CH705824A2 - Solar system with uniaxial and biaxial solar tracking. - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar system with one and two-axis tracking of photovoltaic and thermal modules (2), wherein the axis one of one or more horizontal laterally spaced parallel extending hollow shafts or metal tubes (1) consist of modules attached thereto, which may have several hundred meters in length , wherein the tubes are rotatably mounted on supports and on the front sides of the equilateral pipe ends lever arms connected to traction means (4) and a drive, rotate the tubes with the modules rigidly attached thereto and uniaxial track the sun and the two-axis Sonnennachführung the Modules rotatable on the axes of two, at right angles to the axes one (1) and the modules mounted at right angles to their surface lever arms and attached traction means (4) biaxially tracking the sun, wherein the traction means (4) of two or more rows of modules each one at the end of the tubes of axis one by one Zugmittel-Winkelumlenkungseinrichtung are frictionally connected to a separate traction means with drive, so that with only two drives, one for axes one and two for the axes, with the simplest means such as drive, pipes, pulleys and wire rope large areas of biaxial solar systems can be realized.

Description

The inescapable free energy source sun radiates 10,000 times more energy to the earth than we humans consume. In contrast to oil and gas, it is CO2-free and, compared to nuclear power, it is without the dangerous radioactivity and the problems that have not yet been solved with the radioactive waste to be monitored for vast periods of time. The oil, gas and uranium supplies are slowly coming to an end and getting more and more expensive, so it's really amazing that you did not take the clean, free solar energy source much earlier.

The sun has the disadvantage that it does not shine at night, but the great advantage that it delivers the most expensive peak energy over lunchtime, when the public power grids are heavily loaded at cooking time, so that the electricity companies are interested in solar energy , Solar energy can be stored in storage lakes or storage power plants in the Alps and can also be fed into the grid at night and, if necessary, at any time.

In recent times, the current from the sun has experienced a strong cheapening. Costs about 50 years ago 1 watt of solar power still about a hundred francs, so the price for large purchases of photovoltaic modules by mass production has already fallen to below one franc, so solar power in the short term is no more expensive than mains.

To generate electricity are mainly used on rooftops, factory buildings and solar farms permanently mounted photovoltaic modules. According to information from manufacturers, the energy gain of modules that are tracked biaxially at right angles to the solar radiation is up to 45% higher.

But this higher profit can also be achieved with a larger area of permanently mounted modules with the disadvantage that they can be covered with snow for a shorter and longer time in winter and generate no electricity, especially when he is the most sought after. The solar tracked solar systems can make the module surfaces steep, so that the snow slips off.

For the reason that the sun tracked modules of solar systems previous constructions consume too much energy and are too complicated and too expensive and thus largely negate the gain achieved, they were able to gain little market share in the rapidly growing solar market until now ,

The object of this invention is to provide a one- and two-axis tracking system that does not require complicated, expensive mechanics, is composed of time-tested inexpensive components, and consumes little energy for the pivoting of the modules, so that the Mehrenergiegewinn by the Modulnachführkosten only a little is diminished.

The invention consists of one or more distant juxtaposed, rotatably mounted on supports around the center of the axis horizontal hollow shafts or metal tubes, which may have several 100 meters in length as a supporting element in solar parks with lateral distances, so that the modules mutually can not shadow. With uniaxial tracking, the modules are rigidly mounted along the entire length of the tube and make a one-axis pivoting movement as the tubes rotate.

The module support tubes of the axis one have on the end faces of the equilateral pipe ends lever arms with attached traction means with drive for rotating the tubes or the uniaxial pivotal movement of the modules for Sonnennachführung.

In contrast to the uniaxial tracking the modules of the biaxial tracking are not fixed, but rotatably attached to the perpendicular to the module support tube one on the entire length of each other spaced pivot axes attached two, where the modules of the sun are arranged trackable.

The modules are fitted at right angles to their surface with lever arms, with attached to the ends traction means for the pivotal movement of the modules.

In order for the modules to balance the support tubes and not be able to exert a rotational effect on the module support tube as with unilateral arrangement with their load, and thus burden the traction means and the drives, 1/2 of the modules are left of the axes one and two and 1/2 arranged right, which also has the advantage in wind pressure that the traction means remain unloaded.

In one-sided arrangement of the modules to the axes of the power consumption for the pivoting of the modules by their heavy weight and even more in wind pressure would rise sharply.

If the solar system only has a very long module carrier tube, e.g. along road or rail lines, so the drive for the pivoting of the second axis is directly at the opposite end of the drive side of the module support tube of the axis one. Solar systems on railway lines can be created particularly inexpensive, because the side stand for the electr. Catenary can be shared as a supporting structure for the system.

