MXPA99003998A

MXPA99003998A - Process for the facilitated waste disposal of working substances based on water-in-oil invert emulsions

Info

Publication number: MXPA99003998A
Application number: MXPA/A/1999/003998A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Herold Clauspeter; Von Tapavicza Stephan; Muller Heinz; Forster Thomas; Fues Johannfriedrich
Original assignee: Foerster Thomas; Fues Johannfriedrich; Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien; Herold Clauspeter; Mueller Heinz; Von Tapavicza Stephan
Priority date: 1996-10-30
Filing date: 1999-04-29
Publication date: 1999-10-14

Abstract

The invention concerns a process for the facilitated waste disposal of flowable and pumpable working substances based on water-in-oil invertemulsions containing emulsifiers - in particular corresponding auxiliary agents from the field of exploratory boring of the earth, such as oil-based water-in-oil invert bore-flushing substances - and for the facilitated cleaning of solids surfaces contaminated therewith, optionally also using flowable rinsing aids. The process is characterized in that, by selecting and adapting the emulsifier/emulsifier systems to the oil phase of the invert emulsion, temperature-controlled phase inversion is ensured by solidification in the temperature range below the operating temperatures of the water-in-oil invert emulsions, but above the solidification temperature of the aqueous phase, and waste disposal or cleaning is carried out in the temperature range of the phase inversion and/or at temperatures lying therebelow. The invention further concerns the application of this process for the cleaning and waste disposal of the cuttings charged with residual amounts of boring mud from boring of the ground during and/or preferably before it is disposed of on-shore or off-shore.

Description

PROCEDURE FOR THE SIMPLIFIED DISPOSAL OF WORK FLUIDS ON THE BASE OF INVERSION EMULSIONS W / O The present invention relates to a process for facilitating the disposal of working fluids that can flow and be pumped, based on emulsions inverted / or containing emulsifiers , and to simplify the cleaning of solid surfaces stained with said emulsions using water-based washing auxiliaries. In the following description of the invention, the elements of the teachings in accordance with the present invention are described with reference to fluids that can flow and be pumped for use in geological exploration, more particularly corresponding to well service fluids, which they contain an oil phase and an aqueous phase using emulsifiers. As a typical example of service fluids of this type, the invention is described below with reference to drilling fluids and drilling muds based thereon. In addition, the auxiliary fluids modified in accordance with the present invention are not limited in any way to this particular field of application. Related applications encompassed by the invention include, for example, the detection of fluid spacers, packing fluids, auxiliary fluids for work and stimulation and for fracture. The use of the teachings of the present invention is especially important for the development, particularly the development at sea, of oil and gas fields, but is not limited in any way to this particular application. The new teaching can also be applied generally in the case of ground drilling operations, for example, geothermal drilling, water drilling, geoscientific drilling, as well as mine drilling. Prior art It is known that drilling fluids to create wells in rocks and to remove rock cuttings are systems that can flow and that become thick to a limited degree that can be assigned to any of the following three classes: drilling fluids purely aqueous, oil-based drilling fluids, which are generally employed in the form of what is known as inverted emulsion sludge, as well as 0 / water-based emulsions containing a finely dispersed heterogeneous oil phase in the continuous aqueous phase. Drilling fluids with a continuous oil phase are generally formulated as three-phase systems: oil, water, and fine particulate solids. The aqueous phase is heterogeneous and finely dispersed in the continuous oil phase. Various additives were used, including particular emulsifiers, weighting additives. fluid loss additives, reserves of alkaline substances, viscosity regulators, salts soluble in water and the like. Relevant details can be found in the P.A. Boyd et al. Titled "New Base Oil Used in Low-Toxicity Oil Muds" in Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1985, pages 137 to 1 2 and in the Article of R.B. Bennett entitled "New Drilling Fluid Technology - Mineral Oil Mud" in Journal of Petroleum Technology, 198, 975-981 and the literature mentioned here. Even today, inverted w / o seeds based on oil are undoubtedly the safest fluids, especially for drilling through layers of water-resistant clay. The continuous oil phase of the inverted emulsion w / o forms a semipermeable membrane on the surface of the perforated layers of rock and the short parts introduced into the drilling fluid so that potential water diffusions can be controlled for your adress. The optimization of the result of the work that is achieved through the use of inverted fluids w / o has never been reached by any other type of drilling fluid. However, the use of these means of work also presents considerable problems from the perspective of their disposal and the possible contamination of the environment that this represents. This applies particularly to large-scale applications such as drilling at sea, where Particles cut during drilling are covered with considerable residues of the inverted sludge w / o and accumulate in large quantities. In the case of offshore drilling operations, these cut parts have to date been dumped into the sea. Drilling fluids of the type just mentioned and other well service fluids of comparable composition originally used fractions of mineral oil as the oil phase. Consequently, significant environmental contamination can occur if, for example, drilling mud penetrates the environment either directly or through the perforated rock. The oil is not easily biodegradable and, anaerobically, it is virtually non-degradable and, for this reason, can be considered as long-term contamination. In the last decade, in particular, several proposals were made by the experts in order to replace the fractions of oil by phases of oil more easily degradable and economically safer. The applicants describe possible alternatives to the oil phase, including blends of said replacement oils, in a relatively large number of patents and patent applications. The documents in question particularly describe selected oleophilic monocarboxylic acid esters, polycarboxylic acid ester, alcohols at least substantially insoluble in water flowing freely under working conditions, corresponding ethers as well as selected carbonic acid esters, see EP 0 37 671, EP 0 37-4 672, EP 0 386 638, EP 0 386 636, EP 0 382 070, EP 0 382 071, EP 0 391 5 252, EP 0 391 251, EP 0 532 570, EP 0 535 074. However, third parties have also submitted several proposals for alternative oil phases for the field of application in question. For example, the following compound clauses have been proposed as replacement for the 0 mineral oils in inverted slurries w / o: acetals, alpha-olefins (LAO), poly-alpha-olefins (PAO), internal olefins (10), ( oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones, see EP 0 512 501, EP 0 627 481, GB 2,258,258, US 5,068,041, US 5,189,012 and WO 95/30643 and WO 95/32260. Nowadays, several oil phase alternatives are used in practice in the field of application of the present invention. However, there is still a need for a better balance of the three key parameters for an efficient technical procedure: a result of optimized technological work, an optimized control of the area of ecological problems and, finally, the optimization of the relationship between cost and effectiveness . The problem to which the present invention is focused and the concept of its technical solution The problem to which the present invention focuses in its The broader version is to offer a new concept that could allow the optimization of the overall result in accordance with what is required based on the extensive technical knowledge that exists today in the scope of application to which the present invention is focused. A high technical efficiency can be achieved in a reasonable relation between cost and effectiveness and, at the same time, the current ecological requirements can be fulfilled in an optimal way. This concept is formulated in the form of a broad working principle that, with the help of expert knowledge, can be varied and therefore optimally adapted to the particular application raised in several specific modalities. According to the present invention, the technical solution for this broad concept is located in the combination of the following work elements: - the composition of the multiple component mixture based on oil and based on pumpable and free-flowing water ensures that, under the conditions in particular use, particularly in the case of rock formations in danger inside the well, the inverted mud w / o is formed with the dispersed aqueous phase in the continuous oil phase. - Outside of the rock formations in danger and, above all, in the handling and elimination of covered cut parts - With fluid residues, a phase reversion is possible to form a water-based o / w emulsion. The following desirable work results can be obtained in combination: - In the range of work and particularly in the rock formations in danger, the fluid is present in an inverted emulsion w / o which, in a known way, forms the required seal in the surface of the rock in the form of a semipermeable membrane. In this way optimum well stability can be obtained. - At the same time, however, the element of the present invention of controlled phase reversion to an o / w emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed oil phase as explained above, causes the cut rock sections to separate of the drilling fluid in circulation more easily for its handling and elimination, as the experts know. At least the largest part of the oil phase present in dispersed form can be easily rinsed from the cut parts either by separation washing or simply by pulling the seawater in the case of drilling at sea, according to the eco compatibility of the oil phase. The dispersed oil phase can be separated from the washing liquid or is accessible to a simplified aerodic degradation on the surface of the seawater.

The teachings in accordance with the present invention put this phase inversion principle into practice by using a working parameter involved in the circulation of the drilling fluid, namely the temperature of the drilling fluid at the particular drilling point. Inside the well temperatures increase rapidly with greater depth. The drilling fluid containing the hot cut parts also leaves the well with considerably elevated temperatures. By controlling and adjusting the predetermined phase reversal temperatures, the desired reversal of the inverted phase w / o to the o / w emulsion phase can be achieved outside the well at any location - wherein said phase reversal is desirable or necessary for technical reasons. This applies in particular to the simplified removal of the constituents of the oil or sludge which adhere to the cut parts present outside the drilling hole and separated from the drilling mud and which are subjected to simple and economical disposal. The phase reversion according to the present invention of the inversion phase w / o originally present in the o / w emulsion phase opens the critical access in this aspect. Details of this phase reversal can be found below. The parameter of the phase inversion temperature (PIT) selected in accordance with the present invention and consequently determined in advance in the particular drilling fluid ensures that the circulating drilling fluid is in the required state of an inverted emulsion w / o during the drilling process. Scientific knowledge of the teachings in accordance with the present invention It is known that the emulsifiers or emulsifying systems used to homogenize immiscible oil / water faces by emulsification the following general knowledge is relevant in this respect: The emulsifiers are compounds which, in their structure molecules, they unite hydrophilic and lipophilic elements between them. The extent and magnitude of these particular units in the emulsifier molecule or system of emulsifiers in question are frequently characterized by the HLB value representing the hydrophilic / lipophilic balance. Normally, emulsifiers or emulsifying systems with comparatively strongly hydrophilic components lead to high HLB values and, in practice, generally to o / w emulsions based on water with a dispersed oil phase. Emulsifying or else emulsifying seeds with comparatively strongly lipophilic components lead to comparatively low HLB values and consequently to the inverted emulsion w / o with a continuous oil phase and a dispersed water phase.

However, this description is very simplified. The effect of the emulsifiers or system of emulsifiers used can be influenced and consequently altered by various factors attached to the mixture in the entirety. In the context of the present invention, known parameters for these modifications include particularly the loading of the aqueous phase with soluble organic and / or inorganic components, for example water-soluble, more particularly polyhydric lower alcohols and / or oligomers thereof, salts organic and / or inorganic soluble the ratio in quantity between emulsifier / emulsifier system and the quantity of oil and, finally, the constitutional coordination in the composition of the emulsifier / system and on the one hand and the molecular structure of the oil phase by other part.

