MX2009001400A - Pumpable geopolymer formulation for oilfield application. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides geopolymeric compositions, which have controllable thickening and setting times for a wide range of temperatures and a large range of geopolymer slurry densities. The geopolymer slurry compositions have good mixability and pumpability, whilst the set materials develop good compressive strength and permeability. The invention discloses a method for preparing geopolymer for oilfield cementing applications. The geopolymeric compositions according to the invention comprises a suspension made of an aluminosilicate source, a carrier fluid, an activator taken from the list constituted by: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof, and the suspension is a pumpable composition in oilfield industry and the suspension is able to set under well downhole conditions.

Description

BOMBABLE GEOPOLIMER FORMULATION FOR APPLICATION IN OIL FIELD Field of the invention The present invention is broadly related to the cementing of wells. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of geopolymers, for pumpable geopolymer formulations and related methods for placing geopolymer formulations in a well using conventional or non-conventional cementing techniques.

Description of the Prior Art Geopolymers are a new class of materials that are formed by chemical dissolution and subsequent recondensing of various aluminosilicate oxides and silicates to form an amorphous three-dimensional scaffold structure. Accordingly, a geopolymer is a three-dimensional aluminosilicate mineral polymer. The term geopolymer was proposed and used for the first time by J. Davidovits (Synthesis of new high-temperature geopolymers for reinforced composites / plastics, SPE PACTEC 79, Society of Plastic Engineers) in 1976 at the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules held in Stockholm. The polymers based on aluminosilicates are called poly (sialates), which is an abbreviation of poly (silicone-oxo-aluminate) or (-Si-O-Al-0-) n (n is the degree of polymerization). The sialate network consists of the tetrahedra Si04 and A104 linked alternatively by sharing all the oxygens with Al3 + and Si4 + in coordination multiplied by IV with oxygen. The positive ions (Na +, K +, Li +, Ca2 + ...) must be present in the cavities of the framework to balance the negative charge of Al3 + in coordination multiplied by IV. The empirical formula of polysialates is: Mn. { - (Si02) z-Al02} n / w H20, where M is a cation such as potassium, sodium or calcium, n is a degree of polymerization and z is the atomic ratio of Si / Al which can be 1, 2, 3 or more, up to 35, as know currently. The three-dimensional network (3D) geopolymers are summarized in Table 1 in the following.

Table 1: Chemical name of geopolymers (where M is a cation such as potassium, sodium or calcium, and n is a degree of polymerization).

The properties and fields of application of the The geopolymers will depend mainly on their chemical structure and, more particularly, on the atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum. Geopolymers have been investigated for use in a number of applications, including both cementing systems within the construction industry, refractory materials and encapsulants for toxic and radioactive waste streams. Copolymers are also referred to as fast hardening and curing materials. These show superior hardness and chemical stability. Several prior techniques describe the use of geopolymer compositions in the construction industry. In particular, US 4,509,985 describes a mineral polymer composition used to make molten or molded products at room temperature, or temperatures generally higher than 120 ° C; US 4,859,367, US 5,349,118 and US 5,539,140 describe a geopolymer for solidifying and storing waste material to provide the waste material with a high stability for a very long time, compared to certain archaeological materials, those waste materials can be hazardous or potentially toxic to humans and the natural environment; or US 5,356,579, US 5,788,762, US 5,626,665, US 5,635,292 US 5,637,412 and US 5,788,762 describe systems of cementing with improved compression forces or low density for construction applications. The patent application WO 2005019130 is the first to highlight the problem of controlling the setting time of the geopolitical system in the construction industry. Indeed, since the geopolimer has a fast setting time, a retarder can be used to prolong this setting time. Nevertheless, none of the above techniques has addressed the issue of geopolymers for application in the oilfield industry. And, if WO 2005019130 has the merit of describing a specific type of new family of geopolymers with some delaying effects on setting time for the construction industry, no real control of the setting time is proposed for all other systems of geopolimer. In addition, additional important technical challenges affect potential cementing systems that vary for use in the oilfield industry. These problems are, for example, the control of the agglutination and set times for wide ranges of density and temperature for the geopolymer slurry, the mixing capacity and also the pumpability of such slurry. Other properties have also been considered, such as the compressive strength and permeability of the setting geopolymer material. Therefore, it would be desirable to produce geopolymers that solve these problems and still have good properties for applications in oil fields.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment of the invention, a suspension is described comprising an aluminosilicate source, a carrier fluid, an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator or a combination thereof, and wherein the suspension is a pumpable composition in the oilfield industry and the suspension is capable of settling under good bottomhole conditions. None of the three components necessarily needs to be added separately: for example, the activator can be previously inside a carrier fluid. In this way, the aluminosilicate source can be in the form of a solid component; the metal silicate may be in the form of a solid or a mixture of metal silicate within a carrier fluid; the activator may be in the form of a solid or a mixture of the activator within the carrier fluid. The important thing is to have a carrier fluid to perform the suspension if the source of aluminosilicate, metal silicate and activator are in solid state. If the source of aluminosilicate, the metal silicates are in solid state and the activator is in liquid state, it is considered that the activator already has a carrier fluid inside. Furthermore, as it is understood, the carrier fluid unit is not required, two or more carrier fluids can be used. The geopolymer composition has such rheological properties, that the suspension of such geopolymer composition has a good pumpability and stability. A pumpable composition in the oilfield industry has a rheology less than or equal to 300 cP, preferably in another form less than or equal to 250 cP, more preferably in another form less than or equal to 200 cP. In addition, the processed suspension is a stable suspension. The geopolymeric composition can be mixed and pumped; therefore, applications in the oilfield industry are possible. To control the setting time of the geopolymer composition, the alkali activator is chosen with a certain pH, and / or a retardant is added and / or an accelerator is added to this suspension of such geopolymeric composition. The alkali activator can generally be an alkali metal hydroxide, more preferably a sodium or potassium hydroxide; It can also be a carbonate material. The retardant is selected from the group consisting of a compound containing boron, lignosulfate, sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, tartaric acid and a compound that contains phosphorus. Preferably, the retardant is a hydrated or dehydrated alkali metal borate or a pure boron oxide. More preferably, the retarder is a sodium pentaborate decahydrate, boric acid, or borax. Preferably, the accelerator is an alkali metal: a compound that contains lithium or potassium. Preferably, the accelerator is a lithium salt. More preferably, the accelerator is lithium chloride. The setting time control is efficient here from 20 ° C to 200 ° C. The sodium pentaborate decahydrate and borax are able to control the setting time of 20 ° C, preferably from 25 ° C to 150 ° C. To control the setting time of the geopolymer composition, the type of aluminosilicate is specifically chosen depending on the application of temperature. To control the density of the geopolymeric composition, a light weight particle and / or a large weight material can be added. The lightweight particles also called fillers are selected from the group consisting of: cenospheres, sodium / calcium borosilicate glass, and silica / alumina microspheres. The large-weight particles also called weighting agents are typically selected from the group consisting of: manganese tetraoxide, iron oxide (hematite), barium sulfate (baritine), silica and iron / titanium oxide (ilmenite). The geopolymer compositions can also be formed by foaming the suspension of such geopolymeric composition with a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The geopolymer composition may further comprise a gas generating additive that will introduce the gas phase into the suspension. Preferably, the suspension density of such geopolymeric slurry compositions varies between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter, more preferably between 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter and 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter. In a second embodiment, the suspension of such geopolymer composition may further comprise a mixture of two or more sources of aluminosilicate. In yet another embodiment, the suspension of such a geopolymer composition may comprise a second binder component which may be a conventional cementing material such as Portland cement, silica fume or microcement. In a third embodiment, the suspension of such a geopolymer composition may comprise a gas phase, so that the gas phase or part of the gas phase remains in the geopolymer composition. For example, the gas phase may be a dispersed nitrogen phase immiscible in water. In a fourth mode, the suspension of such The geopolitical composition may comprise an immiscible phase in water. For example, this may be a phase based on dispersed oil, immiscible in water. In a fifth embodiment, the geopolymer composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of: an activator, an antifoam, a defoamer, silica, a fluid loss control additive, a flux enhancing agent, a dispersant, a modifier of rheology, a foaming agent, a surfactant and antifragment additive. The geopolymer composition according to the invention is preferably poly (sialate), poly (sialato-siloxo) or poly (sialato-disiloxo). More preferably, the geopolymer composition is formed of poly (sialate-siloxo) components and, therefore, the atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum is substantially equal to two, between 1.8 and 2.8. In another aspect of the invention, a suspension is described comprising an aluminosilicate source, a carrier fluid, an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination of the same, and a retardant capable of retarding the agglutination and / or set times of the suspension, and / or an accelerator capable of accelerating the agglutination and / or set times of the suspension, where the metal is an alkali metal and the molar ratio of M20 / SiO2 oxide is greater than 0.20, where M is the metal. When the retardant is used, a boron-containing compound is preferable and the suspension of such a geopolymer composition preferably has a molar ratio of B203 / H20 oxide less than 0.03. When the accelerator is used, a compound containing lithium or potassium is preferable. The suspension of such a geopolymer composition preferably has a molar ratio of Li20 / H20 oxide less than 0.02. More preferably, the geopolymeric slurry composition has a molar ratio of Li20 / H20 oxide less than or equal to 0.01. The geopolymer composition according to the invention uses an aluminosilicate source, which is selected from the group consisting of ASTM type C loose ash, ASTM type F loose ash, ground blast furnace slag, calcined clay, partially calcined clay. (such as metakaolin), silica fume containing aluminum, natural aluminosilicate, synthetic aluminosilicate glass powder, zeolite, slag, allophone, bentonite and pumice. Preferably, the geopolymeric concentration is elaborated with metakaolin, kaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag and / or loose ash.

