NO823511L - VISCLE, HEAVY SALT SOLUTIONS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION. - Google Patents
VISCLE, HEAVY SALT SOLUTIONS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION.Info
- Publication number
- NO823511L NO823511L NO823511A NO823511A NO823511L NO 823511 L NO823511 L NO 823511L NO 823511 A NO823511 A NO 823511A NO 823511 A NO823511 A NO 823511A NO 823511 L NO823511 L NO 823511L
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bromide
- salt solutions
- calcium
- approx
- calcium chloride
- Prior art date
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- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 63
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 29
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 sulphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/08—Clay-free compositions containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
- C09K8/10—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
Viskositetskende blanding inneholdende hydroksyetylcellulose oppslemmet i visse polare, organiske væsker, idet blandingen har blitt aldret i et tidsrom som er tilstrekkelig til å aktivere hydroksyetylcellulosen slik at den vil hydratiseres i tunge saltoppløsninger som har en tetthet på over ca. 1,62 kg/liter ved omgivelsestemperaturer.Viscosity-sensitive mixture containing hydroxyethylcellulose suspended in certain polar organic liquids, the mixture having been aged for a period of time sufficient to activate the hydroxyethylcellulose so that it will be hydrated in heavy saline solutions having a density of over approx. 1.62 kg / liter at ambient temperatures.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører viskøse saltoppløsninger,The present invention relates to viscous salt solutions,
og mer spesielt såkalte tunge saltoppløsninger med en tetthet som er større enn ca. 1,35 kg/liter inneholdende to eller flere oppløselige salter valgt fra gruppen bestående av kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid. and more particularly so-called heavy salt solutions with a density greater than approx. 1.35 kg/litre containing two or more soluble salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide and zinc bromide.
I de senere år har det praktiske operasjonsområde for klare saltoppløsninger for bruk i olje- og gassindustrien blitt betydelig utvidet ved anvendelse av oppløselige sinksalter, spesielt sinkbromid slik at fordelene med klare saltoppløs-ninger nå kan oppnås méd fluider som har tettheter så høyt som 2,30 kg/liter ved omgivelsestemperaturer og- trykk. In recent years, the practical range of operation for clear salt solutions for use in the oil and gas industry has been significantly extended by the use of soluble zinc salts, particularly zinc bromide so that the advantages of clear salt solutions can now be achieved with fluids having densities as high as 2, 30 kg/litre at ambient temperatures and pressure.
De klare saltoppløsningene med høy tetthet er utbredt benyttet: som kompleteringsvæsker for å minimalisere plugg-dannelse i perforeringstunne ler, for å beskytte formasjons-permeabilitet og for å minimalisere mekaniske problemer; The high density clear brines are widely used: as completion fluids to minimize plugging in perforating tunnels, to protect formation permeability and to minimize mechanical problems;
som overhalingsvæsker av de samme grunner; som paknings-væsker for å tillate lett bevegelse og tilbaketrekning av pakningen; for rømmings-, gruspaknings- og sandkonsoliderings-anvendelser; som drepevæske eller ballastvæske; for vaier-operasjon; og som borevæsker. as overhaul fluids for the same reasons; as packing fluids to allow easy movement and retraction of the packing; for reaming, gravel packing and sand consolidation applications; as kill fluid or ballast fluid; for wire operation; and as drilling fluids.
Klare saltoppløsninger med en tetthet på 1,70 kg/liter eller lavere formuleres generelt til å inneholde natriumklorid, natriumbormid, kaliumklorid, kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid eller blandinger av disse salter. Klare saltoppløsninger med en tetthet på opptil ca. 1,81 kg/liter kan formuleres Clear salt solutions with a density of 1.70 kg/liter or less are generally formulated to contain sodium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, or mixtures of these salts. Clear salt solutions with a density of up to approx. 1.81 kg/litre can be formulated
med kalsiumklorid og kalsiumbromid, men dersom saltoppløsningen må ha en lav krystallisasjonstemperatur så blir klare salt-oppløsninger i dette tetthetsområde vanligvis formulert with calcium chloride and calcium bromide, but if the salt solution must have a low crystallization temperature, then clear salt solutions in this density range are usually formulated
til å inneholde et oppløselig sinksalt. Sinkbromid fore-trekkes fordi saltoppløsninger inneholdende dette materiale er mindre korroderende enn saltoppløsninger inneholdende sinkklorid. Klare saltoppløsninger med en tetthet over ca. 1,81 kg/liter formuleres til å inneholde sinkbromid. to contain a soluble zinc salt. Zinc bromide is preferred because salt solutions containing this material are less corrosive than salt solutions containing zinc chloride. Clear salt solutions with a density above approx. 1.81 kg/litre is formulated to contain zinc bromide.