A particularly significant parameter in the context of the teachings of the present invention for the specific emulsifying effect with respect to the formation of the o / w or w / o emulsion may be the particular temperature of the multi-component system. Emulsifiers / emulsifiers of at least partially nonionic emulsifiers show in particular this pronounced dependency effect on temperature in mixtures of oil phase and water insoluble between them. The aforementioned system parameter of the temperature of Phase inversion (PIT) is crucial. In cooperation with the other system parameters mentioned above, the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems employed lead to the following emulsion associations: System temperature for low PIT form the emulsion w / o while the system temperatures above the PIT form the inverted emulsion w / o. The system is inverted in phase by changing the temperature in the other temperature range. The teachings in accordance with the present invention make use of this and consequently, of the natural variation of this parameter. In the inner part of the well, the inverted state w / o with a continuous oil phase is guaranteed through the choice of suitable emulsifiers / emulsifiers in combination with other variables to be taken into account here in the comparatively cold external environment , the drilling fluid can simply be inverted in phase by decreasing the temperature below the PIT of the seventh, so that components to be removed can be handled more easily. The thermal effect that always accompanies the circulation in the rocks of the drilling fluid ensures the high temperature range that is required above the PIT of the system in the hot rock surface and thus makes it neutral in its component of water disperea of the drilling fluid in this region. Before discussing the details of the technical teachings in accordance with the present invention, the relevant relevant literature and expert knowledge of the phenomenon of temperature-dependent phase inversion and the associated parameter of the inversion temperature of phase (PIT). Taking into account this basic knowledge available to the general public, teaching in accordance with the present invention will be easily understood and may be apllied. A very detailed presentation of the phase balance of the three-component systems of an aqueous phase / oil / surfactant phase (more particularly non-identical emulsifiers / emulsifier systems) can be found in the publication of K. SHINODA and H. KU EIDA entitled «Phase Propertis of Emulsione; PIT and HLB », in« Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology », 1983, volume 1, pages 337 to 367. The authors also include especially the relevant prior art literature in its publication, the knowledge of the temperature dependence of phase inversion of such oil / water systems containing emulsifiers which are especially important for understanding the teachings in accordance with the present invention. The cited publication of SHINODA et al comments in detail on this temperature parameter and the effects caused by its variation in the multiple phase system. Above all, however, reference is also made to prior expert knowledge, for example, see the previous publications of K. SHINODA et al-numbers 7 to 10 in the reference list (see Cit. Paqinas 366/367). Here, SHINODA defines the parameter of the phase inversion temperature (PIT, temperature HLB), the temperature dependence of the particular system using nonionic emulsifiers that receive particular emphasis in the previous publications of SHINODA et al - numbers 7 and 8 in the list of references. Free-flowing mixtures based on the three-component systems of oil / water / emulsifier are discussed above all in terms of the dependence of the particular phase equilibrium states set on the temperature of the multi-component system. The o / w emulsion state with an oil phase dispersed in the continuous water phase that is stable at comparatively low temperatures is reversed when the temperature is increased to the phase inversion range (PIT or "medium phase" range) . In case of a further increase in temperature, the multi component system is inverted to the inverted w / o stable state where the water phase is dispersed in the continuous oil phase. In its list of references (loe cit., Reference 31 and 32) SHINODA refers to previous works of P.A. WINSOR In In the text of his previously cited publication (pages 344 to 345), the phase equilibrium codes coined by WINSOR, namely WINSOR I, WINSOR III and WINSOR II, relate to the mean phase o / w of stable phases dependent on the temperature - w / o: WINSOR I is the o / w phase based on stable water, WINSOR II corresponds to the stable inverted phase of the w / o type and WINSOR III refers to the middle phase and therefore corresponds to the inversion temperature range of phase (PIT) as is now generally known and in the context of the teachings in accordance with the present invention. These various phases and, particularly, the intermediate phase (microemulsification) (WINSOR III) of the particular system can be determined in two ways that it is advisable to combine among them: a) the determination of the dependence on the temperature and the phase shift associated by experimental test of the system, more particularly by conductivity measurement. b) the PIT of the particular system in question can be calculated in advance on the basis of expert knowledge. Basically, the following applies in this case: the phenomenon of phase inversion and the associated phase inversion temperature (PIT) are carried out within a limited temperature range at its lower end in as regards the state of emulesion o / w and, in its upper end in relation to the state of inverted emulsion w / o. An experimental test of the particular system, particularly by measurement of conductivity in temperature and rising and / or falling, provides figures for the lower limit of particular PIT and the upper limit of PIT - again with the possibility of slight displacements if the conductivity is measured by a side in temperatures that rises and on the other hand in temperatures that go down. In this measure, the phase inversion temperature (PIT) or rather, the PIT range corresponds to the definition of the INSOR III middle phase (microemulsion) previously explained. However: The interval between the lower limit of PIT (limitation in terms of ao / w) and the upper limit of PIT (limitation in terms of inversion w / o) is generally a comparatively limited controllable range of temperatures through the choice of components or suitable emulsifier systems. In all cases, temperature limits in question differ by less than 20 to 30S-C and, more particularly, in only 10 to 15BC. The teachings in accordance with the present invention can make use of this if the inverted fluid - or separate components thereof - is clearly converted to the o / w emulsion state. However, in certain modalities that will be described below, it may be interesting to use ranges of comparatively wide temperature for phase inversion insofar as it is ensured that in the range of working temperatures in which the drilling fluid is used in the internal part of the earth, the upper limit of this range of PIT (establishment of the stable inverted w / o) is not only reached but preferably exceeded widely. In contrast, the calculation of PIT of the particular seventh in question according to b) does not lead to the precise determination of the aforementioned temperature limits of the particular PIT range, but to a figure that is in the order of magnitude of the PIT range what actually happens in practice. This explains why it may be advisable in the practice to select the phase change determinations in accordance with a) and b). The following observations apply with respect to this point: The measurement of the experimental conductivity of the system shows an optimum conductivity in the case of the water-based o / w fluid, but generally no conductivity for the inverted phase w / o. If the conductivity of an emulsion sample is measured at several temperatures (rise and / or fall) in the phase inversion temperature range, the temperature limits between the three ranges mentioned, or / w - middle phase - w / o , can be determined numerically in a very precise way. The following observations apply in Regarding the non-existent conductivity or conductivity of the two limiting ranges: between these two ranges is the phase inversion temperature range of the particular system from which the lower limit (conductor) and the upper limit (nonconductive) can easily be determined ).

This experimental determination of this range of phase inversion temperatures by conductivity measurements is described in detail in the relevant literature of the prior art see for example the presentations of EP 0 354 586 and EP 0521 981. The emulsions o / w Cooled below the inverted phase temperature range they have an electrical conductivity greater than lmSiemens per sm (mS / sm). A graph of the sondustivity is prepared by slow heating under predetermined program conditions. The temperature range in which the conductivity drops to values lower than 0.1 mS / cm is recorded as the phase inversion temperature range. For the purposes of the teachings in accordance with the present invention, a corresponding sonicness graph is also prepared for downward temperatures. In this case, the conductivity is determined using a mixture of multiple components that was initially heated to temperatures above the range of phase inversion temperatures and then cooled by default. The upper and lower limits determined in this way, for the phase inversion temperature range, they do not have to be identical with the corresponding values of the section of determination described above with the elevation of the temperatures of the mixture of multiple components. In general, however, the respective boundaries are so close to each other that standardized values can be used for industrial purposes (particularly by the average of associated limits). However, the practicability of the technical teachings described in detail below is guaranteed from the working principles employed here even in the case where significant differences in the limits of the phase inversion temperature range are measured by one side during the determination of the temperature rise and on the other hand during the determination in the decrease of the temperatures. The components of the multiple component manifold must be adapted to each other in terms of their working parameters and effect in such a way that they can implement the working principle in accordance with the present invention in accordance with that described above: in the inner part Hot rock drilling, inverted state w / o with continuous oil phase is guaranteed. In the comparatively cold external environment, the drilling mud may be reversed in terms of phase due to the decrease in low temperature of the PIT in such a way that the components to be separated can be easily handled. To reduce the sanctity of work involved in the experiments, it may be useful to salculate the PIT of the multiple component system. However, the same applies in particular for optimizations of potensial in the choice of emulsifiers or emulsifier systems and their adaptation to the selection and mixing of the aqueous phase on the one hand and the type of oil phase on the other hand according to others aspects of the technical procedure. Recently, a knowledge of a relevant expert has been developed basically from completely different fields, more particularly from the production of cosmetics. According to the present invention, this expert knowledge is generally valid and is now applied to the field of geological exploration and to the treatment of existing holes in rocks with systems containing optimized oil and water faeces. Particular reference is made in that regard to the TH Article. FORSTER. W VON RYBINSKI. H. TESMANN and A. WADLE (Calculation of Optimum Emulsifier Mixtures for Phase Investment Emulsification) in International Journal of Cosmetic Science 16, 84-92 (1994). The article in question contains a detailed description of how the fae investment temperature range (PIT) of a three-dimensional system components of an oil phase, a fae of water and an emulsifier can be calculated by the CAPICO method (calculation of the phase inversion in concentrate) based on the value of EACN (alsano-carbon equivalent index) characteristic of the fae of oil. More particularly, this Article by FORSTER et al. He mentions an important literature for the field object of the present invention, see pages 91 and 92 loe. Cit. in combination with the presentation of the Article. With the help of several examples, it is shown how the choice and optimization of the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are accessible for the adjustment of the optimal predetermined values for the range of phase inversion temperatures by the CAPICO method in combination with the concept of EACN. On the basis of this fundamental knowledge, mixing whose PIT is within the range in accordance with the present invention and mixing ratios can be determined in advance for the components intended for practical use, more particularly the oil phase and emulsifiers / oil systems. associated emulsifiers (type and quality). A useful first basis for carrying experiments in the lines of method a) is established in this way. In the calculation and in the calculation of the PIT, it is possible to determine particularly the lower and above all upper limits, of the range in which the average fae is formed. The Temperature limits above which the inverted range w / o is found for the drilling mud in direct contact with the hot inner wall of the well for the formation of the continuous semipermeable membrane are thus clearly established. In general, it is advisable in practice (see the following explanations of the teachings in accordance with the present invention) to select and guarantee this upper limit of the range of phase inversion temperatures with a safety margin adesuado in order to ensure the inverted phase w / o required in the hot region. On the other hand, the temperature must be able, at lower values, to fall below the investment limit w / o in such a magnitude that the advantages of the phase reversal can be used up to the o / w phase and can be handled more easily the separate components of the drilling mud to which this usually leads. To summarize the review of relevant expert knowledge, reference is made to the following: in recent years, considerable efforts were made by researchers to improve what is known as improved oil recovery by flooding rock layers containing oil with o / w emulsions containing emulsifiers / emulsifier systems. The object has been particularly the use of systems corresponding to the medium emulsion phase (WINSOR III) within the formation. This is immediately clear from the deviation from the opposite objective of the teachings in accordance with the present invention: optimizing the equilibrium o / w-w / o to form the misroemulsification phase in the multi-component system causes an increase in the effectiveness of the washing procedure required to flood and therefore entails an increase in the washing of the oil phase of the rock formation. This is very significant regarding this point, due to the state of microemulsion, the unwanted blockage of the pores in the rock by relatively large drops of food can be safely avoided. The objective of the present invention is the opposite of this step of enhancing the recovery of oil by flood: The object of the teachings of the present invention in the use of inverted w / o emulsions is to seal the porous surface of the rock formations in the well by means of a continuous layer of oil. At the same time, however, the invention seeks to achieve an easier disposal of the drilling oil or of its components by means of phase inversion out of the well. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first embodiment, therefore, the present invention relates to a method for facilitating the waste of working fluid that can flow and be pumpable on the basis of inverted emulsifiers w / o containing emulsifiers - more particularly corresponding auxiliaries of the type used in the geological exploration, such as, for example, inverted drilling muds w / o based on oil - and for the simplified cleaning of stained solid surfaces, using if desired sprayable auxiliaries, characterized in that, by selecting and adapting the emulsifiers / emulsifiers system to the oil phase of the inverted emulsion, an investment of phase controlled by temperature at temperatures below the use temperatures of the inverted emulsions w / o, even though at the same time this inversion of fae controlled by temperature is carried out above the freezing point of the aqueous phase. The invention is also characterized in that scrapping and cleaning are carried out at temperatures which are within the range of the phase inversion temperatures and / or below said temperature range. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments, the cooling of the stained solid material or at least the cooling of the inverted emulsion to be removed within the phase inversion temperature (PIT) range is carried out before and / or during the cleaning of the manshade solid surfaces.