The geopolymer composition according to the invention uses a metal silicate, with the metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. Preferably, the metal is sodium or potassium. In another embodiment, the metal silicates can be replaced with ammonium silicates. The metal silicate can be encapsulated in another embodiment. The geopolymer composition according to the invention uses an alkali activator, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide. Preferably, the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium or potassium hydroxide. The alkali activator and / or the metal silicate can be encapsulated. Alkali carbonates can also be used as the alkali activator. Similarly, the alkali activator can be encapsulated in another modality. The geopolymer composition according to the invention uses a carrier fluid which is preferably an aqueous solution such as fresh water. In another aspect of the invention, a method is described for controlling the setting time of a geopolymeric suspension for application in oil fields. The method comprises the step of providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by adding: (i) a retarder and / or an accelerator; (ii) a source of aluminosilicate; (iii) an activator taken from the list consisting of: a silicate of metal, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof. The previous stages can be done in another order. The geopolymer composition of the invention prepared according to the method has setting times that can be controlled at temperatures ranging from 20 ° C to at least 200 ° C. The geopolitical composition used is the same as described in the above. And, the alkali activator is selected from the group consisting of: sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; the retardant is selected from the group consisting of a compound containing boron, lignosulfate, sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, tartaric acid and phosphorus-containing compounds. To control the agglutination and / or setting times of the geopolymer composition, the nature and / or the pH and / or the concentration of the activator and / or the concentration of the metal silicate are changed. By increasing the concentration of the activator, the setting time is reduced and changing the nature and / or pH, different setting times are obtained. To control the agglutination time of the geopolymer composition, the nature and / or concentration of the retardant is changed. By increasing the concentration of the retardant, the setting time is extended and changing the nature, different setting times are obtained. In the same way, to control the setting time of the geopolitical composition, it changes the nature and / or the concentration of the accelerator. By increasing the concentration, the setting time decreases and when changing the nature, different setting times are obtained. As can be seen, there are three solutions to control the setting time, the use of a special activator, the use of a retardant, or the use of an accelerator. The three solutions can be used separately or combined. Sometimes, the use of a special activator does not provide a sufficiently long setting time and the use of a retarder may be preferred. Similarly, the use of a special activator may not provide a sufficiently short setting time and the use of an accelerator may be preferred. In another aspect of the invention, a method for controlling the density of a suspension for the oilfield industry is described. The method comprises the step of providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by adding: (i) lightweight particles and / or large particles; (ii) a source of aluminosilicate; (iii) an alkali activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof. The previous stages can be done in another order. In still another aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the step of adding a retardant and / or an accelerator to the suspension.