At 1000 m track length can be obtained in good tanning unilaterally the tracks to 500 KW and both sides to 1000 KW of electricity from the sun, with cloudiness correspondingly less. The photovoltaic modules are to be placed so deep that the view of the train travelers is not hindered.

In a solar system according to the invention with two to many parallel, distant juxtaposed module carrier tubes of the axes one, at the ends all Zugmittelkreise the axes are two mittelst traction means - Winkelumlenkungseinrichtungen non-positively connected to a separate traction means with drive. The Zugmittel- Winkelumlenkungseinrichtungen consist of angularly fixed to the pipe ends of the axes one supports columns with pulleys, the pulleys spaced at the supports are mounted so that the rope circles of the axes 8 with the driving rope circuit 12 close to each other parallel and connected together and so With this single-drive traction-reduction technology, all the modules of the two axles can track the sun so that with only two drives, one for the axis one and two for the axle, large areas of solar parks with the simplest, problem-free components become possible.

As a support for the modules therefore pipes were chosen because they are particularly torsionally rigid and rotational movements over long distances can transfer lossless, which is a prerequisite for the precise module tracking in large solar parks. Because of this property, pipes are also used for earth boring work with several 1000 m length. Tubes also have the great advantage that they serve to accommodate the electrical connection cables and leads for the power-generating modules, so that costly installations and burial can be saved. With practically four simple, cost-effective main components such as drives, carrier tube, pulleys and steel wire ropes, a one-to-many economic one- and two-axis sun tracking can not be realized, which only increases the energy gain of biaxial tracking of up to 45% compared to conventional expensive designs little detract. The inventive idea promises a particularly inexpensive, robust, durable and low-interference solar tracking technology that have proven itself with materials in cable car construction for decades.

With these positive characteristics of pipes as supports and axes of rotation of modules, as well as the inclusion of the lines of power generation, make the present invention predestined for solar energy systems over very long distances along unused areas on the edge of railway lines - and highways. The torsionally stable pipes allow lengths with a drive of many 100 meters. A lot of cultivated land for solar parks can be saved.

Large savings are also due to the fact that the costly digging works for the floor installation of supply lines omitted, since they can be absorbed mainly by the axes of the support tubes.

Compared to the solar systems with suspended on wire cables modules with unsightly suspended cable leads, present invention is also in optical terms at an advantage.

The uniaxial tracking of the modules mainly suitable for flat roofs, with an energy gain of up to 25%, is calculated without drive and light sensor control, cause little extra cost than a fixed Aufständerung the modules. For small solar systems on flat roofs, the tubes with modules can also be turned by hand using a lockable lever and adapted to the seasonal position of the sun.

Since up to several 100 m in length module carrier tube and all pulleys are ball bearings, the power consumption and power consumption for the pivoting movements of the modules is relatively low, so that each with a drive for the axes one and two, so with only two drives, Sensors and controls a much larger module surface of the sun is trackable, as it was previously possible.

As drives are best the commercial, durable spur gear with stop motors.

For the control of the drives for constant alignment of the modules at an angle to the sun light sensors and electronic control systems are used.

When strong winds occur, the modules are pivoted into a horizontal position in order to reduce the windage area as much as possible. The control is done by a wind speedometer. Since the module surfaces are arranged at 1/2 left and 1/2 right of these axes of rotation both in the axes one and in the two axes, and keep in balance, the wind forces can not act on the traction means, but only on the firmly anchored , strong module carrier tubes.

In snowfall, the modules as long as it snows can be pivoted in a steep slope, controlled with a snowfall sensor or manually, so that the snow can slip.

As a traction device for the pivotal movement of the modules chains or rods can be used in combination with wire ropes.

Thus, the wires of the various circles for the precise pivotal movement of the modules are always taut, every single rope circle has a clamping device.

The axles two with fixedly mounted modules are rotatably mounted on the axes one, or the modules are rotatable on the axes two, but these rigidly attached to the axes one.

Since solar modules, the modules must have a certain distance from each other especially in two-axis Sonnennachführung to not shadow each other when tilted in rising - and setting sun, between the modules enough sun, for example. on land that can continue to be used for agriculture. Prerequisite is that the posts are as far as possible from each other as a carrier of the solar system, so that they disturb the previous mechanical, agricultural work as little as possible, especially fog-free altitudes with high sunshine duration such. Alpine meadows would be ideal for solar power generation, without hindering the cows, sheep, etc. while grazing and the mountain farmers in the hay. A small profit share in the power generation would be for the farmer a real mountain help with saving of federal subsidies.