At the same time, solids, particularly coarse particle solids, are at least largely separated under the defect of increased gravity from parts of the material to be cleaned that can flow and can be pumped at the working temperature. In addition, the washing of the solid surfaces can be carried out with water-based washing auxiliaries, more particularly cold water whose temperature is below the PIT range of the emulsion residues to be washed. This washing process can be accelerated particularly by the application of mechanical energy so that washing steps of limited duration can be used. Below are relevant details. In another embodiment, the teachings in accordance with the present invention relate particularly to the use of the method described for the simplified cleaning and disposal of cut rock sections covered with residual drilling mud during and / or preferably before land disposal. or at sea. Particular details of the teachings in accordance with the present invention This description of the concept of conformity with the present invention and its technical solution shows that the elimination of adesuted emulsifiers or suitable emulsifying systems and their adaptation to the other working parameters They are crucial. Emulsifiers or emulsifier systems particularly suitable for this purpose are emulsifiers or emulsifier systems at least partially and, preferably, at least predominantly non-ionic in structure and / or bonding with both non-ionic structural elements and structural elements anidnicos between them in the basic molecular structure of the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems. Although the implementation of the working principle in accordance with the present invention is not limited to the use of nonionic emulsifiers or the use of emulsifier systems, the general and preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention discussed below are described especially with reference to the use of emulsifiers / non-ionic emulsifier systems. The emulsifying / nonionic emulsifier systems are also especially suitable for the practical implementation of the principle in accordance with the present invention. The influence of salts in the aqueous phase, more particularly salts of polyvalent cations, on the efesto emulsifier of nonionic emulsifiers is somatically weak. However, the use of tacky faees containing salts in the inverted drilling fluid may be of practical importance to regulate the equilibrium of the osmotic pressures between the drilling fluid on the one hand and the liquid phase on the adjacent rock on the other hand. Emulsifiers / non-identical emulsifier systems can be used as somponentee that can flow for preferred embodiments of the sonicity teachings with the present invention, even at room temperature or at generally higher temperatures. The range of non-identical emulsifiers adesuados is so broad and available from chemical agents that can be used ecologically compatible emulsifier systems and, particularly, acuuatoxicológicamente optimized. At the same time, the essential components can be obtained economically. However, the main reason why the nonionic emulsifier components used in accordance with the present invention are preferred is the remarkable dependence on the temperatures in the PIT in the particular oil system that can be further controlled through the of quantity between the oil phase and the emulsifying / emulsifying components in the mixture (see the aforementioned article by Foster et al.). In preferred embodiments of the compliance teachings are the present invention, the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are adapted to the various other parameters involved in the composition of the drilling fluid of such that the PIT of the multi-component mixture is within a range that at its lower limit allows cold washing of the solid surfaces to be cleaned with an aqueous phase. As has been briefly discussed, drilling fluids of the type in question normally contain an aqueous phase which may contain in itself considerable amounts of dissolved organic and / or inorganic auxiliaries, for example, soluble salts to adjust and regulate the pressure equalization of the water phases that compete between them and their osmotic pressures on the one hand in the rose next to the well and, on the other hand, the drilling fluid. The solidification temperatures of these aqueous phases, for example aqueous phases containing salt, can be clearly below oac, for example, within the range of -10 to -20 ° C. however a preferred lower limit for the PIT or the PIT range of the multiple component mixture is spread above 0 to 5fiC and more particularly within the range of 10 to 15BC and can reach up to 202C. The quantum importance of these comparatively low limits for determining the range of PIT in the lower end is discussed below in combination with preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention. The following general and preferred observations are applied to the determination of the upper limits to impose Conformity is the research on the temperature range where the phase inversion is relieved upon cooling. The upper limit of the temperature range in which the phase inversion is initiated must be sufficiently far from the inverted emulsion range w / o stable. Therefore, it is advisable that the upper limit of the faee inversion temperature range be at least 3-2C to 52C below the working temperature of the multiple component mixture in geological exploration without However, the intervals between these two temperature parameters are preferably larger. Thus, in preferred embodiments, the intervals between the two temperature parameters in question are preferably at least ioac to 152c and, more preferably at least 202c to 30 = C This does not cause any particular difficulty in practice because temperatures of 100ac and above are obviously reached comparatively fast in the hot rock. Therefore, it is generally preferred to set the limit for the definition and determination of the PIT or range of the PIT in the context of the teachings in accordance with the present invention at a maximum of 100ac or only slightly higher, for example at a maximum of 110 to 120ßc. In preferred modes, the upper limit for choice and adjustment of the PIT is at lower temperatures looac, for example, to a maximum of approximately 80 to 90ac, preferably to a maximum of 60ac and with greater preferensia to a maximum of 50ac. Concurrently based on these comments, it turns out that mixtures of multiple components of the type described have a PIT within the range of about 5 to 80sec, preferably within the range of 10 to 70ac and more preferably within the range of 15 to 50ac. they may be particularly helpful for the teachings in accordance with the present invention. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the PIT may be within a range of 20 to 35ac or toeta 40ac. This is illustrated by the following considerations: In the practical application of multi-component mixtures according to the invention, for example as a drilling fluid which can flow and be pumpable in geological exploration, the drilling fluid circulates continuously in the rock and then - loaded with rock cuttings - back again towards the drilling platform. The pieces of cut rock are usually removed by sieving, in the drilling platform and the liquid phase that can flow and is pumpable is recovered and pumped into a storage tank from which the inverted mud is rebounded down into the well . In the course of its circulation, the drilling fluid passes through a considerable temperature gradient, even when the fluid and rock cuttings are pumped upwards while still hot. The technical steps involved in sieving and storing and drilling fluid in the storage tank generally entail a reduction of the temperature of the fluid such as, for example, to a value of about 40 to 60ac. By adapting the phase inversion or better said PIT to these parameters, the teachings in accordance with the present invention offer a preferred embodiment wherein the drilling fluid in circulation is not subjected to any phase inversion even in the regions comparatively cooler outside the well. If the PIT (or PIT range) of the seventh is established and maintained at a predetermined limit, for example, of 50 bc, this objective can be achieved by simple means. Even in cold times of the year, the corresponding lower limits for the temperature of the inverted mud phase circulated with pump can be maintained in the circuit, for example, by corresponding heating elements in the storage tank. However, the advantages of the teachings in accordance with the present invention are now in the handling and disposal of the separated cut parts of the fluid: by an additional redussing, the temperature reaches and, if desired, exceeds the lower limit of the range from PIT in such a way that the microemulsion middle phase and then further lowers the temperature, the water-based o / w emulsion fae is set to be parts of the drilling fluid that adheres to the cut parts. It can be seen immediately that the waste of the refined oil adhering to the cut parts can be substantially simplified. For example, in the field of drilling muds for an exploration on land and / or preferably at sea, it may be advisable to use drilling muds with a PIT of 50 ° C or less, for example, they are a PIT within the range from 20 to 35 ° C. The drilling fluid can therefore be welded without phase inversion and, consequently, continuously as an inverted w / o mud. However, the separate cut parts can now be cleaned more easily, especially in situ, or they can even be removed by throwing them away. The optimal modality for this waste step can be determined based on general expert knowledge. The following specific obervations are made in this respect: if the cut parts coated with the drilling fluids formulated in accordance with the present invention are discarded directly in the surrounding sea in the case of drilling at sea, the controlled inversion phase by temperature (medium emulsion phase) and after the phase of o / w emulsion were rapidly stable in these fluid residues by cooling in seawater. The dilution effect of the surrounding seawater can develop its full effect in such a way that the small oil droplets formed no longer adhere to the rock and can therefore move freely. At least a certain part of the small oil droplets float upward in the seawater where they find comparatively high concentrations of oxygen in the aqueous phase and undergo aerobic degradation in a somatically easy manner. However, the cut parts to be discarded can also at least partially be freed from the oil phase in a separate treatment step which is preferably carried out in situ: at the temperature set for the average investment fae, the oil phase is especially easy to wash, in accordance with what is required in the previous tender to increase the oil recovery, in such a way that the corresponding washing procedure can, for example, be carried out without excessive effort using water-based washing liquids, for example seawater. If the temperature is further reduced, an o / w emulsion is formed. The drilling fluid can therefore be easily separated in the aqueous phase and the oil phase in a potential step of said cleaning process.

Particularly, however, the separation between parts that can flow and can be pumped - the waste of the drilling fluid adhered to the perforation cuttings - and the scraps to be discarded is remarkably facilitated. Different principles of separation can be used separately or in combination with each other. In continuation, they detail relevant details. Taking into account what we have just said, it will be easily observed that preferred drilling muds for terrestrial geological exploration and / or preferably at sea, more particularly for the development of oil and / or gas fields, can be formulated in such a way that they have a PIT of 50 ° C or less, preferably 40 ° C or less, and, more preferably, within the range of 20 to 35 ° C. The PIT of the global system can be particularly adapted to the conditions in which the drilling mud is used in such a way that the cuttings recovered from the drilling mud can be cleaned after the removal of most of the drilling mud by washing with water. cold, more particularly seawater, and preferensia are reversal of faee w / oa faee o / w. Before carrying out comments on the details of said water-based procedure for washing mud-cut cuttings, the following important assumption of the sonicity teachings will be considered: invention: the conversion of w / o inverted emulsions present in practice by temperature reduction within the PIT range and, particularly, at temperatures below the PIT range can result in a substantial simplification or a significant intensification of the separation between the cuts present as solids on the one hand and the emulsion residues that adhere to it with or without the addition of liquid detergents. Thus, the pure gravity separation of the liquid phase from the solid phase can be significantly increased by the treatment of the multi-phase material in high-speed separators - for example corresponding decanting and / or centrifugation devices - in the emulsion state o / w that is now present here. In addition, hesho can be used that the flow behavior of the emulsion in the o / w state can be considerably improved in relation to the same mixture of multiple components - but now in the inverted state w / o - or the corresponding viscosity in the state o / w can be reduced. The teachings of the invention can make use of this in important ways. By appropriately adjusting these physical parameters in the emulation of multiple somponents, it is possible, on the one hand, to satisfy requirements in practice in the state of the inverted emulsion w / o; on the other hand, clear improvements in terms of separation by gravity and consequently an intensified removal of the emulsion residues present now in the o / w state from the cut parts to be cleaned can be achieved in accordance with the invention by inversion of phase in the next cleaning step. Therefore, when ecologically safe oil phases are used during the drilling process in the inverted drilling mud w / o, the amount of oil in the cut parts to be dehusked can be reduced to such an extent that, even in the case of Exploration at sea, the cut parts can be discarded simply by throwing them, even if the ecological compatibility of the drilling process in general must meet strict requirements. Extensive expert knowledge is available to carry out this separation of fluid material from the solid surfaces of the cut portions in practice by an improved separation by gravity. Particularly, high speed separators of the decanting, centrifugation and / or cislon type device can be used here. It is known that the force «g» can be increased to 10,000 - 12,000 through the choice and control of the speed of rotation. At the same time, the handling of quantities of material to be separated that accumulate in large-scale processes can be ensured. Suitable separators are, for example, centrifuges of tube, solid pair centrifuges, and screen centrifuges or disc centrifuge type separators. Regarding this aspect, relevant expert knowledge can be applied. The same applies to comparable separators of the decanting or siclon type. The use of decanting devices of the type known among experts as helisoidal conveyor centrifuges can be especially important in this regard. The work on which the teachings in accordance with the present invention are based has shown that such pure separation employing an enhanced gravity - for example within the range of a "g" force of 1,000 to 15,000 and particularly in the range of force " g »from 5,000 to 12,000 - allows the removal of the residual oil from the cut parts of the perforation in such a way that the damaged parts can be deseshadas throwing them even in spite of ecological requirements. This is particularly favorable in cases where ecologically safe oil phases are used in inverted drilling muds, giving particular importance to auxiliaries based on ester aseites. The possibility mentioned here of applying the process according to the present invention even without making use of additional detergents is significantly extended by selectively employing such washing aids.