In still another aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the step of foaming the suspension of such geopolymeric composition. In another aspect of the invention, a method for controlling the density of a suspension for the oilfield industry is described, the method comprises the step of: (i) providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by mixing an aluminosilicate source, a metal silicate and an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof in a carrier fluid, (ii) foaming the suspension of the geopolymer composition. In still another aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the step of adding a retardant and / or an accelerator to the suspension. The method for controlling the density of the geopolymer compositions of the invention applies to a range of densities ranging from 1 gram per cubic centimeter to 2 grams per cubic centimeter, but could also apply for a range of densities ranging from 0.8 grams per centimeter cubic and 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter. In another aspect of the invention, a method is described for placing a geopolymer composition in a borehole and isolated underground formations, the method it comprises the step of: (i) providing a suspension as described above (ii) pumping such suspension to the borehole, and (iii) allowing said suspension to set under conditions of the bottom of the borehole and, by means of of it, to form the geopolitical composition. In another embodiment, the step of providing a suspension of such a geopolymer composition further comprises adding a retardant and / or an accelerator and / or an activator. Indeed, it may be useful to prolong the setting of the geopolitical composition by adding a retarder as observed in the above and / or it may be useful to accelerate the setting of the geopolitical composition by adding an accelerator as observed in the foregoing. In still another embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the step of in situ activation of the suspension of such geopolymeric composition. Indeed, the method also applies if the activation has to be done at the bottom of the well in the well, the activation does not necessarily refer to the alkali activator. Indeed, in a first embodiment, the activation refers to the activation through the alkali activator, the alkali activator is encapsulated as previously described or released with a device at the bottom of the well. In a second mode, activation refers to any type of activation when several additives are used that need to be activated, such as, for example, Activation can be physical (by heat, UV or other radiation); the activation can also be carried out with chemical components encapsulated and released at a predefined time or event. The capsule can self-destruct as previously explained or it can be destroyed with the help of effort and / or sonic disturbance. In the first mode, the geopolymer composition is delayed with a sufficiently long setting time, so that an activation has to be carried out to cause the geopolitical composition to set. The activation is carried out here by the release of an activator. This release is performed at the bottom of the well, in situ, by adding the activator directly to the suspension of such geopolymeric composition and / or if the activator is encapsulated in the suspension of such geopolymeric composition when the capsules are broken. In yet another embodiment, the method comprises the step of activating the suspension of such geopolymeric composition just before use. For example, an inactivated suspension of the geopolymer composition is made in such a way that such a suspension is stable for a long time. Such a composition can be stored, transported and, conveniently, is perishable after a period that varies between a day and some months, preferably some days and three months. The suspension that can be stored is carried to the oil rig site in liquid form and is activated before pumping or transferring to the bottom of the well in situ, as previously explained. Preferably, the step of pumping the suspension of such geopolymeric composition is carried out with a conventional well-cementing equipment, familiar to those skilled in the art. The method applies as a main cementing technique for the cementing of wells, where the geopolymer composition is pumped down through a pipe to the shoe from which it flows upward to the annular space between the casing / inner tube and the borehole. A reverse circulation cementation technique can also be used to place the geopolymer composition at the desired depth in the borehole. In addition, the pumpage and placement of the underground geopolymer suspension encompasses various other conventional cementing techniques, such as injection of pressurized slurry from platform piles, skirts or the like, pressure applying operation for repair or plugging of a leak, perforation, unwanted formation or the like, and the setting of a plug of geopolymer composition for any purpose of a cementing plug.

The methods also apply to the placement of the polymer concentration to apply pressure to an area of the borehole. The methods can be applied to water wells, geothermal wells, steam injection wells, "Toe-to-Heel" air injection wells (technique used in the crude industry), or acid gas wells. As such, the composition can withstand temperatures above 250 ° C, even above 450 ° C and 550 ° C.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Additional embodiments of the present invention can be understood with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 shows the impact of temperature on the agglutination time of the geopolymer formulations. • Figure 2 shows the impact of the accelerator addition on the agglutination time of the geopolymer formulations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION According to the invention, the geopolymer formulations have to do with the use of an aluminosilicate source, a metal silicate and an alkali activator. in a carrier fluid at a temperature close to the environment. The carrier fluid is preferably a fresh water solution. As previously stated, none of the 4 components necessarily needs to be added separately: for example, the alkali activator may previously be in water. In this way, the aluminosilicate source can be in the form of a solid component; the metal silicate can be in the form of a solid or an aqueous solution of metal silicate; The alkali activator may be in the form of a solid or an aqueous solution of the alkali activator. The formation of geopolymer concrete has to do with a source of aluminosilicate. Examples of sources of aluminosilicates from which the geopolymers can be formed include ASTM Type C loose ash, ASTM Type F loose ash, ground blast furnace slag, calcined clay, partially calcined clay (such as metakaolin), smoke of silica containing aluminum, natural aluminosilicate, synthetic aluminosilicate glass powder, zeolite, slag, allophone, bentonite and pumice. These materials contain a significant proportion of amorphous aluminosilicate phase, which reacts in concentrated alkali solutions. The preferred aluminosilicates are loose ash, metakaolin, kaolin and blast furnace slag. If desired, mixtures of two or more sources of aluminosilicate. In another embodiment, the aluminosilicate component comprises a first aluminosilicate binder and, optionally, one or more binder components that may be selected from the list: ground granulated blast furnace slag, Portland cement, kaolin, metakaolin or silica fume. The formation of the geopolymer material could also have to do with an alkali activator. The alkali activator is generally an alkali metal hydroxide. The alkali metal hydroxides are generally preferred as sodium and potassium hydroxide. The metal hydroxide may be in the form of a solid or an aqueous mixture. Also, the alkali activator can be encapsulated in another modality. When in the solid and / or liquid state, the alkali activator can be retained in a capsule which will break when, for example, the capsule is subjected to tension, to radiation in the capsule. Also, when in the solid and / or liquid state, the alkali activator can be retained in a capsule which will be naturally destroyed due to the fact that, for example, the capsule is made of biodegradable or self-destructive material. Also, when it is in a liquid state, the alkali activator can be adsorbed to a porous material and released after a certain time or due to a predefined event. Additionally, the formation of geopolymer material could have to do with a silicate or aluminate of metal or a combination of different metal silicates or aluminates. The metal silicate is generally an alkali metal silicate. Alkali metal silicates are preferred, particularly sodium silicate or potassium silicate. Sodium silicates with a molar ratio of SiO2 / Na20 equal to or less than 3.2 are preferred. Potassium silicates with a molar ratio of SiO2 / K20 equal to or less than 3.2 are preferred. Also, the metal silicate can be encapsulated in another embodiment. The method of the invention is applied to oil fields, preferably, at the completion of the oil or gas well borehole. For use in oilfield applications, a pumpable geopolymer formulation is formed where components are mixed with a carrier fluid. Various additives can be added to the suspension and the suspension is then pumped into the borehole. Then, the suspension is allowed to settle in the well to provide zonal isolation in the borehole.

