BR9912827A - Composições tópicas compreendendo um analgésico opióide e um antagonista de nmda - Google Patents
Composições tópicas compreendendo um analgésico opióide e um antagonista de nmdaInfo
- Publication number
- BR9912827A BR9912827A BR9912827-6A BR9912827A BR9912827A BR 9912827 A BR9912827 A BR 9912827A BR 9912827 A BR9912827 A BR 9912827A BR 9912827 A BR9912827 A BR 9912827A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- morphine
- topical
- tolerance
- nmda
- peripheral
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 8
- 239000003703 n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000014 opioid analgesic Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 abstract 16
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 abstract 8
- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- HPZJMUBDEAMBFI-WTNAPCKOSA-N (D-Ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly-ol(5))enkephalin Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)NCCO)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HPZJMUBDEAMBFI-WTNAPCKOSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 108700022183 Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- Enkephalin Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 108010092674 Enkephalins Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- URLZCHNOLZSCCA-VABKMULXSA-N Leu-enkephalin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 URLZCHNOLZSCCA-VABKMULXSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 [D-Ala2 Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000004868 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090001041 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- SCIFESDRCALIIM-VIFPVBQESA-N N-methyl-L-phenylalanine Chemical compound C[NH2+][C@H](C([O-])=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCIFESDRCALIIM-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940127523 NMDA Receptor Antagonists Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940099433 NMDA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000003840 Opioid Receptors Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090000137 Opioid Receptors Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000936 topical exposure Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4468—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having a nitrogen directly attached in position 4, e.g. clebopride, fentanyl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/33—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
- A61P23/02—Local anaesthetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Patente de Invenção: <B>"COMPOSIçõES TóPICAS COMPREENDENDO UM ANALGéSICO OPIóIDE E UM ANTAGONISTA DE NMDA"<D>. Um paradigma de opióide tópico foi desenvolvido para determinar os efeitos periféricos analgésicos da morfina. A morfina tópica, assim como os peptídeos, tais como [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]encefalina (DAMGO) produziu uma potente analgesia dependente de dose, usando o ensaio de calor radiante de agitação da cauda. As drogas tópicas potenciaram os agentes sistêmicos, de modo similar à sinergia previamente estabelecida entre os locais de ação periférico e central. A tolerância local foi rapidamente produzida mediante exposição diária tópica repetida à morfina. A tolerância à morfina tópica foi efetivamente bloqueada pelo antagonista do receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA), MK801, e foi dado cetamina de forma sistêmica ou de forma tópica. Os antagonistas do receptor de NMDA reverteram a tolerância à morfina já existente. A atividade tópica dos antagonistas de NMDA para bloquear a tolerância local à morfina, sugere que os receptores periféricos de NMDA promovem a mediação da tolerância tópica à morfina. A morfina foi cruzada com a tolerância do [D-Ala², MePhe^ 4^, Gly(ol)^ 5^]encefalina (DAMGO), mas não foi cruzada com a morfina-6ß-glucuronida, vinculando diferentes mecanismos de ação. Essas observações são de grande importância no modelo e uso dos opióides clinicamente. São descritas composições farmacêuticas tópicas que compreendem um analgésico que atua através de um receptor de opiato e um antagonista de receptor de NMDA, para produção de analgesia sem induzir tolerância.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9298298P | 1998-07-16 | 1998-07-16 | |
| PCT/US1999/016049 WO2000003716A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-15 | Topical compositions comprising an opioid analgesic and an nmda antagonist |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9912827A true BR9912827A (pt) | 2001-05-02 |
Family
ID=22236108
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR9912827-6A BR9912827A (pt) | 1998-07-16 | 1999-07-15 | Composições tópicas compreendendo um analgésico opióide e um antagonista de nmda |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7700122B1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP1102589B1 (pt) |
