BR9708898A - Composição de amaciamento de têxtil processo para a preparação de um sal de amônio quaternário e processo para amaciamento de têxteis - Google Patents
Composição de amaciamento de têxtil processo para a preparação de um sal de amônio quaternário e processo para amaciamento de têxteisInfo
- Publication number
- BR9708898A BR9708898A BR9708898A BR9708898A BR9708898A BR 9708898 A BR9708898 A BR 9708898A BR 9708898 A BR9708898 A BR 9708898A BR 9708898 A BR9708898 A BR 9708898A BR 9708898 A BR9708898 A BR 9708898A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- textile softening
- preparation
- composition
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/41—Amines
- A61K8/416—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from hydroxy amines by reactions involving the etherification or esterification of hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C219/06—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the hydroxy groups esterified by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/001—Softening compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/643,218 US5916863A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | High di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium compound from triethanol amine |
| PCT/EP1997/002239 WO1997042279A1 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-25 | High di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium compound from triethanol amine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9708898A true BR9708898A (pt) | 1999-08-03 |
Family
ID=24579871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR9708898A BR9708898A (pt) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-25 | Composição de amaciamento de têxtil processo para a preparação de um sal de amônio quaternário e processo para amaciamento de têxteis |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US5916863A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0900260B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP4420359B2 (pt) |
| CN (2) | CN1097090C (pt) |
| AR (1) | AR006957A1 (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE207950T1 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9708898A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2253536A1 (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69707864T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK0900260T3 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2165607T3 (pt) |
| TW (1) | TW524907B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1997042279A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (122)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| US5916863A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-06-29 | Akzo Nobel Nv | High di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium compound from triethanol amine |
| DE19633104C1 (de) * | 1996-08-16 | 1997-10-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von Tensidmischungen |
| CA2265769C (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 2007-10-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions containing cationic polymers |
| ES2130993B1 (es) * | 1997-04-30 | 2000-03-01 | Kao Corp Sa | Nueva materia activa suavizante para textiles, procedimiento para su obtencion y composiciones suavizantes para textiles que la contienen. |
| US6521589B2 (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2003-02-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Quaternary fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts and their use as fabric softeners |
| US6759383B2 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2004-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softening compound |
| DE19756434A1 (de) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-06-24 | Witco Surfactants Gmbh | Wäßrige Weichspülmittel mit verbessertem Weichgriff |
| EP1096055B1 (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 2005-08-31 | Kao Corporation | Softener composition |
| GB9816659D0 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 1998-09-30 | Dow Europ Sa | Composition useful for softening, cleaning, and personal care applications and processes for the preparation thereof |
| DE19855366A1 (de) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Witco Surfactants Gmbh | Niedrigkonzentrierte, hochviskose wäßrige Weichspülmittel |
| US6271298B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2001-08-07 | Southern Clay Products, Inc. | Process for treating smectite clays to facilitate exfoliation |
| US6437185B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2002-08-20 | Finetex, Inc. | Quaternary ammonium compounds and process for preparing and using same |
| GB9915094D0 (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 1999-09-01 | Procter & Gamble | Cosmetic compositions |
| US6287547B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-09-11 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Hair treatment composition |
| US6787592B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2004-09-07 | Southern Clay Products, Inc. | Organoclay compositions prepared from ester quats and composites based on the compositions |
| JP4024438B2 (ja) | 1999-11-01 | 2007-12-19 | 花王株式会社 | 第4級アンモニウム塩組成物 |
| GB0002877D0 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2000-03-29 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning composition |
| JP4478370B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-04 | 2010-06-09 | ライオン株式会社 | 繊維製品用液体仕上げ剤組成物 |
| GB0014891D0 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2000-08-09 | Unilever Plc | Fabric softening compositions |
| GB0021765D0 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2000-10-18 | Unilever Plc | A method of preparing fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0021766D0 (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2000-10-18 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0025442D0 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2000-11-29 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| US6849680B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2005-02-01 | Southern Clay Products, Inc. | Preparation of polymer nanocomposites by dispersion destabilization |
| US20030060390A1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2003-03-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual detergent is present |
| DE60235331D1 (de) | 2001-03-08 | 2010-03-25 | Kao Corp | Verfahren zur Herstellung von quartären Ammoniumsalzen |