Geopolymer placement method A typical property of geopolymer systems is their ability to set without delay after mixing. However, for applications in oil fields, a geopolymer suspension that can be pumped and mixed is needed. For this reason, a way to delay is required the agglutination of the geopolymer suspension or a way to control the agglutination times of the geopolymer. A large family of retardants has been discovered that allow the geopolymer to set its setting. In Table 2, the results of the agglutination time tests are reported in accordance with the Recommended Practices of ISO 10426-2 in a High Temperature / High Pressure consistometer (HPHT). Such tests are performed to simulate the placement of cement suspensions from the surface to the bottom of the well, at a defined Well Bottom Circulating Temperature (BHCT). To perform such tests, a temperature increase program is followed to simulate the placement in a real well. For tests performed at 57 ° C, the temperature is reached in 41 minutes and the final pressure is 33.8 MPa (4900 psi). For tests performed at 85 ° C, the temperature is reached in 58 minutes and the final pressure is 55.1 MPa (8000 psi). For tests performed at 110 ° C, the temperature is reached in 74 minutes and the final pressure is 75.9 MPa (11000 psi).

Table 2: Examples of the agglutination time of ISO10426-2 measured with an HPHT consistometer (hours: min) obtained with different retarders at different temperatures.

• Sample A2 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 358 g of water, add the mixture comprising 314 g of metakaolin and 227 g of sodium disilicate in the mixing solution, add 17.2 g of sodium hydroxide to the mixture. Mix according to ISO 1026-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample A2 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. • Sample A2 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 265 g of water, adding the mixture comprising 232 g of metakaolin, 168 g of sodium disilicate and 414 g of silica particles as filler in the mixing solution, add 13 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample B2 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. • Sample C2 is made by dissolving the amount of retarder in 422 g of sodium hydroxide solution, adding the mixture comprising 440 g of loose ash type F and 88 g of sodium disilicate in the mixing solution, followed by Mix according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample C2 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. • Sample D2 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 374 mL of water, add the mixture comprising 411 g of F type loose ash and 82 g of sodium disilicate in the solution that is mixed at 4000 rpm, add 75 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample D2 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. The retardation of the geopolymeric formulations can be controlled and controlled to different BHCT using either boron-containing compounds, such as sodium pentaborate decahydrate, boric acid, borax, or lignosulfonate, or phosphorus-containing compounds, or a mix of them. The delay of the geopolymer formulations will be susceptible to the boron valency of the compounds containing boron or the phosphate valency for the phosphorus-containing compounds and / or the concentration of the retardant. Table 3 shows the results obtained with the Vicat device with two boron-based retarders. The Vicat device allows to measure when the setting of the material begins (1ST) and ends (FST). These are based on measurements of the penetration of a needle into a soft material. Often, this device is used to perform previous studies at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Table 3: Examples of initial setting time (hours.min) obtained with different retardants with the Vicat device at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

| Sample A3 is made by dissolving the retarder amount in 139 g of sodium hydroxide solution, adding the mixture comprising 105 g of metakaolin, 48 g of sodium metasilicate and 17 g of silica particles as filler in the solution that mixes The sample A3 then test by pouring the suspension into a Vicat cell to measure the setting time at 25 ° C. The sample B3 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 358 g of water, add the mixture comprising 314 g of metakaolin and 227 g of sodium disilicate in the mixing solution, add 17.2 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixture according to ISO 10426-2. Sample B3 is then tested by pouring the suspension into a Vicat cell to measure the setting time at 25 ° C. The delay of the geopolymer formulations is susceptible to temperature. However, two boron-based retardants (sodium pentaborate decahydrate and borax) are able to forcefully delay different types of geopolymer suspensions, even at 25 ° C. Figure 1 illustrates the impact of temperature on the agglutination time for a geopolymer composition made by adding a mixture comprising 411 g of F type loose ash and 82 g of sodium disilicate in 374 mL of water that is mixed (the retardant is previously dissolved in this water) and by adding 36.5 of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2. In this way, the retarders are efficient even at high temperatures to control the agglutination time of the geopolymer suspension. The control of the agglutination time can also be carried out by other means. As an example, nature of the alkali activator and its pH have an impact on the agglutination time. Table 4 illustrates the influence of the alkali activator on the agglutination time of the geopolymer suspensions. This demonstrates the ability to select the source of the alkali activator according to the conditions of the bottom of the well.

Table 4: Examples of the agglutination time of ISO 10426-2 measured with an HPHT consitometer (hours: min) with different alkali activators measured at 85 ° C.

The A4 sample is made by adding the mixture comprising 314 g of metakaolin and 227 g of sodium disilicate in 358 g of water to be mixed, adding 17.2 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, pouring the suspension in the HPHT cell. The A4 sample is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consitometer. | Sample B4 is made by adding the mixture comprising 314 g of metakaolin and 227 g of sodium disilicate in 357 g of water to be mixed, adding 23.4 g of low sodium bicarbonate which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. The sample A4 then test by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. The control of the agglutination and setting times by these delay methods can also be carried out efficiently with geopolymers having a different silicon to aluminum ratio. In addition, depending on the properties of the geopolymer, it may be appropriate to accelerate the agglutination of the suspension. Table 5 illustrates the acceleration effect of the lithium compounds in the agglutination time of the geopolymeric suspensions at a temperature of 85 ° C. This demonstrates the ability to use lithium salts to control the agglutination time of the geopolymer suspensions.

