CH658008A5 - Permanent mould for casting metals, process for making it and its use - Google Patents
Permanent mould for casting metals, process for making it and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH658008A5 CH658008A5 CH8736/80A CH873680A CH658008A5 CH 658008 A5 CH658008 A5 CH 658008A5 CH 8736/80 A CH8736/80 A CH 8736/80A CH 873680 A CH873680 A CH 873680A CH 658008 A5 CH658008 A5 CH 658008A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- alloy
- permanent
- casting
- molds
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A permanent mould for casting metals is proposed, which consists of a low-alloyed copper alloy with an addition of 0.5 to 1.5 % by weight of Cr. This alloy has proved to be particularly suitable, because it has a high temperature conductivity. The use of this proposed alloy has the advantage that no large temperature gradients arise in the mould, which has a positive effect on the surface quality of the casting. A further advantage is the faster cycle, i.e. shorter time intervals from casting to casting.
Description
**WARNUNG** Anfang DESC Feld konnte Ende CLMS uberlappen **.
PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Dauerform für das Vergiessen von Metallen aus einer niedriglegierten Kupferlegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Cu-Cr-Legierung mit 0,5-1,5 Gew. % Cr aufweist.
2. Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Cu-Cr-Legierung 0,8 bis Gew. % Cr enthält.
3. Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie vergütet ist.
4. Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung noch 0,08 - 0,25 Gew. % Zr enthält.
5. Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung neben Cr und Zr zu 0,1 Gew.% Cd enthält.
6. Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung neben Chrom bis zu 0,1 Gew.% Cd enthält.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, durch Giessen einer niedrigiegierten Kupferlegierungsschmelze mit 0,5-1,5 Gew.% Cr in eine Giessform.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dauerform nach Anspruch 1, durch Einpressen eines Gesenkes in einen vorgeheizten, niedriglegierten Cu-Cr-Block, welcher 0,15-1,5 Gew.% Cr aufweist.
9. Verwendung einer Dauerform nach Anspruch 1 für die Herstellung von Formguss.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Dauerform für das Vergiessen von Metallen gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung.
Als Werkstoffe zur Herstellung von Dauerformen für das Vergiessen von Metallen werden keramische Werkstoffe, Graphit und hauptsächlich Metalle verwendet. Für das Vergiessen von Formguss sind das insbesondere Gusseisen mit Lamellen-graphit, Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit oder Stahl.
Wegen der relativ niedrigen Temperaturleitfähigkeit dieser
Materialien (a= . ) von 0,07, 0,13 bzw. 0,14 cm2 s-l wird die Wärme auch bei intensivem Kühlen nur langsam abgeführt und es bildet sich ein hoher Temperaturgradient in der Kokillenwand, der hohe Temperaturspannungen in der Formwand erzeugt, die zur Rissbildung und schliesslich zum Zerstören der Form führen.
Zur Senkung dieser Spannungen und zur Erreichung ei ner gewünschten Oberflächenqualität des Abgusses, ist es notwendig, die Dauerform vor dem Einfüllen des flüssigen
Metalles auf eine Arbeitstemperatur von 110 - 350 "C vorzu wärmen.
Die Standzeit solcher Kokillen ist durch die oben beschriebenen Erscheinungen limitiert. Beim Vergiessen von Grauguss lassen sich diese herkömmlichen Kokillen nur für etwa 3000 bis 10 000 Giessvorgänge verwenden, und bei Stahl sogar nur für 200 bis 2000 Giessvorgänge. Gemessen an den sehr hohen Werkzeugkosten, ist die genannte Lebensdauer der bisher gebräuchlichen Kokillen verhältnismässig niedrig, so dass jedes gegossene Formstück mit einem hohen Werkzeugkostenanteil belastet ist.