| JP (2) | JP2002520363A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR100762018B1 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1309562A (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE344035T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU758448B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9912827A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2336902C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69933874T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK1102589T3 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2198196B2 (pt) |
| IL (2) | IL140834A0 (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT1102589E (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2000003716A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR9912827A (pt) | 1998-07-16 | 2001-05-02 | Sloan Kettering Inst Cancer | Composições tópicas compreendendo um analgésico opióide e um antagonista de nmda |
| BR0010653A (pt) | 1999-03-23 | 2002-02-05 | Univ James Cook | Parada, proteção e preservação de orgãos |
| US6455066B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-09-24 | Epicept Corporation | Intradermal-penetration agents for topical local anesthetic administration |
| CA2407683C (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2010-04-13 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Topical anesthetic/opioid formulations and uses thereof |
| DE10025946A1 (de) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-11-29 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Wirkstoffkombination |
| US20020013331A1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-31 | Williams Robert O. | Methods and compositions for treating pain of the mucous membrane |
| US7820688B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2010-10-26 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Topical anesthetic/opioid formulations and uses thereof |
| DK2266558T3 (en) | 2001-06-07 | 2017-07-31 | Analgesic Neuropharmaceuticals Llc | TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN WITH RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) |
| DE10141650C1 (de) | 2001-08-24 | 2002-11-28 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Transdermales Therapeutisches System mit Fentanyl bzw. verwandten Substanzen |
| EP1545461A4 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2011-06-22 | Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc | COMBINED ANALGESIC COMPOSITION WITH IMMEDIATE AND PROLONGED RELEASE |
| US20060034941A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-02-16 | Global Cardiac Solutions Pty Ltd | Organ preconditioning, arrest, protection, preservation and recovery |
| DE10340428B4 (de) * | 2003-09-02 | 2015-02-12 | Acino Ag | Opioides Analgetikum enthaltende transdermale Formulierung |
| US20060052370A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-09 | Meyerson Laurence R | Methods and compositions for treating nociceptive pain |
| US20090258092A1 (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2009-10-15 | Hibernation Threapeutics Limited | Improved Tissue Maintenance |
| KR101490836B1 (ko) | 2006-07-25 | 2015-02-09 | 하이버네이션 테라퓨틱스, 어 케이에프 엘엘씨 | 외상 치료법 |
| WO2008106724A1 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-12 | Hibernation Therapeutics Limited | Transplants |
| CN101317844B (zh) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-11-17 | 章劲夫 | 化合物(+)-5-甲基-10，11-二氢-5H-二苯并〔a，d〕环庚烯-5，10-亚胺在制备避孕药物中的应用 |
| TWI380992B (zh) | 2010-03-11 | 2013-01-01 | Univ Ishou | 一種抑制ｎｍｄａ受體ｎｒ１之小段干擾ｒｎａ、該小段干擾ｒｎａ用以抑制皮下組織ｎｍｄａ受體ｎｒ１之方法、該小段干擾ｒｎａ之用途以及一種減緩皮膚炎症性疼痛之藥物化合物 |
| ES2560676T3 (es) * | 2010-06-15 | 2016-02-22 | Grünenthal GmbH | Combinación farmacéutica para el tratamiento del dolor |
| DE102010024105A1 (de) | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Grünenthal GmbH | Transdermale Verabreichung von Memantin |
| TWI417109B (zh) | 2010-12-30 | 2013-12-01 | Univ Ishou | 一種用以抑制ｎｍｄａ受體ｎｒ１之短夾ｒｎａ、一種以短夾rna製備用以抑制ｎｍｄａ受體ｎｒ１之試劑之用途以及一種減緩皮膚炎症性疼痛之藥物 |
| FR2998892B1 (fr) | 2012-12-04 | 2015-01-02 | Pf Medicament | Derives d'aminocyclobutane, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation a titre de medicaments |
| CN105705151A (zh) | 2013-07-17 | 2016-06-22 | 低温药理Kf有限公司 | 一种用于治疗出血、休克和脑损伤的方法 |
| CN107028968B (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2020-12-04 | 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 | 一种含有葡萄糖醛酸吗啡或其可药用盐的药物组合物 |
| CN114642744B (zh) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-05-23 | 南京医科大学 | 一种筛选缓解吗啡耐受药物的方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5322683A (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1994-06-21 | Leonard Mackles | Anhydrous aerosol foam |
| JP2669951B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-28 | 1997-10-29 | 雍憲 森本 | 麻薬性鎮痛剤を含有する経皮吸収組成物 |
| JPH0733681A (ja) * | 1993-05-18 | 1995-02-03 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 経皮吸収貼付剤 |
