CH427572A - Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process - Google Patents
Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this processInfo
- Publication number
- CH427572A CH427572A CH1489461A CH1489461A CH427572A CH 427572 A CH427572 A CH 427572A CH 1489461 A CH1489461 A CH 1489461A CH 1489461 A CH1489461 A CH 1489461A CH 427572 A CH427572 A CH 427572A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- parts
- nonionic surfactants
- tetrachlorethylene
- textile materials
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 aliphatic halogen hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010014 continuous dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 11
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IAOFZFVLKDFCRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol styrene Chemical compound Oc1ccccc1.C=Cc1ccccc1.C=Cc1ccccc1 IAOFZFVLKDFCRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Polymers S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940096386 coconut alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYECOAILUNWEAL-NUDFZHEQSA-N (4z)-4-[[2-methoxy-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-n-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-oxonaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1N\N=C(C1=CC=CC=C1C=1)/C(=O)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ZYECOAILUNWEAL-NUDFZHEQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium adipate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+) 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical class [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical class [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- BTLSLHNLDQCWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCO1 BTLSLHNLDQCWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B27/00—Hand grenades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
- B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
- F42B12/32—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction the hull or case comprising a plurality of discrete bodies, e.g. steel balls, embedded therein or disposed around the explosive charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Färben und Bedrucken von Textilmate rialien mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen.
In der NL-OS 7 008 546 ist ein Verfahren zum konti nuierlichen Färben und Bedrucken von Textilmaterialien beschrieben, wobei mit ionischen Farbstoffen hergestellte Färbungen getrocknet und danach einer Nachwäsche in Chlorkohlenwasserstofflösungen, die grenzflächenaktive Ver bindungen enthalten, unterzogen werden. Die grenzflächen- aktiven Verbindungen werden dabei vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass eine kationische Verbindung mit einem anionischen Farbstoff, oder umgekehrt, zusammentrifft.
In der genannten Veröffentlichung finden sich keine Hinweise in bezug auf die Löslichkeit der betreffenden Farbstoffe in den zu verwenden den Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen, und es wird dem Fachmann in keiner Weise nahegelegt, dass eine ähnliche Behandlung von Färbungen nichtionischer Farbstoffe, die in einem be stimmten Chlorkohlenwasserstoff eine bestimmte Mindest löslichkeit aufweisen, zu überraschenden Resultaten führen könnte.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass eine aus der genannten Offenlegungsschrift bekannte Nachbehandlung zu einer wesentlich verbesserten Reibechtheit von Färbungen bzw. Drucken führt, wenn man für die Färbung bzw. für den Druck Dispersionsfarbstoffe verwendet, die in Tetrachloräthylen eine bestimmte Mindestlöslichkeit aufweisen.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren, bei welchem man die Textilmaterialien zunächst mit wässrigen Flotten klotzt bzw. Druckpasten bedruckt, die a) Dispersionsfarbstoffe, die bei Zimmertemperatur eine Mindestlöslichkeit von 0,3 g je Kilogramm Tetrachloräthylen aufweisen und b) nichtionogene Tenside enthalten; dann trocknet und erhitzt und anschliessend einer Nach wäsche in aliphatischen Halogen-Kohlenwasserstoffen, vor zugsweise Tetrachloräthylen und Trichloräthylen, unterwirft.
Die in den Klotzflotten bzw. Druckpasten erfindungs- gemäss zu verwendenden, bei Zimmertemperatur eine Min destlöslichkeit von 0,3 g je Kilogramm Tetrachloräthylen auf weisenden Dispersionsfarbstoffe können den verschiedensten Farbstoffklassen angehören, z.
B. der Klasse der Anthra- chinon-, Monoazo-, Disazo-, Nitro- oder Chinophthalonfarb- stoffe, Dispersionsfarbstoffe mit der erforderlichen Mindest löslichkeit sind beispielsweise in folgenden deutschen Offen legungsschriften OS 1 930 777, 1 935 483, 1<B>937666,</B> <B>1</B>940 184, 1 939 897, 1 941 699, 1 942 317, 1 943 235, 1 943 536,<B>1</B>943 535, 1 950 493, 1 950 679, 1<B>954632,</B> 1 955 071, 1 955 893, 1 958 664, 1 958 097, 1<B>959097,</B> 1 959 32<B>1</B>, 1 959 777, 1 963 357, 2 004 13<B>1</B>, 1 963 735, 2 000 131, 2 003 708, 2 005 012, 2 017 504, 2 021 521 und 2 040 873 beschrieben. Bei den Dispersionsfarbstoffen kann es sich auch um optische Aufheller handeln, z. B.
Dispersions aufheller vom Typ der Benzoxazol-, Cumarin-, Stilben-, Naphthalimid- und Triazinylpyren-Aufheller, sofern sie die geforderte Mindestlöslichkeit aufweisen.
Zur Nachwäsche der gefärbten Textilmaterialien haben sich halogenierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Methy- lenchlorid, Chloroform, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Dichloräthan, Trichloräthan, Tetrachloräthan, Trifluortrichloräthan, insbe sondere aber Tetrachloräthylen und Trichloräthylen bewährt.