Viskøse klare væsker blir enkelte ganger foretrukket. Vanligvis er hydroksyetylce.llulose (HEC) og xantangummipolymerer forenlige med væskene som ikke inneholder sinksalter. Ved høyere tettheter er imidlertid hydratiseringen av de visko-sitetsgjørende midler betydelig langsommere. HEC anses vanligvis som utilfredsstillende for bruk i væsker inneholdende sinksalter. Metoder for aktivering av HEC, XC-polymerer og andre vannoppløselige polymerer slik at de lett hydratiseres i tunge saltoppløsninger og spesielt i visse tunge saltopp-løsninger inneholdende sinkbromid er beskrevet i følgende søknader som herved inkorporeres ved henvisning: US-søknad nr. 119.805 inngitt 8.februar 1980, US-søknad 146.286 inngitt 5.mai 1980 og US-søknad nr. 161.444 inngitt 20.juni 1980. Viscous clear liquids are sometimes preferred. Generally, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and xanthan gum polymers are compatible with the fluids that do not contain zinc salts. At higher densities, however, the hydration of the viscosity-increasing agents is considerably slower. HEC is generally considered unsatisfactory for use in fluids containing zinc salts. Methods for activating HEC, XC polymers and other water-soluble polymers so that they are easily hydrated in heavy salt solutions and especially in certain heavy salt solutions containing zinc bromide are described in the following applications which are hereby incorporated by reference: US Application No. 119,805 filed 8 .February 1980, US Application No. 146,286 filed May 5, 1980 and US Application No. 161,444 filed June 20, 1980.
Det er således et behov for viskositetsgjørende midlerThere is thus a need for viscosifying agents
for tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid og blandinger derav, spesielt slike saltoppløsninger som inneholder sinkbromid i blanding med kalsiumklorid og/eller kalsiumbromid. for heavy salt solutions containing calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and mixtures thereof, especially such salt solutions containing zinc bromide in mixture with calcium chloride and/or calcium bromide.
Det er nå funnet at visse homogent substituerte cellulosesulfatestere er nyttige som viskositetsgjørende midler i vandige saltoppløsningssystemer inneholdende to eller flere oppløselige salter valgt fea gruppen bestående av kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid og blandinger derav. Det er spesielt funnet at slike cellulosesulfatestere som inneholder fra ca. 0,6 til ca. 0,9 sulfatgrupper pr. anhydroglykoseenhet vil gjøre alle tunge saltoppløsninger som inneholder to eller flere av disse oppløselige salter viskøse; It has now been found that certain homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate esters are useful as viscosifying agents in aqueous salt solution systems containing two or more soluble salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and mixtures thereof. In particular, it has been found that such cellulose sulfate esters which contain from approx. 0.6 to approx. 0.9 sulfate groups per anhydroglycose unit will make all heavy salt solutions containing two or more of these soluble salts viscous;
fra ca. 0,3 til ca. 0,5 sulfatgrupper pr. anhydroglykoseenhet vil gjøre alle tunge saltoppløsninger som inneholder to eller flere, av disse oppløselige salter unntatt de tunge saltoppløsninger som inneholder kalsiumklorid og mindre enn ca. 9% sinkbromid, viskøse; og fra ca. 1,0 til ca. 1,3 sulfatgrupper pr. anhydroglykoseenhet vil gjøre alle tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende kalsiumklorid og from approx. 0.3 to approx. 0.5 sulfate groups per unit of anhydroglucose will make all heavy salt solutions containing two or more of these soluble salts except those heavy salt solutions containing calcium chloride and less than about 9% zinc bromide, viscous; and from approx. 1.0 to approx. 1.3 sulfate groups per anhydroglycose unit will make all heavy salt solutions containing calcium chloride and
kalsiumbromid eller kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid, viskøse.calcium bromide or calcium bromide and zinc bromide, viscous.