| US5635204A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1997-06-03 | Montefiore Medical Center | Method for transdermal induction of anesthesia, analgesia or sedation |
| US5589480A (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-12-31 | Elkhoury; George F. | Topical application of opioid analgesic drugs such as morphine |
| JPH10513471A (ja) * | 1995-02-10 | 1998-12-22 | メドトロニック、インコーポレイテッド | 鎮痛薬投与のための方法と装置 |
| US5840731A (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1998-11-24 | Virginia Commonwealth University | Pain-alleviating drug composition and method for alleviating pain |
| US5849761A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-12-15 | Regents Of The University Of California | Peripherally active anti-hyperalgesic opiates |
| US6197830B1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 2001-03-06 | Bruce M. Frome | Method for achieving relief from sympathetically mediated pain |
| AUPN605795A0 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1995-11-09 | F.H. Faulding & Co. Limited | Analgesic pharmaceutical composition |
| JPH09143061A (ja) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-03 | Showa Denko Kk | 鎮痛剤用経皮吸収製剤 |
| US5891885A (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1999-04-06 | Algos Pharmaceutical Corporation | Method for treating migraine |
| US6261582B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2001-07-17 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Surgical method and composition therefor |
| WO1998026770A2 (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-25 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | The topical use of kappa opioid agonists to treat ocular pain |
| DK1003494T3 (da) | 1997-01-22 | 2007-07-16 | Cornell Res Foundation Inc | (d)-metadon, et ikke-opioidt analgetikum |
| BR9912827A (pt) | 1998-07-16 | 2001-05-02 | Sloan Kettering Inst Cancer | Composições tópicas compreendendo um analgésico opióide e um antagonista de nmda |
| JP2000169378A (ja) | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-20 | Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 咽頭疾患用組成物 |
| CA2407683C (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2010-04-13 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Topical anesthetic/opioid formulations and uses thereof |
-
1999
- 1999-07-15 BR BR9912827-6A patent/BR9912827A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-15 AT AT99934071T patent/ATE344035T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-15 AU AU49987/99A patent/AU758448B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-15 ES ES200150003A patent/ES2198196B2/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 PT PT99934071T patent/PT1102589E/pt unknown
- 1999-07-15 US US09/806,645 patent/US7700122B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 KR KR1020017000660A patent/KR100762018B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 CN CN99808693A patent/CN1309562A/zh active Pending
- 1999-07-15 EP EP99934071A patent/EP1102589B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-15 IL IL14083499A patent/IL140834A0/xx active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-15 CA CA002336902A patent/CA2336902C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 DE DE69933874T patent/DE69933874T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-15 WO PCT/US1999/016049 patent/WO2000003716A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-15 DK DK99934071T patent/DK1102589T3/da active
- 1999-07-15 JP JP2000559851A patent/JP2002520363A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-01-10 IL IL140834A patent/IL140834A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-07-02 JP JP2007174667A patent/JP2007246546A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7700122B1 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
| IL140834A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| ATE344035T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| AU758448B2 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| PT1102589E (pt) | 2006-12-29 |
| IL140834A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
| DE69933874T2 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
| CA2336902A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
| JP2007246546A (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
| EP1102589B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
| CA2336902C (en) | 2009-04-21 |
| KR100762018B1 (ko) | 2007-10-04 |
| ES2198196A1 (es) | 2004-01-16 |
| DE69933874D1 (de) | 2006-12-14 |
| DK1102589T3 (da) | 2006-12-04 |
| KR20010070969A (ko) | 2001-07-28 |
| WO2000003716A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
| EP1102589A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 |
| ES2198196B2 (es) | 2006-04-01 |
| JP2002520363A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
| AU4998799A (en) | 2000-02-07 |
| CN1309562A (zh) | 2001-08-22 |
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