Table 5: Examples of the agglutination time of ISO 10426 2 measured with an HPHT consistometer (hours: min) obtained with type F loose ash and accelerators.

| Sample A5 is made by adding the mixture comprising 480 g of superfine F type loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 406 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing an accelerator followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample A5 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. | Sample B5 is made by adding the mixture comprising 442 g of standard type F loose ash and 88 g of sodium disilicate in 423 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing an accelerator followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2 , pour the suspension into the HPHT cell. Sample B5 is then tested by measuring the agglutination time with the HPHT consistometer. Figure 2 illustrates the acceleration effect of the lithium compounds in the agglutination time for the geopolymer composition made by adding the mixture comprising 480 g of superfine F type loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 406 g of the Sodium hydroxide solution containing the accelerator followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2. The agglutination time against the time of the suspension is then measured at a temperature of 85 ° C. In this way, accelerators such as lithium salts have been shown to efficiently decrease the agglutination time of geopolymer suspensions. This degree of acceleration of geopolitical formulations is susceptible to the type and / or concentration of the accelerator. Depending on the properties of the geopolymer and the well properties, a real control of the agglutination time of the suspension can be established. To increase the agglutination time, the nature of the used retardant can be changed, the concentration of the retardant can be increased, the nature of the used alkali activator can be changed, and the nature of the aluminosilicate used can be changed. In addition, when using the application in oil fields, it is expected that the geopolymer suspension must be pumpable. Table 6 below illustrates the rheological properties of the measured geopolymer suspension at a bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT) of 60 ° C. The rheological values demonstrate the pumping capacity and the stability of the geopolymeric suspensions for application in the oilfield industry.

Sample A6 B6 C6 PV / TY after 49/10 62/4 105/7 of the mixture ISO 10426-2 PV / TY to BHCT 48/7 53/2 85/7 cP / lbf / 9.29m2 (100 ft2) Free fluid according to ISO 0 0 0 10426-2 (mL) Table 6: Theological and stability measurements according to ISO 10426-2 obtained with different examples.

The sample A6 is made by adding the mixture comprising 411 g of loose type F ash and 82 g of sodium disilicate in 374 ml of water to be mixed, adding 75 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed. Sample A6 is then tested by measuring the rheological properties of the suspension after mixing and after conditioning at 60 ° C, in accordance with the standard procedure of ISO 1026-2. | Sample B6 is made by dissolving the 0.65% bwob of sodium pentaborate decahydrate in 422 g of sodium hydroxide solution, add the mixture that It comprises 440 g of loose type F ash and 88 g of sodium disilicate in the solution which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, add 36.5 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed. Sample B6 is then tested by measuring the rheological properties of the geopolymer suspension after mixing and after conditioning at 60 ° C, in accordance with the standard procedure of ISO 10426-2. The sample C6 is made by adding the mixture comprising 480 g of loose type F ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 406 g of the sodium hydroxide solution followed by the mixing conditions of ISO 10426-2. Sample C6 is then tested by measuring the rheological properties of the suspension after mixing and after conditioning at 60 ° C, according to the standard procedure of ISO 1-0426-2. Table 7 shows the differences in the setting time according to the setting conditions. The geopolymer formulation will set more quickly static than in dynamic conditions. Also, normally, the geopolymer suspension must be set up quickly after placement.

Sample A7 B7 2% bwob LiOH2, Additive None H20 Test TT Pressure of 8000 5:45 3: 19 psi / dynamics Vicat test (hot polymerized samples) 2:30 1:50 Atmospheric / static pressure Table 7: Example of comparison between static and dynamic setting times (hours: min) at 85 ° C.

| Sample A7 is made by adding the mixture comprising 440 g of F type loose ash and 88 g of sodium disilicate in 422 g of the mixing water followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2, pouring the suspension into the cell of HPHT or the Vicat cell. | Sample B7 is made by adding the mixture comprising 442 g of standard type F and 88 g of loose ash of sodium disilicate in 424 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing 2% bwob LiOH, H20 followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into the HPHT consistometer or the Vicat cell. In addition, when looking for application in oil fields, the geopolymer suspension must have a wide range of densities. As presented in Table 8, the proven geopolymer formulations propose a density range between 1.45 g / cm3 [12.1 lbm / gal] up to 1.84 g / cm3 [15.4 lbm / gal] either in water content reduction, or in the addition of fillings.

Table 8: Examples of the density of the suspension obtained with some geopolymeric formulations.

"Sample A8 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 265 g of water, adding the mixture comprising 232 g of metakaolin, 168 g of sodium disilicate and 414 g of silica particles as filler in the mixing solution, add 13 g of the sodium hydroxide that is mixed according to ISO 10426-2.

| Sample B8 is made by dissolving the retarder amount in 139 g of sodium hydroxide solution, adding the mixture comprising 105 g of metakaolin, 48 g of sodium metasilicate and 17 g of silica particles as filler in the solution that mixes In addition, to expand the density range, either light weight particles are added to achieve lower densities or large weight particles to reach higher densities. Typically, the lightweight particles have a density of less than 2 g / cm 3 and generally less than 1.3 g / cm 3. By way of example, it is possible to use hollow microspheres, in particular silico-aluminate, known as cenospheres, a residue obtained from the combustion of coal and having an average diameter of approximately 150 micrometers. It is also possible to use synthetic materials such as hollow glass bubbles, and more particularly calcium / sodium borosilicate glass bubbles having a high compressive strength or, indeed, ceramic microspheres, for example, of the silica type are preferred. -alumina. The lightweight particles can also be particles of a plastic material such as polypropylene beads. Typically, the large weight particles have a density greater than 2 g / cm 3 and generally greater than 3 g / cm 3. As an example, it is possible to use hematite, barite, ilmenite, silica and also manganese tetroxide commercially available under the trademarks of MicroMax and MicroMax FF. In addition, to expand the density range, it is possible to foam the geopolymer composition. The gas used for foaming the composition can be air or nitrogen, of which nitrogen is preferred. The amount of gas present in the carburizing composition is sufficient to form a foam having a density in the range of about 1 g.cm "3 to 1.7 g.cm" 3 (9 to 14 lbm / gal). In a further embodiment, other additives may be used with the geopolymer according to the present invention. Additives known to those skilled in the art may be included in the geopolymer compositions of the present embodiments. Typically, the additives are combined with a base mix or can be added to the geopolymer suspension. An additive may comprise, for example, an activator, antifoam, defoamer, silica, a fluid loss control additive, a flux enhancing agent, a dispersant, an anti-fouling additive or a combination thereof. The selection of the type and amount of the additive depends to a large extent on the nature and composition of the setting composition, and those skilled in the art will understand how to select a type and suitable amounts of the additive for the compositions herein. In another embodiment, when several components are used with or in the geopolymer formulation, the particle size of the components is selected and the respective proportion of the particle fractions is optimized to have at the same time the highest fraction of the volume of the components. Packaging (PVF) of the solid, and obtain a slurry that can be mixed and pumped with the minimum amount of water, that is, in the Fraction of Solid Volume (SVF) of the slurry of 35-75% and, preferably, 50-60%. Further details can be found in the European patent EP 0 621 247. The following examples do not constitute a limit for the invention, but indicate to the person skilled in the art possible combinations of the particle size of the various components of the geopolymer compositions. of the invention to produce a stable and pumpable suspension. The geopolitical composition can be a "trimodal" combination of particles: "large", for example, sand or ground waste (with an average dimension of 100-1000 micrometers), "medium", for example, materials of the pearl type or glass fillings (with an average dimension of 10-100 micrometers), "fine ", as for example, a micromaterial, or microcenza loose or other microscorps (with an average dimension of 0.2-10 micrometers). The geopolymer composition may also be a "tetramodal" combination of "large" type particles (with an average dimension of approximately 200-350 microns), "medium" glass beads or fillers (with an average dimension of approximately 10-20 microns) ), "fine" (with an average dimension of approximately 1 micrometer), "very thin" (with an average dimension of approximately 0.1-0.15 micrometers). The geopolymer composition can also be an additional combination between the additional categories: "very large", for example, sand that produces glass, crushed waste (average dimension greater than 1 millimeter) and / or "large", for example sand or crushed waste (average dimension of approximately 100-1000 micrometers) and / or "medium", such as glass beads, or fillers, or shredded waste (average size 10-100 micrometers) and "fine" as, for example, loose microcenin and other microescorias (average dimension of 0.2-10 micrometers) and / or "very thin" such as, for example, a latex or polymer pigments or microgels as a usual fluid loss control agent (average dimension of 0.05-0.5 micrometers) and / or "ultrafine" such as some colloidal silicas or alumina (average dimension of 7-50 nanometers).

