ZA200810516B - Heating and/or drying bulk particulate material - Google Patents
Heating and/or drying bulk particulate material Download PDFInfo
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- ZA200810516B ZA200810516B ZA200810516A ZA200810516A ZA200810516B ZA 200810516 B ZA200810516 B ZA 200810516B ZA 200810516 A ZA200810516 A ZA 200810516A ZA 200810516 A ZA200810516 A ZA 200810516A ZA 200810516 B ZA200810516 B ZA 200810516B
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- bulk particulate
- upper electrode
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Description
T y) ee fang
AEE || IER SAT
THIS INVENTION relates to heating and/or drying of bulk particulate material. In particular, the invention relates to a method of heating and/or drying bulk particulate material and to bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus.
The Applicant is aware of radio frequency (RF) heating of bulk particulate material conveyed on a conveyor belt. The use of conveyor belts in RF heating applications is however problematic as the conveyor belts must be able to withstand high temperatures, e.g. of the order of about 140°C in some applications and the conveyor belts must also not be susceptible to RF heating, which means that rubber, containing carbon, is unsuitable.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of heating and/or drying bulk particulate material, the method including feeding the bulk particulate material onto a support which includes or defines a lower electrode so that the bulk particulate material is above the lower electrode; _- displacing the support, including the lower electrode, in a reciprocating fashion along a path which enters a space underneath at least one upper electrode, so that at least a portion of the lower electrode is at times underneath the upper electrode and at times removed from underneath the upper electrode; generating a radio frequency field between the upper and lower electrodes when the support, including the lower electrode, is in said space, by capacitively coupling the upper and lower electrodes, thereby to heat and/or dry the bulk particulate material present in the radio frequency field on the support; and removing or discharging the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the support. : :
In this specification, by "radio frequency" is meant a frequency of less than about 300 MHz.
LA ir .
The bulk particulate material may be a mineral, chemical, ore or ore concentrate.
The path may be linear, and is typically, although not necessarily, arranged in a horizontal plane.
The method may include keeping the support/iower electrode under the upper electrode for a preselected time period, e.g. of at least 30 seconds, before removing the support from below the upper electrode and before the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is removed from the support.
The support may be in the form of a tray with a bottom which includes or which defines said lower electrode. Feeding the bulk particulate material onto the support may thus include feeding a batch of the bulk particulate material into the tray.
Typically, the batch of bulk particulate material is fed from a hopper or bin or the like, through a chute.
Feeding the bulk particulate material onto the support may include levelling the bulk particulate material on the support so that the bulk particulate material forms a bed with a substantially uniform bed depth. This may be achieved by feeding the bulk particulate material through a material gate or feed opening in a chute, whilst simultaneously displacing the support along its path, the height of the opening of the material gate determining the bed depth for the bulk particulate material on the support.
Typically, the bulk particulate material is fed onto the support so that an air gap is maintained between the bulk particulate material on the support and the upper electrode.
The bulk particulate material may be fed onto the support whilst the support is being displaced in one direction, and the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material may be removed or discharged from the support whilst the support is moving in an opposite direction.
The bulk particulate material may be fed onto the support whilst the support is being displaced so that the lower electrode enters the space underneath the upper electrode. The heated and/or dried bulk particulate material may be removed or discharged from the support whilst the support is being displaced so that the lower electrode leaves the space underneath the upper electrode.
The heated and/or dried bulk particulate material may be discharged or removed, e.g. by scraping or pushing, by means of a scraper or blocking formation arranged to displace the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the moving support, typically through an open end of the support. The blocking formation may be defined by the chute used to feed the bulk particulate material onto the support, or it may be defined by a material gate opening and closing a feed opening of the chute used to feed the bulk particulate material onto the support. The heated and/or dried bulk particulate material may be displaced from the moving support over an end or edge of the support spaced from the scraper or blocking formation such that the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material remains between the electrodes, or passes through between the electrodes, until the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is discharged or for as long as the support is moving relative to the scraper or blocking formation. :
The support may be displaced along a path which enters a space underneath two spaced upper electrodes, the support/lower electrode thus alternately being located underneath one upper electrode and underneath the other upper electrode as the support/lower electrode is displaced in reciprocating fashion. In this embodiment of the invention, there will thus be two radio frequency fields which will exist alternately, periodically, each one being generated in turn as the suppor, including the lower electrode enters the space undemeath the one or the other upper electrode.