Even with solar panels on parking a large distance between the support post is important. This is achieved in that the tubes of axis one are not supported directly on posts, but on braced beams which are arranged horizontally between the posts.

Also in the longitudinal direction of the tube from axis one posts can be saved by the fact that the tubes are braced against the deflection, so that the distance between post supports is much larger.

The details will be apparent from the following embodiments, as well as from the drawings. Showing: <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> an inventive solar system with uniaxial Sonnennachführung <Tb> FIG. 2 <sep> an inventive solar system with two-axis Sonnennachführung <Tb> FIG. 3 <sep> a detailed view of a Zugmittelwinkel- deflection device for driving the rope circles for pivoting the modules of the two axes <tb> Fig.4 <sep> a detail view of the rope course of a Zugmittelwinkel-deflection device with coupling point of the two rope circles <Tb> FIG. 5 <sep> A detailed view of a pipe bearing point of the axes one on a support by means of ball or roller bearings for receiving the radial and axial pressures <Tb> FIG. 6 <sep> an inventive solar system with uniaxial Sonnennachführung along a railway line <Tb> FIG. 7 <a> solar system according to the invention with supports of the tubes of the axis one on cross beams between the post supports and struts of the tubes of axis one to increase the distance between the post supports to the ground clearance for parking and agricultural or other uses to enlarge. <tb> 1 <sep> Axles one, rotatable <tb> 2 <sep> photovoltaic or thermal modules <tb> 3 <sep> Lever arms on axes one <tb> 4 <sep> Pulling means rope circle 4 connected to lever arms of the axes 1 <tb> 5 <sep> Drive with control for axes one <tb> 6 <sep> Bearings for axis one <tb> 7 <sep> supports for axis 1 <tb> 8 <sep> Pulling means rope circle 8 connected to lever arms of the two axles <tb> 9 <sep> Two axis lever arms <tb> 10 <sep> Axes two <tb> 11 + 11a <sep> traction device-angle deflection device <tb> 12 <sep> traction means rope circle 12 <tb> 13 <sep> Clutch point for connecting the driving rope circle 12 with the rope circles 8 for pivoting the modules 2 of two axes 10 <Tb> 14 <sep> Pulleys <tb> 15 <sep> Pulley double <tb> 16 <sep> Drive with control for the rope circuits 8 and 12 <tb> 17 + 17a <sep> Ball or roller bearings for the rotatable bearing points of axes one <tb> 18 <sep> Clutch points of the tubes of the axis one. <tb> 19 <sep> bracing against the bending of the tubes of axles one <tb> 20 <sep> consoles on the side uprights of the electr. Catenary of railway lines to support the axis one of photovoltaic systems. <tb> 21 <sep> Lateral stand of the electr. Catenary of railway lines <tb> 22 <sep> Cross section through a photovoltaic system along railway lines <tb> 23 <sep> braced beams between the support posts

Fig. 1 shows a solar system with uniaxial solar tracking of the modules 2, wherein the axes one 1 consist of several juxtaposed metal pipes with permanently mounted modules 2, which may have for solar parks as supporting elements to over several hundred meters in length and which are rotatably mounted on supports 7 6, with lateral distances, so that the modules 2 can not shadow each other and the modules 2 in uniaxial design with vertically attached to the front sides of the equilateral pipe ends lever arms 3, with traction means 4 and a drive connected, rotate the tube with the permanently mounted modules 2 and can track the sun uniaxial.

Fig. 2 shows a solar system with biaxial sun tracking of the modules 2, which are not rigidly mounted on the axis one, but rotatably mounted at an angle to the axis one axis two rotatably in contrast to the uniaxial design, and means of traction means and to the Modules 2 mounted lever arms of the sun can be tracked. Each module row of the two axles has a closed traction center circle running at the ends of the tubes of axes one through rollers at angles to these fixed supports 11 and 11a. The support 11 with rollers is a traction means Winkelumlenkungseinrichtung, which connects and drives all individual rope circles 8 of the two axes with only one traction means 12 with drive 16 frictionally.

This is inventively achieved in that the driving traction means circle most easily by wire rope on pulleys on the supports 11 of the traction means Winkelumlenkungseinrichtung 11 is guided in parallel and coupled with the individual rope circles of the axes two.

This idea allows a much larger number of modules 2 biaxial sun tracking with technically simplest, proven means with corresponding savings of drives and controls.

Fig. 3 shows the non-positive coupling 13 of the driving cable circuit 12 with a driven rope circle of the two axles 10. The fact that the double roller 15 is exactly in the center of the axis one 1, the length of the cable circuit 12 when pivoting the axis. 1 not changed.

Fig. 4 shows the scheme of the rope circles 12 and 8 with the coupling point 13 for non-positive connection of the two circles.

