MX2010014302A - Seed-germination and seedling-elongation stimulants based on non-toxic natural compounds, which are compatible with multiple action agrochemicals. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to the use of biological compounds containing beneficial microorganisms which coexist as symbionts with the roots of native or wild plants and crops, which provide nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but also reduce the effect of soil phytopathogens that attack the roots of plants, since they may act as antagonists, this is the case of the Azospirillum brasilense bacteria and the Glomus intraradices fungus, which may be applied or inoculated in the seeds, by them selves or mixed with solutions of potassium chloride (KCL). The invention also refers to the use of hydrosoluble extracts of Larrea tridentata, which act as seed-germination and seedling-elongation stimulants, also increasing the dry biomass in seedlings of different agricultural crops. The application method is also included, which is based on soaking the seeds in an aqueous solution of the L tridentata extracts for a predetermined time before germination and development of the seedling. The process for extracting the L. tridentata resin with different solvents, as well as the process for turning the same into a soluble resin, is described in the process Patent for the production of water- soluble or -dispersible Larrea resin, which has the application number 9810828. The Larrea tridentata extracts are hydrosoluble powders which may be used by themselves, mixed therebetween, or mixed with other agrochemical products such as other growth regulators, pesticides, fertilisers or nutrients, for preparing aqueous solutions at different concentrations, which will depend on the type of seed and the desired results.

Description

NON-TOXIC NATURAL COMPOUNDS, PROMOTERS OF GERMINATION OF SEEDS AND GROWTH OF PLANT TREES, WHICH ARE COMPATIBLE WITH AGROCHEMICALS OF MULTIPLE ACTION DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Here we describe the use of compounds containing beneficial microorganisms that coexist as symbionts with the roots of numerous native and cultivated plants, which are able to provide nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but also can minimize the effect of soil phytopathogens when they act as antagonists, such is the case of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and the fungus Glomus intraradices that can be applied alone and / or mixed with potassium chloride (KCI) solutions. It also details the use of water-soluble extracts of Larrea tridentata as promoters of seed germination, elongation of stems and roots, as well as the increase in dry biomass in seedlings of various agricultural crops. The invention also provides the method of application, which is based on inoculating the seeds with the indicated microorganisms and imbibir the seeds for a certain time in aqueous solutions, as well as in mixtures containing KCI and extracts of L. tridentata; This should be done before putting the seeds in the right temperature conditions for the germination and development of the seedlings. As a result of said products and method, it is possible to increase the percentage of germination of seeds, improve the growth of radicles and stems and increase the production of dry biomass of the seedlings. The various biological and organic compounds here promote organic farming and can be used alone or mixed with other agrochemicals of action multiple at different concentrations, without causing an adverse effect on seeds and seedlings, as well as on animals and humans that consume them.

BACKGROUND The seed is the main reproductive organ of the great majority of the terrestrial and aquatic superior plants, since it plays a fundamental role in the renewal, persistence and dispersion of the plant populations, the regeneration of the forests and the ecological succession. The seeds have great relevance in the agricultural production process. Although they are the best vehicle for bringing technological advances to the field, they can also become transmitters of phytopathogenic organisms from one area to another. In suitable conditions for their development, these organisms cause a detriment in the yield of the crops and in the quality of the new seeds [International Workshop on Identification of Fungi and Stramenopiles Transmitted by Seeds. Texcoco, Mex. , August 26 to 30, 2002]. Currently, there is a great world demand for high quality seeds and health, because working with products of these characteristics allows to have greater productive certainty and ensure a good harvest.

Most producers of horticultural and forage crops in Mexico import their seed. The rest is produced in small volumes or collected directly from the field, with a germinative quality that does not meet the agronomic requirements and also, with problems of genetic identity and purity, which puts at risk the entire production process and the profitability of the crop. 70% of the food consumed in the world is provided directly by seeds, mainly cereals, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), v a \ z (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), as an essential source of carbohydrates. To a lesser extent, legume seeds, such as soybean (Glycine max), pea (Pisum sativum) and the different species and varieties of beans (Phaseolus spp.) Are of particular importance as a source of • proteins. Both groups cover a wide range of basic nutritional energy requirements (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) for man [E. Brown. 1996. Physical and biological analysis of agricultural seeds. UNAM. ISBN 968-36-5778-8].