Die aus der Literatur bekannten Lösungen wie anodisch oxidierte Aluminiumkokillen, pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Kokillen auf der Basis von Molybdän usw. sind für diesen Anwendungsbereich nicht über das Versuchsstadium hinausgekommen. Die Verwendung von Reinkupfer für Formgusskokillen scheitert an den mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie schwierige Bearbeitbarkeit und niedriger Verschliesswiderstand des Werkstoffes. Die Verwendung von Beryllium-Bronze (Cu mit 0,41,8% Be) als Werkstoff für Dauerformen hat eine gewisse Verbesserung mit sich gebracht. Neben den notwendigen Schutzmassnahmen bei der Bearbeitung (Be-Toxizität) und niedrigem Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist diese Legierung zu teuer für die oben genannten Einsätze.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Dauerform vorzuschlagen, mittels welcher die oben erwähnten Nachteile beseitigt werden.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss gelöst durch die Lehre des 1. Anspruches. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.
Als Werkstoff für die erfindungsgemässen Dauerformen hat sich eine niedriglegierte Cu-Cr-Legierung mit 0,5 bis 1,5 Gew.% Cr bewährt.
Diese Legierung besitzt eine hohe Temperaturleitfähigkeit von 1,01 cm2/s was höhere Temperaturgradiente in der Kokille vermeidet und einen schnelleren Takt, d. h. kürzere Zeitintervalle von Abguss zu Abguss ermöglicht.
Durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemässen Legierung für die Herstellung von Dauerformen erhöhen sich die Standzeiten um den Faktor von 5-100. Zum Beispiel sind bei Verwendung einer wassergekühlten Graugusskokille 5000 Abgüsse/Kokille möglich, während mit der CuCr Kokille 300 000 Abgüsse/Kokille hergestellt werden können.
Durch die schnell sich ausbreitende Temperaturwelle wird die Kokille durch das eingegossene Metall gleichsam vorgewärmt, so dass eine Vorheizung der Kokille nicht mehr nötig ist. Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit in der Graugusskokille beträgt ca. 6 - 7 mm/sec, in der CuCr-Kokille dagegen ca. 40 mm/sec.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Dauerform erfolgt auf an sich bekannte Weise. Sie kann entweder vorgegossen und dann bearbeitet werden oder in einen auf ca.
800 "C vorgewärmten Block mit einem Gesenk eingepresst werden. Bei Rissbildungen sind Reparaturschweissungen möglich.
** WARNING ** beginning of DESC field could overlap end of CLMS **.
PATENT CLAIMS
1. Permanent mold for the casting of metals from a low-alloy copper alloy, characterized in that it has a Cu-Cr alloy with 0.5-1.5 wt.% Cr.
2. Permanent form according to claim 1, characterized in that the Cu-Cr alloy contains 0.8 to wt.% Cr.
3. Permanent form according to claim 1, characterized in that it is remunerated.
4. Permanent form according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy still contains 0.08-0.25% by weight of Zr.
5. Permanent mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy contains 0.1% by weight of Cd in addition to Cr and Zr.
6. Permanent form according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy contains up to 0.1 wt.% Cd in addition to chromium.
7. A method for producing a permanent mold according to claim 1, by casting a low alloy copper alloy melt with 0.5-1.5 wt.% Cr in a casting mold.
8. A method for producing a permanent mold according to claim 1, by pressing a die into a preheated, low-alloy Cu-Cr block, which has 0.15-1.5 wt.% Cr.
9. Use of a permanent mold according to claim 1 for the production of molded castings.
The present invention relates to a permanent form for the casting of metals according to the preamble of claim 1, methods for their production and their use.
Ceramic materials, graphite and mainly metals are used as materials for the production of permanent molds for the casting of metals. For the casting of molded castings, these are in particular cast iron with lamellar graphite, cast iron with spheroidal graphite or steel.
Because of the relatively low thermal conductivity
Materials (a =.) Of 0.07, 0.13 or 0.14 cm2 sl the heat is only dissipated slowly even with intensive cooling and a high temperature gradient forms in the mold wall, which creates high temperature stresses in the mold wall, which lead to the formation of cracks and ultimately to the destruction of the shape.
To reduce these tensions and to achieve a desired surface quality of the cast, it is necessary to remove the permanent mold before filling the liquid
Preheat metal to a working temperature of 110 - 350 "C.
The service life of such molds is limited by the phenomena described above. When casting gray cast iron, these conventional molds can only be used for around 3,000 to 10,000 casting operations, and for steel, they can only be used for 200 to 2,000 casting operations. Measured in terms of the very high tool costs, the service life of the molds previously used is relatively short, so that each cast molding is burdened with a high proportion of tool costs.
