Cranial Osteopathy

This paper synthesizes the Somatic Bio-Geometric Harmonics framework with the archetypal symbolism of The Wizard of Oz to map the architecture of the Sovereign Vessel. We identify the "8 8 8" embroidery of the Salvator Mundi not as decoration, but as the code for the Triple Diamond Cross-the geometric engine that activates the Blue Rose (the 64-Point Merkaba). We resolve the "Alpha x Omega" paradox by mapping the First and Twelfth Hermetic Laws, establishing the Heart as the Emerald Fulcrum or the "Center of the Center." Finally, we integrate the Chinnamasta mechanic-the self-decapitation of the cortical loop-as the high-voltage prerequisite for engaging the 55 Hz resonance of the King's Chamber, demonstrating that "Courage" is the capacity of the Heart to conduct the Red Sprite discharge without burning out the vessel.

L'arte dello stare bene: l'armoniosa danza tra il Corpo, la Mente e lo Spirito-La salute nella storia e nella cultura- di Fabio Peruzzi, recentemente pubblicata sulla Rivista culturale che  abbraccia diverse prospettive è un contributo importante per ogni sincero ricercatore dell'Armonia nel solco della Tradizione.
“La salute è il più grande possesso. La contentezza è il più grande tesoro.”
Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching

This paper identifies the number 55 as the "Master Harmonic" of the Somatic Bio-Geometric system. By analyzing the interaction between the Feminine (5) and the Masculine (8), we locate 55 as the 10th stage of the Fibonacci sequence—representing the evolutionary destination of their union. Furthermore, we reveal a precise osteological algorithm: the multiplication of the Facial Archetype (5) by the Total Cranial Structure (11, derived from the 22 bones) yields 55. Finally, we map this number to the 10-pointed rosette of DNA (the sum of 1–10 is 55) and the neurological state of Gamma Synchrony, suggesting that 55 Hz is the specific resonant frequency required to fully activate the Diamond Body.

This paper proposes a comprehensive, unified framework for understanding the human organism not merely as a biological entity defined by biochemical interactions, but as a sophisticated bio-geometric transducer capable of interacting with, and modulating, macro-scale environmental and temporal fields. By synthesizing the principles of fractal mathematicsspecifically the recursive scaling from the central axis of pentagonal symmetry to the 64point holographic matrix-with the precise osteological ratios of cranial osteopathy and the physics of environmental energetics, this research maps the "skeleton" of human potential. The central hypothesis posits that the human physiological structure is designed according to precise geometric principles, most notably the "7-11" ratio found in pyramidal architecture, and that the conscious alignment of these structures activates the body as a "temporal organ." This activation facilitates states of optimized oscillatory coherence, often described in alchemical traditions as the crystallization of the Philosopher's Stone, and allows for the transduction of high-energy atmospheric potentials (storm energy) into stable biological grounding (lithospheric connection). Through a rigorous analysis of the "impossibility" of pentagonal symmetry in inert matter versus its ubiquity in living systems, and the application of prime number theory to cranial anatomy, we establish a theoretical basis for the human form as a resonant bridge between the orthogonal geometry of matter and the rotational geometry of consciousness.

This paper proposes a unified framework for understanding the human organism not merely  as a biological entity, but as a bio-geometric transducer capable of interacting with macro-  scale environmental and temporal fields. By synthesizing principles of fractal mathemat- ics—from the central axis of pentagonal symmetry to the 64-point holographic matrix—cranial  osteopathy, and environmental energetics, this paper maps the "skeleton" of human potential. It reveals that the human skull is constructed upon the sacred ratio of 22:7 (Pi),  suggesting it functions as a "temporal organ" designed to bridge the orthogonal plane of  matter with the rotational plane of spirit, facilitating states of optimized oscillatory coherence.

Rafa Pastor es terapeuta especializado en Osteopatía Reconectiva, un enfoque único que combina la osteopatía cráneo-sacral, la liberación miofascial, la conexión energética y la filosofía Taoísta. Desde su infancia, Rafa ha cultivado una profunda conexión con la naturaleza y con la energía de la vida, explorando el mundo a través de viajes en bicicleta, observación de plantas y animales, y experiencias de meditación y sanación energética.