In order to obtain high quality and yield crops, as well as to optimize agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals, the treatment of seeds before planting has been extensively used. With this it is possible to break the dormancy or latency, accelerate the germination time and / or improve the percentage and uniformity of germination in various crops [L. Rivero and J. Espinoza. 1988. Duration of dormancy in seeds of Brachiaria decumbens. Tropical Pastures, 10 (1): 20-25].

Just as good germination of the seed is important for the proper establishment in the field of any crop, a good development of the root system is also indispensable. A well-developed root, in addition to improving the anchoring of the plant, absorbs a greater amount of water and nutrients because it explores a greater volume of soil. It also has a greater capacity to store water and minerals and to lead them to the stem and leaves. In the case of crops that grow under arid conditions, the storage of water in the root system works as a physiological adaptation strategy to deal with the lack of water in the initial stages of establishment of the plants. Because water absorption is proportional to root density, the benefit that can be achieved by promoting root cell elongation is obvious [H. Takahashi, T. K. Scott and H. Suge. 1992. St mulation of root elongation and curvature by calcium. Plant Physiology, 98 (1): 246-252].

The products used to improve the germination of seeds and / or stimulate cell elongation in seedlings have been many and varied. For this you can use hot water or at room temperature, hydrogen peroxide, hormonal substances such as gibberellic acid (GA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemicals that function as growth regulators [L. S. Katzman. 2001. HortScience 36 (5): 979-981], It is important to make a distinction between the terms "plant hormones" and "plants growth regulators". The first are natural substances produced in a part of the plant, which are transferred or translocated to other parts to control activities of the same plant. Growth regulators that include plant hormones, can be natural or synthetic and are defined as organic compounds other than nutrients, which used in small amounts can encourage, inhibit or modify various physiological processes of plants [H. Hartmann.1981. Plant Science, Growth Development and Utilization of Cultivated Plants, Prentice-Hall, Inc., p. 133-141].

The main plant hormones are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene. The precursors of these hormones are the amino acid methionine and linoleic acid. The most common auxin is the AIA that the plant synthesizes from the amino acid tryptophan in the cells of the apical meristem of the stem and branches, as well as in the leaf buds when they are in development. The main action of the AIA is to promote cell elongation. The gibberellins (AG) are produced in the embryo or cotyledons of the seeds, at the apex of the stem of the plants, mainly in the small leaves in formation, and in large quantities, in the root system. Although the main function of AG is to stimulate cell division and elongation, it is known that in several species it also interacts with phytochromes to stimulate seed germination, bud opening, shattering of dormancy and flowering [P. J. Davies, 2010. Plant Hormones, Their Nature, Occurrence, and Functions. 3rd Edition. Springer, Ithaca, New York,].

The irrational use of agrochemicals of synthetic origin such as fertilizers, growth regulators and pesticides has brought numerous side effects, among which stand out the development of resistant populations of insects, fungi and bacteria, the resurgence of new pests, the intoxication of humans, the elimination of beneficial fauna, the increase in production costs and, the contamination of crops and ambient. This situation has led to a growing demand for organic vegetable and biological products to be used in agricultural and forestry production systems. [D. Torres and T. Capote. 2004. Agrochemicals: a global environmental problem. Ecosystems 13 (3): 2-6.

On the other hand, the microorganisms involved in the present invention are beneficial organisms such as rhizospheric bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi used as biofertilizers. Their populations live associated or in symbiosis with plants and help their natural nutrition process, in addition to being soil regenerators. These microbes are found naturally in soils that have not been affected by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers or other agrochemicals, which diminish or eliminate these populations. Biofertilizers made with mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial products that are associated with the roots of plants and favor their nutrition. They are present in all agricultural soils and their association with plants is beneficial, both for the plant and for mycorrhiza due to the exchange of nutrients. Mycorrhiza allows the plant to increase root exploration with an increase in the absorption and transport of nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, zinc and soil water, providing greater advantages for its development and productivity. These biofertilizers do not contaminate or cause damage to the soil, neither to the plant nor to man. They increase the yield of crops at a low cost and also make it possible to complement the use of chemical fertilizers, mainly nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers [N. Garg and S. Chandel. 2010. Arbuscular mycorrhízal networks: process and functions. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Deveiopment, 34: 1-17].