Die in dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zu verwenden den nichtionogenen Tenside sollen zweckmässig folgende Eigenschaften aufweisen: a) sie müssen eine einwandfreie Formierung (stabile Feinverteilung) der Dispersionsfarbstoffe in den wässrigen Farbstoffzubereitungen gewährleisten; b) sie müssen Thermosolierhilfsmittel sein, d. h. bewir- ken, dass bei der Farbstoffixierung das Fixieroptimum bei möglichst niedriger Temperatur erreicht wird; c) sie müssen in den Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen aus waschbar sein.
Nichtionogene Tenside, die diese Eigenschaften aufwei sen, gehören insbesondere zu folgenden nichtionischen Ver bindungstypen: a) Polyglykolverbindungen wie polyoxalkylierte Fettalko hole, polyoxalkylierte Polyole, polyoxalkylierte Mercaptane und aliphatische Amine, polyoxalkylierte Alkylphenole, (Alkyl)-Arylphenole und Alkylnaphthole, polyoxalkylierte Alkylarylmercaptane und Alkylarylamine, polyoxalkylierte Fettsäuren, Naphthensäure und Abietinsäure; b) Fettsäureester des Äthylen-, Propylen- und Butylen- glykols, des Glycerins bzw. der Polyglycerine und des Pent- aerythrits, sowie von Zuckeralkoholen, wie Sorbit, Sorbita- nen und der Saccharose;
c) N-Hydroxyalkyl-carbonamide, polyoxalkylierte Car- bonamide und Sulfonamide; d) flüssige Polyalkylenglykole, insbesondere Polyäthylen- glykole.
Als nichtionogene Tenside haben sich besonders die fol genden Äthylenoxid-Anlagerungsprodukte bewährt: Die An lagerungsprodukte von 7-30 Mol Äthylenoxid an 1 Mol 4-Nonylphenol; 15-40 Mol Äthylenoxid an Oleylalkohol oder Cocosalkohol; 10-30 Mol Äthylenoxid an Ölsäure, Ricinolsäure oder Cocosfettsäure; 15-40 Mol Äthylenoxid an Rizinusöl; 20-50 Mol Äthylenoxid an Abietinsäure; 10-15 Mol Äthylenoxid an p-Oxydiphenyl bzw. dessen Alkyl- oder Aralkylderivate und (0,25-4 : 1)-Mischpolymerisate aus Propylenoxid und Äthylenoxid.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wird vorteilhaft in fol gender Weise ausgeführt: Die Dispersionsfarbstoffe werden unter Zusatz von Was ser mit den nichtionogenen Tensiden vermahlen; die Tensid menge wird dabei so bemessen, dass das Tensid etwa 10 bis 100%, vorzugsweise 30-70%, der Farbstoffmenge beträgt. Die nach dem Vermahlen erhaltenen feindispersen Farb stoffteige mit einem Reinfarbstoffgehalt von 10 bis 30% wer den anschliessend mit Wasser auf die für das Färben mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen übliche Farbstoffkonzentration ver dünnt. Die Textilmaterialien werden mit den Flotten geklotzt, auf eine Gewichtszunahme von 60-200% abgequetscht, dann bei 80 bis 120 C getrocknet und zur Fixierung der Farbstoffe in üblicher Weise einer kurzzeitigen (etwa 30-90sekundigen) Hitzebehandlung bei 180-220 C unterworfen.
Anschliessend werden die Textilmaterialien in den aliphatischen Chlorkoh lenwasserstoffen, vorzugsweise Tetrachloräthylen, gegebenen falls unter gelindem Erwärmen des organischen Lösungs mittels auf 40-60 C nachgewaschen.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich für das kontinuierliche Färben und Bedrucken aller Textilmaterialien, die mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen färbbar sind; es sind dies Fasern aus synthetischen Polyamiden, wie Poly-c-caprolactam, Polyhexamethylendiaminadipat und Poly-w-amino-undecan- säure; Polyacrylnitril und Cellulose-2¸-acetat, insbeson dere aber für Textilmaterialien aus Fasern aus Cellulose- triacetat und Polyestern, wie Polyäthylenterephthalaten und Polyestern aus 1,4-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexan und Terephthalsäure.
Die mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens erhal tenen Färbungen zeichnen sich a) durch ausgezeichnete Fixierausbeute und b) durch hervorragende Echtheiten, z. B. Reibechthei- ten, aus. Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens gelingt es, mit Dispersionsfarbstoffen anfärbbare Textilmaterialien der verschiedensten Art mit geringem apparativem Aufwand in ausgezeichneten Echtheiten schonend und praktisch ohne Anfall von Abwasser kontinuierlich zu färben.
Das erfin- dungsgemässe Verfahren vereinigt in sich die Vorteile des Färbens aus wässrigen Medien - ausgezeichnete Echtheiten der erhaltenen Färbungen, Arbeiten in offenen Gefässen mit den Vorteilen des Färbens aus organischen Lösungs mitteln - unbeeinträchtigtes Warenbild, praktisch kein Anfall an Abwässern - ohne die Nachteile dieser Verfahren aufzu weisen.