Fig. 5 shows the example of a rotatable mounting of the axes one on supports 7, and the joints of the individual tubes with each other by means of flanges 18. The ball or roller bearings 17 absorb the radial forces of the axes 1 and by wind pressure the modules 2 resulting axial pressures are absorbed by the laterally disposed ball or roller bearings 17a. The upper bearing 17 is hinged with a yoke, for labor-saving assembly of the tubes of the axis one. 1

Fig. 6 is a photovoltaic solar system along a railway line by shared use of the lateral catenary stand as a supporting element. The axis one axle 1 are supported by a braced cross member 20 from the catenary stand. In order not to hinder the view of the train travelers, the photovoltaic modules are mounted correspondingly deep.

So that long tubes of axis one 1 can not bend, braces 19 are mounted between the coupling points and fittings.

Fig. 7 is a solar system with the support of the tubes of the axes one 1 on braced cross members 23 between the posts 7 to keep the area under the solar system by as few posts for agricultural use or parking cars or other purposes.

Claims (14)

1. solar system with one and two-axis tracking of the photovoltaic and thermal modules or solar panels, the axes one 1 of one or more spaced side by side horizontal hollow shafts or metal pipes with rigidly mounted modules 2 consist of that for solar parks as a supporting element can have over several hundred meters in length, and which are mounted rotatably about the central axis on supports 7 with lateral distances, so that the modules 2 can not shadow each other and the modules 2 in uniaxial design with vertically mounted on the front sides of the equilateral pipe ends lever arms 3, which are connected to traction means 4 and a drive 5, rotate the tubes with the permanently mounted modules 2 and can track the sun uniaxial and in contrast to the modules 2 in biaxial design not fixed on axis one 1, but rotatably mounted on Axes two 10, which on the gan zen length of the tubes of the axes one spaced distributed at right angles to these fixed and equipped with pivoting modules 2, with distances from each other, so that the modules 2 can not shadow each other during the pivoting movement, and the modules 2 of the two axles 10 are in Angle to their surface equipped with lever arms 9 and attached to the upper ends of traction means 8 they are tracked solar radiation, the traction means of the axles two 10 each individually about angled at the pipe ends of the axes one 1 fixed supports with pulleys with a Zugmittel- angle -Umlenkungseinrichtung 11 establish the firm non-positive connection with an angularly extending separate traction means 12 with drive, which at the end faces of the tubes of axes one 1, where no lever arms are mounted, moved past and so with the Zugmittel-angle-deflection device 11 with only a drive a large number of modules 2 of the two axes 10, pivoted and z Together with axis one 1 of the sun can be tracked so that with only 2 drives, one for the axes one and one for the axes two 10 also larger areas of two-axis solar systems with the simplest means and main components such as drive, tubes, pulleys and wire rope itself let realize. 2. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that both in uniaxial as in biaxial design 1/2 of the module surfaces left of the axes 1 and 10 and 1/2 are arranged to the right of the axes so that they balance on the axes and also at Wind pressure does not strain the traction devices. 3. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a wind sensor which controls the solar modules in gusts of wind in the horizontal position so that they offer the wind as small as possible attack surface. 4. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a controller which tracks the solar panels at right angles to the sun and clouds in cloudy and global radiation, the modules aligns so that they can harvest the largest possible amount of energy. 5. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that they are equipped with a snowfall sensor or manually controllable, which put the modules in a steep slope that the snow can slip off. 6. solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube from existing axes one 1 on supports by means of smooth ball or roller bearings both axially 17 a and 17 are mounted radially. 7. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction means 4,8 and 12 mainly consist of steel wire rope. 8. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Zugmittel- angle-deflection devices consist of angularly attached to the horizontal pipe ends of the axes one supports 11 with pulleys 14, wherein the pulleys 14 are spaced apart on the supports 11 are mounted so that the traction means , or Stahlseilkreise the axles two 8, each guided individually in the supports 11 parallel and firmly connected 13 are with the angularly extending drive cable circuits 12 for all module rows of the axes two 10th 9. solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that for the traction means angular deflection device 11 as a more complex solution and angle gear can be applied. 10. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the module support tubes 1 also serve to receive the connection cables and lines for the power and heat generating modules 2. 11. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction means or the individual cable loops 4, 8 and 12 have clamping devices. 12. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it along the railway lines 22, the lateral stator 21 of the electr. Use catenary as load-bearing elements. 13. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes of two fixed thereto with fixed modules 2 rotatably attached to the axes one or that the modules 2 rotatably attached to the two axes 10, but these are rigidly connected to the axes one 1 , 14. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes are supported one 1 on braced cross members between the posts 7.