MXPA99008159A - Solid mixtures of surgical agents containing polyhydroxy-amid acid gra - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to solid mixtures of surfactants, which consist essentially of one or more fatty acid polyhydroxy-amides of the formula 1, in which R means C7-C31 alkyl or C7-C31 alkenyl, Z means a group polyhydroxy-hydrocarbyl having at least two hydroxyl groups, which may also be alkoxylated, and R 1 means C 1 -C 18 alkyl, a group of the formulas - (CH 2) x NR 2 R 3 R 4 O (CH 2) n -, R 2 and R 3 mean C 1 - alkyl C 4 -hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 alkyl, R 4 means C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and x means a number from 1 to 10 and n means a number from 2 to 4, and one or more other nonionic surfactants and / or one or more anionic surfactants

Description

SOLID MIXTURES OF SURGICAL AGENTS CONTAINING POLYHYDROXY-AMIDAS OF FATTY ACIDS DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY The use of a fatty acid N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl-amide, especially of fatty acid N-methyl-glucamide in detergents and cleaning agents is known from DE-A-4,430,085, DE -A-4,326,950, DE-A-4,432,366, DE-A-4,424,823, and PCT Patent Documents WO-92/06153, WO-92/06156, WO 92/06157, WO 92 / 06158, WO 92/06159 and WO 92/06160. Essential advantages of the N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl-amides of fatty acids are their high cleaning power, their good biological degradability and their preparation from renewable raw materials. The limited solubility in water of this class of surfactants, especially from a chain length of C16, is disadvantageous for application and formulability. In the case of higher concentrations in water, the N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl-amides of fatty acids tend to form gels, or form precipitates. Higher temperatures in order to decrease the formation of gels and the viscosity lead to an increased hydrolysis of the active substance for washing. WO 92/06160 discloses preparations in the form of pastes, containing a N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl amide of fatty acid and ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, especially ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, or alkyl -ethoxylated polysaccharides. The object of the present invention is to develop mixtures of surfactants based on N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl amides of fatty acids, which are solid and dissolve in water rapidly and at low temperatures. Surprisingly, it was found that the solubility in water of a N-alkyl-polyhydroxyalkyl-fatty acid amide is, or can be substantially improved, especially by fatty acid amide oxyethylated compounds, but also by fatty alcohol ethoxylates, or by combining a mixture of nonionic surfactants with anionic surfactants. The combination of a nonionic surfactant, especially an oxyethylated fatty acid amide compound, and an anionic surfactant, especially a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate and / or a fatty alcohol sufate, synergistically influences the solubility in water of a polyhydroxy-fatty acid amide. The subject of the invention are solid mixtures of surfactants, which consist essentially of one or more polyhydroxy-fatty acid amides of the formula 1 RCONR'Z (1) wherein R means C7-C31 alkyl or C7-C31 alkenyl, Z means a polyhydroxy-hydrocarbyl group having at least two hydroxyl groups, which may also be alkoxylated, and R1 means Ci-Cs alkyl , a group of the formulas - (CH2)? NR2R3 or R4O (CH2) n-, R2 and R3 mean d-C4 alkyl or hydroxy-C2-C4 alkyl, R4 means C1-C4 alkyl, n means a number of 2 to 4 and x means a number from 1 to 10, and one or more other nonionic surfactants and / or one or more anionic surfactants. Preferred compounds of formula 1 are those in which R means C7-C21 alkyl or C8-C21 alkenyl. Thus, the RCO radical can be, for example, the alkyl radical of coconut fatty acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, capric acid, palmitic acid or tallow fatty acid. R1 is preferably dC alkyl and Z is preferably a group of the formula -CH2 (CHOH) 4CH2? H, for example 1-deoxy-glucityl, 2-deoxy-fructityl, 1-deoxy-maltityl, 1-deoxy-lactityl, -deoxy-galactityl, 1-deoxy-manityl and 1-deoxy-maltotriotyl. Especially preferred are (C8-C22 acyl, especially C2-Ci8) -N-methyl-glucamides. The compounds of the formula 1 are prepared in a manner known per se by amination with reduction of a reducing sugar with an alkyl amine and subsequent esterification with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester. Further details on the preparation of these compounds are found in WO 92/06160, as well as in the literature therein indicated.