Die mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erzielten Vorteile waren für den Fachmann überraschend; wie aus der Veröffentlichung von E. Brunnschweiler Textilveredlung aus organischen Lösungsmitteln , Textilveredlung 5 (1970), 10, Seiten 767-768, hervorgeht, hatte die Fachwelt ein Ver fahren zum kontinuierlichen Färben von Textilmaterialien, bei dem diese mit wässrigen Farbflotten geklotzt und mit orga nischen Lösungsmitteln nachbehandelt werden, für wenig sinnvoll gehalten. Beim Färben aus wässrigen Flotten mit den üblichen Dispersionsfarbstoffen und anschliessender Nach wäsche der getrockneten und thermosolierten Textilmateria lien mit Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen werden in der Tat Fär bungen mit unzureichenden Echtheiten erhalten.
Erst durch Abwandlung der üblichen mit wässrigen Flotten arbeitenden Verfahren - Verwendung von Dispersionsfarb stoffen, die eine bestimmte Mindestlöslichkeit in Perchlor äthylen aufweisen und Verwendung nichtionischer Tenside anstelle der üblicherweise in Dispersionsfarbstofformierun gen verwendeten anionischen Tenside -gelangt man zu einem kontinuierlichen Färbeverfahren, das sowohl gegenüber den üblichen mit wässrigen Flotten als auch den neuen mit orga nischen Lösungsmitteln arbeitenden Kontinue-Verfahren Vor teile bietet.
Die in den nachfolgenden Beispielen genannten Teile sind Gewichtsteile.
Beispiel 1 100 Teile des Farbstoffs der Formel
EMI0002.0002
40 Teile des Umsetzungsproduktes von 1 Mol 2'-Benzyl- 4-hydroxy-diphenyl mit 12 Mol Äthylenoxid und 470 Teile Wasser werden zusammen in der Kugelmühle vermahlen. 98 Teile des so erhaltenen stabilen, feindispersen Farbstoffteigs (Farb stoffgehalt: 16,4%) werden mit Wasser auf 1 Liter verdünnt.
Mit dieser Farbstoff flotte wird ein Gewebe aus Polyäthylen- terephthalatfasern geklotzt; nach dem Abquetschen auf eine Gewichtszunahme von 100%, Trocknen bei 80 C und 60se- kundigem Thermosolieren bei 190 C wird das Gewebe bei Raumtemperatur in Tetrachloräthylen gewaschen und an- schliessend getrocknet.
Es wird in hoher Fixierausbeute eine ausgezeichnet reib echte Rotviolett-Färbung erhalten.
Beispiel 2 <B>100</B> Teile des Farbstoffs der Formel
EMI0002.0011
50 Teile des Umsetzungsproduktes von 1 Mol p-Nonyl- phenol und 30 Mol Äthylenoxid und 480 Teile Wasser werden zusammen vermahlen. 98 Teile des stabilen, feindisper sen Teiges (Farbstoffgehalt: 15,9%) werden mit Wasser auf 1 Liter verdünnt. Mit dieser Färbeflotte wird ein Gewirk aus Polyäthylenterephthalatfasern imprägniert; nach dem Ab quetschen auf eine Gewichtszunahme von 100%, Trocknen bei 90 C und 60sekundiger Trockenhitzebehandlung bei 200 C wird das Gewirk bei Raumtemperatur mit Tetrachlor äthylen gewaschen.
Es wird in hoher Fixierausbeute eine gleichmässige, aus gezeichnet reibechte, brillante Marineblau-Färbung erhalten. Beispiel 3 100 Teile des Farbstoffs der Formel
EMI0002.0015
50 Teile des Umsetzungsproduktes von 1 Mol 2'-Benzyl- 4-hydroxydiphenyl und 12 Mol Äthylenoxid und 540 Teile Wasser werden zusammen in der Kugelmühle vermahlen. 110 Teile des erhaltenen stabilen feindispersen Teiges (Farbstoffgehalt: 14,5%) werden mit Wasser auf 1 Liter verdünnt.
Ein Gewebe aus Polyäthylenterephthalatfasern wird mit dieser Farbflotte geklotzt; nach dem Abquetschen auf eine Gewichtszunahme von 100%, Trocknen bei 80 C und 90sekundiger Trocken hitzebehandlung bei 200 C wird das Gewebe bei Raumtem peratur mit Tetrachloräthylen gewaschen. Es wird in hoher Fixierausbeute eine tiefe, gleichmässige, ausgezeichnet reibechte, brillante Gelbfärbung erhalten. Die Abkürzung ÄO in den Beispielen 4-17 bedeutet Äthylenoxid. In den mit *) bezeichneten Beispielen wurde mit etwa 60 C warmem Tetrachloräthylen nachgewaschen.