In the rhizosphere of numerous species of native plants and cultivated such as corn, sorghum, wheat, grasses, sugarcane, etc., bacteria of the genus Azospirillum sp., Which fix atmospheric nitrogen and produce substances that stimulate plant growth, have been found and the development of the radical system [Y. Okon, 1994. Azospirillum / plant associations. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fia., USA.]. When these microorganisms are inoculated to plants grown in a pot, in the field and even in vitro, they provoke modifications of the root system, inducing improvements in plant nutrition and yields [O. Pérez-Garcia 2010. Journal of Phycology 46: 800-812].

Azospirillum brasilense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that lives in symbiosis with the roots of plants and can benefit numerous crops of agricultural importance [A. Hartmann and Y. Bashan, 2009. Ecology and application of Azospirillum and other plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB). European Journal of Soil Biology 45: 1 -2]. A. brasilense, is capable of producing plant growth hormones, generating an important growth of the root system, which allows greater capacity of absorption of water and nutrients available in the soil, including the greater absorption of applied nutrients or fertilizers [B. M., Hernández and Y. Bashan. 2006. Restoration of giant cardon cacti in barren desert soil amended with common compost and inoculated wit Azospirillum brasilense. Biology and Fertility of Soils 43: 1 12-1 19].

With regard to mycorrhizal fungi (MH) the term mycorrhiza means fungus-root association, which is an association between the hairs of the root of a plant and the fungus specific to mycorrhiza. Both microorganisms are capable of absorbing, accumulating and transferring the main macro, micronutrients and water to the plant more quickly than the roots without mycorrhizae in cultivated plants [R. Sánchez, V. Pecina and J. Loera. 2008. Glomus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense in wheat under two moisture regimes in the soil. University and Science, 24 (3): 239-245].

Among the organisms that inhabit the soil, it is worth highlighting the ecological function of MB, which are widely spread throughout the earth's surface and establish symbiosis with at least 80% of vascular plants. There are several types of MH, with the most abundant endomycorrhizal fungi forming arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are characterized by their hyphae penetrating the root cells forming storage structures (vesicles) and bidirectional exchange of nutrients and carbon. [L.B. Martínez and F. I. Pugnaire. 2009. Interactions between the mushroom communities that produce arbuscular mycorrhizae and plants. Some examples in semi-arid ecosystems. Ecosystems, 18 (2): 44-54].

Decades of research show that MB increases plant tolerance to drought, compaction, high soil temperatures, heavy metals, salinity, organic and inorganic toxins, and soil pH extremes. These organisms also prolong the life, viability, and productivity of the root system of the plant [S.E. Smith and D. J. Read, 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press, San Diego, USA].

Potassium chloride (KCI) is also found naturally in terrestrial ecosystems, which is used in medicine, agriculture, scientific applications and in food processing. Most of the potassium chloride produced is used in the manufacture of fertilizer, since the growth of many plants is limited by the consumption of potassium. As a chemical reagent it is used in the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and metallic potassium. It is also used in scientific applications; in medicine it is applied in cases of diarrhea, vomiting and post-surgical treatment of the digestive system [Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990].

On the other hand, Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville, also known as governor, hediondilla, chaparral or creosote bush, belongs to the family Zygofiláceas (Zygophyllaceae), is a xerophytic shrub that grows in the arid zones of northern Mexico and southwest of the United States, specifically in the geographical area of the Chihuahuan, Sonoran and Mojave deserts. With the leaves of L. tridentata, extracts containing a wide variety of chemical compounds are obtained: phenols, lignans, flavonoids aglycones, flavonoids glycosides, saponins, triterpenes, volatile monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, aromatic compounds, steroids, tannins, waxy esters, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, among other compounds. The content of amino acids and minerals may be around 30% [E. Fields, T.J. Mabry and S. Fernández. 1979. LARREA. The Desert Series Vol. 2, ISBN 968-823-022-7].

Plant extracts represent a viable option for the prevention and control of pathogenic microorganisms in agriculture and in alternative medicine from a natural organic perspective, because they are an abundant source of biochemicals that have activity against bacteria, fungi and insects [R.H. Lira-Saldivar. 2002. Hydrosoluble extracts of Larrea tridentata from two desertic zones from the north of Mexico and its inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum. F????. International Journal of Experimental Botany. 167-172.], Countries such as Mexico with ample biodiversity, are an important reservoir of plants, which are the direct source of phytochemicals used to manufacture new biopesticides. A typical case of the aforementioned is exemplified by the case of the perennial shrub known as the governor (L. tridentata) distributed in the arid zones of northern Mexico. [R. H. Lira-Saldivar. 2003. Current state of knowledge about the antifungal and biocidal properties of Larrea tridentata (D.C.) Coville or governor. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 21: 215-223].

