AR077305A1 - Metodos y medios para obtener plantas con una tolerancia mejorada al glifosato - Google Patents
Metodos y medios para obtener plantas con una tolerancia mejorada al glifosatoInfo
- Publication number
- AR077305A1 AR077305A1 ARP100102343A ARP100102343A AR077305A1 AR 077305 A1 AR077305 A1 AR 077305A1 AR P100102343 A ARP100102343 A AR P100102343A AR P100102343 A ARP100102343 A AR P100102343A AR 077305 A1 AR077305 A1 AR 077305A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- glyphosate
- plants
- methods
- obtain plants
- tolerance
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 title abstract 4
- 108010020183 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 abstract 2
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 abstract 2
- 108010033040 Histones Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8274—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for herbicide resistance
- C12N15/8275—Glyphosate
Landscapes
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Plantas o célula vegetal con una molécula de ADN quimérico que codifica una enzima EPSPS con tolerancia al glifosato bajo el control de un promotor constitutivo para plantas y el intron 1 de un gen de histona de reemplazo, que les confiere una tolerancia mejorada al glifosato. Se provee además una molécula de ADN quimérico y un método para cultivar las plantas en el campo y tratar dichas plantas tolerantes al glifosato con un herbicida que inhibe la EPSPS.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09075283 | 2009-07-01 | ||
| US27015009P | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR077305A1 true AR077305A1 (es) | 2011-08-17 |
Family
ID=42352154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP100102343A AR077305A1 (es) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-30 | Metodos y medios para obtener plantas con una tolerancia mejorada al glifosato |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120096600A1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2449108A1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2012531216A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN102471776A (es) |
| AR (1) | AR077305A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2010268400A1 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2766975A1 (es) |
| EA (1) | EA201270107A1 (es) |
| IN (1) | IN2012DN00427A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2011000498A1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201109371B (es) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10968457B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-04-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Drug-inducible promoter and method of inducting gene expression using the same |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103958531B (zh) | 2011-11-21 | 2016-12-28 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | 杀真菌剂n‑[(三取代的甲硅烷基)甲基]‑羧酰胺衍生物 |
| AR089656A1 (es) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-09-10 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Derivados de n-bicicloalquil- y n-tricicloalquil-(tio)-carboxamida fungicidas |
| MX343871B (es) | 2011-12-29 | 2016-11-25 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Derivados de 3-[(piridin-2-ilmetoxiimino)(fenil)metil]-2-sustituid o-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(2h)-ona fungicidas. |
| JP5976837B2 (ja) | 2011-12-29 | 2016-08-24 | バイエル・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツングBayer Intellectual Property GmbH | 殺菌性3−[(1,3−チアゾール−4−イルメトキシイミノ)(フェニル)メチル]−2−置換−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−5(2h)−オン誘導体 |
| WO2014060502A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Active compound combinations comprising carboxamide derivatives |
| WO2014060519A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Method for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress in plants using carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives |
| PL2908640T3 (pl) | 2012-10-19 | 2020-06-29 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Sposób stymulowania wzrostu roślin przy pomocy pochodnych karboksamidu |
| UA114648C2 (uk) | 2012-10-19 | 2017-07-10 | Байєр Кропсайнс Аг | Спосіб обробки рослин проти грибів, стійких до фунгіцидів, із застосуванням карбоксамідних або тіокарбоксамідних похідних |
| CN103074351B (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-09-24 | 中国农业大学 | 人工合成用于转基因抗除草剂植物的epsps基因 |
| CA2909725A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants |
| WO2014177514A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Nematicidal n-substituted phenethylcarboxamides |
| TW201507722A (zh) | 2013-04-30 | 2015-03-01 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 做為殺線蟲劑及殺體內寄生蟲劑的n-(2-鹵素-2-苯乙基)-羧醯胺類 |