Mechanical strength The mechanical compression properties of the setting geopolymer compositions were studied using systems after polymerizing them for several days under high pressure and temperature in high pressure and high temperature chambers to simulate the conditions found in an oil well or gas . Table 9 and 10 illustrate that the geopolymer formulations proposed by this invention show acceptable compressive strength with low Young Modulus for applications in oil fields with or without retarder.

Table 9: Mechanical properties measured after 7 days at 90 ° C - 20.7MPa (3000 psi) Sample A9 is made by dissolving the quantity of retardant (if necessary) in 358 g of water, add the mixture comprising 314 g of metakaolin and 227 g of sodium disilicate in the mixing solution, add 17.2 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426 -2, pour the suspension into molds and place the molds in a polymerization chamber for 7 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] in accordance with the procedures of ISO 10426-2. Sample A9 is then tested by measuring the compressive strength and Young's modulus. | Sample B9 is made by dissolving the amount of retardant (if necessary) in 265 g of water, add the mixture comprising 232 g of metakaolin, 168 g of sodium disilicate and 414 g of silica particles as the filler in Mixing solution, add 13 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into molds and place the molds in a polymerization chamber for 7 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi ] in accordance with the procedures of ISO 10426-2. Sample B9 is then tested by measuring the compressive strength and Young's modulus.

Sample A10 B10 CIO Lithium chloride 0 3 7% bwob MPa of Compression Strength No 9.5 9.5 9 Limited (UCS) MPa of Module 1750 2550 2950 Young Table 10: Mechanical properties measured after 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7MPa (3000 psi) - Sample A10 is made by adding the mixture comprising 482 g of standard type F loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 408 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing the accelerator, followed by mixing according to ISO 10426- 2, pour the suspension into molds and place the molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] in accordance with the procedures of ISO 10426-2. Sample A10 is then tested by measuring the compressive strength and Young's modulus. | Sample B10 is made by adding the mixture comprising 442 g of standard type F loose ash and 88 g of sodium disilicate in 424 g of the hydroxide solution of sodium containing 3% bwob LiCl, followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into molds and place the molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] according to the procedures of ISO 10426-2. Sample B10 is then tested by measuring the compressive strength and Young's modulus. The CIO sample is made by adding the mixture comprising 480 g of superfine F type loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 406 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing 7% bwob LiCl, followed by mixing according to ISO 10426-2, pour the suspension into molds and place the molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] in accordance with the procedures of ISO 10426-2. The CIO sample is then tested by measuring the compressive strength and Young's modulus. Since the compositions of the present invention show good compression forces with a low Young's Modulus, they would be very useful in oilfield applications.

Permeability properties The water permeability was measured for some prepared geopolymer compositions. The properties of The isolation of a setting geopolymer was studied using systems that had spent several days under high pressure and temperature in high pressure and high temperature chambers to simulate the conditions found in an oil well. Table 11 illustrates that the geopolymer formulations proposed by this invention show acceptable permeability for oilfield applications.

Table 11: Water permeability measured after polymerizing at 90 ° C - 20.7MPa (3000 psi) The All sample is made by dissolving the amount of retardant in 265 g of water, adding the mixture comprising 232 g of metakaolin, 168 g of sodium disilicate and 414 g of silica particles as the filler in the mixing solution , add 13 g of sodium hydroxide which is mixed according to API, pour the suspension into molds and in a polymerization chamber for 7 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] according to API procedures. The water permeability of the All sample is then measured in a Cylindrical male 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter by 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) long. The Bll sample is made by adding the mixture comprising 482 g of standard F type loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 408 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing the accelerator, followed by API mixing, pouring the suspension in molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] according to the API procedure. The water permeability of sample Bll is then measured on a cylindrical male 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter by 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) long. The Cll sample is made by adding the mixture comprising 442 g of standard type F loose ash and 88 g of sodium disilicate in 424 g of the sodium hydroxide solution containing 3% bwob LiCl, followed by API mixing, pour the suspension into molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] according to the API procedure. The water permeability of the Cll sample is then measured on a cylindrical male 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter by 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) long. The Dll sample is made by adding the mixture comprising 480 g of superfine F type loose ash and 96 g of sodium disilicate in 406 g of the hydroxide solution Sodium containing 7% bwob LiCl, followed by API mixing, pour the suspension into molds in a polymerization chamber for 21 days at 90 ° C - 20.7 MPa [3000 psi] according to the API procedure. The water permeability of the Dll sample is then measured on a cylindrical male 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter by 5.08 centimeters (2 inches) long. Since the compositions of the present invention show acceptable water permeability, applications in oil fields are possible.

Geopololymer Applications The methods of the present invention are useful in the completion of wells, such as, for example, oil and / or gas wells, water wells, geothermal wells, steam injection wells, Toe Air Injection Wells to Heel, acid gas wells, production wells or carbon dioxide injection or ordinary wells. The placement of the geopolymer composition in the portion of the borehole to be completed is carried out through sounding well cementation means that are well known in the art. Typically, the geopolymer composition is placed in a borehole surrounding a casing to prevent communication through the ring between the casing and the borehole or pipeline. coating and a larger casing pipe. The geopolymer suspension is typically placed in a borehole by circulating the suspension in a downward direction to the interior of the casing, followed by a cleaning plug and an uncured displacement fluid. The cleaning plug usually moves to a collar located near the bottom of the casing. The collar captures the cleaning plug to prevent excessive displacement of the geopolymer composition and also minimizes the amount of geopolymer composition remaining in the casing. The geopolymer suspension is circulated in an upward direction to the ring surrounding the casing where it is allowed to harden. The ring could be between the casing and a larger casing or could be between the casing and the borehole. As in regular well cementation operations, such cementing operations with a geopolymer suspension can cover only a portion of the open well or, more typically, from the upper part to the interior of the next larger casing or sometimes from the top to the surface. This method has been described for the termination between the formation and a casing, but can be used in any type of termination, for example with an inner tube, a slotted inner tube, a perforated tubular, an expandable tubular, a permeable tube and / or tube or tubing. In the same way, the methods of the present invention are useful for the completion of wells, such as, for example, oil and / or gas wells, water wells, geothermal wells, steam injection wells, acid gas wells, wells of carbon dioxide and ordinary wells, wherein the placement of the geopolymer composition in the portion of the sounding to be completed is carried out by means well known in the technique of reverse circulation cementation of the sounding. The geopolymer composition can also be used in pressure application work and / or repair work. The geopolymer material is forced through the perforations or openings in the casing, whether these perforations or openings are made intentionally or not, to the formation and sounding that surround the casing to be repaired. The geopolymer material is placed in this way to repair and seal poorly insulated wells, for example, when either the original cement or geopolymer material fails, or it is not placed acceptably from the beginning, or when an interval occurs to close The geopolymer composition can also be used in the work of abandonment and / or work of plugging. The geopolymer material is used as a plug to partially or completely close an area of the well. The plug of geopolymer material is placed into the well through means that are well known in the technique of cementing sounding plugs. The geopolymer composition can also be used in the injection grouting work to finish a part of the ring, as described in Well Cementing by Erik B. Nelson. The geopolymer material is used to finish this ring. The geopolymer material is placed into the well through means that are well known in the sounding technique. The geopolymer composition can also be used for the fast setting operation and in situ operation. Indeed, the geopolymer composition can have a perfectly controlled setting time, which allows instantaneous setting when desired. For example, a retarder / accelerator combination can be added to the geopolymer composition to cause the system to be delayed for a prolonged period of time and then set with the addition of an accelerator. The geopolymer composition can also be a storable composition. As such, the suspension is a retardant and is intentionally left in the liquid phase.

Thus, such a suspension can be stored and used in the well when needed. According to other embodiments of the invention, the termination methods described in the foregoing can be used in combination with conventional luting.

Examples - Geopololymer Compositions The following examples will illustrate the practice of the present invention in its preferred embodiments.

Example 1 The geopolymer composition is made in the amounts by weight of the total dry components as follows: 58.1% metakaolin and 41.9% sodium disilicate. The dry components are mixed with the appropriate amount of water, sodium hydroxide and additives. The specific gravity of the suspension is 1.53 g / cm3 [12.80 lbm / gal]. The geopolymer has the following molar ratios of oxide: Si02 / Al203 = 4.00 Na2O / SiO2 = 0.27 Na20 / Al203 = l.07 H20 / Na20 = 17.15 Example 2 The geopolymer composition is made in the amounts by weight of the total dry components as follows: 28.5% of metakaolin, 20.6% of sodium disilicate and 50.9% of a mixture of silica particles. The dry components are mixed with the appropriate amount of water, sodium hydroxide and additives. The specific gravity of the suspension is 1.84 g / cm3 [15.40 lbm / gal]. The geopolymer matrix has the following molar ratios of oxide: Si02 / Al203 = 4.00 Na2O / SiO2 = 0.27 Na2O / Al2O3 = 1.07 H20 / Na20 = 17.15 Example 3 The geopolymer composition is made in the amounts by weight of the total dry components as follows: 35.2% metakaolin and 64.2% potassium disilicate. The dry components are mixed with the appropriate amount of water, potassium hydroxide and additives. The specific gravity of the suspension is 1.78 g / cm3 [14.91 lbm / gal]. The geopolymer matrix has the following molar ratios of oxide: Si02 / Al203 = 4.00 K2O / SiO2 = 0.27 K2O / Al2O3 = 1.07 H20 / K20 = 17.46 Example 4 The geopolythane composition is made in the amounts by weight of the total dry components as follows: 83.3% of standard type F loose ash and 16.7% of sodium disilicate. The dry components are mixed with the appropriate amount of water, sodium hydroxide and additives. The specific gravity of the suspension is 1.66 g / cm3 [13.83 lbm / gal]. The geopolymer has the following molar ratios of oxide: Si02 / Al203 = 5.60 Na2O / SiO2 = 0.3 Na20 / Al203 = 1.08 H20 / Na20 = 13.01

Claims (52)

