BR9713441A - Processo para aquilação de hidrocarbonetos - Google Patents
Processo para aquilação de hidrocarbonetosInfo
- Publication number
- BR9713441A BR9713441A BR9713441-4A BR9713441A BR9713441A BR 9713441 A BR9713441 A BR 9713441A BR 9713441 A BR9713441 A BR 9713441A BR 9713441 A BR9713441 A BR 9713441A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- alkylating agent
- hydrocarbon
- alkylate
- active cycle
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/56—Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C2/58—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/56—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- C07C2529/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/12—Noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
- C07C2529/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/74—Noble metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
"PROCESSO PARA ALQUILAçãO DE HIDROCARBONETOS". A invenção diz respeito a um processo para alquilação de hidrocarbonetos em que um composto orgânico alquilável é reagido com um agente de alquilação para formar um alquilato na presença de um catalisador, compreendendo uma função de hidrogenação e um constituinte ácido sólido, com o catalisador sendo submetido intermitentemente a uma etapa de regeneração, estando em contato com uma alimentação contendo um hidrocarboneto saturado e hidrogênio, a dita regeneração sendo realizada a 90% ou menos do ciclo ativo do catalisador, com o ciclo ativo de catalisador sendo definido como o tempo de início da alimentação do agente de alquilação até o momento quando 20% do agente de alquilação deixa a seção do reator contendo o catalisador, sem ser convertido, não contando a isomeração dentro da molécula. O processador de acordo com a invenção é especialmente atrativo para a alquilação do isobutano com um ou mais butenos para formar um alquilato com um alto RON.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1004623A NL1004623C2 (nl) | 1996-11-27 | 1996-11-27 | Werkwijze voor het alkyleren van koolwaterstoffen. |
| US3154296P | 1996-12-02 | 1996-12-02 | |
| EP97202951 | 1997-09-25 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/006401 WO1998023560A1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1997-11-14 | Process for alkylating hydrocarbons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9713441A true BR9713441A (pt) | 2000-02-01 |
| BR9713441B1 BR9713441B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
Family
ID=27238509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI9713441-4A BR9713441B1 (pt) | 1996-11-27 | 1997-11-14 | processo para alquilaÇço de hidrocarbonetos. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5986158A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0941211B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP4278067B2 (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR100533754B1 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1088449C (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU5750598A (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9713441B1 (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2273333C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69710359T2 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2172035T3 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1998023560A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6606855B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2003-08-19 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Plasma reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel vapor to produce synthesis gas and/or hydrogen gas |
| WO2001091901A1 (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-06 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Novel alkylation catalyst and its use in alkylation |
| US20020013216A1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2002-01-31 | Broekhoven Emanuel Hermanus Van | Novel alkylation catalyst and its use in alkylation |
| US7407905B2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2008-08-05 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Method for reactivating catalysts and a method for recycling supercritical fluids used to reactivate the catalysts |
| US6579821B1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2003-06-17 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions |
| US6844479B2 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2005-01-18 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Alkylation process |
| DK1392627T3 (da) * | 2001-06-08 | 2009-12-07 | Albemarle Netherlands Bv | Fremgangsmåde til den katalytiske alkylering af carbonhydrider |
| EP1527035B1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2015-03-04 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Continuous process for the alkylation of hydrocarbons |
| US7838708B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2010-11-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
| US6924407B2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2005-08-02 | The University Of Kansas | Pressure-tuned solid catalyzed heterogeneous chemical reactions |
| ATE519538T1 (de) | 2001-11-06 | 2011-08-15 | Albemarle Netherlands Bv | Schwefel enthaltender alkylierungskatalysator und dessen verwendung |
| US7361797B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2008-04-22 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion using nanocrystalline zeolite Y |
| KR100966204B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-18 | 2010-06-25 | 알베마를 네덜란드 비.브이. | 단계간 증류를 이용한 포화 탄화수소의 알킬화 방법 |
| US20040158113A1 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-12 | Girish Srinivas | Catalysts and process for converting fuel gases to gasoline |
| US20050171393A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-04 | Lorkovic Ivan M. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| US7145049B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-12-05 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Oligomerization process |
| JP4508617B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2010-07-21 | 薫 藤元 | イソパラフィン−オレフィンアルキル化用ゼオライト触媒および該触媒を用いたアルキル化法 |
| CN1997610B (zh) | 2004-02-09 | 2010-09-15 | 阿尔伯麦尔荷兰公司 | 使用含有固体酸和加氢金属的催化剂的烷基化法 |
| US7244867B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2007-07-17 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8173851B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2012-05-08 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20080275284A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2008-11-06 | Marathon Oil Company | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8642822B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2014-02-04 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using microchannel reactor |
| US7674941B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2010-03-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20060100469A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2006-05-11 | Waycuilis John J | Process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and liquid hydrocarbons |
| US7592282B2 (en) | 2004-11-11 | 2009-09-22 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Enhancement of alkylation catalysts for improved supercritical fluid regeneration |
| US20060101712A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Burnett Don E | Small off-road engine green fuel |
| JP5275817B2 (ja) | 2006-02-03 | 2013-08-28 | ジーアールティー,インコーポレイティド | ハロゲンからの軽質ガスの分離 |
| KR101433781B1 (ko) | 2006-02-03 | 2014-08-25 | 리액션 35, 엘엘씨 | 탄화수소를 형성하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
| US7875754B2 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2011-01-25 | Lummus Technology Inc. | Method of improving alkylate yield in an alkylation reaction |
| CN101631614B (zh) * | 2006-10-17 | 2013-12-11 | 路慕斯技术有限公司 | 双金属烷基化催化剂 |
| TWI433829B (zh) | 2007-01-26 | 2014-04-11 | Albemarle Netherlands Bv | 使用含稀土元素之沸石及氫化金屬之催化劑的烷化法 |
| AU2008256606A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Grt, Inc. | Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release |
| JP2011500620A (ja) * | 2007-10-17 | 2011-01-06 | アルベマーレ ネザーランズ ビー.ブイ. | 希土類含有ゼオライトと低減された量の貴金属とを含む触媒を用いたアルキル化方法 |
| PL2217374T3 (pl) * | 2007-11-02 | 2022-08-08 | Badger Licensing, Llc | Proces odmładzania kompozycji katalizatora |
| WO2009061303A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Lummus Technology Inc. | Method of improving alkylate yield in an alkylation reaction |
| US8282810B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-10-09 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Bromine-based method and system for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using electrolysis for bromine recovery |
| NZ591207A (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2013-03-28 | Grt Inc | Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| WO2010092056A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | Albemarle Europe Sprl | Alkylation catalyst and related process |
| KR101259708B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-04 | 2013-05-06 | 경희대학교 산학협력단 | 마이크로 플로우 리액터를 이용한 2차 아민 화합물을 제조하는 신규한 방법 |
| US8367884B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-05 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8198495B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2012-06-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for the staged synthesis of alkyl bromides |
| US8642813B2 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2014-02-04 | Virent, Inc. | Reductive biomass liquefaction |
| US8815050B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-08-26 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for drying liquid bromine |
| US8436220B2 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-07 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for demethanization of brominated hydrocarbons |
| US8829256B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-09-09 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for fractionation of brominated hydrocarbons in the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons |
| US8802908B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-08-12 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes and systems for separate, parallel methane and higher alkanes' bromination |
| US9415385B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2016-08-16 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Activation of dual catalyst systems |
| US9193641B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-11-24 | Gtc Technology Us, Llc | Processes and systems for conversion of alkyl bromides to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in circulating catalyst reactor-regenerator systems |
| CA2954346C (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2020-06-30 | Albemarle Europe Sprl | Alkylation process using a catalyst comprising cerium rich rare earth containing zeolites and a hydrogenation metal |
| US10011538B2 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2018-07-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method of making aromatic hydrocarbons |
| EP3310480B1 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2020-06-03 | Exelus, Inc. | Improved catalyzed alkylation, alkylation catalysts, and methods of making alkylation catalysts |
| CN105195177B (zh) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-12-26 | 宁波海越新材料有限公司 | 一种烷基化汽油催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106631655B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2019-05-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烷基化反应方法 |
| CN106631656B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2019-09-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烷基化反应方法 |
| RU2637922C2 (ru) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-08 | Публичное акционерное общество "Электрогорский институт нефтепереработки" (ПАО "ЭлИНП") | Способ алкилирования изобутана в трехфазном реакторе с неподвижным слоем катализатора |
| US11225614B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2022-01-18 | Emanuel Hermanus Van Broekhoven | Alkylation process with improved octane number |
| CN109420403B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种重整氢气的利用方法、固体酸催化剂的再生方法和烷基化反应方法 |
| CN110538675A (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 固体酸烷基化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN110872529B (zh) * | 2018-09-04 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 固体酸烷基化反应方法和反应系统 |
| CN110876855B (zh) | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 低碳烯烃和烷烃烷基化产物的分离方法、低碳烯烃和烷烃烷基化反应分离方法及装置 |
| CN110876854B (zh) | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种低碳烯烃和烷烃烷基化产物的分离方法、低碳烯烃和烷烃烷基化反应分离方法及装置 |
| CN111482193B (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-08-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种固体酸催化剂的制备方法 |
| CN111482195B (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种固体酸催化剂 |
| US11951461B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2024-04-09 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Solid acid catalyst, preparation therefor and use thereof |
| WO2021025835A1 (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Catalyst rejuvenation in multistage alkylation of isoparaffin |
| CN111763130B (zh) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-01-03 | 南京克米斯璀新能源科技有限公司 | 一种用于生产长链烷基苯的方法 |
| BR102021007444A2 (pt) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-25 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Processo para a obtenção de alquil-naftênicos |
| CN115678599B (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2025-03-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烷基化方法 |
| US11851386B2 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-12-26 | Exelus, Inc. | Solid-acid catalyzed paraffin alkylation with rare earth-modified molecular sieve adsorbents |
| CN115999617B (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-07-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种利用重整氢气再生固体酸烷基化反应催化剂的方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3549557A (en) * | 1968-06-26 | 1970-12-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Isoparaffin alkylation process and catalyst for use therein |
| US3851004A (en) * | 1973-09-27 | 1974-11-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Hydrocarbon alkylation process using catalyst regeneration |
| FR2721603B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-22 | 1996-09-20 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procédé de réjuvénation d'un catalyseur solide d'alkylation. |
| US5489732A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-02-06 | Uop | Fluidized solid bed motor fuel alkylation process |
-
1997
- 1997-11-14 CA CA002273333A patent/CA2273333C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 CN CN97180073A patent/CN1088449C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 KR KR10-1999-7003521A patent/KR100533754B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 EP EP97953684A patent/EP0941211B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 WO PCT/EP1997/006401 patent/WO1998023560A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-14 BR BRPI9713441-4A patent/BR9713441B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-14 AU AU57505/98A patent/AU5750598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-14 ES ES97953684T patent/ES2172035T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 DE DE69710359T patent/DE69710359T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 JP JP52422798A patent/JP4278067B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-20 US US08/974,762 patent/US5986158A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5986158A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
| EP0941211B1 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
| CA2273333C (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| JP4278067B2 (ja) | 2009-06-10 |
| WO1998023560A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
| EP0941211A1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
| CN1088449C (zh) | 2002-07-31 |
| AU5750598A (en) | 1998-06-22 |
| JP2001504504A (ja) | 2001-04-03 |
| DE69710359D1 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
| CA2273333A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
| KR20000052722A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
| CN1238747A (zh) | 1999-12-15 |
| ES2172035T3 (es) | 2002-09-16 |
| KR100533754B1 (ko) | 2005-12-06 |
| DE69710359T2 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
| BR9713441B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
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