Su último curso refleja años de práctica y aprendizaje en técnicas de sanación integrativa, combinando conocimientos anatómicos, energéticos y espirituales. A través de sus páginas, el lector puede adentrarse en métodos que facilitan la liberación de tensiones físicas y energéticas, la activación del flujo vital y la armonización de los centros energéticos del cuerpo, incluyendo ejercicios de respiración, visualización y movimiento consciente.

Rafa invita a sus lectores a experimentar la osteopatía más allá de lo físico, mostrando cómo la energía, la conciencia y la respiración se integran para restaurar el equilibrio y la vitalidad. Su trabajo combina ciencia, arte y sensibilidad, ofreciendo herramientas prácticas para mejorar la salud y la conexión con uno mismo, en un viaje que es tanto terapéutico como transformador.

Objectives: To determine cephalometric soft tissue parameters by usingLegan-Burstone analysis among the male and female patients attending in orthodontics department of BSMMU, to compare soft tissue values with Caucasian norms, and to investigate the sexual differences between male and female patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in the department of Orthodontics, BSMMU among the male and female patients having Class I malocclusion. The participants were selected by purposive sampling methods. Total study participants were selected purposively in each group. Total study participants were divided into two groups based on Group I: Male (N=40), Group II: Female (N=40). Each group was a checked very carefulticipants. So, a total of 80 untreated study participants were enrolled in the study. Questionnaire was one comp wery carefully to identify the error in the data study analyzing and matching of data. There were normal distributions of data according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Unpaired t-test was used to compare between two groups. Results: Cephalometric soft tissue parameters by using legan-burstone analysis among male and female participants, facial convexity angle, maxillary prognathism, mandibular prognathism, upper lip protrusion, vertical lip chin ratio, maxillary incisor exposure were larger in males than females subjects with significant differences. Nasolabial angle was larger in female than male with significant differences. In comparison with established Caucasians norms, significant differences were found in most of variables except for maxillary prognathism, vertical height ratio, vertical lip-chin ratio, nasolabial angle and mentolabial sulcus which were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Cephalometric soft tissue parameters by using Legan-Burstone analysis among male and female participants, the angle of facial convexity angle, maxillary prognathism, mentolabial sulcus depth, maxillary incisor exposure, lower face-throat anglewere larger in male than female subjects whereas nasolabial angle was larger in female than male. Some ethnic similarities were found in North Indian, Iraq, Turkish population soft tissue pattern. To evaluate other soft tissue parameters to visualize the differences in different skeletal patterns of different age groups in different tertiary level hospitals of our country for a national guideline in future Orthodontic treatment and Orthognathic surgeries.

INTRODUCTION One of the goals of veterinary education is to produce competent practitioners with requisite skills in making clinical decisions (Radostitset al., 2005). This will ultimately facilitate the making of correct diagnosis and recommendation of most appropriate therapy that will guarantee optimal medical care. This is necessary in view of c o n t e m p o r a r y c h a l l e n g e s a n d transformations occurring in the animal health care sector. Regrettably, intellectual and reasoning content of clinical decisions among contemporary veterinary clinicians within the country is on the decline. Disease investigations most often are not conducted as intelligent planned activity and thus manifest in inability to articulate and defend the process that led to a diagnosis. Clinical reasoning (CR) method of solving clinical problems is believed to offer clinicians the required tools to help them in their day-today clinical decision making regarding appropriate treatment for their patients (Jones et al., 2008). In order to stimulate veterinarians to exercise their CR skills, and improve diagnostic performance and care delivery, a brief outline of CR concepts have been provided in this paper with emphasis on critical thinking, appropriate knowledge base i n c l u d i n g c u r r e n t i n f o r m a t i o n o n technological advancements in biomedical and veterinary sciences. Also crucial for the effectiveness of subsequent veterinary practice is the imparting of CR skills to veterinary students through supervised clinical training under adequate clinical setting by staff with requisite expertise.