As a result of the combination of microorganisms such as rhizobacteria and mycorrhiza previously mentioned; the use of KCI in a wide range of concentrations and in addition, considering that some compounds obtained from plants are in many cases the precursors of hormones and growth regulators in plants, the water-soluble extracts of L. tridentata resin were also evaluated. to stimulate germination of seeds and promote cell elongation of the stem and roots of the seedlings obtained from these seeds. Therefore, this invention describes the preparation of formulations and doses that do not have harmful effects against humans, animals, plants and the environment, which significantly improve the germination of seeds, as well as the growth and vigor of seedlings of agricultural crops. .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the use of microorganisms such as A. brasilense and G. intraradices, mineral salts of potassium chloride and extracts of L. tridentata, which when used alone and / or mixed, have the effect of acting as promoters of germination of seeds and cellular elongation of the root system and the stalk of cultivated plants, this occurs in a similar way to that caused by traditional fertilizers or synthetic plant hormones. The products reported in the present invention can be used alone or in admixture with each other and with other agrochemicals, which can act as growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers or nutrients. The use of the mixtures can have a synergistic, antagonistic or merely additive effect.

The rhizospheric bacteria A. brasilense, the mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices, the KCI and the extracts of L. tridentata, alone or in the aforementioned mixtures, can be used in the form of solutions, suspensions or pastes to inoculate the seeds. The forms of application, as well as the concentrations used, depend entirely on the types of seeds to be treated or on the results to be obtained. As a general rule they will be applied in the form of aqueous solutions.

The seeds that can be treated with the microorganisms, products and extracts mentioned here with the purpose of promoting the germination of seeds, as well as stimulating the cellular elongation of radicles and stems, besides increasing the production of biomass or dry weight per seedling, include but they are not limited to Legumes such as beans, Gramineas such as corn, Solanaceae as tomato and chili, Cruciferae as broccoli, Cucurbitaceas as melon, Amaryllidaceae as onion and Composed as lettuce; those species of crops among many others of utility and agricultural, medicinal and / or livestock importance.

The method to be used in the application of microorganisms, products or extracts would be any method conventionally used for the application of commercial compounds that promote the germination of seeds and / or root growth and seedling seedling. Generally the method consists of inoculating the seeds with the powder that the microorganisms contain, plus the product used as an organic adherent (grenadine, gum arabic, sugar, etc.), soaking or imbibing the seeds in the solutions containing the promoters or stimulants, for a certain time prior to planting the seeds.

The rhizobacteria and the mycorrhiza are applied directly to the seed. In annual crops with medium seed size such as corn, sorghum, beans and soybeans, one kg of the powder or medium that contains them is applied to seed one hectare of land. In crops with small grain seed such as wheat, barley, oats the seed is required up to 3 kg to mix it with the required seed in order to plant one hectare. The contents of the envelope with the adhesive should be placed in a container and 250 to 300 ml of water added. Then it must be stirred to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In this way the seeds are inoculated with microorganisms and ready for planting.

In the case of extracts of L. tridentata, small amounts which are usually about 50 to 3000 ppm in a liter of water, and preferably between 250 to 1000 ppm of the dispersed extract in water, are required to be effective when applied to seeds to promote germination as well as cellular elongation of radicles and seedlings of seedlings, in addition to increasing the amount of dry biomass per plantlet. Depending on the type of seed that you want to treat, the imbibition times can be from 1 to 12 hours, however, times of 1 to 3 hours are effective to achieve the aforementioned benefits. As regards the use of potassium chloride, the usual amounts to be used in the aqueous solution destined to imbibe the seeds, range from 8 to 12 grams of this salt per liter of water, which can be increased progressively until reaching 20 to 30 grams of KCI per liter of water.

BEST METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Below are some examples of the evidence generated with various seeds of crops of great economic importance, with respect to the benefit obtained in seed germination, seedling growth and accumulation of dry biomass, with the use of the microorganisms A. brasilense and G intraradic, alone and mixed with potassium chloride; as well as with extracts of L. tridentata. Likewise, the method followed for treating the seeds and the results obtained in said evaluations is mentioned. These examples are offered to further illustrate the novelty and usefulness of the present invention, but not with the intention of unduly limiting it.