EMI0003.0000
EMI0004.0000
Beispiel 17 100 Teile des Farbstoffs der Formel
EMI0004.0001
50 Teile eines der nachstehend beschriebenen nichtionoge- nen Tenside und 540 Teile Wasser werden zusammen in einer Kugelmühle vermahlen. 100 Teile des erhaltenen stabilen, feindispersen Teiges (Farbstoff gehalt: 14,5%) werden mit Wasser auf 1 Liter verdünnt. Ein Gewebe aus Polyesterfasern wird mit dieser Farbflotte ge klotzt; nach dem Abquetschen auf eine Gewichtszunahme von 100%, Trocknen bei 80 C und 60sekundigem Thermoso- lieren bei 200 C wird das Gewebe bei Raumtemperatur mit Tetrachloräthylen gewaschen. Es wird eine gleichmässige, ausgezeichnet reibechte, bril lante Rot-Färbung erhalten.
Als nichtionogene Tenside wurden folgende Umsetzungs produkte eingesetzt: a) 2'-Benzyl-4-hydroxydiphenyl + 12 ÄO b) p-Nonylphenol + 7 ÄO c) p-Nonylphenol + 10 ÄO d) p-Nonylphenol + 15 ÄO e) p-Nonylphenol + 20 ÄO f) p-Nonylphenol + 30 ÄO g) Oleylalkohol + 20 ÄO h) Oleylalkohol +15 ÄO i) Ölsäure + 15 ÄO j) Cocosfettsäure + 15 ÄO k) Cocosalkohol + 15 ÄO 1) Abietinsäure + 40 ÄO m) Abietinsäure + 24 ÄO n) Abietinsäure + 50 ÄO o) Ricinolsäure + 40 ÄO p) Phenol-Methylstyrol-(1:1)-Addukt + 16 ÄO q) Phenol-Methylstyrol-(1:1)-Addukt + 27 ÄO r) Phenol-Methylstyrol-(1:1)-Addukt + 50 ÄO s) Phenol-Styrol-(1:2,7)-Addukt + 10 ÄO t) Phenol-Styrol-(1:2,7)-Addukt + 20 ÄO u) Phenol-Styrol-(1:2,7)-Addukt + 30 ÄO v) Mischpolymerisate aus Propylenoxid + Äthylenoxid (1:4) w) Mischpolymerisate aus Propylenoxid + Äthylenoxid (2:
3) x) Mischpolymerisate aus Propylenoxid + Äthylenoxid (4:1) Beispiel 18 100 Teile des in der britischen Patentschrift 1 113 918, Bei spiel 1c, beschriebenen optischen Weisstöners, 50 Teile des Umsetzungsproduktes von 1 Mol p-Nonyl- phenol und 16 Mol ÄO und 350 Teile Wasser werden zusammen in einer Kugelmühle vermahlen. 10 Teile des erhaltenen stabilen feindispersen Teiges (Weisstöner- gehalt: 20%) werden mit Wasser auf 11 verdünnt.
Ein Gewebe aus Polyäthylenterephthalatfasern wird mit dieser Flotte im prägniert; nach dem Abquetschen auf eine Gewichtszunahme von etwa 60%, Trocknen bei 90 C und 30sekundiger Hitze behandlung bei 185'C wird das Gewebe bei Raumtemperatur mit Tetrachloräthylen gewaschen.
Es wird ein ausgezeichnet optisch weissgetöntes Gewebe erhalten.
Beispiel 19 100 Teile des in der britischen Patentschrift 1 113 918, Beispiel 1c, beschriebenen optischen Weisstöners, 70 Teile des Umsetzungsproduktes aus 1 Mol Oleylalkohol und 50 Mol ÄO und 330 Teile Wasser werden zusammen in einer Kugelmühle vermahlen. 5 Teile des erhaltenen feindispersen Teiges (Weisstöncrgehalt: 20%) werden mit Wasser auf 1 1 verdünnt. Ein Gewirke aus textu rierten Polyesterfasern wird mit dieser Flotte imprägniert und mit Hilfe eines Foulards auf eine Gewichtszunahme von etwa 200% abgequetscht. Nach dem Trocknen bei 100 C, 30sekundigem Thermofixieren bei 175 C wird das Gewirk bei Raumtemperatur mit Tetrachloräthylen gewaschen und abschliessend getrocknet.
Es wird ein ausgezeichnet optisch weissgetöntes Gewirk erhalten, dessen Texturierung durch den Aufhellprozess nicht beeinträchtigt wurde.
The present invention relates to a process for the continuous dyeing and printing of textile mate rials with disperse dyes.
In NL-OS 7 008 546 a method for continuous dyeing and printing of textile materials is described, whereby dyeings produced with ionic dyes are dried and then rewashed in chlorinated hydrocarbon solutions containing surface-active compounds are subjected. The surface-active compounds are preferably chosen such that a cationic compound meets an anionic dye, or vice versa.
In the publication mentioned there are no references to the solubility of the dyes in question in the chlorinated hydrocarbons to be used, and it is in no way suggested to the person skilled in the art that a similar treatment of dyeings of nonionic dyes, which in a certain chlorinated hydrocarbon is a certain Have minimum solubility, could lead to surprising results.
It has now been found that an after-treatment known from the cited laid-open specification leads to significantly improved rubbing fastness of dyeings or prints if disperse dyes which have a certain minimum solubility in tetrachlorethylene are used for dyeing or printing.
