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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful The old and persistent kind of antisemitism—the ancient variety of deliberate and willful antisemitism—will probably be around millennia more if history is any judge. Lee Habeeb, MSNBC Newsweek, 3 Dec. 2025 Perhaps Rigola should have been more willful in his handling of the text, since his libretto unfolds more like a selection of highlights from the play than like a freestanding adaptation. Alex Ross, New Yorker, 1 Dec. 2025 But revenge and deadly violence tear down all the facades, confronting the survivors with the results of their willful complicity, studied ignorance and hubris. The Know, Denver Post, 30 Nov. 2025 Variations on the willful child appear throughout children’s literature, nearly always to instill adult authority. Literary Hub, 17 Nov. 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • Prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, slavery was the law in the rebellious states.
    Doug Ross, Chicago Tribune, 3 Jan. 2026
  • This wretched regime is doomed to be overthrown by the risen populace and rebellious youth.
    Efrat Lachter, FOXNews.com, 1 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • These two ingredients mixed together creates a powerful mixture perfect for lifting stubborn stains off grout because of their high cleaning and brightening properties.
    Ashlyn Needham, Southern Living, 10 Jan. 2026
  • The vinegar cleaning method isn’t foolproof, and sometimes stubborn residue can remain on your microwave walls.
    Gemma Johnstone, The Spruce, 10 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • The National Police has been repeatedly cited by national and international human rights organizations for excessive use of force, arbitrary detentions, and the mistreatment of protesters and civilians.
    Antonio María Delgado, Miami Herald, 6 Jan. 2026
  • Critics say those distinctions are arbitrary and unfair, being based on outdated assumptions and bad science.
    Kevin Krause, Dallas Morning News, 6 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Since the boycott, PEN has donated to Palestinian aid organizations, highlighted writers and journalists who have been targeted and killed by Israel, and released a report on the deliberate destruction of Palestinian cultural heritage.
    James Folta, Literary Hub, 6 Jan. 2026
  • Many of these cases were traced back to individuals who would not have passed a more deliberate vetting process.
    Karl W. Bickel, Baltimore Sun, 6 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Stephen Miller made these comments on CNN and was adamant that this would happen.
    Arkansas Online, Arkansas Online, 9 Jan. 2026
  • Although the film would have been far easier to finance if the production took place in another country, Hadi was adamant about shooting in his homeland.
    Alissa Simon, Variety, 9 Jan. 2026
Adjective
  • Two men are targeted by the rebel army who overthrew the government of Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman.
    CBS News, CBS News, 3 Jan. 2026
  • He was denounced by rebel propagandists as a tyrant and remembered by Americans as a reactionary dolt.
    Bhumika Tharoor, The Atlantic, 30 Dec. 2025
Adjective
  • Leaders often blame uncontrollable factors—policies of previous administrations, hiring for a boom that fizzled unexpectedly, macroeconomic uncertainty, the rise of artificial intelligence—but all too often the real strategic issues go unaddressed.
    Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Review, 1 Jan. 2026
  • The phenomenon of cavitation—the formation and collapse of tiny gas bubbles due to changes in pressure—was considered an undesirable and largely uncontrollable side effect.
    IEEE Spectrum, IEEE Spectrum, 22 Dec. 2025
Adjective
  • This version of Ryan was arrogant, unable to conceal pride in his accomplishment.
    Jamie Thompson, The Atlantic, 6 Nov. 2025
  • So long as that situation continues, the 43-year-old’s allegedly arrogant and stand-offish treatment of his players will not worry the club hierarchy too much.
    Dermot Corrigan, New York Times, 31 Oct. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 12 Jan. 2026.

More from Merriam-Webster on willful

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