连续运作共19小时,并且定期取出样本,并且分析确定HFC-244bb的转化百分比,以及至HFO- 1234yf的选择性。采用在线GCMS分析反应器流出物,并且下表6中的数据是给定条件下至少两次在线注射的平均值;百分比为摩尔百分比。
表6
实施例17
实施例17示出在活性炭催化剂的存在下,HCFC-244bb(2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷)的脱氯化氢反应。
用得自Calgon的4cc(1.99g)酸洗过的PCB Polynesian椰壳基碳(6-10目)填装管(1/2英寸OD)。采用2.4sccm(4.0×10-8m3)的N2扫气,以1.04mL/h的速率使HFC-244bb进料通过设定在40℃的汽化器,获得共约32秒的接触时间,同时将反应器温度控制在400℃。
表7中的数据示出此方法以摩尔百分比为单位的反应器流出物组成,所述方法采用活性炭催化剂进行,在7小时操作时间后经由HCl消去制得HFC-1234yf。
表7
| 小时 | 245cb | 1234yf | 245eb | 1336 | 244bb | 1233xf | 未知物 |
| 1 | 0.0 | 52.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 22.4 | 10.3 | 14.9 |
| 2 | 0.0 | 44.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 24.6 | 13.4 | 17.3 |
| 3 | 0.0 | 38.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 31.9 | 14.8 | 15.0 |
| 4 | 0.0 | 25.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 41.8 | 15.7 | 16.3 |
| 5 | 0.0 | 15.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 49.4 | 17.9 | 16.7 |
| 6 | 0.5 | 7.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 53.8 | 18.0 | 20.2 |
| 7 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 54.2 | 17.3 | 24.5 |
Claims (8)
1.包含HFO-1234yf和至少一种附加化合物的组合物,所述附加化合物选自HFO-1234ze、HFO-1243zf、HCFC-243db、HCFC-244db、HFC-245cb、HFC-245fa、HCFO-1233xf、HCFO-1233zd、HCFC-253fb、HCFC-234ab、HCFC-243fa、乙烯、HFC-23、CFC-13、HFC-143a、HFC-152a、HFC-236fa、HCO-1130、HCO-1130a、HCFC-133a、HCFC-254fb、HCFC-1131、HCFO-1242zf、HCFO-1223xd、HCFC-233ab、HCFC-226ba、和HFC-227ca。
2.权利要求1的组合物,所述组合物包含小于约1重量%的所述至少一种附加化合物。
3.权利要求1的组合物作为制冷剂的用途。
4.权利要求1的组合物作为空调、冷冻机、冷藏机、热力泵、水冷却器、满液式蒸发冷却器、直接膨胀式冷却器、离心式冷却器、步入式冷藏柜、移动式冷藏机、移动式空调装置以及它们的组合中的制冷剂的用途。
5.权利要求1的组合物作为气溶胶推进剂的用途。
6.权利要求1的组合物作为发泡剂的用途。
7.使用权利要求1的组合物的方法,所述方法包括使所述组合物将热量从热源携带至散热片。
8.使用权利要求1的组合物作为循环中制冷剂的方法,所述方法包括使所述组合物经历从液体至气体并再回来的相变。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115023479A (zh) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-09-06 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的组合物及制备和使用该组合物的方法 |
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