| EP1406584A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2004-04-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mousse forming compositions comprising quaternary ammonium agents |
| DE10134224B4 (de) * | 2001-07-13 | 2012-12-20 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Additive zur Inhibierung der Gashydratbildung |
| GB0121807D0 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0121805D0 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | A method for preparing fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0121804D0 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0121802D0 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| GB0121806D0 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2001-10-31 | Unilever Plc | A method of reducing the viscosity of fabric conditioning compositions |
| US6984618B2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2006-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Softening-through-the wash composition |
| EP1323818A1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-02 | Unilever Plc | Use of fabric conditioning compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium compound |
| EP1532233A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2005-05-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions comprising specific fabric softener actives |
| AU2003237506A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-31 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Compositions comprising fabric softening active system comprising at least two cationic fabric softening actives |
| US20040097396A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-20 | Myriam Peeters | Concentrated fabric softening composition containing esterquat with specific ester distribution and an electrolyte |
| US20040097395A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-20 | Andre Crutzen | Fabric softening composition containing esterquat with specific ester distribution and sequestrant |
| US7135451B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2006-11-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric care compositions comprising cationic starch |
| DE602004027363D1 (de) * | 2003-04-17 | 2010-07-08 | Croda Inc | Körperpflegeprodukt mit einem diester-quat |
| GB0318154D0 (en) * | 2003-08-02 | 2003-09-03 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
| DE10338070A1 (de) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Auf Substratoberflächen aufziehende Mittel |
| US20050192356A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Babish John G. | Synergistic anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use |
| US8618316B1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2013-12-31 | Stepan Company | Low temperature ramp rate ester quat formation process |
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| US8722581B2 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2014-05-13 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Alkoxylated alkylamine quaternary surfactants for glyphosate |
| WO2006034459A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Alkoxylated alkylamines / alkyl ether amines with peaked distribution |
| US7935222B2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2011-05-03 | Kemira Chemicals, Inc. | Papermaking method using one or more quaternized dialkanolamine fatty acid ester compounds to control opacity and paper product made thereby |
| US20060210509A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-21 | Johnson Andress K | Hair conditioner |
| DE102005022782A1 (de) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-16 | Tesa Ag | Haftklebemassen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| US20070054835A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated fabric softener active compositions |
| GB0602741D0 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2006-03-22 | Unilever Plc | Fabric conditioning compositions |
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| DE602006005232D1 (de) * | 2006-07-06 | 2009-04-02 | Clariant Brazil S A | Konzentrierte Esterquat-zusammensetzung |
| ITVA20060043A1 (it) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-19 | Lamberti Spa | Metodo per impartire un finissaggio morbido ai tessuti |
| DE102006039873B4 (de) * | 2006-08-25 | 2013-10-31 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verstärkung der Reinigungsleistung von Waschmitteln durch baumwollaktives schmutzablösevermögendes Cellulosederivat |
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| US20230022614A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2023-01-26 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Polymeric fatty acid salt compounds for the treatment of fibrous amino acid-based substrates, especially hair |
| US20230147510A1 (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. | Liquid fabric softener compositions comprising hydroxypropyl starch phosphate |
| PL4360617T3 (pl) | 2022-10-31 | 2025-11-03 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Formulacja zawierająca estry czwartorzędowych związków amoniowych na bazie trialkanoloamin |
| US12215302B1 (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2025-02-04 | Bala Nathan | Smectite clay-based fabric softener compositions with etheramine stabilizers |
Family Cites Families (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1619058A1 (de) * | 1967-12-01 | 1971-01-28 | Hoechst Ag | Mittel zur Behandlung von Textilien |
| DE2926772A1 (de) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-01-15 | Hoechst Ag | Quaternaere alkylamino-di-alkylcarbonsaeure-di-ester, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
| DE2928603A1 (de) * | 1979-07-14 | 1981-02-05 | Hoechst Ag | Quaternaere ammoniumverbindungen, deren herstellung und deren verwendung als waescheweichspuelmittel |
| FR2482636A1 (fr) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-11-20 | Lesieur Cotelle Et Associes Sa | Composition adoucissante concentree pour fibres textiles |
| DE3137043A1 (de) * | 1981-09-17 | 1983-03-24 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Ammoniumverbindungen |
| GB8414701D0 (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1984-07-11 | Dominion Chemicals Ltd | Conditioning preparation |
| GB2188653A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-07 | Procter & Gamble | Biodegradable fabric softeners |
| DE3720332A1 (de) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-29 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von trialkanolamindifettsaeureestern und deren verwendung |
| DE3720331A1 (de) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-29 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Konzentrierte waescheweichspuelmittel |