Aim: This study had two main aims: to make explicit some of the thinking involved in allied health clinical reasoning and then to reframe this thinking so it is easier for clinical educators to teach and assess and for students to master. Background: Clinical reasoning is central to health professional practice. Therefore, there has been much research to identify the complex thinking process involved in clinical reasoning. There has been less examination, however, of effective approaches for teaching students how to access and adopt the thinking processes that have been identified. Methods: Our survey asked a group of experienced allied practitioners to identify some of the questions they pose to themselves when thinking about a challenging patient scenario and then to reformulate those questions for students to use when engaging in similar clinical reasoning. We categorised their questions according to their fit with established processes of clinical reasoning. Results and conclusion: The questions identified by participants align with established processes of clinical reasoning. They can be used by clinical educators as scaffolds to enable students to think and reason like expert clinical practitioners and used by students to practice and eventually master clinical reasoning.

This is the first of two papers that examine clinical reasoning research in occupational therapy. It discusses the reasoning studies of the 1980s and 1990s, focusing on ethnographic and process-tracing approaches. From this critique, a need for an approach that acknowledges the experienced thinker's intuitive reasoning is identified. The second paper will present such an approach, based on social judgement theory, and demonstrate the first application of such a method in the field of occupational therapy.

Deformational Plagiocephaly (DP) is a common clinical presentation. There is no consensus as to the aetiology of DP, there is no risk factor that is uniformly considered as dominant. The consensus about the pathogenetic factors that are important in the onset of DP is more robust. Most cases are presented with no skull deformity at birth and most problems seem to appear at the age of two months. This implies that postnatal factors have an influence on the onset of DP. Prolonged back-laying position in combination with a restriction in motion of the upper neck area are generally considered as important factors in the onset of DP. The restriction in motion can be caused by muscular and neurological reasons. The purpose of this article is to present an aetiology model as to the neurological aspects that may be causing plagiocephaly and how osteopathy may potentially influence the amelioration of plagiocephaly. Sensitization of the upper neck and brainstem may be caused by intrauterine positioning, traumatic birth processes or prolonged pressure on specific areas of the skull. This sensitization will increase sensitivity of touch-, pressure-and pain-fibers, muscle tone, impair muscle function and enhance postural and birth survival reflexes. The postural reflexes, in combination with impaired muscle function and the prolonged supine positioning of the infant, play a crucial role in the progress of some types of Deformational Plagiocephaly (DP). These neurological considerations should be analyzed and treated by osteopaths and allied professions when faced with DP.

Background and Objectives: The techniques directed to the cranial field in osteopathy are the most questioned due to the lack of scientific evidence. In osteopathic practice, manual palpation is essential and, therefore, measuring reliability is fundamental. The objective of this study is to assess the precision and objectification of an educational model in cranial osteopathy based on experience. Materials and Methods: A reliability study was conducted in a cadaver skull where a strain gauge was placed on the sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS) of the base of the skull. Three cranial osteopathic techniques (lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, and compression maneuver of the mastoids) were performed 25 times by osteopaths with different degrees of experience (5–10 years, 1–5 years, <1 year). Measurements were computed for each of the three techniques of each group in comparison with the osteopath with >15 years of experience. Data were analyzed to check for inter- ...

Background Life satisfaction is a component of the subjective well-being construct. Research consistently suggests that life satisfaction is associated with enhanced social benefits and improved health outcomes. However, its relationship to musculoskeletal health outcomes is underexplored. This study evaluates the life satisfaction of a patient population presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, and the relationship of life satisfaction with other health demographics and behaviours. Method The study used a consecutive sampling design. Patients attending the Victoria University Osteopathy Clinic (Melbourne, Australia) were invited to complete the PROMIS® General Life Satisfaction scale (GLSS) along with questions related to health demographics and behaviours. Results The GLSS T-score was not significantly different for gender, being born outside of Australia, speaking English at home, or complaint chronicity. Conclusions Life satisfaction did not appear to be related to a range of...