The invention relates to a process in which the textile materials are first padded with aqueous liquors or printed with printing pastes which contain a) disperse dyes which have a minimum solubility of 0.3 g per kilogram of tetrachlorethylene at room temperature and b) contain nonionic surfactants; then dried and heated and then subjected to a post wash in aliphatic halogen hydrocarbons, preferably before tetrachlorethylene and trichlorethylene.
The disperse dyes to be used in accordance with the invention in the padding liquors or printing pastes, a minimum solubility of 0.3 g per kilogram of tetrachlorethylene at room temperature, can belong to a wide variety of dye classes, eg.
B. the class of anthraquinone, monoazo, disazo, nitro or quinophthalone dyes, disperse dyes with the required minimum solubility are for example in the following German Offenlegungsschriften OS 1,930,777, 1,935,483, 1 937666 , </B> <B> 1 </B> 940 184, 1 939 897, 1 941 699, 1 942 317, 1 943 235, 1 943 536, <B> 1 </B> 943 535, 1 950 493 , 1 950 679, 1 <B> 954632, </B> 1 955 071, 1 955 893, 1 958 664, 1 958 097, 1 <B> 959097, </B> 1 959 32 <B> 1 </ B>, 1 959 777, 1 963 357, 2 004 13 <B> 1 </B>, 1 963 735, 2 000 131, 2 003 708, 2 005 012, 2 017 504, 2 021 521 and 2 040 873 described. The disperse dyes can also be optical brighteners, e.g. B.
Dispersion brighteners of the benzoxazole, coumarin, stilbene, naphthalimide and triazinylpyrene brightener type, provided they have the required minimum solubility.
For rewashing the dyed textile materials, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, trifluorotrichloroethane, but in particular special tetrachlorethylene and trichlorethylene have proven useful.
The nonionic surfactants to be used in the process according to the invention should expediently have the following properties: a) they must ensure perfect formation (stable fine distribution) of the disperse dyes in the aqueous dye preparations; b) they must be a thermal insulation aid, d. H. cause the dye fixation to achieve optimum fixation at the lowest possible temperature; c) they must be washable in the halogenated hydrocarbons.
Nonionic surfactants which have these properties belong in particular to the following nonionic compound types: a) Polyglycol compounds such as polyoxalkylated fatty alcohols, polyoxalkylated polyols, polyoxalkylated mercaptans and aliphatic amines, polyoxalkylated alkylphenols, (alkyl) arylphenols and alkylnaphthols, polyoxalkylated alkylaryl mercaptans, polyoxyalkylated fatty acids, naphthenic acid and abietic acid; b) fatty acid esters of ethylene, propylene and butylene glycol, of glycerol or of polyglycerols and pentaerythritol, and of sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, sorbitan and sucrose;
c) N-hydroxyalkyl carbonamides, polyoxyalkylated carbonamides and sulfonamides; d) liquid polyalkylene glycols, especially polyethylene glycols.
The following ethylene oxide addition products have proven particularly useful as nonionic surfactants: The addition products of 7-30 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of 4-nonylphenol; 15-40 moles of ethylene oxide on oleyl alcohol or coconut alcohol; 10-30 moles of ethylene oxide in oleic acid, ricinoleic acid or coconut fatty acid; 15-40 moles of ethylene oxide on castor oil; 20-50 moles of ethylene oxide in abietic acid; 10-15 mol of ethylene oxide on p-oxydiphenyl or its alkyl or aralkyl derivatives and (0.25-4: 1) copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.
The inventive method is advantageously carried out in the following manner: the disperse dyes are ground with the addition of water with the nonionic surfactants; the amount of surfactant is measured so that the surfactant is about 10 to 100%, preferably 30-70%, of the amount of dye. The finely divided dye dough obtained after grinding with a pure dye content of 10 to 30% who is then diluted with water to the dye concentration usual for dyeing with disperse dyes. The textile materials are padded with the liquor, squeezed off to a weight increase of 60-200%, then dried at 80 to 120 ° C and subjected to a brief (about 30-90 seconds) heat treatment at 180-220 ° C in the usual way to fix the dyes.
The textile materials are then washed in the aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, preferably tetrachlorethylene, if necessary, with gentle heating of the organic solvent to 40-60 ° C.
The process according to the invention is suitable for the continuous dyeing and printing of all textile materials which can be dyed with disperse dyes; these are fibers made from synthetic polyamides, such as poly-c-caprolactam, polyhexamethylene diamine adipate and poly-w-amino-undecanoic acid; Polyacrylonitrile and cellulose-2¸-acetate, but in particular for textile materials made of fibers made of cellulose triacetate and polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalates and polyesters made of 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane and terephthalic acid.
The dyeings obtained with the aid of the process according to the invention are distinguished by a) excellent fixation yield and b) excellent fastness properties, e.g. B. Rubbing fastness. With the aid of the process according to the invention it is possible to dye the most varied of types of textile materials which can be dyed with disperse dyes with little expenditure on equipment and with excellent fastness properties, gently and with practically no waste water.
The process according to the invention combines the advantages of dyeing from aqueous media - excellent fastness properties of the dyeings obtained, working in open vessels with the advantages of dyeing from organic solvents - unimpaired appearance of the goods, practically no accumulation of waste water - without the disadvantages of these processes to show.