| US4789491A (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1988-12-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for preparing biodegradable fabric softening compositions |
| US4897492A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-01-30 | Akzo America Inc. | Method of preparing low color fatty amides |
| JPH02139480A (ja) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-29 | Kao Corp | 柔軟仕上剤 |
| US5066414A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-11-19 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Stable biodegradable fabric softening compositions containing linear alkoxylated alcohols |
| ES2021900A6 (es) * | 1989-07-17 | 1991-11-16 | Pulcra Sa | Procedimiento de obtencion de tensioactivos cationicos derivados de amonio cuaternario con funcion amino-ester. |
| DE3926740C2 (de) * | 1989-08-12 | 1997-05-15 | Witco Surfactants Gmbh | Wässrige Weichspülmittel und deren Verwendung |
| DE4015849A1 (de) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-11-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Quaternierte ester |
| DE69214618T2 (de) * | 1991-12-31 | 1997-02-20 | Stepan Europ | Quaternär-Ammonium Tenside, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, Basen und ihre ableitenden Weichmacher |
| DE4212156A1 (de) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-10-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Wäßrige Textil-Behandlungsmittel mit geringer Viskosität |
| WO1994004641A1 (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1994-03-03 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Fabric conditioning composition |
| DE4242480A1 (de) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Wäßrige Textilweichmacher-Dispersionen |
| DE4243701A1 (de) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-30 | Henkel Kgaa | Wäßrige Textilweichmacher-Dispersionen |
| AU6271294A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-09-26 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Concentrated biodegradable quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions and compounds containing intermediate iodine value unsaturated fatty acid chains |
| DE4308792C1 (de) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-04-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung farb- und geruchstabiler quaternierten Fettsäuretriethanolaminester-Salze |
| US5376287A (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1994-12-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dryer-activated fabric conditioning compositions containing ethoxylated/propoxylated sugar derivatives |
| CA2168875C (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1999-09-14 | John Robert Rusche | Dryer-activated fabric conditioning and antistatic compositions containing biodegradable compounds having unsaturation |
| US5399272A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-03-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Clear or translucent, concentrated biodgradable quaternary ammonium fabric softener compositions |
| DE4413431A1 (de) * | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von quaternierten Fettsäuretriethanolaminester-Salzen |
| DE4446137A1 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1996-06-27 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Quaternierte Triethanolamindifettsäureester |
| US6123933A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2000-09-26 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Hair cosmetic compositions |
| US5916863A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-06-29 | Akzo Nobel Nv | High di(alkyl fatty ester) quaternary ammonium compound from triethanol amine |
-
1996
- 1996-05-03 US US08/643,218 patent/US5916863A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-25 EP EP97922934A patent/EP0900260B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1997-04-25 DK DK97922934T patent/DK0900260T3/da active
- 1997-04-25 WO PCT/EP1997/002239 patent/WO1997042279A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-25 DE DE69707864T patent/DE69707864T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-04-25 BR BR9708898A patent/BR9708898A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-25 AT AT97922934T patent/ATE207950T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-25 JP JP53951597A patent/JP4420359B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-25 ES ES97922934T patent/ES2165607T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-25 CA CA002253536A patent/CA2253536A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-25 CN CN97195218A patent/CN1097090C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-02 AR ARP970101835A patent/AR006957A1/es unknown
- 1997-05-29 TW TW086107339A patent/TW524907B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-04 US US08/984,968 patent/US6004913A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-04 US US08/984,830 patent/US6037315A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-12-20 US US09/467,626 patent/US6323167B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-06 US US09/827,983 patent/US6770608B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-13 CN CNB021431167A patent/CN1176264C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0900260A1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| ATE207950T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
| US6037315A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
| US6770608B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
| HK1019892A1 (en) | 2000-03-03 |
| US6323167B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| EP0900260B1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| CN1097090C (zh) | 2002-12-25 |
| DE69707864T2 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
| AR006957A1 (es) | 1999-09-29 |
| JP4420359B2 (ja) | 2010-02-24 |
| JP2000509445A (ja) | 2000-07-25 |
| CA2253536A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
| DE69707864D1 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
| DK0900260T3 (da) | 2002-02-18 |
| CN1221447A (zh) | 1999-06-30 |
| US5916863A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| CN1419006A (zh) | 2003-05-21 |
| HK1061413A1 (en) | 2004-09-17 |
| US6004913A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| CN1176264C (zh) | 2004-11-17 |
| ES2165607T3 (es) | 2002-03-16 |
| TW524907B (en) | 2003-03-21 |
| US20020025915A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| WO1997042279A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
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