[go: up one dir, main page]

MX2019003058A - Anticuerpos monoclonales novedosos para muerte programada 1 (pd-1). - Google Patents

Anticuerpos monoclonales novedosos para muerte programada 1 (pd-1).

Info

Publication number
MX2019003058A
MX2019003058A MX2019003058A MX2019003058A MX2019003058A MX 2019003058 A MX2019003058 A MX 2019003058A MX 2019003058 A MX2019003058 A MX 2019003058A MX 2019003058 A MX2019003058 A MX 2019003058A MX 2019003058 A MX2019003058 A MX 2019003058A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
antibodies
monoclonal antibodies
programmed death
novel monoclonal
present
Prior art date
Application number
MX2019003058A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Li Jing
Li Dong
Zheng Yong
Zhang Xinhua
Gololobov Gennady
Yang Baotian
Tang Zhewei
Xu Jianqing
Wang Zhuozhi
Original Assignee
Cstone Pharmaceuticals
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cstone Pharmaceuticals filed Critical Cstone Pharmaceuticals
Publication of MX2019003058A publication Critical patent/MX2019003058A/es

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/3955Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/39558Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2806Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2809Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2818Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/10Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/33Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/74Inducing cell proliferation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La presente invención proporciona anticuerpos monoclonales PD-1, particularmente anticuerpos monoclonales humanos de PD-1, que se unen específicamente a PD-1 con alta afinidad y comprenden una cadena pesada y una cadena ligera. La presente invención proporciona además una secuencia de ácido nucleico que codifica los anticuerpos de la invención, los vectores de clonación o expresión, las células hospederas y los métodos para expresar o aislar los anticuerpos. También se proporcionan inmunoconjugados, composiciones terapéuticas que comprenden los anticuerpos de la invención. La invención también proporciona métodos para tratar diversos cánceres con anticuerpos anti-PD-1.
MX2019003058A 2016-09-21 2016-09-21 Anticuerpos monoclonales novedosos para muerte programada 1 (pd-1). MX2019003058A (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/099576 WO2018053709A1 (en) 2016-09-21 2016-09-21 The novel monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1 (pd-1)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MX2019003058A true MX2019003058A (es) 2019-11-28

Family

ID=61690082

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2019003058A MX2019003058A (es) 2016-09-21 2016-09-21 Anticuerpos monoclonales novedosos para muerte programada 1 (pd-1).

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (3) US11414487B2 (es)
EP (2) EP3515938B8 (es)
JP (2) JP7101169B2 (es)
KR (2) KR102527160B1 (es)
AU (1) AU2016423559C1 (es)
BR (1) BR112019005316A2 (es)
CA (1) CA3037407C (es)
DK (1) DK3515938T3 (es)
ES (1) ES3017957T3 (es)
FI (1) FI3515938T3 (es)
HR (1) HRP20250400T1 (es)
HU (1) HUE071253T2 (es)
IL (1) IL265525A (es)
LT (1) LT3515938T (es)
MX (1) MX2019003058A (es)
PL (1) PL3515938T3 (es)
PT (1) PT3515938T (es)
RS (1) RS66679B1 (es)
RU (1) RU2757316C2 (es)
SA (1) SA519401370B1 (es)
SI (1) SI3515938T1 (es)
SM (1) SMT202500148T1 (es)
WO (1) WO2018053709A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT3334763T (pt) 2015-08-11 2024-10-28 Wuxi Biologics Ireland Ltd Novos anticorpos anti-pd-1
EP3370768B9 (en) 2015-11-03 2022-03-16 Janssen Biotech, Inc. Antibodies specifically binding pd-1 and their uses
RS66679B1 (sr) * 2016-09-21 2025-05-30 Cstone Pharmaceuticals Monoklonska antitela za programiranu smrt 1 (pd-1)
MX2019004834A (es) 2016-11-02 2019-06-20 Jounce Therapeutics Inc Anticuerpos de pd-1 y usos de estos.
PE20250757A1 (es) 2017-08-03 2025-03-13 Amgen Inc Muteinas de interleucina 21 y metodos de tratamiento
KR20200110358A (ko) 2018-01-12 2020-09-23 암젠 인크 항-pd-1 항체 및 치료 방법
US12398209B2 (en) 2018-01-22 2025-08-26 Janssen Biotech, Inc. Methods of treating cancers with antagonistic anti-PD-1 antibodies
CA3097062A1 (en) * 2018-04-15 2019-10-24 Salubris (Chengdu) Biotech Co., Ltd Antibodies binding pd-1 and uses thereof
WO2019204132A1 (en) * 2018-04-15 2019-10-24 Biosion Inc. Antibodies binding pd-1 and uses thereof
CN109160949B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2021-05-14 中国医学科学院血液病医院(血液学研究所) 一种鼠抗人pd-1单克隆抗体及应用
WO2020216348A1 (en) * 2019-04-26 2020-10-29 Wuxi Biologics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Bispecific antibodies against pd-1 and lag-3
JP2022534889A (ja) 2019-05-24 2022-08-04 ファイザー・インコーポレイテッド Cdk阻害剤を使用した組合せ療法
KR102866812B1 (ko) * 2019-09-25 2025-10-02 우시 바이올로직스 아일랜드 리미티드 신규한 항-pd-l1 항체
WO2021093764A1 (en) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-20 Cstone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Pharmaceutical combination and use thereof
WO2021110122A1 (zh) * 2019-12-05 2021-06-10 基石药业(苏州)有限公司 Cdk4/6抑制剂的组合疗法
EP4157876B1 (en) 2020-05-26 2024-09-04 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Anti-pd-1 antibodies
US20230331848A1 (en) * 2020-08-31 2023-10-19 Biosion Inc. Pd-1 binding antibodies and uses thereof
WO2022068919A1 (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-07 正大天晴康方(上海)生物医药科技有限公司 结合pd-1抗体的肽及其应用
WO2022118197A1 (en) 2020-12-02 2022-06-09 Pfizer Inc. Time to resolution of axitinib-related adverse events
EP4289866A4 (en) * 2021-02-04 2025-05-14 Genuv Inc. ANTI-PD-1 ANTIBODY AND ITS USE
TW202327595A (zh) 2021-10-05 2023-07-16 美商輝瑞大藥廠 用於治療癌症之氮雜內醯胺化合物的組合
WO2023079428A1 (en) 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 Pfizer Inc. Combination therapies using tlr7/8 agonist
CN116036266A (zh) * 2022-12-28 2023-05-02 广州誉衡生物科技有限公司 抗-pd-1抗体及其在制备治疗结肠癌患者的药物中的用途