| EP2837287A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 | 2015-02-18 | Bayer CropScience AG | Use of prothioconazole for increasing root growth of Brassicaceae |
| RU2654634C2 (ru) | 2013-09-25 | 2018-05-21 | ДАУ АГРОСАЙЕНСИЗ ЭлЭлСи | Способы борьбы с сорняками в цикории |
| AU2015286205A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-12-15 | MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND FISHERIES acting through THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (ABN 53 763 159 658) A BODY CORPORATE PURSUANT TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS ACT 1994 (SOUTH AUSTRALIA) | Herbicide tolerant plants |
| JP2021525774A (ja) | 2018-06-04 | 2021-09-27 | バイエル アクチェンゲゼルシャフトBayer Aktiengesellschaft | 除草活性二環式ベンゾイルピラゾール |
| CN109943578A (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-28 | 浙江大学 | 一种水稻epsp合成酶突变基因、突变体及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4407956A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1983-10-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Cloned cauliflower mosaic virus DNA as a plant vehicle |
| CA1192510A (en) | 1981-05-27 | 1985-08-27 | Lawrence E. Pelcher | Rna plant virus vector or portion thereof, a method of construction thereof, and a method of producing a gene derived product therefrom |
| NL8200523A (nl) | 1982-02-11 | 1983-09-01 | Univ Leiden | Werkwijze voor het in vitro transformeren van planteprotoplasten met plasmide-dna. |
| US4536475A (en) | 1982-10-05 | 1985-08-20 | Phytogen | Plant vector |
| EP0116718B2 (en) | 1983-01-13 | 1996-05-08 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Process for the introduction of expressible genes into plant cell genomes and agrobacterium strains carrying hybrid Ti plasmid vectors useful for this process |
| DE3484215D1 (de) | 1983-01-17 | 1991-04-11 | Monsanto Co | Chimaerische gene geeignet zur expression in pflanzenzellen. |
| DE3464841D1 (en) | 1983-01-27 | 1987-08-27 | Gen Foods Corp | Water-agglomeration method for depeptide sweetened products |
| NL8300699A (nl) | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-17 | Univ Leiden | Werkwijze voor het inbouwen van vreemd dna in het genoom van tweezaadlobbige planten; werkwijze voor het produceren van agrobacterium tumefaciens bacterien; stabiele cointegraat plasmiden; planten en plantecellen met gewijzigde genetische eigenschappen; werkwijze voor het bereiden van chemische en/of farmaceutische produkten. |
| WO1985001856A1 (en) | 1983-11-03 | 1985-05-09 | Johannes Martenis Jacob De Wet | Method for the transfer of exogenous genes in plants using pollen as a vector |
| FI864720L (fi) | 1985-11-22 | 1987-05-23 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Direkt gentransmission i plasticider och mitokondrier. |
| ES2018274T5 (es) | 1986-03-11 | 1996-12-16 | Plant Genetic Systems Nv | Celulas vegetales resistentes a los inhibidores de glutamina sintetasa, preparadas por ingenieria genetica. |
| US4962028A (en) | 1986-07-09 | 1990-10-09 | Dna Plant Technology Corporation | Plant promotors |
| EP0265556A1 (en) | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-04 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Stable binary agrobacterium vectors and their use |
| IL84459A (en) | 1986-12-05 | 1993-07-08 | Agracetus | Apparatus and method for the injection of carrier particles carrying genetic material into living cells |
| US4971908A (en) | 1987-05-26 | 1990-11-20 | Monsanto Company | Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase |
| ATE139566T1 (de) | 1990-08-31 | 1996-07-15 | Monsanto Co | Glyphosattolerante 5-enolpyruvyl-3- phosphoshikimat-synthasen |
| US5866775A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1999-02-02 | Monsanto Company | Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthases |
| AU8914291A (en) | 1990-11-23 | 1992-06-25 | Plant Genetic Systems N.V. | Process for transforming monocotyledonous plants |
| FR2673643B1 (fr) | 1991-03-05 | 1993-05-21 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | Peptide de transit pour l'insertion d'un gene etranger dans un gene vegetal et plantes transformees en utilisant ce peptide. |
| FR2673642B1 (fr) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-08-12 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | Gene chimere comprenant un promoteur capable de conferer a une plante une tolerance accrue au glyphosate. |
| WO1994000977A1 (fr) | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-20 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Procede de transformation d'une monocotyledone |
| FR2706909B1 (es) | 1993-06-25 | 1995-09-29 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | |
| US5362865A (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-11-08 | Monsanto Company | Enhanced expression in plants using non-translated leader sequences |