Optimal washing results can be achieved by employing significantly limited amounts of washing liquid. Adhesive residues from the emulsion drilling mud can be removed almost entirely from the cut parts. A wide-ranging expert expertise is available to carry out the washing procedure in practice. The following additional considerations, for example, apply to the choice of optimized special process condiions. It may be desirable to limit the total amount of liquid aqueous washing phase to be used as much as possible and still achieve optimal cleaning, ie the removal of the adhesion oil phase. The washing process can be carried out in one or more stages. In general, the washing steps are preferensia of limited duration, lasting for example a matter of minutes and preferably at most about one minute or even less. The particular characteristics of the material to be washed must be taken into consideration in this regard. It is clear that, when clays that swell with water are present in the cut parts to be cleaned, their swelling capacity by water absorption must be taken into consideration while concerns of this type disappear in the case of cut parts based on minerals that it does not swell. In important modalities, education in accordance with The present invention combines various operating parameters to promote and facilitate the separation process between the solid phase on the one hand and the emulsion phase based on drilling mud residues to be removed on the other hand. Combinations of stages of washing and separation by enhanced gravity are especially appropriate in this regard. For example, the separation described above by centrifugation and simply applying the manshadae portions in the sentrifuge at the temperature within the emulsions range can be enhanced by the addition of washing liquid to the material to be cleaned, more particularly by spraying. Water-based washing auxiliaries and, in a particular embodiment, in a very simple way, cold water is preferably used as a cleaning aid. This cleaning aid can be applied to the solid material involved in the centrifugation process either once or in several subsurface stages. However, improved washing of the parts cut with water-based washing aids is also possible without centrifugation. A general expert's appraisal allows the optimization of the procedure in cold washing. In this case, too, the washing procedure can be accelerated basically by the application of mechanical energy. It is generally preferred to apply the energy to the water-based detergent phase and wash the material to be cleaned by sprayed in one or several stages using high pressure. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the relevant technology can be used to remove the cut parts by perforating the drilling mud by screening, particularly in vibrating screens, before the washing process according to the present invention. Accordingly, the subsequent wash step can be carried out, for example, directly on the solid material remaining in the screen in a comparatively thin layer. In this embodiment, the washing step can be carried out, for example, by pressure washing where the washing liquid is applied through solid cone nozzle heads, more particularly in the form of the corresponding pressure nozzles and, if is desired, even in the form of multiple component nozzles. Washing with multiple component nozzles of the type used in pneumatic scrubbing is especially effective. In this case, the nozzle assembly can be adjusted in a known manner by changing the air and liquid pressure to produce small droplets that are partially thin or thick. In this way a large relationship between air and liquid is possible. At the same time, the introduction of energy in the washing liquid in the form of small droplets can be intensified optimally which in turn optimizes the resulting washing. In this way, not only can youconsiderably reducing the total amount of the washing liquid to be used, but the hardness of the washing process can also be significantly shortened in such a way that this effective washing can be carried out in a matter of seconds, for example in up to 20 or 40 seconds or less . In this case, also the washing process can be carried out in the presence of several washing steps, the duration of each washing step is, for example from 1 to 10 or even from 1 to 5 seconds. In order to further intensify and shorten the washing process, vibrating screens can again be used where the cut parts are washed in a sieve in such a way that new parts of the stained cut surfaces are continually exposed to the washing liquid based on water sprayed in successive washing stages.

The high-pressure washing process can be carried out, for example, with sprays of washing liquid from 2 to 200 bar and preferably from 10 to 100 bar. The distance between the nozzles and the solid surfaces to be cleaned, for example, is a maximum of 10 to 50 cm. Effective cleaning is obtained with limited amounts of washing liquid that constitutes only a fraction of the cutting volume. The washing water containing the emulsion removed from the cut parts can be separated into a water phase / phase oil and, optionally, a solid phase of fine particles, if desired, after a temporary storage including a partial phase separation - for example in a three-phase separator. Again, in this field there is an expert knowledge of the separation of corresponding water / oil emulsions or dispersions for this separation step of faee. The separation process can be carried out merely mechanically, more particularly by separation by gravity in high-speed sentrifuges. Depending on the stability of the mixtures o / w present, corresponding separators generating relatively low "g" forces can also be used. Both separators and centrifuges can be integrated continuously in the separation process in a sonoside manner. Other known possibilities for separating washing liquids containing oil and water with well-known processes such as flotation and, particularly, separation into membranes. If necessary, a state of intensive emulsion in the washing liquid can be obtained in advance by the addition of demulsifier. Basically, it is possible at this stage of the process according to the present invention to achieve an adequate separation of the water and oil phases. This in turn allows the separate phases of this form between them can at least partially be reused. For example, the water phase can be re-used for the production of fresh drilling mud. The high flexibility of the teachings of the present invention in terms of the oil phase composition to be employed in specific cases will be easily observed from these considerations. Even in the case of strict requirements regarding the ecological compatibility of the process in terms of the parts cut to be discarded can be fulfilled in systems invested w / o through phases of oil that, to date, could no longer be used due to their incompatibility ecological and, above all, its inadequate capacity for degradation by natural processes of degradation in anaerobic condisions. Consequently, totally new possibilities are opened for the optimization of the three main parameters (technical perfection and complete ecological compatibility for a reasonable proportion between cost and effectiveness) that the invention seeks to achieve: by virtue of the possibilities described above for automatic cleaning and In the case of offshore exploration, a relatively large supply of asease phase to be degraded is no longer accumulated by releasing the cut parts of the adhering oil into the sea bed. Natural aerobic degradation processes in the oxygen-rich zone of the sea surface are activated. At least the Most of the oil can be removed from the cut parts before throwing them simply by means of a preliminary washing with a liquid based on cold water. It can be seen, therefore, that the wide range known to date of potential oil phases is open to the teachings of the present invention. Thus, oil phases or mixed oil phases belonging at least partially and preferably at least predominantly to the following classes of oils are suitable for the application of the teachings of the present invention: saturated hydrocarbons (linear, branched and / or cyclics), olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, more particularly of the LAO type (linear alpha olefins), type 10 (internal olefins) and / or the PAO type (polymeric alpha olefins), aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, acetals, esters of sarboxylyl acid, also fatty acids, silicone oils, (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and / or (oligo) ketones. The aforementioned carboxylic acid esters in this respect include, on the one hand, the corresponding esters of monocarboxylic acids and / or polysarboxylic acids and, on the other hand, sorptive esters of monohydric alcohols and / or polyhydric alsoholes. Reference is again made specifically to this aspect to the aforementioned publications on the use of phases of corresponding ester in the field in question returning to the work done by the applicants. As for the presentations of these literature references, however, the following discoveries were made for the variation in accordance with the present invention. In embodiments according to the present invention of the mixtures of multiple components in question here and, particularly, as regards drilling fluids formulated correspondingly, esterree of polyhydric alcohol with monocarboxylic acids and, particularly, esters of glycerol of natural origin and / or Synthetic can be used effectively for the first time as an oil phase or as part of the oil phase. In relevant publications of the above tea, it has been mentioned for many years that oils of natural origin and, consequently, glycerol-based triesters of higher inorganic fatty acids can be used as a securely oil phase in inverted w / o sludges. In the above-cited publications of the applicants on the subject of ether-based drilling fluids, it is shown that these aceberations of the prior art literature are merely theoretical and do not apply in practice. Surprisingly it has been found that, by using the systems according to the present invention, defined in detail below, that triglycerides of Natural and / or synthetic origin can be used as / or in the oil phase of the drilling fluids. For example, it is possible to employ triglycerides of vegetable and / or animal origin (for example, the type of rapeseed oil or the type of fish oil) which may be of considerable interest both from an ecological perspective as well as the cost relationship. and effectiveness.- The modifications of the composition of drilling fluids and fluids in the technical realization of the concept of conformity with the present invention (possible elesslon of the preferred emulsifiers according to type and quantity) obviously create such basic condiions modified by the use For a long time, this desired technical phase of oil, especially of natural origin, is possible for the first time. In terms of its chemical structure, therefore, any oil phase that allows the establishment of the physical parameters required by the present technology are basically adequate. These parameters will be discussed below. The aspects of optimized ecological compatibility continue to be an important aspect in terms of the choice of the oil phase, even though it is no longer as important as before - even taking into account the legislation in force. The use of phase inversion controlled by temperature provides an ecologically safe waste of the part of the drilling fluid that, to date, has presented the greatest difficulties in handling drilling fluids based on w / o inerts. As for this elimination of the exng difficulties, however, the teachings in accordance with the present invention also allow to achieve environmental protection up to a level unknown to date. By selecting especially safe oil phases from an environmental perspective for the inverted drilling fluid and due to the possibility afforded by the invention to minimize the problems of the degradation process, a global work result can be achieved up to the date unknown in the direction of the objectives of the present invention. It is particularly important in this regard to take into account the known possibility now used with particular benefit in accordance with the present invention for the use of selected mixtures of different oils as the phase of aseiting the drilling fluid. Aei, it is possible to use mixtures of, on the one hand, oils that are not easily degradable anaerobically and / or aerobically and, on the other hand, oils that are easily degradable in an anaerobic and / or aerodic manner, which, in the form of an optimized waste of compliance cuts. With the present invention, they represent an important step towards achieving the goal of total conformity optimization. invention. Regarding this aspect, we will first discuss here another possibility of modifying the technology of the inverted systems w / o in question. Here also, there are significant advances to be achieved over the relevant prior art. At present, the inverted w / o convensional systems and, more particularly, the inverted drilling fluids correspondingly contain the oil phase in an amount of at least 50% by volume, based on the volume ratio between the oil phase and the phase of water. The oil phase content is usually significantly higher, for example, in the order of 70% to 90%, by volume, of the oil / water mixture. Although the relevant literature also mentions inverted fl uids with low oil content, mixtures with relatively low oil content do not play a role in the practice, particularly in cases with the adequate ecological compatibility that is now required. It was emphasized at the outset that the range of phase inversion temperatures is determined, inter alia, by the ratio of the amount between the oil phase and the emulsifier / emulsifier system, more particularly nonionic emulsifier / nonionic emulsifier system. Now, the greater the amount of emulsifiers / emulsifier system (based on the amount of the asease phase) that ee employs, greater generally the decrease of the temperature range to adjust the PIT. At the same time, however, the stability of the inverted emulsion w / o in practice will increase so drastically that the range of useful quantitative proportions in the particular oil / water mixture is considerably broadened. Proportions in terms of quantities (parts by volume) between the water-based phase (w) and the oil phase (oil) in the following ranges will be audible to create the multiple phase and, preferably, mix that can be pumped: 90 at 100 W: from 10 to 90 of oil. The mixing ratios of 85 to 20 W: 15 to 80 oil can be especially preferred. Taking into account the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems defined below, it will be possible to employ easily the asex mixtures w / o which are the W phase in amounts of at least 30 to 40 parts by volume or haeta of at least 50 parts by volume, for example in quantities of 55 to 85 parts by volume. The oil phase can therefore be quantitatively wrapped in the minor component which, for example, in an amount of at least 10 to 15 parts by volume and preferably 20 to 50 parts by volume (based on the sum of W and oil) guarantees A condition of investment w / o stable in the temperatures prevailing in the rock. In this case, preferred multiple component mixtures according to the present invention are mix in which the fae paired in water contains up to 30 to 35% or more, preferably 40% or more and, with even greater preference, 50% or more (volume percentage, based on the W / oil mixture). Mixtures with a predominant water phase can be of particular significance, amounts of up to 85% by volume and, particularly, 55 or 60 or 80% by volume of the water-based phase are especially preferred. Accordingly, the invention also encompasses inverted drilling fluids w / o with a greatly reduced oil phase content which should constitute no more than 20 to 40% by volume, based on liquid phases, but at the same time meet the requirements established in practice. The fact that the waste is made again considerably considerably easier will be immediately apparent. Extensive knowledge in the literature and other relevant materials is available on the chemical characteristics of emulsifiers, particularly non-ionic emulsifiers that can have phase inversion controlled by temperature and the characteristics of emulsifier systems containing the corresponding non-ionic components. Even the above-mentioned article by SHINODA et al in Encyclopedia of Emuleion Technology, 1983, volume 1, pages 337 to 367 presents a list of more than 100 special representatives of emulsifiers, most of which which can be classified as non-ionised emulsifiers. In the relevant Table (table 4 loe. Cit), the particular chemical component is accompanied by its HLB index. The Table particularly covers the range of indexes from 1 to 20. The relevant previous literature is also represented by the article by Gordon L. Hollis in Surfacants Europea, third edition, The Royal Sosiety of Chemistry, more particularly in the chapter, Nonionics ( pages 139 to 317). In addition, the very extensive relevant literature is also represented, for example, by the following publications that appeared in the form of a book: M.J, Shick «NONIONIC SURFACTANTS», Marcel Dekker, INC., New York, 1967; H.W. Stache «ANIONIC SU FACTANTS», Marcel Dekker, INC., New York, Basel, Hongkong; Dr. N. Sshonfeldt «Grenzflachenaktive Ethyleneoxid Addukte», wissenshcaftliche velagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 1976. From the extensive knowledge of emulsifiers or at least partially non-ionised emulsifier systems, it is possible based on expert knowledge also cited at the beginning (SHINODA et al. al., and Th. Forster et al.) salculate the inversion temperature range for given mixtures of oil phase, emulsifier or mixtures of emulsifiers and aqueous phase. Accordingly, a few additional determinants applied preferably to the present inventiveness to the separation of the emulsifier or sietemae of emulsifiers are discussed below. It has been found to be useful to employ multi-component emulsifier systems to control and adapt the range of phase inversion temperatures (PIT) required to the particular mixture of the multicomponent system, more particularly, taking into account the choice of phase of oil in terms of type and amount and in terms of the level of soluble components in the aqueous phase. Mixtures that contain at least one main emulsifier component together are co-emulsifiers can be useful. Another preferred embodiment is that of primary emulsifier solvents which, in addition to being suitable for temperature controlled phase inversion, have relatively high HLB values. Components with corresponding HLB values in the range of about 6 to 20 and preferensia in the range of 7 to 18 have been proven to be components of suitable main nonionic emulsifiers. These main components are preferably used together with relatively highly lopophilic coemulsifiers which, in turn, have relatively low HLB values compared to the particular main emulsifier component or components. Therefore, useful coemulsifiers fall first and foremost within the range of HLB below the range mentioned above for the main component or components of emulsifiers. Suitable co-emulsifiers can also fall within this range of HLB to a when they generally have lower values than the component or components of main emulsifiers present in admixture with their individual HLB values. The following variant has proved to be especially interesting for applying the teachings of the present invention. In an important embodiment of the sonformity teachings are the present invention, the emulsifiers w / o employed in practice today particularly the inverted drilling fluids based on oil, can play the function of relatively highly lipophilic coemulsifisant in the emulsifier bins in accordance with the present invention. Examples of such emulsifiers w / o of reversed-based sludges that can be found in wide-scale use today are compounds of the anhydrically-modified oligoaminoamide class of long-chain fatty acids. The calcium salts of these components that are formed in the presence of lime have a remarkable emulsifying effect. In admixture with main components of emulsifier in the sense of the teaching according to the present invention, they become effective co-emulsifiers for systems of the type to which the invention relates. The fact that this variant of The teachings of the present invention can be especially interesting to note immediately. Existing knowledge of the experts as to the emulsion composition is reversed w / o based on oils or corresponding drilling muds can be largely conserved. The teachings in accordance with the present invention is implemented simply by adding one or more other components of emulsifiers of the type defined above which may exhibit a phase inversion controlled by temperature in the inverted seventh w / o. Modification of tested and tested multiple component systems of the type in question to meet our requirement of the teachings in accordance with the present invention can therefore be greatly simplified. The following factors may be considered of particular importance for the implementation of the teachings of the present invention. Suitable oil phases include fillers which, at the same time, have a remarkable coemulsifying effect in the combination of emulsifying system and oil phase. A classic example of a compound of this type are lipophilic fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin. Given proper flow properties under sonsions in use, they can be a valuable part of the asease phase or they can even form the oil phase globally. At the same time, they influence the relatively highly hydrophilic main emuleification components added by providing the required redussion of the PIT range. Alsoholes of this type are sonosome ecologically safe components. They are degradable both aerobically and anaerdically. Mixtures thereof with other oil components, more particularly oil components that do not have the same ease of degradation, provide valuable results in promoting the overall optimization sought by the invention. However, other oil phases known in the literature to be predominantly lipophilic when constructing high polarity groups may also develop a corresponding coemulsifying effect. The (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones are mentioned as examples of such oil phases. From the wide range of nonionic emulsifiers, particularly suitable main emulsifying components and / or co-ulsifiers can be assigned in accordance with the present invention to at least one of the following classes. (Oligo) alkoxylates - more particularly low alkoxylates, among which the ethoxylates and / or propoxylates are particularly important - basic molecules of natural and / or synthetic origin that contain lipophilic residues and that may present alkoxylation. The length of the alkoxylate groups relative to the lipophilic groups present in the molecule determines the particular mixing ratio between the hydrophilic behavior and the hydrophobic behavior conosidally and the associated assignment of the HBL values. Alkoxylates of the aforementioned type are known to be nonionic emulsifiers as such, ie, with a free terminal hydroxyl group on the alkoxylate resin, even when the corresponding ones may have a coated end, for example, by esterification and / or esterification. . Another important slase of non-identical emulsifiers for the purposes of this invention are partial esters and / or partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols containing in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 OH groups and / or oligomers thereof with acids. and / or alcohols containing lipophilic residues. Particularly suitable compounds of this type are compounds containing additional (oligo) alkoxy groups and, in particular, the corresponding oligoethoxy groups insorporated in their molecular structure. Polyfunctional alcohols containing from 2 to 6 OH groups in the basic molecule and the oligomeric derivatives thereof can be, particularly diols and / or triols or prodrugs of the oligomerization thereof, attributing particular importance to glycol and glycerol or to oligomers thereof. However, other polyhydric alcohols of the type collectively mentioned herein such as for example trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc., up to the glycosides or their respective oligomers may also have basic molecules for the drafting with acids and / or alcohols containing lipophilic groups which are therefore components of important emulsifier in the context of the invention. Partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols also include known nonionized emulsifiers of the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide / butylene oxide block polymer type. Further examples of corresponding emulsifier components are alkyl (poly) glycosides of long chain alsoholes, the already mentioned natural fatty and / or synthetic fatty alcohols and alkylol amides, amine oxides and lecithins. The presence of commercial alkyl (poly) glycosides (APG compounds) are emulsifying components in the context of the present invention may be of particular interest, inter alia, because the emulsifiers belonging to this class show remarkable ecological compatibility. Other main emulsifying components such as, for example, nonionic surfactant compounds with an inversion behavior of The relatively important phase can also be used in part, for example, to control the phase inversion in the temperature ranges defined according to the present invention. These other components of the main emulsifiers can be selected, for example, from the oligoalkoxylate compounds which have already been mentioned several times, more particularly from sorptive suspensions of the oligoethoxylate type. However, this multiple of the improved control capacity of the phase inversion behavior can also be achieved by a corresponding oligoalkoxylation of the APG components themselves. However, by suitable selection of the type and amount of APG component as the main emulsifier and coemulsifiers, for example conventional inverted emulsifiers, the requirements in accordance with the present invention can be met without any other emulsification aid. Without intending to give all the possibilities, the following representatives of the claee of suitable emulsifying components which are presented in the following list are additionally named: the (oligo) alkoxylates of basic molecules containing lipophilic groups can be derived in particular from representatives selected from the following classes of basic molecules that contain lipophilic groups: fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty acid and / or fatty alcohol esters and / or fatty alcohol ethers, alkalolamides, alkylphenols and / or reaction products thereof with formaldehyde and other products of the reaction of carrier molecules containing lipophilic groups with lower alkoxides . As already mentioned, the particular products of the reaction can also be at least partially covered ends. Examples of esters and / or partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols are in particular the corresponding partial esters with fatty acids, for example of the monoester and / or glycerol diester type, glycol monoesters, partial esters corresponding to oligomerized polyhydric alcohols, partial esters are desorbed and similar and associated solvents containing the ether groups. The broad knowledge of experts available can be applied in this regard. The partial esters and / or partial ethers in question can also be basic molecules for an (oligo) alkoxylation reaction. As mentioned above, a key determining element for the teachings of the present invention is the amount of emulsifiers / emulsifier systems that is employed in a multi-component mixture is adapted to the percentage content of the oil phase there. Accordingly, preferred amounts of emulsifier are of the order of 1% by weight or more and preferably within the range of 5 to 60% by weight. weight, based on the oil phase. In practical terms the following ranges of quantities have proven to be especially suitable for the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems employed in accordance with the present invention (based on the oil phase): from 10 to 50% by weight, preferably from 15 to 50% by weight, 40% by weight and more preferably from 20 to 35% by weight. Accordingly, the amounts of emulsifiers are comparatively large compared to conventional inverted w / o emulsion systems of the type employed in the field to which the present invention is directed. However, it is not necessarily a disadvantage. On the one hand, the necessary amount of oil in the water / oil mixture can be greatly reduced in this way in recession to the present levels without having to assume any disadvantage. On the other hand, the situation presented at the beginning has been taken into consideration, that is to say, selected oil phases, for example, fatty alcohols can play a double role and, therefore, are both the phase of asease at the same time a soemulsifisante in the formulated system of sonification with the invention. It can be seen that entirely new principles for the optimization of processes and processes in the sense of the problem addressed by the present invention can be derived from this aspect.