The solutions known from the literature, such as anodized aluminum molds, powder metallurgy molds based on molybdenum, etc., have not gone beyond the experimental stage for this area of application. The use of pure copper for molded casting molds fails due to the mechanical properties, such as difficult machinability and low wear resistance of the material. The use of beryllium bronze (Cu with 0.41.8% Be) as a material for permanent molds has brought about a certain improvement. In addition to the necessary protective measures during processing (loading toxicity) and low thermal conductivity, this alloy is too expensive for the uses mentioned above.
It is the object of the invention to propose a permanent form by means of which the disadvantages mentioned above are eliminated.
The object is achieved according to the invention by the teaching of claim 1. Advantageous further developments emerge from the dependent claims.
A low-alloy Cu-Cr alloy with 0.5 to 1.5% by weight Cr has proven itself as the material for the permanent molds according to the invention.
This alloy has a high temperature conductivity of 1.01 cm2 / s, which avoids higher temperature gradients in the mold and a faster cycle, i. H. Shorter time intervals from cast to cast enabled.
Using the alloy according to the invention for the production of permanent molds increases the tool life by a factor of 5-100. For example, using a water-cooled gray cast iron mold, 5000 casts / mold are possible, while the CuCr mold can produce 300,000 castings / mold.
Due to the rapidly spreading temperature wave, the mold is preheated, as it were, by the cast metal, so that preheating of the mold is no longer necessary. The spreading speed in the gray cast iron mold is approx. 6 - 7 mm / sec, in the CuCr mold, however, approx. 40 mm / sec.
The permanent form according to the invention is produced in a manner known per se. It can either be pre-cast and then machined or in an approx.
800 "C preheated block can be pressed in with a die. If cracks form, repair welds are possible.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH8736/80A CH658008A5 (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1980-11-26 | Permanent mould for casting metals, process for making it and its use |
| ZA00812477A ZA812477B (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1981-04-14 | Permanent metal casting mold of low alloyed cooper alloy |
| AU70628/81A AU543125B2 (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1981-05-15 | Die casting machine die |
| JP56110632A JPS5791839A (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1981-07-15 | Durable mold for casting metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH8736/80A CH658008A5 (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1980-11-26 | Permanent mould for casting metals, process for making it and its use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH658008A5 true CH658008A5 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
Family
ID=4344121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH8736/80A CH658008A5 (en) | 1980-11-26 | 1980-11-26 | Permanent mould for casting metals, process for making it and its use |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5791839A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU543125B2 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH658008A5 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812477B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2868346A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-07 | Saint Gobain Pam Sa | MOLD FOR CASTING LIQUID METAL AND CORRESPONDING METHOD |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2539062B1 (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1986-06-13 | Sofrem | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOLDING LINGOTINS IN FERRO-ALLOYS BY COOLING IN COOLED COPPER SHELL |
| JPS60250868A (en) * | 1984-05-28 | 1985-12-11 | Ube Ind Ltd | Method for pouring molten metal into die |
| US4700769A (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1987-10-20 | Ohara Co., Ltd. | Casting apparatus for titanium or titanium alloy |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4728779U (en) * | 1971-04-21 | 1972-12-01 | ||
| JPS5636427U (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-08 |
-
1980
- 1980-11-26 CH CH8736/80A patent/CH658008A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-04-14 ZA ZA00812477A patent/ZA812477B/en unknown
- 1981-05-15 AU AU70628/81A patent/AU543125B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-07-15 JP JP56110632A patent/JPS5791839A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2868346A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-07 | Saint Gobain Pam Sa | MOLD FOR CASTING LIQUID METAL AND CORRESPONDING METHOD |
| WO2005097376A2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Saint-Gobain Pam | Mould for casting a liquid metal and associated method |
| WO2005097376A3 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-05-26 | Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson | Mould for casting a liquid metal and associated method |
| CN101014433B (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2010-05-05 | 圣-戈班Pam集团公司 | Mold for casting liquid metal and corresponding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7062881A (en) | 1982-06-03 |
| JPS5791839A (en) | 1982-06-08 |
| AU543125B2 (en) | 1985-04-04 |
| ZA812477B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |