BR9709571A - Uso de um lubrificante e processo de controle das variações de viscosidade de um lubrificante em um motor diesel - Google Patents

Uso de um lubrificante e processo de controle das variações de viscosidade de um lubrificante em um motor diesel

Info

Publication number: BR9709571A
Authority: BR; Brazil
Prior art keywords: lubricant; viscosity; diesel engine; controlling variations; variations
Prior art date: 1996-06-12

Application number

BR9709571A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Irwin Goldblatt

Michael Mchenry

Kenneth Henderson

Danny Carlisle

Niall Ainscough

Myron Brown

Richard Tittel

Original Assignee

Castrol Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1996-06-12

Filing date

1997-06-10

Publication date

1999-08-10

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10795172&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=BR9709571(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1997-06-10 Application filed by Castrol Ltd filed Critical Castrol Ltd

1999-08-10 Publication of BR9709571A publication Critical patent/BR9709571A/pt

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/95—Esters
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M151/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M151/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/26—Amines
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2221/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions of monomers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Lubricants (AREA)
Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

BR9709571A 1996-06-12 1997-06-10 Uso de um lubrificante e processo de controle das variações de viscosidade de um lubrificante em um motor diesel BR9709571A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
GBGB9612278.3A GB9612278D0 (en)	1996-06-12	1996-06-12	A lubricant for use in diesel engines
PCT/GB1997/001556 WO1997047709A1 (en)	1996-06-12	1997-06-10	A lubricant for use in diesel engines

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
BR9709571A true BR9709571A (pt)	1999-08-10

Family

ID=10795172

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
BR9709571A BR9709571A (pt)	1996-06-12	1997-06-10	Uso de um lubrificante e processo de controle das variações de viscosidade de um lubrificante em um motor diesel

Country Status (13)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0907698B1 (pt)
JP (1)	JP2000512668A (pt)
AR (1)	AR007562A1 (pt)
AT (1)	ATE248903T1 (pt)
AU (1)	AU729492B2 (pt)
BR (1)	BR9709571A (pt)
DE (1)	DE69724615T2 (pt)
GB (1)	GB9612278D0 (pt)
MY (1)	MY120935A (pt)
TR (1)	TR199802568T2 (pt)
TW (1)	TW476787B (pt)
WO (1)	WO1997047709A1 (pt)
ZA (1)	ZA975163B (pt)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
WO2003099890A2 (en)	2002-05-24	2003-12-04	Castrol Limited	Preparation of monomers for grafting to polyolefins, and lubricating oil compositions containing grafted copolymer
US7514393B2 (en)	2003-11-21	2009-04-07	Castrol Limited	Preparation of functional monomers for grafting to low molecular weight polyalkenes and their use in the preparation of dispersants and lubricating oil compositions containing dispersant polyalkenes
US20050124509A1 (en) *	2003-12-04	2005-06-09	Antonio Gutierrez	Lubricating oil compositions
US8703872B2 (en) *	2005-03-11	2014-04-22	Castrol Limited	Multiple function graft polymer
CN101166771B (zh)	2005-04-28	2013-07-03	嘉实多有限公司	多功能分散接枝聚合物
WO2025126063A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions containing silicon for reduced pre-ignition in hydrogen fueled engines
WO2025125894A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions containing magnesium detergent for reduced pre-ignition in hydrogen fueled engines
WO2025125893A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions for reduced pre-ignition in hydrogen fueled engines
WO2025125892A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions containing molybdenum for reduced pre-ignition in hydrogen fueled engines
WO2025126134A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions containing detergent for reduced abnormal combustion events in hydrogen fueled engines
WO2025126133A1 (en)	2023-12-14	2025-06-19	Infineum International Limited	Lubricant compositions containing phosphorus for use in hydrogen fueled engines

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CA1088694A (en) *	1975-07-31	1980-10-28	Robert L. Stambaugh	Polyolefin grafted with polymers of nitrogen containing monomers and lubricants and fuel compositions containing same
US4699723A (en) *	1986-08-20	1987-10-13	Texaco Inc.	Dispersant-antioxidant multifunction viscosity index improver
US5427702A (en) *	1992-12-11	1995-06-27	Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.	Mixed ethylene alpha olefin copolymer multifunctional viscosity modifiers useful in lube oil compositions
US5663126A (en) *	1994-10-21	1997-09-02	Castrol Limited	Polar grafted polyolefins, methods for their manufacture, and lubricating oil compositions containing them