Det er derfor et formål med foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe viskøse saltoppløsninger inneholdende to eller flere oppløselige salter valgt fra gruppen bestående av kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid og blandinger derav. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide viscous salt solutions containing two or more soluble salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and mixtures thereof.
Det er. et annet formål med oppfinnelsen å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av slike viskøse saltopp-løsninger. It is. another object of the invention to provide a method for producing such viscous salt solutions.
Et spesielt formål med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringeA particular object of the invention is to provide
viskøse tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende sinkbromid,viscous heavy salt solutions containing zinc bromide,
og en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av slike viskøse salt-oppløsninger. and a method for producing such viscous salt solutions.
De ovenfor angitte og andre formål med oppfinnelsen vil frem-gå av det nedenstående. The above stated and other purposes of the invention will be apparent from what follows.
De tunge saltoppløsningene for bruk i foreliggende oppfinnelse inneholder to eller flere oppløselige salter valgt fra gruppen bestående av kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid, sinkbromid og blandinger derav. Saltoppløsninger inneholdende kun kalsiumklorid kan formuleres med en tetthet fra 1,0 til ca. 1,40 kg/liter. Saltoppløsninger som kun inneholder kalsiumbromid kan formuleres med en tetthet fra 1.02 til ca. 1,70 kg/liter. Fordi kalsiumklorid er meget billigere enn kalsiumbromid blir imidlertid saltoppløsninger i tetthetsområdet fra ca. 1,35 til ca. 1,81 kg/liter vanligvis formulert til å inneholde både kalsiumklorid og kalsiumbromid avhengig av den laveste temperatur ved hvilken saltoppløsningen vil bli benyttet. Saltoppløsninger som er tyngre enn ca. 1,80 kg/ liter blir vanligvis formulert til å inneholde kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid, eller bare kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid avhengig av den laveste temperatur ved hvilken saltoppløsningen vil bli benyttet. Saltoppløsninger i tett hetsområdet fra 1,70 til 1,80 kg/liter kan formuleres til å inneholde kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid dersom saltoppløsninger med et lavere krystallisasjonspunkt er ønsket. The heavy salt solutions for use in the present invention contain two or more soluble salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and mixtures thereof. Salt solutions containing only calcium chloride can be formulated with a density from 1.0 to approx. 1.40 kg/litre. Salt solutions containing only calcium bromide can be formulated with a density from 1.02 to approx. 1.70 kg/litre. However, because calcium chloride is much cheaper than calcium bromide, salt solutions in the density range from approx. 1.35 to approx. 1.81 kg/litre usually formulated to contain both calcium chloride and calcium bromide depending on the lowest temperature at which the salt solution will be used. Salt solutions that are heavier than approx. 1.80 kg/litre is usually formulated to contain calcium chloride, calcium bromide and zinc bromide, or only calcium bromide and zinc bromide depending on the lowest temperature at which the salt solution will be used. Salt solutions in the density range from 1.70 to 1.80 kg/litre can be formulated to contain calcium chloride, calcium bromide and zinc bromide if salt solutions with a lower crystallization point are desired.
Den vanskeligste saltoppløsning å gjøre viskøs inneholder sinkbromid og disse saltoppløsninger er foretrukket for bruk i. foreliggende oppfinnelse. Som angitt vil slike salt-oppløsninger ha en tetthet fra ca. 1,70 til ca. 2,30 kg/litér. The most difficult salt solution to make viscous contains zinc bromide and these salt solutions are preferred for use in the present invention. As stated, such salt solutions will have a density of approx. 1.70 to approx. 2.30 kg/litre.