In addition to the fatty acid polyhydroxy-amides of the formula 1, the surfactant mixtures according to the invention also contain other non-ionic and / or anionic surfactants. Other preferred nonionic surfactants are fatty acid amines, especially those of the formula R-CON (R1) 2 wherein R is an alkyl group or aikenyl group with 7 to 21, preferably with 9 to 17 carbon atoms, and each radical R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, hydroxy-C? -C4 alkyl and - (C2-H4O) ) H, varying x between 1 and 15. Fatty acid amides having the aforementioned formula are preferred, where R means C 8 -C 8 alkyl or C 1 -C 8 alkenyl, one of the radicals R 1 means hydrogen and the other radical R1 means a group of the formula - (C ^ HUOJxH, where x is from 2 to 10. Further preferred nonionic surfactants are oxyethylated fatty alcohol compounds with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohols may be linear or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.The condensation products of alcohols, which contain an alkyl chain of from 10 to 20, are especially preferred. carbons, with 2 to 18 moles of ethylene oxide leno per mole of alcohol. The alkyl chain can be saturated or also unsaturated. Likewise, the oxyethylated compounds of alcohols may have a narrow distribution of ethylene oxide homologs ("narrow-range ethoxylates = Narrow Range Ethoxylates") or a wide distribution of ethylene oxide homologs ("broad-range ethoxylates = Broad Range Ethoxylates "). Examples of nonionic surfactants of this type, commercially available, are Teritol® 15-S-9 (condensation product of a C11-C15 linear secondary alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), Tergitol® 24-L-NMW ( condensation product of a C12-C14 linear primary alcohol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide having a narrow molecular weight distribution). The Genapol® brands of Clariant GmbH also fall within this class of products. In addition, other known types of nonionic surfactants, such as poly (ethylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide) and poly (butylene oxide) alkyl phenol adducts, also come into question according to the invention. at 12 C atoms in the alkyl chain; reaction products by the addition of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol or the reaction products by the addition of ethylene oxide with a reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine . Instead of, or in addition to, the nonionic surfactants, the mixtures according to the invention may also contain anionic surfactants together with the polyhydroxy-fatty acid amides.

Suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, alkyl sulphates, sulphonates, carboxylates, phosphates and mixtures of said compounds. Next, some of the types of anionic surfactants that come into question will be described in more detail.

Alkyl ether sulfonates Alkyl ether sulfonates constitute linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids (ie fatty acids), which are sulfonated by SO3, as described in the "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pages 323-329. Suitable starting materials are natural fat derivatives, such as p. ex. fatty acids of tallow or palm oil.

Alkylsulfates Alkylsulfates are salts or water-soluble acids of the formula ROSO3M, where R preferably represents a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl radical, preferably an alkyl or hydroxy-alkyl radical having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferred mode an alkyl or hydroxy-C C2-C ?alkyl radical - M is hydrogen or a cation, p. ex. an alkali metal cation (eg, sodium, potassium, lithium) or ammonium or substituted ammonium, e.g. ex. a cation of methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethyl-ammonium or a quaternary ammonium cation, such as a cation of tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl-piperidinium, and quaternary ammonium cations, alkyl-amines derivatives such as ethyl-amine, diethyl -amine, triethylamine and their mixtures. Alkyl chains with C 12 -Ciß are preferred in this case for low wash temperatures (eg below about 50 ° C) and alkyl chains with C 16 -C 8 are preferred for higher wash temperatures (eg. eg above about 50 ° C).

Alkyl ether sulphates Alkyl ether sulphates are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO (A) mSO 3 M, in which R represents a C 10 -C 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical without substituting 10 to 24 carbon atoms, especially an alkyl or hydroxy-C12-C2alkyl radical, especially preferably an alkyl or hydroxy-C12-C18 alkyl radical. A is a unit of ethoxy or propoxy, m is a number greater than 0, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, especially preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is a hydrogen atom or a cation such as p. ex. a metal cation (eg sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or a substituted ammonium cation. Examples of substituted ammonium cations are methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl-piperidinium cations, as well as those derived from alkyl-amines, such as ethyl -amine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Examples which may be mentioned are C12-ds-polyethoxylated alkyl (1.0) -sulfates, C2-C8-polyethoxylated (2,25) -sulfated alkyl, C12-C18-alkyl polyethoxylated (3.0) -sulfates and C12-alkyl -C18 polyethoxylated (4.0) -sulfates, the cation being sodium or potassium.