Context: Interest in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) among first- and second-year osteopathic medical students typically declines toward the end of the second year of medical school. An osteopathic philosophy and manipulation enhancement (OPME) program was implemented for osteopathic medical students to gain additional exposure to OMM at the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine in New York, New York. Objective: To assess how additional exposure to OMM through the OPME program influenced first- and second-year students’ interest in using OMM. Methods: A survey of first- and second-year osteopathic medical students was conducted at the end of the school years to evaluate students’ demographics, exposure to OMM before matriculation, reasons for participating in the OPME program, and level of interest in OMM before and after participating in the OPME program. Results: Of 390 students, 204 returned the survey. Respondents reported that their exposure to OMM before enrollment was...

7KLV DUWLFOH LGHQWL¿HV DFWLYLW\UHODWHG FKDQJHV WR WUDXPDWLF injuries on, and pathological conditions of the human remains of the Chinese immigrants from Carlin, Nevada, who were interred between 1885 and 1923. Chinese males came to the Americas to work as railroad laborers and miners, and when the railroad was completed many went home, but some found work in small towns. In Carlin, Chinese immigrants were employed as merchants, shopkeepers, cooks, laundry workers, and a variety of other occupations. Within this immigrant group, there were differences in the degree of physical labor each individual experienced. According to historical records, this was a time of increasing anti-Chinese sentiments, and WKHUH DUH DFFRXQWV RI LQWHUJURXS FRQÀLFW ZLWK WKH SROLWLFDOO\ dominant settlers. However, little is known about the biological correlates of this sociopolitical inequality. An analysis of these correlates is assessed as a means for understanding patterns of social, economic, and political inequality between these LPPLJUDQWV DQG WKH ORFDO SRSXODWLRQ 7KH ¿QGLQJV GHPRQVWUDWH that socioeconomic and political inequality experienced by the Carlin individuals resulted in high rates of activity-induced changes, trauma, and pathological conditions. Furthermore, examination of the relationship between cranial trauma and other types of skeletal injuries supports research that has shown trauma to the head can predispose people to other types of trauma (accidental or deliberate). The results support the historical accounts of the time that indicate hard physical labor, DFFLGHQWDO RU GHOLEHUDWH WUDXPD DQG LQWHUSHUVRQDO FRQÀLFW ZHUH part of the life history of this group of Chinese immigrants.

The surgical indication in posterior plagiocephaly has been and still is a subject of discussion. Unlike other types of craniosynostosis, this particular type of cranial deformity does not show the typical radiological findings that are encountered in cases of prematurely fused cranial sutures. Furthermore, in most cases even the inspective evaluation during the surgical operation fails to demonstrate the actual fusion of the lambdoid suture. The mild clinical manifestations of the condition and the observation that physical maneuvers, such as, for example, wearing constrictive helmets, may suffice to correct the malformation add further uncertainties to surgical correction. In recent years, there has been an apparent increase in the incidence of posterior plagiocephaly following changes in the sleeping habits of infants as a result of the recommendation of the American Task Force on Infant Position and Sudden Infant Death Syn

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Osteopathy in the cranial field is an approach used by manual and physical therapists. However, there is minimal information in the literature about patient experiences of this treatment. The present study was undertaken to explore patients' experiences of osteopathy in the cranial field. Patients completed the Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field and identified sensations they experienced during treatment. Additional measures of anxiety, depression, Satisfaction With Life, and Meaningfulness of Daily Activity were completed. The Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = .85). The most frequently experienced sensations of osteopathy in the cranial field patients were "relaxed," "releasing," and "unwinding." Satisfaction With Life and Meaningfulness of Daily Activity were positively associated with Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field scores. Ne...

Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a therapeutic technique that helps re-establish the proper flow of cerebral spinal fluid and normalizing the craniosacral rhythm (CSR) throughout the dural tube Craniosacral Therapy (CST) has become a useful manual approach for the management of acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions in an ageing population. This reviews a case history of a client with suspected compression fracture. She was assessed with listening stations, tissue drag, pulse diagnosis, the MRI reports and surgeon's reports. Evaluations and findings suggested multiple visceral restrictions and other cranial lesions that were contributing to her symptoms. She was treated using a variant of the 10-step protocol commonly used by practitioners trained in the Upledger style of CST. There was a subsequent reduction of pain levels by about fifty percent over a one and half hour session.

Osteopathy in the cranial field is an approach used by manual and physical therapists. However, there is minimal information in the literature about patient experiences of this treatment. The present study was undertaken to explore patients' experiences of osteopathy in the cranial field. Patients completed the Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field and identified sensations they experienced during treatment. Additional measures of anxiety, depression, Satisfaction With Life, and Meaningfulness of Daily Activity were completed. The Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = .85). The most frequently experienced sensations of osteopathy in the cranial field patients were "relaxed," "releasing," and "unwinding." Satisfaction With Life and Meaningfulness of Daily Activity were positively associated with Patient Perception Measure-Osteopathy in the Cranial Field scores. Ne...

ObjectiveReticular brain activity described by intermediate (IM) band physiology exhibits parallels to controversial concepts of cranial osteopathy (CO), the primary respiratory mechanism or cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI). Interestingly, evidence for PRM/CRI activity has been reported using manual palpation, yet with questionable validity. Validation is tested combining manual palpation, instrumented tracking, and algorithmic objectivation of frequencies and phases.MethodsUsing a standard CO intervention, Vault Hold (VH), two CO experts palpated and digitally marked CRI frequencies in 25 healthy adults. IM band autonomic nervous system activity was examined as momentary frequency of highest amplitude (MFHA) in examiner and participant forehead photoplethysmography (PPG). Palpation errors and frequency expectation bias during VH were examined using MFHA and CRI phases.FindingsPalpated CRI frequencies matched those reported in the literature. Mean MFHA and CRI frequencies were highly ...

Gait is one of the examined functions in child development. It should be economical and symmetrical. One test increasingly used by physiotherapists and pediatricians is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR). Physiologically, it is observed from in utero up to six postnatal months. This reaction is inhibited with the growing maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In some children, when the natural process of development is incorrect, ATNR manifests later in life, when it is observed as an automatic response of muscle tension to head rotation. Analysis of pelvis symmetry in the gait of children with active ATNR is important for better understanding their specific movements. In the gait of children with persistent ATNR, some variations are observed. The aim of the study was to investigate the gait symmetry of preschool children and the influence of persistent ATNR. Fifty preschool children with a trace form of ATNR were examined. The distribution of the gait parameters was det...

Introduction: Retained primitive reflexes can disturb natural development and involve difficulties in social and educational children's life. They can also impact on psychomotor development. Mature responses in a child's psychomotor progress can only occur if the central nervous system itself has reached maturity. The process consist the transition made from brain stem reflex response to cortically controlled response. This study define the occurrence of primitive reflexes in healthy 4-6 years old children and analyze the impact of survived primitive reflexes on psychomotor development. Material and methods: The study involved 35 participants aged 4-6 years healthy preschool children. The study tools were: primitive reflexes tests by Sally Goddard for children and Motor Proficiency-Test (MOT 4-6 test) in 18 tasks. Results: Over a half (65%) preschool children had survived the primitive reflexes on the residual level. Eleven percent of them had no retained primitive reflexes. According to the psychomotor ability, 9% of the children were in the category of "altered development", 29% in "delayed development", 59% in "normal" and 3% in "very good development". The greater the severity of the reflex, the motor efficiency was lower (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems reasonable to introduce reflexes integration therapy in children's with low psychomotor skills. Primitive reflexes routinely tested, can contribute to improved early psychomotor development in children with needs, thus preventing many difficulties which children can encounter within their social and school life.

Häufi g führt ein Schleudertrauma zu einer Mindermobilität im Th orax, im Umgebungsbereich der Speiseröhre und damit zu einer Zugbelastung im Bereich des Hiatus oesophageus, aus der zahlreiche Beschwerden resultieren können. Der Beitrag beschreibt die anatomischen Grundlagen der Region, die Anatomie des gastro-ösophagealen Übergangs, den Verschlussmechanismus des Ösophagus und die Innervation des unteren Verschlusssegments.

ObjectiveReticular brain activity described by intermediate (IM) band physiology exhibits parallels to controversial concepts of cranial osteopathy (CO), the primary respiratory mechanism or cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI). Interestingly, evidence for PRM/CRI activity has been reported using manual palpation, yet with questionable validity. Validation is tested combining manual palpation, instrumented tracking, and algorithmic objectivation of frequencies and phases.MethodsUsing a standard CO intervention, Vault Hold (VH), two CO experts palpated and digitally marked CRI frequencies in 25 healthy adults. IM band autonomic nervous system activity was examined as momentary frequency of highest amplitude (MFHA) in examiner and participant forehead photoplethysmography (PPG). Palpation errors and frequency expectation bias during VH were examined using MFHA and CRI phases.FindingsPalpated CRI frequencies matched those reported in the literature. Mean MFHA and CRI frequencies were highly ...

Herpes zoster (HZ) and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are the result of reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from a dormant condition. Although HZ symptoms typically subside after a few weeks, HZO and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) can persist at least 90 days after the appearance of the HZ rash. Presently, there is no gold standard for a disease-modifying therapy for postherpetic neuralgia and the current treatment is focused on early intervention and management of symptoms and dermatological complications. In the present case, a 74-year-old Caucasian male initially developed severe right-sided eye pain and headache. He was diagnosed with HZO and treated with acyclovir, but later developed swelling over the right eye and skin rash over the right side of the forehead and face. He presented to the office after the acute manifestation of the infection disappeared, but the headache and scalp hypersensitivity persisted and increased. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) included correction of cranial strains, inhibition, myofascial release, balanced ligamentous tension, and facilitated positional release. In one week, the patient reported a reduction in pain from 10/10 to 2/10. Two weeks later, he reported complete resolution of his initial symptoms. There are a limited number of cases that illustrate the benefit of OMT in diminishing pain and associated symptoms in different types of neuralgias. OMT ensures the restoration of normal anatomical structure and associated function through correcting somatic dysfunction, normalization of blood supply, muscle tone, and lymphatic drainage, therefore, providing pain relief. Better documentation of case reports and more research in this area would greatly benefit the medical community. The present case demonstrates the successful treatment of PHN with OMT. OMT can be successfully used as an adjunct therapy in cases of HZ and PHN.

For fear of tiring the reader and leaving him with the belief that there is no wisdom outside of my family; I will say that the river of intelligence is just as close to you and yours as it is to me and mine. Although by good fortune I dipped my cup first in the broad river of Osteopathy, drank and gave to them which fluid they relished as all intelligent persons do who drink from this river, the same stream flows for you." (Still, 1897, 379). With these words, Still hands down a heritage: he invites us to draw from the same stream as he, and to carry this wisdom forward. So we become his heirs in being, much more than in having. To me, this differentiation is key. Admittedly, to be an heir in having is a source of material wealth. However, this wealth is limited. To be an heir in being is a source of infinite wealth: "If you and I both have an object and we exchange these objects, then you and I will still each have one object. But, if you and I both have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas."(Chinese Proverb found in Favre, 1994, 271-English translation).

I began my osteopathic training in 1971. However, it was only in the second half of the 1990s that I truly encountered Still, upon reading (or more accurately, attempting to read), and then translating Autobiography and Philosophy of Osteopathy. The encounter came as a great shock. Based upon what I had heard from others (and remembered) about Still, I was expecting to be bored stiff by seriously outdated ideas and theories. Yet, though his writings are admittedly dated and hard to read (Still was arguably not a great scholar), the breath and spirit of osteopathy, as Still understood, embodied and wanted to share it, overflows from each page. And as I came to this realization, it dawned on me that since the beginning of osteopathy's development in France, we were cut off from its roots, and were therefore receiving and transmitting an "inanimate" form of osteopathy. This disconnection was significantly exacerbated by the hunger for recognition that drove many osteopaths to both adopt a "scientific" approach, in order to please and be acknowledged by the powers that be, and seek to minimize other (no less essential) aspects of osteopathy, in particular its philosophical, not to say spiritual aspects. And please note here that I say spiritual and not religious, as these are two very different things. From this time on, it became my fervent desire to help those who so wished (this cannot be imposed) connect back to the origin of osteopathy. It is this desire that drove me to join the Académie d'Ostéopathie de France in 1998, to translate Still's texts and to co-create the Apostill Journal, the first six issues of which were dedicated to reviving this connection.