Saltoppløsninger av en hvilken som helst tetthet i de angitte områder fremstilles generelt ved sammenblanding av forskjellige standard, kommersielt tilgjengelige saltoppløsninger som følger: kalsiumkloridsaltoppløsninger med en tetthet i området fra ca. 1,32 til ca. 1,39 kg/liter; kalsiumbromid-saltoppløsning med en tetthet på 1,70 kg/liter og en kalsiumbromid/sinkbromid-saltoppløsning med en tetthet på 2,30 kg/ liter inneholdende ca. 20% kalsiumbromid og ca. 57% sinkbromid. Fast vannfritt kalsiumklorid og fast kalsiumbromid benyttes også i forbindelse med disse saltoppløsninger for å fremstille de tunge saltoppløsningene for bruk i foreliggende oppfinnelse. Standard tabeller for saltoppløsningsbland-ing er tilgjengelige fra de forskjellige produsenter av disse saltoppløsninger. Salt solutions of any density in the indicated ranges are generally prepared by mixing different standard, commercially available salt solutions as follows: calcium chloride salt solutions with a density in the range from about 1.32 to approx. 1.39 kg/litre; calcium bromide salt solution with a density of 1.70 kg/litre and a calcium bromide/zinc bromide salt solution with a density of 2.30 kg/litre containing approx. 20% calcium bromide and approx. 57% zinc bromide. Solid anhydrous calcium chloride and solid calcium bromide are also used in connection with these salt solutions to prepare the heavy salt solutions for use in the present invention. Standard saline mixing tables are available from the various manufacturers of these saline solutions.
De viskositetsgjørende midler for bruk i foreliggende oppfinnelse er homogen sulbstituerte cellulosesulfatestere. Slike celluloseestere kan fremstilles ifølge US-patenter 4.035.569 og 4.138.535. En artikkel av Richard G. Schweiger som ble publisert i Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 70, sidene 185-198 (1979) betegnet "New Cellulose Sulfate Derivates : and Applications" beskriver disse homogent substituerte cellulosesulfatestere og deres egenskaper. Denne artikkelen beskriver deres potensielle bruk i borevæsker og angir at oppløsninger inneholdende disse estere kan mettes med slike salter som natrium- eller kalsiumklorider. The viscosifying agents for use in the present invention are homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate esters. Such cellulose esters can be prepared according to US patents 4,035,569 and 4,138,535. An article by Richard G. Schweiger published in Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 70, pages 185-198 (1979) entitled "New Cellulose Sulfate Derivates : and Applications" describes these homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate esters and their properties. This article describes their potential use in drilling fluids and states that solutions containing these esters can be saturated with such salts as sodium or calcium chlorides.
Cellulose inneholder tre' hydroksylgrupper pr. anhydroglykoseenhet ved hvilke reaksjoner det kan foregå fordannelse av cellulosederivater. Det gjennomsnittlige antall av sulfatgrupper innført i anhydroglykoseenheten kan derfor variere fra litt over 0 til 3 hvor alle hydroksylgruppene i hver anhydroglykosegruppe har blitt substitutert. Det gjennomsnittlige antall sulfatgrupper som er innført i hver anhydroglykoseenhet betegnes som substitusjonsgraden (DS). Cellulose contains three hydroxyl groups per anhydroglycose unit by which reactions the formation of cellulose derivatives can take place. The average number of sulfate groups introduced into the anhydroglycose unit can therefore vary from just over 0 to 3 where all the hydroxyl groups in each anhydroglycose group have been substituted. The average number of sulfate groups introduced into each anhydroglycose unit is referred to as the degree of substitution (DS).
De homogent substituerte cellulosesulfatestrene som er nyttige i foreliggende oppfinnelse har en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,3 til ca. 1,3. Alle slike celluloseestere er imidlertid ikke effektive viskositetsgjørende midler i alle tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende to eller flere salter valgt fra gruppen bestående av kalsiumklorid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid. Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det funnet at bare homogent substituerte The homogeneously substituted cellulose sulphate esters which are useful in the present invention have a DS value from approx. 0.3 to approx. 1.3. However, all such cellulose esters are not effective viscosifiers in all heavy salt solutions containing two or more salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium bromide and zinc bromide. According to the present invention, it has been found that only homogeneously substituted
.cellulosesulfatestere som har en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,6 til.cellulose sulfate testers that have a DS value from approx. 0.6 more
ca. 0,9 effektivt vil øke viskositeten, hvilket fremgår ved en betydelig økning av flytegrensen, til alle tunge saltopp-løsninger inneholdende to eller flere av disse salter. Homogent substituerte cellulosesulfatestere med en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,3 til ca. 0,5 øker effektivt viskositeten til alle tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende kalsiumklorid og kalsiumbromid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid, eller alle disse tre salter forutsatt at konsentrasjonen av sinkbromid er større enn ca. 9 vekt-%. Homogent substituterte cellulosesulfatestere med en DS-verdi fra ca. 1,0 til ca. 1,3 øker effektivt viskostieten til alle tunge saltoppløsninger unntatt de som inneholder både kalsiumklorid og sinkbromid. about. 0.9 will effectively increase the viscosity, which is evident by a significant increase in the yield strength, of all heavy salt solutions containing two or more of these salts. Homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate esters with a DS value from approx. 0.3 to approx. 0.5 effectively increases the viscosity of all heavy salt solutions containing calcium chloride and calcium bromide, calcium bromide and zinc bromide, or all three of these salts provided that the concentration of zinc bromide is greater than approx. 9% by weight. Homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate esters with a DS value from approx. 1.0 to approx. 1,3 effectively increases the viscosity of all heavy salt solutions except those containing both calcium chloride and zinc bromide.