| CA2148499C (en) | 1993-09-03 | 2006-07-11 | Hideaki Saito | Method for transforming monocotyledons using scutella of immature embryos |
| NZ291734A (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1997-09-22 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Plant transcription regulators from circovirus; isolated nucleic acid molecules and transgenic plants |
| FR2736929B1 (fr) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-08-22 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | Sequence adn isolee pouvant servir de zone de regulation dans un gene chimere utilisable pour la transformation des plantes |
| FR2736926B1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 | 1997-08-22 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | 5-enol pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase mutee, gene codant pour cette proteine et plantes transformees contenant ce gene |
| CA2258565C (en) | 1996-06-20 | 2011-11-22 | The Scripps Research Institute | Cassava vein mosaic virus promoters and uses thereof |
| EP0900279B1 (en) | 1997-02-20 | 2004-09-29 | Bayer BioScience N.V. | Improved transformation method for plants |
| ES2289776T3 (es) * | 1997-04-03 | 2008-02-01 | Dekalb Genetics Corporation | Utilizacion de lineas de maiz resistentes al glifosato. |
| EP1173580A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-01-23 | Syngenta Limited | Herbicide resistant plants |
| PL356648A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 | 2004-06-28 | Syngenta Ltd | Herbicide resistant plants |
| WO2000066748A1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-09 | Syngenta Limited | Herbicide resistant plants |
| AU772686B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2004-05-06 | Bayer Cropscience Nv | Improved method for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of cotton |
| ATE555206T1 (de) | 1999-12-16 | 2012-05-15 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Dns-konstrukte zur expression von heterologen polypeptide in pflanzen |
| EP1261695B1 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2005-06-22 | Monsanto Technology LLC | Methods for making plants tolerant to glyphosate and compositions thereof |
| FR2815969B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-30 | 2004-12-10 | Aventis Cropscience Sa | Plantes tolerantes aux herbicides par contournement de voie metabolique |
| BRPI0407592B1 (pt) | 2003-02-18 | 2019-12-31 | Monsanto Technology Llc | 5-enolpiruvilshikimato-3-fosfato sintase (epsps) de classe i resistente ao glifosato, molécula de dna codificando a mesma, constructo de dna e processos de preparação de uma planta tolerante ao glifosato e de controle de ervas-daninhas |
| EP2295548A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2011-03-16 | Athenix Corporation | Identification of a new class of EPSP synthases |
| US7674958B2 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2010-03-09 | Athenix Corporation | GRG23 and GRG51 genes conferring herbicide resistance |
| US20080313769A9 (en) | 2006-01-12 | 2008-12-18 | Athenix Corporation | EPSP synthase domains conferring glyphosate resistance |
| CA2637588A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Chimeric regulatory sequences comprising introns from dicotyledons for plant gene expression |
| BRPI0712871A2 (pt) | 2006-06-09 | 2013-05-07 | Athenix Corp | molÉcula de Ácido nuclÉico e polipeptÍdeo isolados, vetor, cÉlula hospedeira, planta trasngÊnica, semente, mÉtodos para produzir um polipeptÍdeo com atividade de resistÊncia a herbicida, para conferir resistÊncia a um herbicida em uma planta, para gerar uma variante de polinucleotÍdeo, para aumentar o vigor ou o rendimento em uma planta, e para conferir resist~encia a glifosato em uma planta |
| WO2007146980A2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-21 | Athenix Corporation | Improved epsp synthases: compositions and methods of use |
| US7960615B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2011-06-14 | Athenix Corp. | GRG36: novel EPSP synthase gene conferring herbicide resistance |
| AR061661A1 (es) | 2006-06-27 | 2008-09-10 | Athenix Corp | Gen de epsp sintetasa que confiere resistencia a herbicidas |
| US7968691B2 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2011-06-28 | Danisco Us Inc. | Pullulanase variants with increased productivity |
| PT2087124E (pt) | 2006-11-29 | 2011-07-29 | Athenix Corp | Epsp sintases grg23 melhoradas: composições e processos de utilização |
-
2010
- 2010-06-24 EP EP10726917A patent/EP2449108A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-24 WO PCT/EP2010/003797 patent/WO2011000498A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-06-24 IN IN427DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00427A/en unknown
- 2010-06-24 AU AU2010268400A patent/AU2010268400A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-24 JP JP2012518040A patent/JP2012531216A/ja active Pending