The advantages achieved with the process according to the invention were surprising to the person skilled in the art; As from the publication by E. Brunnschweiler Textilveredlung aus organic solvents, Textilveredlung 5 (1970), 10, pages 767-768, the experts had a method for continuous dyeing of textile materials, in which these padded with aqueous dye liquors and with orga niche solvents are post-treated, considered to make little sense. When dyeing from aqueous liquors with the customary disperse dyes and then washing the dried and thermosolated textile materials with halogenated hydrocarbons, dyeings with inadequate fastness properties are indeed obtained.
Only by modifying the usual processes working with aqueous liquors - using disperse dyes which have a certain minimum solubility in perchlorethylene and using nonionic surfactants instead of the anionic surfactants usually used in disperse dyestuff formations - one arrives at a continuous dyeing process that is different from the usual with aqueous liquors as well as the new continuous processes that work with organic solvents.
The parts mentioned in the following examples are parts by weight.
Example 1 100 parts of the dye of the formula
EMI0002.0002
40 parts of the reaction product of 1 mole of 2'-benzyl-4-hydroxy-diphenyl with 12 moles of ethylene oxide and 470 parts of water are ground together in a ball mill. 98 parts of the stable, finely dispersed dye dough thus obtained (dye content: 16.4%) are diluted to 1 liter with water.
A fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers is padded with this dye liquor; After squeezing to a weight increase of 100%, drying at 80 ° C. and thermosoling for 60 seconds at 190 ° C., the fabric is washed in tetrachlorethylene at room temperature and then dried.
A red-violet coloration with excellent rub resistance is obtained with a high fixing yield.
Example 2 100 parts of the dye of the formula
EMI0002.0011
50 parts of the reaction product of 1 mole of p-nonylphenol and 30 moles of ethylene oxide and 480 parts of water are ground together. 98 parts of the stable, finely dispersed dough (dye content: 15.9%) are diluted to 1 liter with water. A knitted fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers is impregnated with this dye liquor; After squeezing to a weight increase of 100%, drying at 90 C and 60 seconds dry heat treatment at 200 C, the knitted fabric is washed with ethylene tetrachloride at room temperature.
A uniform, brilliant navy blue coloration, which is excellent and fast to rub, is obtained in a high fixing yield. Example 3 100 parts of the dye of the formula
EMI0002.0015
50 parts of the reaction product of 1 mole of 2'-benzyl-4-hydroxydiphenyl and 12 moles of ethylene oxide and 540 parts of water are ground together in a ball mill. 110 parts of the stable, finely dispersed dough obtained (dye content: 14.5%) are diluted to 1 liter with water.
A fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers is padded with this dye liquor; After squeezing to a weight increase of 100%, drying at 80 C and 90 seconds dry heat treatment at 200 C, the fabric is washed with tetrachlorethylene at room temperature. A deep, uniform, brilliantly rub-fast, brilliant yellow coloration is obtained with a high fixing yield. The abbreviation AO in Examples 4-17 means ethylene oxide. In the examples marked with *), tetrachlorethylene was washed with warm tetrachlorethylene at about 60 C.
EMI0003.0000
EMI0004.0000
Example 17 100 parts of the dye of the formula
EMI0004.0001
50 parts of one of the nonionic surfactants described below and 540 parts of water are ground together in a ball mill. 100 parts of the stable, finely dispersed dough obtained (dye content: 14.5%) are diluted to 1 liter with water. A fabric made of polyester fibers is padded with this dye liquor; after squeezing to a weight increase of 100%, drying at 80 ° C. and thermosoling for 60 seconds at 200 ° C., the fabric is washed with tetrachlorethylene at room temperature. A uniform, brilliantly rub-fast, brilliant red coloration is obtained.
The following reaction products were used as non-ionic surfactants: a) 2'-Benzyl-4-hydroxydiphenyl + 12 AO b) p-Nonylphenol + 7 AO c) p-Nonylphenol + 10 AO d) p-Nonylphenol + 15 AO e) p- Nonylphenol + 20 ÄO f) p-Nonylphenol + 30 ÄO g) Oleyl alcohol + 20 ÄO h) Oleyl alcohol +15 ÄO i) Oleic acid + 15 ÄO j) Coconut fatty acid + 15 ÄO k) Coconut alcohol + 15 ÄO 1) Abietic acid + 40 ÄO m) Abietic acid + 24 ÄO n) Abietic acid + 50 ÄO o) Ricinoleic acid + 40 ÄO p) Phenol-methylstyrene (1: 1) adduct + 16 ÄO q) Phenol-methylstyrene (1: 1) adduct + 27 ÄO r) Phenol-methylstyrene (1: 1) adduct + 50 AO s) phenol-styrene (1: 2.7) adduct + 10 AO t) phenol-styrene (1: 2.7) adduct + 20 AO u) phenol-styrene (1: 2.7) adduct + 30 ÄO v) copolymers of propylene oxide + ethylene oxide (1: 4) w) copolymers of propylene oxide + ethylene oxide (2:
3) x) copolymers of propylene oxide + ethylene oxide (4: 1) Example 18 100 parts of the optical whitener described in British Patent 1,113,918, Example 1c, 50 parts of the reaction product of 1 mol of p-nonylphenol and 16 mol ÄO and 350 parts of water are ground together in a ball mill. 10 parts of the stable finely disperse dough obtained (whitener content: 20%) are diluted to 11 with water.
A fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers is impregnated with this liquor; after squeezing to a weight increase of about 60%, drying at 90 ° C. and 30 seconds of heat treatment at 185 ° C., the fabric is washed with tetrachlorethylene at room temperature.
A fabric with an excellent optically white tint is obtained.
Example 19 100 parts of the optical whitener described in British patent specification 1,113,918, example 1c, 70 parts of the reaction product of 1 mol of oleyl alcohol and 50 mol of AO and 330 parts of water are ground together in a ball mill. 5 parts of the finely dispersed dough obtained (whitener content: 20%) are diluted to 1 liter with water. A knitted fabric made of textured polyester fibers is impregnated with this liquor and squeezed off with the aid of a padder to a weight increase of about 200%. After drying at 100 ° C. and thermosetting for 30 seconds at 175 ° C., the knitted fabric is washed with tetrachlorethylene at room temperature and then dried.
A knitted fabric with an excellent optically white tint is obtained, the texturing of which was not affected by the lightening process.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL278102D NL278102A (en) | 1961-05-05 | ||
| CH528961A CH385677A (en) | 1961-12-22 | 1961-05-05 | Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process |
| DEO8117A DE1212294B (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1961-06-13 | Process for the production of the casing of an ammunition body |
| CH1489461A CH427572A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1961-12-22 | Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process |
| DE1962O0006398 DE1886140U (en) | 1961-12-22 | 1962-02-16 | Explosive Grenades. |
| DK203062AA DK112365B (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-05-04 | Method for producing a projectile body and a projectile body manufactured according to the method. |
| GB17246/62A GB1012726A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-05-04 | Process for hanufacturing ammunition bodies and ammunition bodies manufactured thereby |
| ES277013A ES277013A1 (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-05-04 | A procedure for the manufacture of a projectile (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| FR896581A FR1327972A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-05-05 | Process for the manufacture of an ammunition and this ammunition itself |
| BE617312A BE617312A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-05-07 | Process for the manufacture of an ammunition and this ammunition itself |
| US209162A US3284559A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1962-07-11 | Process for manufacturing ammunition bodies |
| US560399A US3493142A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1966-04-21 | Ammunition body |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH528961A CH385677A (en) | 1961-12-22 | 1961-05-05 | Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process |
| CH1489461A CH427572A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1961-12-22 | Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH427572A true CH427572A (en) | 1966-12-31 |
Family
ID=25697391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1489461A CH427572A (en) | 1961-05-05 | 1961-12-22 | Process for the production of an ammunition body and ammunition body produced by this process |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3284559A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE617312A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH427572A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1212294B (en) |
| DK (1) | DK112365B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1012726A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL278102A (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3878791A (en) * | 1969-01-17 | 1975-04-22 | Us Air Force | Encapsulated pellet igniter charge |
| US3912080A (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1975-10-14 | Ragnar O Winberg | Container of plastic foil |
| US3957327A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1976-05-18 | Parrish's Cake Decorating Supplies, Inc. | Protective cover for wedding cakes, or other display items |
| IT1108788B (en) * | 1978-07-25 | 1985-12-09 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | GRENADE |
| DE2834211C2 (en) * | 1978-08-04 | 1982-08-05 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Molding device for producing moldings from at least two interconnected partial moldings made of moldable material, in particular rubber |
| DE3528609A1 (en) * | 1984-08-28 | 1986-03-13 | Oregon Etablissement für Patentverwertung, Mauren | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A GRENADE BODY |
| DE3660785D1 (en) * | 1985-03-04 | 1988-10-27 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | Grenade body, especially for hand grenades |
| AT387281B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1988-12-27 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | SPLITTER BODY FOR GRENADES, ESPECIALLY HAND GRENADES |
| IT1219120B (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1990-05-03 | Dario Orsini | INJECTION MOLDING PROCEDURE OF POLYMERIC CABLE ITEMS FOR THE CONTAINMENT AND CONVEYMENT OF SEAL OF FLUIDS AND MANUFACTURED OBTAINED WITH THIS PROCEDURE |
| US5054418A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1991-10-08 | Union Oil Company Of California | Cage boat having removable slats |