Background: While the clinical differences between nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly and lambdoid craniosynostosis have been described, the radiographic differentiation between the two remains obscure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphological differences in the lambdoid suture between nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly and lambdoid craniosynostosis. Methods: Computed tomography scans of children clinically diagnosed with nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly (n ϭ 26) were compared with computed tomography scans from children diagnosed with lambdoid craniosynostosis (n ϭ 7). Suture and cranial morphology, ear position, and endocranial base angles were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. Results: Nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly sutures demonstrated areas of focal fusion (25 percent), endocranial ridg-ing (78 percent), narrowing (59 percent), sclerosis (19 percent), and changes from overlapping to end-to-end orientation (100 percent). No sutures demonstrated ectocranial ridging. All cases of nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly presented with ipsilateral occipital flattening, 85 percent with ipsilateral frontal, and 95 percent with contralateral occipital bossing producing parallelogram morphology. In

Background: While the clinical differences between nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly and lambdoid craniosynostosis have been described, the radiographic differentiation between the two remains obscure. The aim of this study was to characterize morphological differences in the lambdoid suture between nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly and lambdoid craniosynostosis. Methods: Computed tomography scans of children clinically diagnosed with nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly (n ϭ 26) were compared with computed tomography scans from children diagnosed with lambdoid craniosynostosis (n ϭ 7). Suture and cranial morphology, ear position, and endocranial base angles were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. Results: Nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly sutures demonstrated areas of focal fusion (25 percent), endocranial ridg-ing (78 percent), narrowing (59 percent), sclerosis (19 percent), and changes from overlapping to end-to-end orientation (100 percent). No sutures demonstrated ectocranial ridging. All cases of nonsynostotic occipital plagiocephaly presented with ipsilateral occipital flattening, 85 percent with ipsilateral frontal, and 95 percent with contralateral occipital bossing producing parallelogram morphology. In

In order to write a clinical case, subjective and personal data are collected. This data reflects the globality of an osteopathic treatment. Therapeutic touch, approached with empathy, active listening and non-judgment are the foundations of manual techniques. The evolution of A.T. Still's concept of osteopathy is in itself a sign of its fecundity1. A greater level of detail and a retrospect analysis can be provided in a second article.

Osteopath G.Os.C. (UK), ist Gründer der Osteopathie Schule Deutschland, des Osteopathic Research Instituts und einer osteopathischen Lehrklinik. Er entwickelte verschiedene osteopathische B.Sc.-und M.Sc.-Studien programme und osteopathisch-emotionale Behandlungsansätze, z.B. bifokale Integration. Liem ist Vorsitzender der europäischen Gesellschaft für Kinderosteopathie, Dozent für verschiedene Yogarichtungen, Meditations-und Atmungsansätze sowie internationaler Re ferent und Autor zahlreicher Publika tionen, Mitherausgeber der Osteopathischen Medizin, Mitglied im Beratungsgremium des International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. Er führt eine eigene Praxis in Hamburg. René Zweedijk René Zweedijk D.O., B.Sc. schloss seine Ausbildung 1989 ab und ist seitdem als Osteopath und Lehrer für Osteopathie in fast allen europäischen Ländern hauptsächlich in Aufb austudiengängen tätig. Zweedijk ist Direktor von Panta Rhei, einer Organisation für Aufb austudiengänge und-programme in den Niederlanden und im Ausland. Er arbeitet in seiner Privatpraxis in Kapelle (NL). Sein berufl iches Interesse gilt dem autonomen Nervensystem, dem endokrinen System und dem Immunsystem.