- 2010-06-24 EA EA201270107A patent/EA201270107A1/ru unknown
- 2010-06-24 US US13/378,779 patent/US20120096600A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-24 CN CN2010800292508A patent/CN102471776A/zh active Pending
- 2010-06-24 CA CA2766975A patent/CA2766975A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-30 AR ARP100102343A patent/AR077305A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-12-20 ZA ZA2011/09371A patent/ZA201109371B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10968457B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-04-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Drug-inducible promoter and method of inducting gene expression using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2010268400A2 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| CA2766975A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| IN2012DN00427A (es) | 2015-05-15 |
| US20120096600A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
| EA201270107A1 (ru) | 2012-07-30 |
| WO2011000498A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| ZA201109371B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| AU2010268400A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| CN102471776A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
| EP2449108A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
| JP2012531216A (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AR077305A1 (es) | Metodos y medios para obtener plantas con una tolerancia mejorada al glifosato | |
| PH12016501133A1 (en) | Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides | |
| BR112014031832A2 (pt) | plantas que têm tolerância aumentada a herbicidas | |
| CL2010001413A1 (es) | Celula de planta transgenica que comprende un polinucleotido que codifica una proteina que posee actividad fosfinotricina acetiltransferasa; metodo para usar el gen dsm-2 como marcador seleccionable; y procedimiento para producir plantas tolerantes a herbicidas. | |
| MX2017016521A (es) | Plantas que tienen una mayor tolerancia a herbicidas. | |
| AR079883A1 (es) | Plantas tolerantes a herbicidas inhibidores de las hppd | |
| MY169304A (en) | Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides | |
| BR112016002851A2 (pt) | métodos para produzir uma planta transgênica, para controlar vegetação e para cultivar a planta, molécula, constructo, vetor, polipeptídeo, núcleo de célula vegetal, uso do ácido nucleico, combinação, processo para preparar uma combinação e uso de uma combinação | |
| BR112016021520A2 (pt) | Moléculas de dna do evento de milho transgênico mon 87419, método e kit para detecção do referido evento, método de produção de uma planta de milho transgênica tolerante aos herbicidas de glufosinato e dicamba, bem como usos de uma planta transgênica de milho, semente, parte e célula compreendendo o referido evento | |
| UA103887C2 (ru) | Способ получения стойкого к гербицидам растения | |
| AR079972A1 (es) | Plantas tolerantes a herbicidas inhibidores de las hppd | |
| AR080128A1 (es) | Un metodo para incrementar la fijacion fotosintetica del carbono usando la proteina de fusion multi-subunidad de glicolato deshidrogenasa | |
| BR112012015706A2 (pt) | Plantas tolerantes a herbicidas inibidores de hppd | |
| CO7151523A2 (es) | Método y composiciones para la modificación de adn objetivo dirigida por arn y para la modulación de la transcripción dirigida por arn | |
| CL2012000557A1 (es) | Procedimientos de control de malezas en cutivos de monocotiledoneas, acido nucleico codificante para una enzima acetil coa carboxilasa que comprende dos o mas modificaciones, y celula vegetal que lo comprende. | |
| AR078052A1 (es) | Gen plaguicida axmi 205 de chromobacterium y metodos para su uso | |
| UY33852A (es) | ?moléculas de ácido nucleico que se dirigen a la proteína de unión a gtp pequeña de rho1 y que confieren resistencia a las plagas de coleópteros?. | |
| MX2022015112A (es) | Inductor haploide. | |
| AR079882A1 (es) | Plantas tolerantes a herbicidas inhibidores de las hppd | |
| CL2013003255A1 (es) | Moléculas de adn con actividad reguladora de genes, célula de planta que las comprende, y método para controlar la expresión genética en plantas. | |
| AR088652A1 (es) | Plantas que tienen una mayor tolerancia a herbicidas | |
| EA201390592A1 (ru) | Аллели 1-d-дезоксиксилулозо-5-фосфат синтазы, ответственные за усиленный биосинтез терпенов | |
| AR095463A1 (es) | Elementos regulatorios de gramíneas de la familia poácea unidos operativamente a un gen de interés agronómico como el de tolerancia a herbicidas en plantas | |
| AR066883A1 (es) | Metodo para conferir resistencia al estres abiotico en plantas | |
| EA201991714A1 (ru) | Регуляторные элементы растений и их использование |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FA | Abandonment or withdrawal |