In all the examples, the biological and organic evaluation products refer to the bacteria A. brasilense, the mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices and the water-soluble methanolic or ethanolic extracts of the leaves of L. tridentata. The process of extracting L tridentata resin with different solvents, as well as the process for making it water soluble, are described in the patent "Process for the production of governor resin (Larrea) soluble or dispersible in water" which has the application number registration 9810828. The evaluation product is dissolved in water, alone or mixed with different doses of gibberellic acid (AG3), to prepare solutions at different concentrations and enhance the effect of same on seeds of different crops.

Example 1 : Tests to compare the germination of seeds of chilaca pepper, tomato ball, melon, cucumber and broad chili, which were inoculated with an aqueous paste of soil and powder containing strains of the bacteria A. brasilense and the fungus G. iñtraradices, alone and mixed to form a coinoculum, also included as points of comparison or reference, treatments with distilled water and with 300 ppm / Lt of gibberellic acid.

Table 1. Percentage of germination, dry weight per plantlet, root and stem lengths of chilaca chile seeds treated with distilled water, gibberellic acid (AG3), A. brasilense, G. iñtraradices and the mixture of A. brasilense + G. iñtraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Measured parameters in Chile chilaca Treatments: 1) Distilled water, 2) Gibberellic acid (AG3), 3) A. brasilense, 4) G. iñtraradices, 5) A. brasilense + G. iñtraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Table 2. Percentage of germination, dry weight per plantlet, root and stem lengths of criollo wide chili seeds treated with distilled water, gibberellic acid (AG3), A. brasilense, G. intraradices and the mixture of A. brasilense + G intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Parameters measured in Chile criollo width "Treatments: 1) Distilled water, 2) Gibberellic acid (AG3), 3) A. brasilense, 4) G. intraradices, 5) A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Table 3. Percentage of germination, dry weight per plantlet, root and stem lengths of ball tomato seeds treated with distilled water, gibberellic acid (AG3), A. brasilense, G. intraradices and the mixture A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Measured parameters in Tomato bola Treatments: 1) Distilled water, 2) Gibberellic acid (AG3), 3) A. brasilense, 4) G. intraradices, 5) A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Table 4. Percentage of germination, dry weight per plantlet, length of root and stem of cantaloupe melon seeds treated with distilled water, gibberellic acid (AG3), A. brasilense, G. intraradices and the mixture A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Measured parameters in cantaloupe melon Treatments: 1) Distilled water, 2) Gibberellic acid (AG3), 3) A. brasilense, 4) G. intraradices, 5) A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Table 5. Percentage of germination, dry weight per plantlet, lengths of root and stem of short cucumber seeds treated with distilled water, gibberellic acid (AG3), A. brasilense, G. intraradices and the mixture A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

Measured parameters in Cucumber short Treatments: 1) Distilled water, 2) Gibberellic acid (AG3), 3) A. brasilense, 4) G. intraradices, 5) A. brasilense + G. intraradices + 10 gr / Lt of KCI.

EXAMPLE 2: Tests to compare the germination of seeds of romaine lettuce, onions and beans that were imbibed in water, in aqueous solutions of a water-soluble, methanolic or ethanolic extract of Larrea tridentata and in mixtures of the methanolic extract with gibberellic acid.

The seeds used in this trial were two horticultural crops (lettuce and onion) and two legumes (two varieties of beans). The seeds received a treatment that consisted of submerging them in containers containing aqueous solutions of L. tridentata extract at different concentrations, allowing them to soak or soak for a certain time, which in this case was 1.5 hours. At the end of the imbibition period, the seeds were removed from the containers and placed on a piece of Anchor absorbent paper with dimensions of 25 x 45 cm, which was previously moistened in running water. In each paper portion, 25 seeds were planted, orienting them with the hilus towards the same side. Later the paper was rolled up and both ends were tied with rubber bands. The rolls of paper containing the seeds were placed in polyethylene bags, which in turn were introduced in a germination chamber with constant temperature of 25 ° C, with daily cycles of 12 light hours and 12 hours of darkness for 7 days.