1996
- 1996-06-12 GB GBGB9612278.3A patent/GB9612278D0/en active Pending
1997
- 1997-06-10 EP EP97925182A patent/EP0907698B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1997-06-10 TR TR1998/02568T patent/TR199802568T2/xx unknown
- 1997-06-10 MY MYPI97002581A patent/MY120935A/en unknown
- 1997-06-10 JP JP10501347A patent/JP2000512668A/ja active Pending
- 1997-06-10 AT AT97925182T patent/ATE248903T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-10 AU AU30414/97A patent/AU729492B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-10 BR BR9709571A patent/BR9709571A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-10 WO PCT/GB1997/001556 patent/WO1997047709A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-10 DE DE69724615T patent/DE69724615T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 ZA ZA9705163A patent/ZA975163B/xx unknown
- 1997-06-12 AR ARP970102555A patent/AR007562A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-11 TW TW086109764A patent/TW476787B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
AR007562A1 (es)	1999-11-10
JP2000512668A (ja)	2000-09-26
MY120935A (en)	2005-12-30
DE69724615T2 (de)	2004-03-25
DE69724615D1 (de)	2003-10-09
GB9612278D0 (en)	1996-08-14
EP0907698B1 (en)	2003-09-03
ZA975163B (en)	1998-01-05
AU729492B2 (en)	2001-02-01
TR199802568T2 (xx)	1999-03-22
ATE248903T1 (de)	2003-09-15
WO1997047709A1 (en)	1997-12-18
TW476787B (en)	2002-02-21
EP0907698A1 (en)	1999-04-14
AU3041497A (en)	1998-01-07

Publication	Publication Date	Title
BR9605932A (pt)	1997-08-12	Aparelho de refrigeração com um controle de refrigerador e um dispositivo de arranque do motor desprovido de escova usados no mesmo
EP0948124A4 (en)	2002-04-03	MOTOR CONTROLLER
AU698877B2 (en)	1998-11-12	Lubricating system in 4-cycle engine
BR9709200A (pt)	1999-08-10	Dispositivo e método em motores de combustão
BR9605335A (pt)	1998-07-28	Processo e dispositivo para comando de um motor a diesel de um automóvel
BR9301915A (pt)	1993-11-23	Montagem,aperfeicoamento e processo para motor com relutancia comutada de multiplas fases
BR9706253A (pt)	1999-06-08	Método de aperfeiçoamento das características de economia de combustível de um lubrificante por redução de atrito e composições úties no mesmo
FI943157A7 (fi)	1996-01-02	Menetelmä äänenvaimenninyksikön käyttämiseksi ja järjestelmä menetelmän soveltamiseksi isossa dieselmoottorissa
BR9507299A (pt)	1997-09-30	Motor e maquinismo de elevador
BR9709571A (pt)	1999-08-10	Uso de um lubrificante e processo de controle das variações de viscosidade de um lubrificante em um motor diesel
DE69502769D1 (de)	1998-07-09	Kraftfahrzeugbrennstoffpumpe
DE69430331D1 (de)	2002-05-08	Motor
BR9705910A (pt)	1999-03-02	Conjunto pilotado e processo de montagem de um motor
DE59708576D1 (de)	2002-11-28	Kraftstoffpumpvorrichtung für zweitaktmotoren mit einer zusätzlichen antriebseinheit
EP0784752A4 (en)	1998-07-15	A thermo-volumetric motor
FR2578908B3 (fr)	1987-04-10	Appareillage pour la vidange des moteurs de vehicules automobiles et similaires
DE69732579D1 (de)	2005-03-31	In mehreren positionen arbeitender 4-takt motor
DE59609434D1 (de)	2002-08-14	Dieselmotor
DE69701285D1 (de)	2000-03-16	Dieselmotorsteuerung
PT817905E (pt)	2002-04-29	Precipitador para combustao no escape de motores diesel ou de gasolina e processo associado
BR9205549A (pt)	1994-04-26	Aparelho e processo de aquecimento de combustivel para motor
BR9606500A (pt)	1998-07-14	Processo de determinação e kit para uso em determinação
FI915699A7 (fi)	1991-12-03	Menetelmä ja laitteisto hidaskäyntisen, monisylinterisen dieselmoottor in kierrosluvun säätämiseksi
BR9402661A (pt)	1996-04-02	Motor três em um
DE69718987D1 (de)	2003-03-20	Motor

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2006-11-28	B07A	Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]
2007-06-12	B09B	Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]	Free format text: INDEFERIMENTO DO PRESENTE PEDIDO, UM VEZ QUE O MESMO NAO ATENDE AO REQUISITO DE ATIVIDADE INVENTIVA, INCIDINDO NOS ARTIGOS 8O E 13 DA LPI.
2007-11-20	B12B	Appeal against refusal [chapter 12.2 patent gazette]