Alkyl benzene sulfonates Another suitable anionic surfactant, which can be used according to the invention, is an alkyl benzene sulphonate. The alkyl group can in this case be either saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, and can optionally be substituted with a hydroxyl group. Preferred alkylbenzene sulphonates contain linear alkyl chains with 9 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 13 carbon atoms, the cation is sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-ethanol-ammonium, calcium or magnesium and mixtures of them. For systems of mild surfactants, magnesium is preferred as cation and for normal washing applications, sodium is preferred.

Secondary Alkano Sulphonates In secondary alkane sulphonates the alkyl group can be either saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, and optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group. The sulfo group is statistically distributed throughout the C chain, with no sulfonate groups carrying the primary methyl groups located at the beginning of the chain and at the end of the chain. Preferred secondary alkane sulphonates contain linear alkyl chains with 9 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and especially preferably 13 to 17 carbon atoms. The cation is sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-ethanol-ammonium, calcium or magnesium and mixtures thereof. Sodium is preferred as a cation.

Soaps Other preferred surfactants are carboxylates, e.g. ex. soaps of fatty acids and comparable surfactants. The soaps may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain different substituents, such as hydroxyl groups or alpha-sulfonate groups. Preferred are linear saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals as hydrophobic components in the soaps. Usually, the hydrophobic components contain from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The cation (M) of the surfactants of the carboxylate type can be an alkali metal, e.g. ex. sodium or potassium, an alkaline earth metal, p. ex. calcium or magnesium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, including mono-, di- or tri-ethanol-ammonium. In this case, mixtures of the cations can be advantageous. Other suitable anionic surfactants are C8-C24 olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfates, fatty acyl glycerol sulphates, oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ether sulfates, primary paraffin sulphonates, alkyl -phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates, such as acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinamates, sulpho-succinates, mono-esters of the sulpho-succinates (in particular saturated C-? 2-C18 monoesters); nsaturated) and diesters of sulfo-succinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 diesters), alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl polysaccharide sulfates such as alkylol glycosides, branched primary alkyl sulphates and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates having the formula RO (CH2CH2)? CH2COOM wherein R is C8-C22 alkyl, is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a cation that forms a soluble salt. The weight ratio of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula 1 to the other nonionic surfactants is generally 90:10 to 10:90, preferably 90:10 to 30:70, especially 80:20. to 50:50% /% and the weight ratio of the polyhydroxy-amides of fatty acids to the anionic surfactants amounts to about 99: 1 to 1: 99, preferably to 90:10 to 10:90, especially to 85: 15 to 40:60. In the case of using both nonionic and anionic surfactants, the mixing ratio of the polyhydroxy-fatty acid amide to the sum of the nonionic and anionic surfactants may amount to about 99: 1 to 1:99. The weight ratio of the nonionic and anionic surfactants to each other is not critical and can assume any numerical values. By combining the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in the surfactant mixtures according to the invention with other nonionic and / or anionic surfactants, an improved water solubility of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides is obtained in comparison with the single use of this group of surfactants.

The preparation of the surfactant mixtures according to the invention is carried out in the following manner. A polyhydroxy fatty acid amide is heated from solid to very viscous at temperatures of 40 ° C to 130 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 100 ° C, one or more other surfactant agent (s) are added ( s) nonionic (s) and / or one or more anionic surfactant (s) and intimately mixed at these temperatures by kneading in the time period from 0.5 to 180 minutes, preferably from 1 to 30 minutes The pasty mixtures obtained are consolidated at room temperature to form blocks from solids to sticky solids, which can be further processed in a further process step to form granulates, by the addition of usual additive materials in the preparation of washing and cleaning agents, such as, for example, detergency builders, carrier and carrier materials, salts and adjusting agents, surfactants, bleaching agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, bleach activators *, solubilizers, disintegrants, defoamers and enzymes. Customary detergency builders are layered silicates, for example SKS6, disilicates, sodium aluminosilicates (zeolites), phosphates, phosphonates, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, a nitrile triacetate, citric acid and / or polycarboxylates. Suitable salts or adjusting agents are, for example, sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate or sodium sulphate.