1. CLAIMS 1. A suspension comprising: - a source of aluminosilicates, - a carrier fluid, - an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof, and wherein the suspension is a pumpable composition in the oilfield industry and the suspension is capable of settling under good bottomhole conditions.
2. 2. The suspension of claim 1, further comprising a retarder which is capable of controlling the agglutination and / or setting times of the suspension under downhole conditions. The suspension of claim 1 or 2, wherein the retardant is selected from the group consisting of a compound containing boron, lignosulfate, sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, tartaric acid and a phosphorus-containing compound, or a mixture of the same. 4. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the retarder is efficient from 20 ° C to 200 ° C. 5. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an accelerator which is able to control the times of agglutination and / or setting of the suspension. 6. The suspension of claim 5, wherein the accelerator is a compound containing an alkali metal. The suspension of claim 6, wherein the accelerator is a compound containing lithium or potassium. The suspension according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the accelerator is efficient from 20 ° C to 200 ° C. 9. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a light weight particle selected from the group consisting of: cenospheres, sodium-calcium borosilicate glass, and silica-alumina microspheres. 10. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a heavy particle selected from the group consisting of manganese tetraoxide, iron oxide (hematite), barium sulfate (baritine), silica and iron oxide / titanium (ilmenite). 11. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a gas phase. The suspension of claim 11, wherein the gas phase is air or nitrogen. 13. The suspension of claim 11, which it also comprises a gas generating additive that is capable of generating a gas phase within the suspension. 14. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a phase immiscible in water. 15. The suspension of claim 14, wherein the water-immiscible phase is a petroleum-based phase. 16. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the density of the suspension varies between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 16, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of: an antifoam, a defoamer, silica, a fluid loss control additive, a flow enhancing agent, a dispersant, a rheology modifier, a foaming agent, a surfactant and antifragment additive. 18. A suspension comprising: - a source of aluminosilicate, - a carrier fluid - an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof, and a retardant capable of retarding the times of agglutination and / or setting of the suspension, and / or an accelerator capable of accelerating the agglutination and / or setting times of the suspension, wherein the metal is an alkali metal and the molar ratio of M20 / SiO2 oxide is greater than 0.20, where M is the metal. The suspension of claim 18, wherein the molar ratio of M20 / SiO2 oxide is greater than or equal to 0.25. 20. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 19, wherein the retardant is a compound containing boron and wherein the suspension of such a geopolymer composition has a molar ratio of B203 / H20 oxide less than 0.03. The suspension of claim 20, wherein the molar ratio of B203 / H20 oxide is less than or equal to 0.02. 22. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 21, wherein the atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum is between 1.8 and 2.8. The suspension of claim 22, wherein the atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum is substantially equal to two. 24. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 23, wherein the source of aluminosilicate is selected from the group consisting of loose ash type C, loose ash type F, ground blast furnace slag, calcined clays, partially calcined clays (such as metakaolin), silica fume containing aluminum, natural aluminosilicate such as kaolin, glass powder synthetic aluminosilicate, zeolite, slag, allophone, bentonite and pumice stone. 25. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 24, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. 26. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 25, wherein the alkali activator is an alkali metal hydroxide. 27. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 26, wherein the alkali activator and / or the carrier fluid is encapsulated. 28. The suspension according to any of claims 18 to 27, wherein the metal silicate and / or the carrier fluid is encapsulated. 29. A method for controlling the setting time and / or agglutination time of the geopolymeric suspension for the oilfield industry, comprising the step of providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by adding: (i) a retarder and / or an accelerator; (ii) a source of aluminosilicate; (iii) an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the method applies for temperature ranges of 20 ° C to 200 ° C. 31. The suspension according to any of claims 29 to 30, wherein the alkali activator is selected from the group consisting of: sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, whether encapsulated or not. 32. The method according to any of claims 29 to 31, wherein the retardant is selected from the group consisting of a compound containing boron, lignosulfate, sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, tartaric acid and a phosphorus-containing compound, or a mixture of them. 33. The method according to any of claims 29 to 32, wherein the accelerator is a compound containing an alkali metal. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the accelerator is a compound that contains lithium or potassium. 35. The method according to any of claims 29 to 34, wherein the retardant and / or accelerator is encapsulated. 36. The method according to any of the claims 29 to 35, wherein the times of agglutination and / or setting are controlled by changing the nature and / or the concentration of the retardant and / or accelerator. 37. The method according to any of claims 29 to 36, wherein the agglutination and / or setting times are controlled by changing the pH and / or the concentration of the alkali activator. 38. A method for controlling the density of a suspension for the oilfield industry, comprising the step of providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by adding: (i) lightweight particles and / or large particles; (ii) a source of aluminosilicate; (iii) an activator taken from the list consisting of: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof. 39. The method of claim 38, further comprising the step of adding a retardant capable of retarding the agglutination and / or setting times of the suspension and / or an accelerator capable of accelerating the agglutination and / or set times of the suspension. 40. The method of claim 38 or 39, further comprising the step of foaming the suspension of such geopolitical composition. 41. A method for controlling the density of a suspension for the oilfield industry, comprising the step of: (i) providing such suspension within a carrier fluid by mixing an aluminosilicate source, and an activator taken from the list constituted by: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof, and (ii) foaming such a suspension. 42. The method according to any of claims 38 to 41, wherein the density range varies between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2.5 grams per cubic centimeter. 43. A method for placing a geopolymer composition in a borehole in a formation comprising the step of: (i) providing a suspension within a carrier fluid by mixing an aluminosilicate source, and an activator taken from the list constituted by: a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, an alkali activator, or a combination thereof, (ii) pumping such suspension into the borehole, and (iii) allowing such suspension to set under conditions of the bottom of the well of sounding and, by means of it, to form the geopolitical composition. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of providing a suspension further comprises adding a retardant that is capable of retarding the agglutination and / or setting times of the suspension. 45. The method of claim 43 or 44, wherein the step of providing a suspension further comprises adding an accelerator that is capable of accelerating the agglutination and / or setting times of the suspension. 46. The method according to any of claims 43 to 45, further comprising the step of activating such suspension in situ. 47. The method according to any of claims 43 to 46, wherein the step of pumping the suspension is carried out with conventional sounding tools. 48. The method according to any of claims 43 to 48, wherein the method is applied to the placement of the geopolymer composition in an annular space between a casing and the borehole. 49. The method according to any of claims 43 to 48, wherein the method is applied to the placement of the geopolymer composition through a hole made in the casing. 50. The method according to any of claims 43 to 48, wherein the method is applied to the placement of the geopolymer composition to plug an area of the borehole. 51. The method according to any of claims 43 to 48, wherein the method is applied to the placement of the geopolymer composition to apply pressure to an area of the borehole. 52. The method according to any of claims 29 to 50, wherein the suspension is prepared before the pumping step and intentionally left in the liquid phase, which can be stored.