Table 6 shows the comparison made between the percentage of germination obtained when treating the seeds with water (control) and with aqueous solutions of the extract of L. tridentata in four concentrations. In this table it can be seen that the percentage of germination in the four agricultural species was consistently greater when they were treated with extracts of L. tridentata in any of the concentrations used.

Table 6. Germination percentage of Clemente variety lettuce seeds, Variety Tribute onion and beans of the Pinto Villa (PV) and Bayo Zacatecas (BZ) varieties treated with aqueous solutions of a water-soluble, methanolic or ethanolic extract of L. tridentata.

L. Tridentata (ppm) SPECIE 250 500 1000 2000 Water (Witness) Lettuce 99 100 99 99 98.0 Onion 95 86 85 94 81.0 Beans PV 84.3 86.6 82.6 84 71.6 Beans BZ 98.3 96.6 98.3 97.3 92.0 Aqueous solutions were also prepared containing 1000 ppm of the methanolic extract of L. tridentata mixed with the phytohormone gibberellic acid at the concentrations of 270, 540 and 810 ppm. This was done for the purpose of comparing the effect of using the extract alone and mixed with this hormone, which is extensively used in a practical and commercial way to stimulate seed germination. Table 7 shows the germination values of bean seeds of the Pinto Villa and Bayo Zacatecas varieties treated or incubated in the aforementioned solutions. In this table it is appreciated that the extract alone of L. tridentata improved the germination in the two bean varieties and even, in some cases, its results were better than those obtained with the mixtures.

Table 7. Percentage of germination of seeds of two bean varieties treated with aqueous solutions of 1000 ppm of a methanol extract of L. tridentata and mixtures of 1000 ppm of the extract evaluated with three different doses of gibberellic acid (AG3).

AG3 dose, plus 1000 ppm of L. tridentata extract EXAMPLE 3: Test to compare the growth of the radicle of seedlings of romaine lettuce, onion ball and two varieties of beans from seeds imbibed in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of a water-soluble, methanolic or ethanolic extract of L tridentata.

The methodology of this example is the same as that mentioned in Example 2. In Table 8 a comparison is made of the growth observed in the radicle of lettuce seedlings, onion and beans, from seeds treated with aqueous solutions of L. tridentata extract, measured eight days after the seeds were germinated on Anchor paper. In this table it can be seen that the seedlings of the mentioned species were stimulated with the evaluated extract, since they consistently showed a greater growth than those imbibed in water (control). It is important to note that in the case of lettuce seedlings, the effect of the extract at doses of 500 and 1000 ppm meant that the length of the radicle was 78% higher than the length of the radicle of the control. .

Table 8. Radicular growth (cm) of Clemente lettuce seedlings, onion Tribute variety and beans of the Pinto Villa (PV) and Bayo Zacatecas (BZ) varieties. from seeds treated with aqueous solutions of a hydrosoluble, methanolic or ethanolic extract of L. tridentata.

L. Tridentata (ppm) SPECIE 250 500 1000 2000 Water (Witness) Lettuce 16.12 16.55 16.50 10.17 9.25 Onion 13.45 14.40 13.12 10.60 1 1.87 Beans PV 19.24 19.35 19.31 18.77 17.24 Bean BZ 16.05 15.62 15.54 16.76 14.10 EXAMPLE 4: Test to compare the growth of talluelp of bean seedlings from treated seeds, at two imbibition times, in aqueous solutions of the water soluble methanolic extract of L. tridentata and in mixtures of the same extract with gibberellic acid.

The methodology followed in this example is the same as that described in Example 2. Table 9 shows the comparison of the length of the seedling (plumule) of Bayo Zacatecas variety of bean seedlings measured eight days after having been placed germinate the seeds in Anchor paper. In this picture, it can be appreciated that the seedlings of the seeds treated with the extract of L trídentata and with the mixtures of the same extract with gibberellic acid, consistently showed a greater growth than those imbibed in water (control).

Table 9. Stem growth (cm) of Bayo Zacatecas variety (BZ) bean seedlings from seeds treated with aqueous solutions of 1000 ppm of the water soluble methanolic extract of L. trídentata and with mixtures of 1000 ppm of the same extract with three different doses of gibberellic acid (AG3).

AG3 dose plus 1000 ppm of L. trídentata EXAMPLE 5: Test to compare the production of dry biomass of bean seedlings from imbibed seeds, at three different times, in aqueous solutions of the water soluble methanolic extract of L. trídentata.