Background: Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of calvarial sutures. Nearly affect 0.4 of 1000 persons. There is a chance of increased intracranial pressure with one suture synostosis and the risk increased when multiple suture is involved. So early diagnosis is crucial to help in early management to avoid expected secondary neural insult. Aim: to get an early and precise method for diagnosis of craniosynostosis and so early and rapid treatment with prevention of secondary neural insult. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 3D CT volume rendering technique of thirty patients, diagnosed as nonsyndromic primary craniosynostosis Ectocranial skull suture closure grading system applied to 3D skull volume rendering technique of the studied group as it stimulate real time one. By this mean together with other clinical evidence early and precise diagnosis of craniosynostosis can be elicited. Results: The studied group are 30 patients were operated by early suture release surgery endoscopic assisted suturectomy in neurosurgery department in Shebin Elkom Teaching hospital (2011-2016). 16 females 14 males all have primary craniosynostosis. 9 Brachycephaly,7 scaphocephally,4 anterior plagiocephaly,4 trigonocephaly,2 posterior plagiocephaly and 4 oxycephaly. Of all patients 38 sutures was affected. After application of proposed grading 10 sutures G1, 16 sutures G2 and 12 sutures G3. Conclusion: Application of ectocranial skull suture closure grading system to 3D skull in early cases of primary craniosynostosis will help in precise diagnosis and surgical decision, as it demonstrate the degree of affected suture from single bony bridge that restrict or arrest suture growth in mild cases to completely obliterated one.

The compression of the fourth ventricle (CV-4) is one of the more well known procedures in the cranial manipulation curriculum and practice. Cranial manipulation has received criticism because of the subtle, difficult to learn techniques, controversy over whether or not cranial bone structures move, and what if any clinical effects have been shown. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of CV-4 in 10 healthy subjects through quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), specifically in alpha band. Participants were randomly distributed in control, sham-CV4 and CV4 conditions using a cross-over design. qEEG activity was recorded for each of the 10 subjects in each of the 3 conditions. There was a significant increase in the alpha absolute power between pre and post in the CV-4 condition. There appears to be potential for understanding the effect of the CV-4 if these finding are replicated in further clinical trials.

My medical conspiracy does not involve a disguised identity, nor establishing osteopathic training in a predominantly allopathic institution. 1, 2 The osteopathic profession has exponentially evolved since the 1950s, with over 30 osteopathic medical schools established across the nation and graduate medical education (GME) programs accredited with Osteopathic Recognition under the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). 3-4 I have been fortunate to be exposed to this uniqueness and healing potential of the osteopathic approach since childhood and to be among the new generation of osteopathic physicians, but barriers to equality, although not explicit, are still prevalent. 5 I still have a story to create; my journey has only begun. It is my hope and responsibility to address our deficiencies and implement solutions for the betterment of medicine and health of our patients. The artistic and healing nature of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) seems to appeal to people of diverse interests. Just as my grandfather pursued his passion for the Arts through an English degree and composing numerous literary works (that have yet to be published), I, too, immersed myself in the distinct realms of music and the sciences. I completed Bachelor of Arts degrees in Music and Biology in four years at Case Western Reserve University. I then endeavored for the "traditional" (yet increasingly non-traditional) route of medical school admission directly after undergraduate education, joining the

Context Osteopathic medical students receive an abundance of training in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) during their first 2 years of medical school and less during the second 2 years. Family Medicine residency programs often include significantly more OMT training during residency, but it is less frequently applied in other residencies. Objectives This survey was designed utilizing the theory of planned behavior to see whether specific training in osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) after osteopathic medical school was an influence in changing behavior, attitudes, and knowledge around OMT in osteopathic residents. Methods A total of 188 osteopathic medicine residents were invited to complete an anonymous cross-sectional online survey. The survey asked residents about their postgraduate OMT training and their knowledge, attitudes, norms, intentions, and behavior regarding OMT. Inferential statistics were utilized to determine whether significant differences existed by ...