For mer fullstendig å illustrere foreliggende oppfinnelseTo more fully illustrate the present invention
gis følgende eksempler. Med mindre annet er angitt ble alle målinger for fysikalske egenskaper foretatt ifølge test-metodene angitt i Standard Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluid, API. RP 13B, syvende utgave, april 1978. Parametrene for de fysikalske egenskaper som det er referert til i eks-emplene er i enheter uttrykt som følger: the following examples are given. Unless otherwise stated, all measurements for physical properties were made according to the test methods specified in the Standard Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluid, API. RP 13B, Seventh Edition, April 1978. The parameters for the physical properties referred to in the examples are in units expressed as follows:
AV = tilsynelatende viskositet, centipoiseAV = apparent viscosity, centipoise
PV plastisk viskositet, centipoisePV plastic viscosity, centipoise
YP = flytegrense, kg/m<2>YP = yield strength, kg/m<2>
10-sek gel = 10 sekund-gelstyrke, kg/m<2>10-sec gel = 10-second gel strength, kg/m<2>
Eksempel 1Example 1
Et kommersielt tilgjengelig homogent substituert cellulose- . sulfat méd en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,3 til ca. 0,5 ("kolloid XHO") ble vurdert som et viskositetsgjørende middel i forskjellige saltoppløsninger inneholdende kasiumklorid, kalsiumbromid og sinkbromid. Cellulosesulfatet ble tilsatt til saltoppløsningene ved en konsentrasjon på 2,85 kg/m^ og blandet i en multimixer i 15 minutter. Deretter ble saltoppløsningene valsebehandlet i 16 timer ved 65,6°C, avkjølt til romtempe-ratur og API RP 13B-reologien ble oppnådd. De oppnådde data er angitt i tabell 1. A commercially available homogeneously substituted cellulose- . sulphate with a DS value from approx. 0.3 to approx. 0.5 ("colloid XHO") was evaluated as a viscosifying agent in various salt solutions containing casium chloride, calcium bromide and zinc bromide. The cellulose sulfate was added to the salt solutions at a concentration of 2.85 kg/m 2 and mixed in a multimixer for 15 minutes. Then the salt solutions were roll treated for 16 hours at 65.6°C, cooled to room temperature and the API RP 13B rheology was achieved. The data obtained are shown in table 1.
Eksempel 2Example 2
Et kommersielt tilgjengelig homogent substituert cellulosesulfat med en DS-verdi i området fra ca. 0,6 til ca. 0,9 ("kolloidXHI") ble vurdert som et viskositetsgjørende middel som i eksempel 1. De oppnådde data er angitt i tabell 2. A commercially available homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate with a DS value in the range from approx. 0.6 to approx. 0.9 ("colloidXHI") was evaluated as a viscosifying agent as in Example 1. The data obtained are shown in Table 2.
Sammeligningseksempel 3Comparison example 3
Et kommersielt tilgjengelig homogent substituert cellulosesulfat med en DS-verdi fra ca. 1,0 til ca. 1,3 ("kolloid XH2") ble vurdert som et viskositetsgjørende middel som i eksempel 1. De oppnådde data er angitt i tabell 3. A commercially available homogeneously substituted cellulose sulfate with a DS value from approx. 1.0 to approx. 1,3 ("colloid XH2") was evaluated as a viscosifying agent as in Example 1. The data obtained are shown in Table 3.