In addition to the above observations, the following additional comments apply to the choice of aseit phases. The emulsifier-free oil phase must initially be at least predominantly insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase and should preferably be able to flow and be pumpable even at room temperature. The flash points of the oil phases above 50 to 60ac, preferably within the range of 80 to lOOac or more and more preferably of the order of 120ac or more are desirable and preferred. It may also be an advantage to employ oil phases having a Brookfiel viscosity (RVT) at 0 to loc not higher than 55 mPas and preferably not greater than 45 mPas see the relevant literature mentioned on modern inverted w / o emulsions and, in part, the abovementioned European patent presentations of the applicants and the patent applications that are specifically included herein are a part of the presentation of the present invention. The same also applies to the mixture of fae aquoea, oil phase, emulsifiers and typical additives formulated as drilling mud. In a partisan mode, the mixture formulated as drilling mud has a plastic viscosity (PV) of no greater than 100mPas at a temperature of 10 to 15ac above the boundary between the medium emulsion phase and the inverted w / o range. The preferred drilling muds are corresponding drilling muds that have a plastic viscosity no greater than 80mPas and, particularly, within a range of 30 to 45mPas. The yield limit (YP) of drilling muds formulated in accordance with the present invention should not be greater than 80 Ib / 100 ft2 at a temperature of 10 to 15 ° C above the boundary between the medium emulsion phase and the inverted range and / or. The preferred fluensia limit is not greater than 50 lb / 100 ft2 and more particularly is greater than 4 to 5 lb / 100 ft2 for example within the range of 10 to 25 lb / 100 ft2. The appropriate overall composition of the free-flowing auxiliary employed to implement the teachings of the present invention is also determined by modern practical requirements. In this regard, reference may also be made to the extensive prior art literature mentioned in the description of the invention, particularly as regards inverted fluids w / o. Accordingly, suitable soundproofing mixtures are the present invention, for example, as drilling muds, they additionally contain auxiliaries that are typically employed in this field, such as, for example, separators, fluid loss additives, fine particle weighting materials, salts , optionally alkaline reserves and / or biocides. Particular details that may be applicable to the formulation of drilling fluid according to the present Examples of the invention can be illustrated in EP 374 672. The amount of water-soluble methyl glycoside compounds in the aqueous phase also falls within the scope of the present invention, see, for example, PCT WO 94/14919. A partiscular characteristic will now be pointed out in this aspect. Even when based on expert knowledge of the specialist field in question, this sarasterics has not generally been instrumental in the composition of known drilling fluids. It is known that water-based emulsion slurries, and particularly drilling fluids of the o / w type, can be stabilized against unwanted sedimentation of dispersed solids, even at comparatively low temperatures, due to the presence of soluble polymer compounds. In principle, water-soluble polymer compounds of natural and synthetic origin are suitable for this purpose. An expert knowledge relevant to this aspect can be applied. In accordance with the present invention, the drilling fluid, overall, can also be cooled out of the point of use to such an extent that it undergoes phase inversion in an o / w emulsion. The relevant rules that apply with regard to the adequate stabilization of the system in such a way that, particularly, the use of stabilization of polymer compounds soluble in water in question and / or even inflatable clays in water can be considered. Its presence in the inverted phase w / o in the hot work zone is not a problem. Detailed information regarding the composition of the drilling fluids of the type to which the present invention is directed and, more particularly, water-based or oil-based drilling fluids and auxiliaries used in practice in this regard can be found, for example in the book mentioned above by George R. Gray and HCH Darley entitled "Composition and Properties of Oik Well Drilling Fuids", fourth edition, 1980/81, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, see particularly chapter 1"Introduction to Drilling Fluids" and chapter 11"Drilling Fluids Components". In spite of the presence of all auxiliaries known per se, the characteristic of all auxiliary liquids and, particularly, drilling fluids in the context of the teachings of the present invention follow: even though the selection and the coordination of the emulsifiers / emulsifiers in terms of type and quantity, more particularly with the characteristics of the oil phase used, the inverted phase is formed above the middle emulsion phase upon contact with the inner part of the rock and the high working temperatures that prevail there at least on the surface of contact between the hot rock and the emulsion. Outside the working area, within the rock temperature is reduced, the behavior of these parts in the drilling fluid present there either entirely or individually can again be controlled in various ways through the choice and coordination of the above mentioned parameters. Finally, the objective pursued by the invention, according to what is formulated to the beginning, can be achieved in a way until the unknown date. The following examples are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention and not to limit said invention in any way. EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 7 below contain general formulations which are characterized by the basic system of oil phase and water phase or aqueous phase and emulsifier or emulsifier system. While the formulation of Example 1 is limited to these basic components, standard additives for drilling muds are used in examples 2 to 7. In the tables summarizing these examples, the values determined for the faee inversion temperature range (PIT) / ac) are assigned to the particular system. The PIT range is characterized by the lower and upper limits of the temperature. The phase inversion temperature is determined experimentally by measuring the electrical conductivity of the aqueous emulsions as a function of temperature. Specific details of the test procedure can be found in the general disclosures of EP 0 345 586 and EP 0 521 981. In the formulations of this example, some of the components used are identified by their somersial names: Cetiol Oil Faee OE: Ether oil dipped in di-n-octyl ether OMC 586 Oil phase based on a mixture of ester of substantially saturated fatty acids based on palm oil and 2-ethylhexane which, for the most part, comes from Ci2 14- fatty acids Mineralol Ha-359 Fraction of mineral oil with low aromatic level for inverted drilling fluids Emulsifisantes: Dehydol LT5 C02-i8 fatty alcohol * 5 E0 CETIOL HE fatty acid ester polyol based on polyoxyethylene glyceryl monobisolate DEHYMULS SML sorbitan monolaurate Eumulgin EP4 oleyl alcohol »4 EO Lutensol T05 and T07 isotridecyl alcohol« 5 EO and »7 EO Dehydol 980 fatty alcohol C10-1 • 1-6 PO • 6.4 EO RS 1100 soy polyol 85 * 61 EO Ez-Mul NTE inverted emulsifier w / o, a product of BAROID, Aberdeen Auxiliaries Geltone II: organophilic bentonite Duratone: organophilic lignite Tylose VHR and CMC E HVT cold water soluble polymer compounds based on carboxymethylcellulose Natrosol Plus filled with cold water soluble polymers based on hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) The additives that are additionally presented in the list in the tables eon evident from its chemical identification. EXAMPLE 1 Phase mixtures of ether-based oil and water in a 5% by weight aqueous solution of CaCl are homogenized in equal amounts in a customary manner using a non-identical emulsifier. The elastomeric conductivity of the emulsions is measured as a function of temperature and the range of temperature of phase inversion is determined in this way.