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006021955A2 (en) 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Mor Research Applications Ltd. Use of bat monoclonal antibody for immunotherapy
EP2439273B1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2019-02-27 Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Human monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1(PD-1) and methods for treating cancer using anti-PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutics
US7662965B2 (en) * 2006-01-26 2010-02-16 Cornerstone Therapeutics, Inc. Anabaseine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and method of use thereof
US8168757B2 (en) 2008-03-12 2012-05-01 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. PD-1 binding proteins
EP2831114B1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2019-05-08 Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd. Tem-1 diagnostic antibodies
JOP20200094A1 (ar) * 2014-01-24 2017-06-16 Dana Farber Cancer Inst Inc جزيئات جسم مضاد لـ pd-1 واستخداماتها
CN105330740B (zh) 2014-07-30 2018-08-17 珠海市丽珠单抗生物技术有限公司 抗pd-1抗体及其应用
WO2016077397A2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Anti-pd-1 antibodies, compositions comprising anti-pd-1 antibodies and methods of using anti-pd-1 antibodies
TWI595006B (zh) 2014-12-09 2017-08-11 禮納特神經系統科學公司 抗pd-1抗體類和使用彼等之方法
WO2016127179A2 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Kadmon Corporation, Llc Immunomodulatory agents
PT3334763T (pt) 2015-08-11 2024-10-28 Wuxi Biologics Ireland Ltd Novos anticorpos anti-pd-1
DK3368572T3 (da) 2015-10-02 2022-08-08 Symphogen As Anti-pd-1-antistoffer og -sammensætninger
RS66679B1 (sr) * 2016-09-21 2025-05-30 Cstone Pharmaceuticals Monoklonska antitela za programiranu smrt 1 (pd-1)
CN109575139A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-05 上海药明生物技术有限公司 针对表皮生长因子受体和程序性死亡受体的双特异抗体
WO2021093764A1 (en) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-20 Cstone Pharmaceuticals (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Pharmaceutical combination and use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230014722A1 (en) 2023-01-19
EP3515938A4 (en) 2020-06-10
SMT202500148T1 (it) 2025-05-12
AU2016423559B2 (en) 2020-07-30
RS66679B1 (sr) 2025-05-30
EP4450616A3 (en) 2025-01-01
PL3515938T3 (pl) 2025-06-09
RU2757316C2 (ru) 2021-10-13
KR20210104749A (ko) 2021-08-25
RU2019111277A3 (es) 2020-10-23
IL265525A (en) 2019-05-30
BR112019005316A2 (pt) 2019-09-03
PT3515938T (pt) 2025-04-10
SI3515938T1 (sl) 2025-05-30
HUE071253T2 (hu) 2025-08-28
EP3515938B8 (en) 2025-04-30
HRP20250400T1 (hr) 2025-05-09
US11414487B2 (en) 2022-08-16
JP2021120378A (ja) 2021-08-19
CA3037407C (en) 2022-10-18
RU2019111277A (ru) 2020-10-23
CA3037407A1 (en) 2018-03-29
EP4450616A2 (en) 2024-10-23
EP3515938A1 (en) 2019-07-31
SA519401370B1 (ar) 2024-02-27
FI3515938T3 (fi) 2025-03-27
LT3515938T (lt) 2025-05-12
ES3017957T3 (en) 2025-05-14
EP3515938B1 (en) 2025-01-08
US20240101676A1 (en) 2024-03-28
JP7101169B2 (ja) 2022-07-14
DK3515938T3 (da) 2025-04-07
KR20190072524A (ko) 2019-06-25
JP2019536432A (ja) 2019-12-19
KR102527160B1 (ko) 2023-04-28
AU2016423559A1 (en) 2019-04-04
US20200002420A1 (en) 2020-01-02
KR102273634B1 (ko) 2021-07-07
AU2016423559C1 (en) 2020-11-19
WO2018053709A1 (en) 2018-03-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
SA519401370B1 (ar) الأجسام المضادة وحيدة النسيلة المبتكرة لبروتين الموت المبرمج (pd-1)
CY1123355T1 (el) Αντισωματα εναντι cd73 και χρησεις εξ αυτων
PH12020551317A1 (en) Anti-cd73 antibodies and methods of use thereof
ZA201706740B (en) Antibodies directed against t cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (tim-3)
MX2023007045A (es) Anticuerpos anti antigeno 4 del linfocito t citotoxico (ctla-4) y metodos de uso de los mismos.
EP3812398A3 (en) Anti-cd3 antibodies, anti-cd123 antibodies and bispecific antibodies specifically binding to cd3 and/or cd123
ZA201708265B (en) Tigit-binding agents and uses thereof
MX2023001791A (es) Anticuerpos dirigidos contra receptor de interleucina 36 (il-36r).
MD4716B1 (ro) Anticorpi anti-LAG3 şi fragmente de legare a antigenului
PH12019500122A1 (en) Bispecific antibody-like binding proteins specifically binding to cd3 and cd123
NZ738979A (en) Pd-1 antibodies
SG10201907161YA (en) Antibodies directed against lymphocyte activation gene 3 (lag-3)
EP3593812A3 (en) Treatment of cancer using chimeric antigen receptor
MX372817B (es) Anticuerpos dirigidos contra la proteína muerte programada-1 (pd-1).
PH12019502298A1 (en) Monoclonal antibody to pd-l1
JOP20200106A1 (ar) جسم مضاد أحادي النسيلة مضاد لـ il-5r?
EA201792460A1 (ru) Связывающие tigit агенты и варианты их применения