Sammenligningseksempel 4Comparative example 4
En kommersiell tilgjengelig hydroksyetylcellulose ("natrosol 250 HHR") ble vurdert som et viskositetsgjørende middel som i-eksempel 1. De'oppnådde data er angitt i tabell 4. A commercially available hydroxyethyl cellulose ("natrosol 250 HHR") was evaluated as a viscosifying agent as in Example 1. The data obtained are set forth in Table 4.
De oppnådde data indikerer at HEC ikke er et effektivt viskositetsgjørende middel i disse tunge saltoppløsninger inneholdende sinkbromid. Det homogent substituerte cellu-losesulf at som har en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,3 til ca. 0,5 var et effektivt viskositetsgjørende middel i alle de tunge salt-oppløsningene med unntagelse av saltoppløsningene inneholdende mindre enn ca. 9% sinkbromid når kalsiumklorid også var til stede i saltoppløsningen. Det homogent substituerte cellu-losesulf at som har en DS-verdi fra ca. 0,6 til ca. 0,9 var et effektivt viskositetsgjørende middel i alle disse tunge saltoppløsningene, og sepesielt i saltoppløsningene som er så vanskelige å.gjøre viskøse inneholdende lave konsentra-sjoner av sinkbromid i nærvær av kalsiumklorid. Det homogent substituerte cellulosesulfat som har en DS-verdi i området fra ca. 1,0 til ca. 1,3 var et effektivt viskositetsgjørende middel i alle saltoppløsningene med.unntagelse av alle de saltoppløsninger som inneholder både sinkbromid og kalsiumklorid. I de sistnevnte saltoppløsninger virket det lik HEC. The data obtained indicate that HEC is not an effective viscosifying agent in these heavy salt solutions containing zinc bromide. The homogeneously substituted cellulose sulphate, which has a DS value from approx. 0.3 to approx. 0.5 was an effective viscosifying agent in all the heavy salt solutions with the exception of the salt solutions containing less than approx. 9% zinc bromide when calcium chloride was also present in the salt solution. The homogeneously substituted cellulose sulphate, which has a DS value from approx. 0.6 to approx. 0.9 was an effective viscosifying agent in all these heavy salt solutions, and especially in the salt solutions which are so difficult to make viscous containing low concentrations of zinc bromide in the presence of calcium chloride. The homogeneously substituted cellulose sulphate which has a DS value in the range from approx. 1.0 to approx. 1,3 was an effective viscosifying agent in all the salt solutions with the exception of all the salt solutions containing both zinc bromide and calcium chloride. In the latter saline solutions it acted similar to HEC.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33076581A | 1981-12-14 | 1981-12-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO823511L true NO823511L (en) | 1983-06-15 |
Family
ID=23291228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO823511A NO823511L (en) | 1981-12-14 | 1982-10-21 | VISCLE, HEAVY SALT SOLUTIONS AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU553448B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8207175A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1196775A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3246280A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2518110B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2111104B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8204745A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO823511L (en) |
| SG (1) | SG31686G (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8428348D0 (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1984-12-19 | Shell Int Research | Degrading of viscous microbial polysaccharide formulation |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2614979A (en) * | 1947-08-18 | 1952-10-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Drilling fluid |
-
1982
- 1982-09-30 CA CA000412551A patent/CA1196775A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-30 AU AU88914/82A patent/AU553448B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-10-21 NO NO823511A patent/NO823511L/en unknown
- 1982-12-03 GB GB08234591A patent/GB2111104B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-08 NL NL8204745A patent/NL8204745A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-12-10 BR BR8207175A patent/BR8207175A/en unknown
- 1982-12-14 FR FR8220977A patent/FR2518110B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-14 DE DE19823246280 patent/DE3246280A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-04-04 SG SG316/86A patent/SG31686G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1196775A (en) | 1985-11-19 |
| AU8891482A (en) | 1983-06-23 |
| GB2111104A (en) | 1983-06-29 |
| AU553448B2 (en) | 1986-07-17 |
| GB2111104B (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| FR2518110B1 (en) | 1986-01-10 |
| FR2518110A1 (en) | 1983-06-17 |
| BR8207175A (en) | 1983-10-11 |
| SG31686G (en) | 1987-03-27 |
| DE3246280A1 (en) | 1983-06-23 |
| NL8204745A (en) | 1983-07-01 |
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