The following numerical data apply in this regard: (a) (b) Cetiol OE 45.0 45.0 Dehydor LT 5 10.0 10.0 Water, distilled 45.0 Aqueous solution of CaCl2 45.0 (5%) PIT / ac 69-81 59-68 Example 2 The dependence of the PIT range on basically comparable but modified systems is determined in three tests Comparison in all three tests the ethereal phase of ether and emulsifier correspond to the compounds of example 1. Now, however, typical auxiliaries employed in the weighted drilling muds are mixed as additives together with the oil phase and the emulsifier The difference between the three tests in this example are as follows. Example 2a Equal amounts by weight of oil phase and aqueous phase (CaCl 2 at 5%) Example 2b The percentage of oil phase is greatly reduced in relation to the aqueous phase (12 parts by weight to 41 parts by weight of the watery faee). The formulation does not contain a thickener soluble in cold water. Example 2c The basic formula of example 2b is preserved, but with the following modifications: the salt content of the aqueous phase is increased from 5% by weight of CaC12 to 30% by weight of CaC12 in addition. , a polymer compound soluble in cold water is used to quench the aqueous phase, even at low temperatures. The phase inversion temperature range PIT / ~ C) of all mixtures is determined. In addition, the viscosity of the mixtures is first determined at a temperature well below the PIT range (viscosity at 25 ° C) and at a temperature well above the PIT range (viscosity at 70 ° C). (a) (b) (c) Cetiol OE 25.07 12.0 12.0 Denydol LT 5 5.57 2.67 2.67 Bentonite 0.20 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0.40 0.40 0.40 Duratone 0.60 0.60 0.60 Tylose VHR 0.10 0.10 Natroeol Plus GR 331 CS 0.20 Barite 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 ( 5%) 25.7 41.03 CaC12 aqueous (30%) 40.93 PIT / ° C 55-65 54-61 47-49 Viscoe (100 / s) / mPas at 25 ° C 120 7 380 Viscos (100 / s) / mPas at 70 ° C 40 140 60 Ease sediment sediments sediments Slowly slowly slowly The clear reduction of the PIT range by the addition of the salt concentration of the aqueous phase (example 2c against example 2b) is evident in this case also. The lower viscosity of the multi-component mixture in the water-based o / w emulsion phase at temperatures below PIT (example 2b) is stopped by using the small amount of HEC-based polymer thickener. EXAMPLE 3 Examples 3a and 3b modify the oil phase of the particular multiple component mixture. It is now used in this OMC 586 oil. In accordance with the basic formulations of example 2, the oil phase and the water phase are used in equal amounts (example 3a) and the ratio o / w ee again reduces in a drastic (example 3b). The range of phase inversion temperatures is determined for both phases. (a) (b) OMC 586 25.07 12.0 Dehydol L T 5 5.57 2.67 Bentonite 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0.40 0.40 Barite 43.0 43.0 Duratone 0.60 0.60 CMC E HVT 0.10 0.20 CaC12 watery (30%) 25.07 40.93 PIT / ~ C 50-53 49-52 Stability sediments sediments Slowly rapidly EXAMPLE 4 A drilling fluid based on ester oil is prepared using the formulation of Example 3b and the range of inverted phase temperatures is determined. In the following Table the two measured values are presented separately as PIT / ~ C «ascending» for assendentes temperatures and somo PIT / ~ C «descending» in the fall of temperatures to the low. Additional samples of this mixture of multiple somatizers are conventionally aged by treatment for 16 hours in a roller oven. A sample (example 4b) is aged at a temperature of 250 ° F while another sample (example 4c) is aged at a temperature of 300 ° F. The respective ranges of phase inversion temperatures ("ascending" and "descending") ) of the aged sample are determined later The following Table shows that, even though aging has a certain effect on the PIT range, the differences remain within acceptable limits from the perspective of a practical application. (a) (b) (c) aged aged fresco for 16 hours at 16 hours at 250 ° F 300 ° F OMC 586 12.0 12.0 12.0 Dehydol L T 5 2.7 2.7 2.7 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 0.2 Geltone II 0.4 0.4 0.4 Duratone 0.6 0.6 0.6 Natrasol Plus GR 330 CS 0.2 0.2 0.2 Barite 43.0 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 40.9 40.9 40.9 PIT / ~ C (ascending) 47-49 28-34 32.35 PIT / ~ C (descending) 44-47 21-22 23-34 Example 5 In the following two mixtures, the oil phase is changed again and is now a linear α-olefin "LAO (C14-16)" which is commercially available and is used in practice as an oil phase for fluids inverted drilling for fluids w / o. In the same way as in Example 3, two drilling fluids which are on the one hand the oil phase and the water phase in a ratio of 1: 1 (example 5a) and, on the other hand, the oil phase in a drastically amount reduced are compared between it for the same emulsifier. The determined phase inversion temperature ranges - PIT / ~ C ("assendentes") and PIT / ~ C ("descending") - are associated with the partular formulations in the following Table. (a) (b) LAO C14 / 16 25. 1 17. 0 DEHYDOL LT5 5. 6 3. 8 Bentonite 0. 2 0.2 Geltone Ili 0. 4 0. 4 Duratone 0. 6 0. 6 Tylose VHR 0. 1 0. 1 Barite 43. 0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 2 255..00 35.0 PIT / ° C (ascending) 3 399--4444 23-45 PIT / ° C (dessendente) 3 399--4433 38-42 Example 6 In the following mixtures , the emulsifying system is changed but the filler fae of Example 5 is observed. A combination of emulsifiers of a comparatively hydrophilic polyol fatty acid ester Cetiol HE with a relatively hydrofdbic co-emulsifier (Dehymuls SML) is used in this example . The examples 6a and 6b use proportions between the oil phase and the aqueous phase of 1: 1 and quantities on the other hand identical additives, but they vary in the proportion of the two components of the mezsladoe emulsifier combination. The sompassion of the phase inversion temperature range is determined - PIT / ~ C ("ascending") and PIT / ~ C ("descending") - shows that the PIT ranges can be increased significantly by varying the proportions in terms of Amounts between the emulsifying solvent. The range (ranges) of PIT can therefore be adapted optimally to comply with the required standards. As in the previous examples, the formulation of Example 6c again varies the ratio between oil and water to a mixture with a relatively low amount of oil although in this case also, the investment range w / o required in practice is guaranteed not only in the hot well, but also in relatively cooler external sessions of the drilling fluid circuit. (a) (b) (c) LAO C14 / 16 25.1 25.1 17.0 Cetiol HE 3.0 4.0 2.71 Dehymuls SML 2.6 1.6 1.08 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 0.2 Geltone II 0.4 0.4 0.4 Duratone 0.6 0.6 0.6 Barite 43.0 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 25.1 25.0 35.01 PIT / -C (ascending) 13-18 20-30 15-27 PIT / ° C (descending) 7-9 20-16 18.22 Example 7 Using the emulsifier sample of Example 6 and In an oil phase based on the OMC 586 ester oil, two drilling fluid systems are quantitatively adapted between each other in such a way that the phase inversion temperature of both is within the ranges of approximately 20 to 30 ° C. drilling fluid contains equal amounts of oil phase and a solution of 30% aqueous calcium chloride in peeo (example 7), while in the second drilling fluid, the weight ratio between the water phase and the phase of oil is approximately 2: 1. The compositions of the respective peroxidation fluids and the determined phase inversion temperature range -PIT / ~ C ("assendente") and PIT / ~ C ("dessendente") - are presented in the following Table. (a) (b) OMC 586 25.1 17.0 Cetiol HE 2.6 1.75 Dehymuls SML 3.0 2.05 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 Geltone II 0.4 0.4 Duratone 0.6 0.6 Barite 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 25.1 35.0 PIT / ° C (ascending) 26-30 21-25 PIT / ° C (dessendente) 19-21 18-19 Stability sediments sediments Slowly very slowly Example 8 Various fluids of phase-based perforations of known oils for inverted drilling fluids w / o are formulated using the multi-component mixture with a comparatively low amount of oil of example 7b with their phase inversion temperature range of about 20 to 25 ~ C . The viscosity data of the material are determined in the following manner before and after the aging: The viscosity is measured at 50ac in a Fann-35 viscometer from Baroid Drilling Fluids INC. The plastic viscosity (PV), the yield point (YP) and the gel strength (lb / 100ft2) after 10 seconds and 10 minutes is determined in a known manner. The drilling fluid based on the standard formulation of Example 7b is aged by treatment in a roller oven for 16 hours at a temperature of 25600F. The oil phases used in the particular formulation ee Identify then and the characteristic data is determined before and after aging and are presented in the following table. The mixtures of multiple components tested correspond to the following formulation: oil phase Cetiol He 76.5 g Cetiol HE 7.9 g Dehymuls SML 9.2 g Solution of CaCl2 (30%) 157.5 g Bentonite 0.9 g Geltone II 1.8 g Duratone HT 2.7 g Barite 193.5 g Example 8a As an oil phase, rapeseed oil is used as triglyceride of natural origin. The characteristic data determined before and after the aging of the material are presented in the following table. Before After aging aging plastic Viscoeity (PV) mPas 37 45 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft '' 15 14 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 6 8 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 7 9 Example 8b The di-n-octyl ether Cetiol OE was used as the oil phase.

The materialistic data determined before and after the aging of the material are as follows: Before After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 59 51 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 24 19 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 5 5 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 7 6 Example 8c Isotridecyl alcohol is used as the continuous oil phase. The values determined for the system are the following: Antece of After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 37 Creep point (YP) lb / 100 ft.2"18 8 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 6 4 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 6 4 Example 8d The phase The oil used in this example is Baroid's CP07 comersial product, a phase of free-flowing oil based on saturated paraffins.The values determined are presented in the following table: Before After aging old Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 50 42 Creep point (YP) lb / 100 ft "16 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 4 5 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 5 6 Example 8e In this example, an alpha is used -olefins C? 4_16 (70/30) of the LAO type as the oil phase. The data Characteristics of the material before and after aging are as follows Before After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 50 46 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 15 18 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 eeg) 4 5 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 5 10 Example 8f The OMC 586 ester oil is used as the oil phase in this example. The characteristic data of the material before and after aging are the following: Before After Aging aging Plastic brownness (PV) mPas 66 67 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 25 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) Gel resistensia Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 6 6 Example 9 Under the headings Examples 9a, 9b and 9c, the following table presents formulations for drilling emulsions wherein the oil phase is formed by the ester oil OMC 586 together with a solusidn 30% aqueous CaCl 2 - The particular mixtures of emulsifiers used for the main component of emulsifiers and the co-emulsifier together with the other typical ingredients of the drilling emulsions are listed in the following Table where they are assigned to the effects 9a to 9c. Finally, the PIT ranges of the various mixtures of multiple components appear in the table. Examples 9a 9b 9c OMC 586 26.50 25.10 17.00 Eumulgin EP 4 3.90 RS 1100 2.60 1.75 Dhyl uls SML 2.02 3.00 2.05 Bentonite 0.23 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0.63 0.40 0.40 Duratone HT 1.03 0.60 0.60 Barite 36.18 43.0 43.0 Ca (OH) 2 0.08 CaC12 solution (30%) 29.42 25.10 35.00 PIT / ac (ascending) 27-36 22-30 22-26 PIT / ac (descending) 19-26 18-19 EXAMPLE 10 The mixtures of this example -10a to lOg- all employ a commercial w / o inverted emulsifier (Ez-Mul NTE, a product of Baroid Aberdeen) as a co-emulsifier. This inverted emulsifier w / o It is widely used in inverted drilling fluids. The soemulsifisante is combined with several prinsipalee emulsifier somponentee corresponding to the definition of conformity with the invention. The following oil phases are used - in each case together with 30% by weight of an aqueous calcium chloride solution: Example 10a -Mineralol Ha-359 Examples 10b to lOe Sterol OMC 586 Examples lOf and lOg Linear olefin (LAO C14) i 6 (70/30)) The typical ingredients of the drilling emulsions as presented in the following Table (type and amount) are mixed together with this component. The determined phase inversion temperature ranges (PIT / aC) are also illustrated in the Table. Examples 10a 10b 10c lOd lOe lOf lOg OMC 586 26.50 26.5022.69 25.60 Mineralol Ha-359 26.50 LAO Ci4 /? 6 (70/30) 25.10 17.00 Lutensol T07 4.20 3.30 3.50 2.37 C10-18 * carbonate 9EO 4.92 Dehydol 980 2.80 Alcohol of Guerbet Ci2 * 6 EO 5.83 Ez-Mul NTE as 1.72 1.00 3.12 3.90 2.62 2.10 1.43 emulsifier Bentonite 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.20 Geitone II 0. 64 0. 64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0. 40 0.40 Duratone HT 1. 03 1. 03 1. 03 1.03 1. 03 0. 60 0. 60 Barita 36. 18 36.18 36. 18 36.18 36. 18 43. 00 43.00 Ca (0H) 2 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 CaCl solution 29.42 29.42 29.42 29.42 29.42 25.10 35.00 (30%) PIT / ac (ascending) 14-24 35-41 24-3230-34 23-28 22-29 33-38 PIT / ac (descending) 21-29 23-24 EXAMPLE 11 In five test mixtures employing phase of OMC 586 ester oil and 30% by weight of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride as the liquid phase, the particular proportions between the oil and water (% by volume) that are used They vary as follows: 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 In each case, a mixture of Lutensol T05 is used as main component of emulsifier and EZ-Mul NTE as co-emulsifier as the emulsifier system. The amounts in which the five mixtures tested are present in the test formulation are presented in the following Table: plastic viscosity (PV in mPas), yield point (YP in lb / 100 ft2) and gel reagent (gel 10 inches / 10"in lb / 100 ft2) of these multicomponent mixtures are then determined before aging (BHR) and after aging (AHR) .The various drilling fluids are conventionally aged for 16 hours at a temperature of 250aF in A roller furnace Viscoeity plates are also determined in a conventional manner, see example 8. Table for example 11 ABC WTO 586 68.5 85.6 102.6 Lutensol TOS (g) 8.53 10.65 12.77 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 6.76 8.45 10.13 CaCl2 solution (30%) (g) 170.6 142.2 113.9 Bentonite (g) 0.9 0.9 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 2.5 2.5 Duratone HT (g) 4 4 4 Cal (g) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Barite (g) 107.8 123.8 140.1 Proportion o / w% in 40:60 50:50 60:40 volume of WTO 586 102.6 119.8 Lutensol T05 (g) 14.91 17.04 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 11.83 13.52 CaCl2 solution (30%) (g) 85.29 56.86 Bentonite (g) 0.9 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 2.5 Duratone HT (g) 4 4 Cal (g) 0.3 0.3 Barite (g) 156.7 169.1 Proportion o / w% in volume 70:30 80:20 PV (mPas) BHR AHR BHR AHR BHR HBR Yp (lb / 100 ft2) 73 10 69 55 45 44 Gel strength 10inch / 10 '35 1 24 20 10 9 (lb / 100 ft2) 6/7 3/3 5/5 4/4 3/3 4/5 PIT / ac (ascending) 30-41 25-31 23-26 PIT / ac (descending) 23-25 23-28 26-28 PV (mPas) BHR AHR BHR AHR Yp (lb / 100 ft2) 30 30 20 23 Gel strength 10in / 10 '3 6 5 4 (lb / 100 ft2 ) 3/3 3/4 2/2 3/4 PIT / ac (ascending) 23-29 21-23 PIT / 2C (descending) 23-30 22-24 EXAMPLE 12 The following Table shows a series of tests in accordance with the present invention employing eietemae of emulsifiers containing APG compounds as part of the main component or emulsifier components or as the sole component of the main emulsifier. The product C12-I6 APG marketed by applicants as APG 600 is used as the APG component. The products used contain 51% by weight of active substance. In both cases, the co-emulsifier used, the inverted emulsifier w / o commercial Ez-Mul NTE: The following table shows the composition of the drilling emulsions in percentage by weight and the temperature ranges of phase inversion (PIT / " Ascending C) Example Example Example 12a 12b 12C 12d OMC 586 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.5 26.5 Lutensol T05 1.65 APG 600 1.65 3.30 5.12 5.70 Ez-Mul NTE 2.62 2.62 3.30 3.00 Bentonite 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 Geltone II 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Duratone HT 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 Banta 36.18 36.18 36.18 36.18 Ca (0H) 2 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Solution of 29.42 29.42 26.92 26.64 CaC12 (30%) PIT / aC 20-22 46-49 10.6-14.7 22.4-27.5 (ascending) 5 PIT / ° C (descending) 9.9-14.3 22.0-7.0 Stability sediments sediments slowly slowly Example 13 Drilling muds of inverted emulsion using oil of rapeseed as a triglyceride of natural origin are invested in additional tests. Example 13 a uses rapeseed oil as the sole component of the oil phase. Example 13b employs a mixture of one part by weight solder oil and slightly more than 4 parts by weight of the ether medium. 586 somo faee de aceite. The composition in pee (in g) of the two tested emulsions can be found in the following Table. As in Example 8, piercing emulsions are aged for 16 hours at a temperature of 250 ° F and then tested at a temperature of 50 ° C to determine key rheological data in the same manner as described in Example 8. The values determined before aging (BHR) and after aging (AHR) are assigned to the respective drilling emulsions in the following Table 5 Finally, the determined PIT ranges are assigned to fresh and aged drilling emulsions. The illustrated figures represent the temperatures at which the conductivity reaches 0 ms / cm. Table for examples 13a and 13b 5 A B OMC586 (g) 82.6 Rapeseed oil (g) 102.6 20 Lutensol T05 (g) 12.77 12.77 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 10.13 10.13 CaC12 solution (30%) (g) 113.9 113.9 Bentonite (g) 0.9 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 2.5 Duratone HT (g) 4 4 cal (g) 0.3 0.3 Barite (g) 140.1 140.1 BHR AHR BHR AHR PV (mPas) 58 53 64 64 YP (lb / 100 ft2) 7 7 38 37 Gel strength 5/12 6/7 19/9 18/6 10 '/ 10' (lb / 100 ft2) PIT / ° C (ascending) 57.4 61.9 30 32.9 Example 14 To determine the cleaning performance in accordance with the present invention, solids were wetted with inverted drilling muds and then said solids were treated in a sentrifuge. Quantities of 10 g of clay cuttings (particle size 1-5 mm) are immersed in 100 ml of inverted drilling muds 14a (normal inverted mud) and 14b (mud with a PIT of 40 ° C) for 15 minutes at a temperature of 50 ° C. The composition of the drilling muds is established in Table 14. The cuttings were placed in a sieve where they were allowed to drip for 1 minute with occasional agitation. The cuttings covered with oil after heavy to determine the sanctity of drilling mud adhered. The cuttings are then placed in a centrifuge tube at the bottom of the sual, a 2 cm thick cushion of cotton is spread to absorb the sludge removed by centrifugation. The cuttings are then centrifuged for 1.5 minutes at 1800 min-1. The residue of hydrophobic somatifiers (mainly ester and possibly emulsifier) is removed after the surface of the cuttings by extraction with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride fraction is concentrated by evaporation. The hydrophobic components remain in the residue. The amount of hydrophobic components extracted reached 10% by weight (based on the amount of mud that adhered originally to the cuttings) in the case of mud 14a but reached only 5% by weight in the case of mud 14b. Table 14 Drilling mud A (normal inverted mud): OMC 586 250 ml EZ-Mul NTE 12 g Duratone HT 16 g Geltone II 1.0 g Cal 2.0 g Aqueous CaCl2 (30%) 80 ml Barite. 200 g Drilling mud B (drilling mud with a PIT of 40 ° C) OMC 586 176 ml Lutensol TO 7 14 g EZ-Mul NTE 1.8 g Bentonite 0.9 g Geltone II 1.8 g Duratone HT 2.7 g Aqueous CaCl2 (30%) 130 ml Barite 193 g