Other additive materials can be sodium borate, starches, sucrose, polydextrose, stilbene compounds, a toluene sulfonate, a cumene sulfonate, soaps, silicones, lipases and proteases. As activators of the bleaching, esters of activated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid anhydrides, lactones, acylates, amides of carboxylic acids, acyl-lactams, ureas and adiamylated oxamides are used, but together with these compounds, especially nitriles and nitriles-quaternary compounds ( quats) and mixtures thereof, for example tetraacetyl-ethylene-diamine (TAED), tetraacetyl-glycol-uryl (TAGU), diacetyl-dioxo-hexahydro-triazine, (DADHT), acyloxy-benzene sulfonates, such as nonanoyloxy-benzene sodium sulfonate (NOBS) or a benzoyl-oxy-benzene sulfonate (BOBS) and acylated sugars, such as pentaacetyl-glucose (PAG). Suitable carrier and carrier materials are cellulose and cellulose derivatives, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylates, copolymers of acrylic and maleic acids, an oxyethylated tallow fat compound, polyvinyl-propylidene, polyethylene glycols , fatty acids, zeolites, bentonites, alkali metal sulfates, especially Na2SO4, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, silicic acids, alkali metal silicates, aluminum-alkali metal silicates in amorphous or crystalline form, and citrates of alkali metals. Other appropriate additions are those of anionic and nonionic surfactants, which favorably influence the consistency and hardness of the granules, as well as the homogeneous distribution of the components. Preferred anionic surfactants are in this context alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, salts of amines and salts of amino alcohols of the following compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, (alkyl amido) sulfates and - ether sulfates, alkyl aryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl amido sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates, olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfo succinates, alkyl ether sulfo succinates, alkyl -amido-sulfo-succinamates, alkyl sulpho-acetates, alkyl-polyglycerol-carboxylates, alkyl-phosphates, alky-ether-phosphates, alkyl-sarcosinates, alkyl-polypeptidates, alkyl-amido-polypeptidates, alkyl-ethylates, alkyl-taurates , alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acids or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, an acid salt of copra oil or salts of hydrogenated copra oil acids. The alkyl radical of all these compounds normally contains 8-32, preferably 8-22 C atoms. Non-anionic surfactants are polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated, or polyglycerolated fatty alcohol ethers, polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated, or polyglycerolated fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters of fatty acids and sorbitol, and polyethoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty amides. Beside this, additions are possible that influence the bleaching behavior, such as complexing compounds, polycarboxylates and complexes with metals containing iron or manganese, as described in EP-A-0,458,397 and EP- A-0.458.398. Other additions are substances that react in the washing liquor with the peroxy carboxylic acid released from the activator with the formation of reactive intermediates, such as dioxiranes or oxaziridines, and thus can increase the reactivity. Corresponding compounds are the ketones and sulfonimines according to US-A-3,822,114 and EP-A-0,446,982. The mixtures according to the invention can be processed into granulates by means of the following process steps: a) mixing a composition containing a polyhydroxy-fatty acid amide and other nonionic and / or anionic surfactants with one or more additives in a mixer equipment (eg in a plow mixer), b) crushing these agglomerates to the desired grain size, with the help of mills, rollers with toothed discs and / or sieves, c) separation by sieving the portion fine and thick material. While the coarse portion is added directly to a renewed comminution, the fine portion is added to the compaction step. The grain size of the product is generally in the range of 100-2,000 μm. The apparent density (in bulk) of the granulates according to the invention is above 500 kg / m 3, preferably above 600 kg / m 3. The granules obtained in this way are directly suitable for use in washing and cleaning agents. In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, they can also be provided with a coating casing. For this, the granulate is wrapped in an additional stage with a film-forming substance, with which the properties of the products can be considerably influenced. Suitable coating agents are all film-forming substances, such as waxes, silicones, fatty acids, soaps, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, as well as anionic and cationic polymers, for example poly ( acrylic acid). Preferably, coating substances with a melting point of 30-100 ° C are used. Examples thereof are described in EP-A-0.835.926. By using these coating materials the dissolution behavior can be delayed, in order to repress interactions between the bleach activator and the enzyme system at the beginning of the washing process. In addition, by means of an appropriate coating the dust content can be produced and the abrasion resistance can be increased as well as storage stability can be further improved. The application of the coating materials is generally carried out by projection of the coating materials melted or dissolved in a solvent. The granulates according to the invention are ideal for use in complete washing agents, stain removers, mechanical dish washing agents, all-purpose cleaning agents in the form of powders and dental prosthetic cleaning agents. The following examples should explain in more detail, without limiting them.

EXAMPLE 1 500 g of an N-methyl-glucamide of C12 / C14 fatty acids are incorporated into 500 g of Genagen CA 050, which had been heated to 50 ° C, and the mixture was kneaded at this temperature for a period of 30 minutes . The mixture thus obtained can then be processed to form extruded materials.