The methodology followed is the same as that described in Example 4, except that in this case the imbibition time of the seeds was varied (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 hours). At the end of these periods the seeds were taken out of the containers and arranged to germinate as indicated in Example 4. Table 9 shows the results obtained with respect to the effect of the L. trídentata extract on the production of dry biomass. of seedlings of Pinto Villa variety beans, measured eight days after the seeds were germinated on Anchor paper. This table shows that the average production of dry biomass was consistently higher with respect to the control, in the seedlings obtained from seeds treated with the extract of L. tridentata.

With respect to the time of soaking or imbibition of the seeds in the solutions, the best results were obtained for the times of 1.5 and 3 hours.

Table 9. Production of dry biomass of Pinto Villa variety bean seedlings from seeds subjected to different imbibition times in aqueous solutions of the water soluble methanolic extract of L. tridentata.

L. Tridentata ppm) Time (hours) 250 500 Water (Witness) ? 5 92.88: 92.54 | 87.63 3. 0 97.33 91.1 1 84.64 4. 5 88.96 88.59 79.73

Claims (10)

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1. The method to use free-living microorganisms such as the rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense and the fungus Glomus intraradices, which can be used alone and / or mixed with the salt potassium chloride, which act as accelerators of germination, amplifiers of growth and enhancers of the development of roots and stems of numerous agricultural, fodder and other medicinal crops.

2. The use as promoters of seed germination, of the water-soluble resin extracts of Larrea tridentata leaves, whose extraction process with different solvents, as well as the procedure for making them water-soluble are described in the patent "Process for the production of resin of governor { Larrea) soluble or dispersible in water "which has the registration application number 9810828.

3. The use as promoters of the root growth and seedling stem, of the water-soluble resin extracts of Larrea tridentata leaves, whose extraction process with different solvents, as well as the procedure to make them water-soluble, are described in the patent "Process for the governor resin production. {Larrea) soluble or dispersible in water "which has registration application number 9810828.

4. The use as promoters of the increase in the quantity of dry biomass of seedlings, of the water-soluble extracts of resin of the leaves of L. tridentata, whose extraction process with different solvents, as well as the procedure to make them water-soluble products are described in the patent "Process for the production of governor resin. (Larrea) soluble or dispersible in water" having the registration application number 9810828.

The use of water-soluble extracts of Larrea tridentata according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that they can be used alone or mixed together, or mixed with other agrochemicals, which can act as growth regulators, pesticides, fertilizers or nutrients , besides that these can be of natural or synthetic origin. The amount of the components of the mixtures, as well as the weight ratios between these components, depend entirely on the types of seeds to be treated or the results that are desired.

The use of water-soluble extracts of Larrea tridentata according to claims 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that they can be used in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, mini-emulsions, microemulsions or pastes. Although as a rule they will be applied in the form of aqueous solutions. The concentrations of the extracts, when used alone, or the concentrations of the mixtures of extracts with other components in the solutions, depend entirely on the types of seeds to be treated or on the results to be obtained. In practice, from 50 ppm to around 3000 ppm, and preferably from 250 ppm to around 1000 ppm, can be used.

The use of water-soluble extracts of L. tridentata according to claims 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that it is applied to seeds of crops including, but not limited to Legumes such as beans, Gramineae such as corn, Solanaceae such as tomatillo, Cucurbitaceae such as Broccoli, Amaryllidaceae such as onions, and Compositae such as lettuce, among many other species of agricultural utility.

8. A method for promoting seed germination, characterized in that before seeding the seeds, they are soaked or imbibed in an aqueous solution prepared in accordance with claims 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 for a period that can be from 1 to 12 hours, although more specifically from 1 to 3 hours.

9. A method for promoting the growth of the radicle and seedling seedling, characterized in that the seedlings come from seeds that before being planted, were soaked or imbibed in an aqueous solution prepared in accordance with claims 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, during a period that can be from 1 to 12 hours, although more specifically from 1 to 3 hours.

10. A method to increase the amount of dry biomass of seedlings, characterized in that the seedlings come from seeds that before being sown, were soaked or imbibed in an aqueous solution prepared in accordance with claims 4, 5, 6 and 7, during a period which can be from 1 to 12 hours, although more specifically from 1 to 3 hours.