Claims

CLAIMS A procedure to facilitate the removal of working fluids that can flow and be pumped, based on inverted W / O emulsions containing an emulsifier -particularly corresponding to auxiliaries of the type used in geological exploration, such as, for example, inverted drilling w / o based on oil - and for the simplified cleaning of solid surfaces stained with sludge, if desired, using spray aids that can flow, characterized by, by selecting and adapting the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems to the oil phase of the inverted emulsion, a phase inversion controlled by temperature is achieved at temperatures below the temperature of use of the inverted emulsions w / o, but above the freezing point of the aqueous phase and because the waste and The cleaning is carried out at temperatures within the range of the temperature of phase inveretion and / or below that range. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the inverted emulsion to be removed or washed is cooled within the range of fae inversion temperatures (PIT) before and / or during the cleaning of stained solid surfaces, the clean or at least the resulting inverted emulsion to Washing is preferably cooled to temperatures below the PIT range. A process according to claim 1 and claim 2, characterized in that the solids are at least to a large extent separated under the effect of an increased gravity of parts of the material to be cleaned that can flow and can be pumped at the working temperature, preferably in centrifuges, decanting devices and / or cyclones. A method of conformity is any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stained solid surfaces are washed with water-based washing aids, more particularly cold water, their temperature is below the PIT range of the emulsion residues. To wash, the washing process is optionally accelerated by the application of energy. A preparation in accordance with claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the washing is carried out by spray washing and preferably by spray washing with excess pressure, preferably using multi-component nozzles of the type used for pneumatic spray. A method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the springs of the alterations Rock drilling holes covered with drilling mud residues are subjected to cleaning and, particularly, to the washing process which can be carried out optionally in several stages. 7. A process according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the washing layers have a limited duration, preferably lasting minutes, more preferably, about one minute maximum. 8. A profiling according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the liquid removed during the washing of the cuttings is separated into phases in the oil-based phase and the water-based phase which can be at least partially reused while being discarded. preferably any solid fraction of predominantly fine particles that accumulate additionally at the same time. 9. A process according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the emulsifiers or emulsifier systems cause a phase inversion controlled by temperatures in the particular multi-component mixture in question at a phase inversion temperature (PIT). from 5 to 10 ° C and preferably below 100 ° C are used in the inverted w / o emulsions. . A method according to any of claims 1 and 9, characterized in that the PIT of the mixture of multiple components is adjusted to values within the temperature range of 15 to 80"C, preferably to values within the range of 20 to 60 ° C and more preferably to values within the range of 25 to 50 ° C. . A process according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that emulsifiers / emulsifier systems which are at least partially and preferably at least predominantly nonionic and / or join both nonionic structural elements and anionisoetrue elements between thee in the molecular structure they are used in the multi-component system. . A method of conformity are claims 1 to 11, characterized in that multi-component emulsifier systems, especially for easier adaptation of the PIT to the predetermined working temperature range, are used, mixing of main emulsifying components with a behavior relatively labeled hydrophilic and highly lipophilic co-emulsifiers are preferred. . A process according to claims 1 to 12, characterized by the main component component of emulsifiers with HLB values of 6 to 20 and preferably 7 to 18, in a preferred embodiment. they are used together with relatively highly lipophilic co-emulsifiers with a lower HLB value compared to the main emulsifier component (s). 14. A procedure in accordance with the claims 1 to 13, sarasterized because the components of nonionic emulsifiers present (main emulsifier components and / or co-emulsifier) are representatives of at least one of the following classes: (oligo) alkoxylates, more particularly ethoxylates and / or propoxylates, of basic molecules of natural and / or synthetic origin which contain lipophilic residues and which can have alkoxylation, the asxylates preferably being coated ends, partial esters and / or partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols which are in particular of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 OH groups and / or oligomers thereof with acids and / or elseholes containing lipophilic residues, alkyl (poly) glycosides of long-chain alcohols, fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin, oligoaminoamines of fatty acids long chain modified anidnisamente, alkylolamides, amine oxides and lesitins. 15. A process according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are adapted in the amount used in the mixture of multiple components to the percentage of the oil phase there and are present in amounts of preferably 1% by weight or more and more preferably in a quantity of 5 to 60% by weight (based on the oil content) , particularly preferred ranges for these emulsifiers, again based on the oil phase, are ranges defined as follows: from 10 to 50% by weight, from 15 to 40% by weight and more particularly from 20 to 35% by weight weight. . A method of conformity is any of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the use of oil phases or mixed oil phases that pertenesen at least partially and preferably predominantly to the following classes: saturated hydrocarbons (linear, branched and / or cyclic ), olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters of monohydric alcohol and / or polyhydric alcohols, ethers, acetals, carbonic acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone oils (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones. A procedure in accordance with the claim 1 to 16, characterized by the regulation of the PIT of multiple component systems whose proportion in quantity (parts by volume) of the water-based phase (W) The phase of aseite (oil) is within the following ranges: from 90 to 10 W: from 10 to 90 oil, preferably from 85 to 20 W: from 15 to 80 oil. 18. A process according to claims 5 to 17, characterized in that the water-based phase (W) has from 30 to 35% by volume or more, preferably 40% by volume or more, more preferably 50% by volume. volume or more and up to 80% by volume of the W / aseite mix are preferred. 19. A development according to claims 1 to 18, characterized by the regulation of the PIT of drilling muds for land-based exploration and / or preferably exploration at sea, more particularly for the development of oil fields and / or gas, sludge from 15 perforation with a PIT of 50 ° C or less and more especially within the range of 20 to 35 ° C preferred. 20. A compliance procedure is the claims * 1 to 19, characterized in that the PIT of the global system is adapted to the condi tions in which the mud is used 20 of drilling in such a way that, after separation of the drilling mud, the cuttings covered with mud can be cleaned by washing with cold water, especially seawater, are phase inversion from w / o to o / w. 21. A procedure in accordance with the claims 1 to 20, characterized by the regulation of the PIT of drilling muds that, at a temperature of 10 to 15 ° C above the boundary between the medium emulsion phase and the inverted w / o range, they have a plastic viscosity (PV) no greater than 100 mPas, preferably no greater than 80 mPas and, with greater preference, within the range of 30 to 45 mPas and a yield point (YP) not greater than 80 lb / 100 ft2, preferably not greater than 50 lb / 100ft2 and, more preferably, within the range of 10 to 25 lb / 100 ft2. 22. A process according to any of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the inverted w / o thixotrdically thickened systems are subjected to regulation and adjustment of PIT. 23. The use of the method claimed in claims 1 to 22 for the simplified cleaning and deshielding of rose springs subtended with residual drilling mud during and / or preferably before being discarded on land or at sea.