| DE4293648T1 (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1995-04-13 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems | Airbag arrangement |
| FR2692034A1 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-10 | Dercipp Sarl | Anti-personnel grenade - has shrapnel held in shape by binding agent of resin, plastic or other material between explosive and outer thermo-shrink shell |
| GB2269887A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-02-23 | Autoliv Dev | Steering wheels. |
| US5858262A (en) * | 1994-08-15 | 1999-01-12 | Toymax Inc. | Mold for forming multi-sided, fully contoured, three-dimensional toy figures |
| US5837180A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-11-17 | Fluoroware, Inc. | Composite plastic sanitary fitting |
| US20070209500A1 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-13 | System Planning Corporation | Method and apparatus for disarming an explosive device |
| USD685543S1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-07-02 | Carson Optical, Inc. | Air blower |
| US10611064B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-04-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for sequentially fabricating a cartridge casebody through injection molding |
| CN111546569B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-12-15 | 广东明华机械有限公司 | Automatic injection molding assembly production line for grenade shell |
| CN111497147B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-12-01 | 广东明华机械有限公司 | Torpedo inner bushing injection mold structure |
Family Cites Families (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA617519A (en) * | 1961-04-04 | Leitner Karl | Shell | |
| DE382707C (en) * | 1923-10-05 | Theodor Pantoflicek | Projectile, in particular hand grenades, mines or the like. | |
| BE565116A (en) * | ||||
| US751089A (en) * | 1904-02-02 | malette | ||
| FR488026A (en) * | 1915-08-03 | 1918-08-13 | Jacques Alfred Mathey Doret | Hand grenade |
| DE570242C (en) * | 1926-09-29 | 1934-02-06 | Richard Postlack | Method for manufacturing electrical capacitors, in which the active body is covered in a mold with a jacket made of an insulating material that softens when heated, using pressure and heat |
| AT148187B (en) * | 1931-06-09 | 1936-12-28 | Daniel Swarovski | Process for the production of jewelery set with stones. |
| GB475083A (en) * | 1935-06-06 | 1937-11-12 | Materiels Et Armements Moderne | Improvements in the percussion mechanism of time fuzes for hand grenades and the like |
| FR823418A (en) * | 1936-09-30 | 1938-01-20 | Hauts Fourneaux Sa | Process for manufacturing egg-shaped bombs and bombs obtained by this process |
| US2199144A (en) * | 1937-05-03 | 1940-04-30 | Standard Products Co | Method of injecting thermoplastic material into a mold |
| US2285963A (en) * | 1938-05-06 | 1942-06-09 | Joseph A Gits | Knob structure and method of making same |
| US2269953A (en) * | 1939-04-22 | 1942-01-13 | Louis H Morin | Method of die casting thermoplastics |
| GB542463A (en) * | 1940-01-11 | 1942-01-12 | Harold Coban | Hand grenades |
| US2385398A (en) * | 1942-09-11 | 1945-09-25 | Fibre Forming Corp | Hand grenade body |
| US2357950A (en) * | 1943-08-05 | 1944-09-12 | Gerald A Goessling | Process of making metal-coated plastic articles |
| US2564751A (en) * | 1945-05-19 | 1951-08-21 | Lawrence H Cook | Grenade |
| US2763032A (en) * | 1949-06-14 | 1956-09-18 | Howard G Fay | Method of injection molding around a plurality of inserts |
| FR1022124A (en) * | 1950-07-18 | 1953-02-27 | Removable or folding plastic bottles and joint system usable for all plastic objects | |
| US2773657A (en) * | 1951-02-28 | 1956-12-11 | Coats & Clark | Plastic jacketed spool |
| US2762303A (en) * | 1951-05-22 | 1956-09-11 | Cecil C Fawcett | Hand grenade explodable into fragments of predetermined physical characteristics |
| US2720332A (en) * | 1952-04-04 | 1955-10-11 | Danielson Mfg Company | Plastic hollow housing construction |
| IT517238A (en) * | 1953-06-19 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US2762187A (en) * | 1954-01-26 | 1956-09-11 | John C Fortis | Lawnmower clipper attachment |
| US2871152A (en) * | 1955-12-06 | 1959-01-27 | Frank J Tobin | Laminated tile |
| AT201847B (en) * | 1956-02-09 | 1959-01-26 | Richard Jonke | Injection molding process |
| US2803865A (en) * | 1956-04-09 | 1957-08-27 | Eljanian George | Joining separate molded sections of polyethylene |
| US2903389A (en) * | 1956-08-03 | 1959-09-08 | Fujita Toshitsune | Method of molding reinforced plastics |
| US3037652A (en) * | 1956-09-18 | 1962-06-05 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Receptacle having protective coating |
| US3090620A (en) * | 1958-04-04 | 1963-05-21 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Bowling ball |
| BE577808A (en) * | 1958-04-21 |
-
0
- NL NL278102D patent/NL278102A/xx unknown
-
1961
- 1961-06-13 DE DEO8117A patent/DE1212294B/en active Pending
- 1961-12-22 CH CH1489461A patent/CH427572A/en unknown
-
1962
- 1962-05-04 GB GB17246/62A patent/GB1012726A/en not_active Expired
- 1962-05-04 DK DK203062AA patent/DK112365B/en unknown
- 1962-05-07 BE BE617312A patent/BE617312A/en unknown
- 1962-07-11 US US209162A patent/US3284559A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1966
- 1966-04-21 US US560399A patent/US3493142A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3493142A (en) | 1970-02-03 |
| DE1212294B (en) | 1966-03-10 |
| GB1012726A (en) | 1965-12-08 |
| US3284559A (en) | 1966-11-08 |
| BE617312A (en) | 1962-08-31 |
| NL278102A (en) | |
| DK112365B (en) | 1968-12-02 |
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