EXAMPLE 2 A mixture of 630 g of an N-methyl-glucamide of C12 / C14 fatty acids and 270 g of Genagen CA 030 was heated to 80 ° C. Then 100 g of Tensopol USP 94 was added and kneaded at 65 ° C over the course of 60 minutes to form a homogeneous mixture. This solid mixture was ground with 770 g of sodium carbonate (soda) to form a mixture in the form of granules.

EXAMPLE 3 A mixture of 640 g of an N-methyl-glucamide of C12 / C14 fatty acids and 160 g of Genagen CA 050 was heated to 45 ° C and with the addition of 200 g of Hostapon SCID it was kneaded in the course of 10 minutes to give a homogeneous mixture. To this mixture was then added 42 g of a mixture of citric acid and NaHC 3 in the molar ratio of 1: 1 and kneading continued for another 15 minutes. The solid mixture at room temperature, which was obtained, was milled together with 750 g of zeolite A and cooled to room temperature.

EXAMPLE 4 700 g of a mixture of a N-methyl-glucamide of fatty acids C16 / C18 and Genagen CA 050 in the weight ratio of 70:30 were heated to 50 ° C and 300 g of Tensopol USP 94 was added. The mixture was kneaded during minutes at 50 ° C and cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then ground together with 1,000 g of SKS 6 (enriched salicylic acid). For the determination of the solubility, the described mixtures of surfactants were ground to a grain size of 400 μg and in each case 1 g of them was dissolved in water at 10 ° C (the data are given in% by weight, referred to to the starting weight). In each case after 5 minutes, the proportion that had dissolved was determined. In this way, the following solubilities were measured in the mixtures according to Examples 1 to 4: Example 1: 53% Example 3:73% Example 2:47% Example 4:65%. Additionally, according to the procedure according to the example, in addition to the solid mixtures shown in the following table, their solubility was determined, as indicated.

The surfactants used have the following constitution: PG propylene glycol PEG polyethylene glycol GA1 N-methyl-glucamide of C-12 / C14 fatty acids GA2 N-methyl-glucamide of C? E / C? 8 fatty acids CA030 coconut fatty acid amide + 4 OE CA050 coconut fatty acid amide + 6 OE LA050 linear C12 / 14 fatty alcohol + 5 OE OA050 oleyl-amide + 6 OE PA100 palm fatty acid amide + 11 OE ®Rewopol SBF 12 sulfo-succinate ® Hostapur SAS94 secondary alkane-suboxonate ®Hosponate SCID coconut fatty acid isethionate ®Arkopon T tauride of oleic acid ®Tensopol US94 fatty alcohol C12 / C16-sulfate. OE = ethylene oxide

Claims (8)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. Solid mixtures of surfactants, which consist essentially of one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula 1. RCNR'Z (1) in which R means C7-C31 alkyl or C-C31 alkenyl, Z means a polyhydroxy-hydrocarbyl group having at least two hydroxyl groups, which may also be alkoxylated, R1 means Cs alkyl, a group of the formulas - (CH2) XNR2R3 or R4O (CH2) n-, R2 and R3 mean C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydroxy C 2 -C alkyl, R 4 means C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and x means a number from 1 to 10 and n means a number from 2 to 4, one or more other nonionic surfactants and / or various other anionic surfactants.

2. Solid mixtures of surfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain polyhydroxy-amides of fatty acids of the formula 1 and other nonionic surfactants in the weight ratio of 90:10 to 10:90.

3. Solid mixtures of surfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain polyhydroxy-amides of fatty acids of the formula 1 and anionic surfactants in the weight ratio of 99: 1 to 1: 99.

4. - Solid mixtures of surfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that as polyhydroxy-amides of fatty acids of formula 1 they contain (C8-C22 acyl) -N-methyl-glucamides.

5. Solid mixtures of surfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that as nonionic surfactants they contain fatty acid amides and / or fatty alcohol oxyethylated compounds.

6. Solid mixtures of surfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that as anionic surfactants they contain alkyl ether sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, secondary alkane sulphonates and / or soaps . 7.- Solid mixtures of surfactants, which essentially consist of one (acyl a fatty acid amide and an alkyl benzene sulfonate and / or alkyl ether sulfate) 8. Solid mixtures of surfactants according to the claim 1, characterized because they are presented in the form of granules.