The method may include feeding the bulk particulate material onto two supports which each include or define a lower electrode, and simultaneously displacing the supports, including their lower electrodes, in reciprocating fashion along a path which enters the space underneath the upper electrode, one support replacing the other support in the space underneath the upper electrode, and the other support then again replacing the one support in the space underneath the upper electrode. In this
Co 5 embodiment of the invention, bulk particulate material may be fed onto one support as said one support is being displaced to enter the space underneath the upper electrode, and heated and/or dried bulk particulate material may be removed or discharged from the other support as said other support is leaving the space underneath the upper electrode.
By way of development, the method may include feeding bulk particulate material at two spaced locations onto a single elongated support including or defining a lower electrode or lower electrodes, the feed locations being on opposite sides of the upper electrode, and displacing the support in reciprocating fashion with a portion of the support at all times being underneath the upper electrode, and the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material being removed or discharged through a discharge opening in the support which is located between the feed locations, a portion of the support on one side of the discharge opening being fed with bulk particulate material when the support is moving in one direction, and a portion of the support on an opposite side of the discharge opening discharging heated and/or dried bulk particulate material when the support is moving in said one direction, and vice versa when the support is moving in the opposite direction. :
The method may include heating the upper electrode, e.g. using hot air, to prevent condensation of water on the upper electrode.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus, which includes at least one upper electrode; a support operable to travel in reciprocating fashion along a path which enters a space underneath the upper electrode, the support including or defining a lower electrode and the upper and lower electrodes being operable to couple capacitively to generate a radio frequency field between them, the support being configured to travel so that at least a portion of the lower electrode is at times underneath the upper electrode and at times removed from underneath the upper electrode; a feed arrangement to feed bulk particulate material onto the support so that the bulk particulate material is above the lower electrode; and
CC 6 a discharge arrangement or formation to discharge or remove heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the support.
The support may be in the form of a tray with a bottom which includes or which defines said lower electrode. A side wall of the tray may be discontinuous in at least one zone or area, defining an opening, which may thus form part of the discharge arrangement, through which heated and/or dried bulk particulate material can be removed or discharged from the tray.
Typically, the tray is rectangular, with the side wall being absent along at least one edge or side of the tray.
The feed arrangement may include a hopper or bin or the like with at least one feed opening above the support, typically in a chute, the path along which the support moves being such that the support does not move out from underneath the feed: opening.
The feed opening may have a height which is adjustable, allowing a bed depth of bulk particulate material on the support, which corresponds to the height of the feed opening, to be adjusted. The feed opening may be defined by or may include a material gate.
The discharge arrangement or formation may include a scraper or blocking formation as hereinbefore described.
The apparatus may include two horizontally spaced upper electrodes, with the feed opening being located in a vertical plane which passes between the upper electrodes, and with the path along which the support travels in reciprocating fashion entering a space underneath each upper electrode. In this embodiment, opposed ends of the support may be open allowing heated and/or dried bulk particulate material to be discharged alternately through both ends.
The apparatus may include two supports both including or defining a lower electrode and being operable to travel in reciprocating fashion along paths which enter
Co 7 the space underneath the upper electrode, the supports being operable to enter said space alternately, and the feed arrangement being operable to feed bulk particulate material onto both supports.
Ends of the supports facing one another may be open to allow discharge of - heated and/or dried bulk particulate material through said open ends.
In one embodiment of the invention, the support is elongated and includes or defines at least one lower electrode and the feed arrangement is operable to feed bulk particulate material at two spaced locations onto the support, on opposite sides of the upper electrode, the support including or defining a discharge opening between the two spaced lower feed locations and the support having a stroke such that a portion of the support is underneath the upper electrode at all times, bulk particulate material fed at the two feed locations alternately entering the space underneath the upper electrode together with the lower electrode or an associated lower electrode.
The apparatus may include heating means to heat the upper electrode or electrodes. In one embodiment of the invention, the upper electrode is heated by means of a hot gas, e.g. hot air. The upper electrode may be located inside a cavity or chamber at least partially defined by the discharge arrangement, with the heating means being operable to feed hot gas into said chamber.
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which
Figure 1 shows a partially sectioned view of one embodiment of bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus in accordance with the invention; and :
Figures 2 and 3 respectively show partially sectioned views of two further embodiments of bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus in accordance with the invention.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 generally indicates bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus in accordance with the invention. The apparatus 10 includes an upper electrode 12, a support in the form of a tray 14 which includes a lower electrode 16, a feed arrangement 18 to feed bulk
CC | 8 particulate material onto the tray 14 and a discharge arrangement 20 to discharge or remove heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the tray 14.
The feed arrangement 18 includes a bin or hopper 22 holding a supply of bulk particulate material to be heated and/or dried (generally indicated by reference numeral 24). The hopper 22 includes a chute 26, which is rectangular in transverse cross-section, with an elongated rectangular feed opening 28. Typically, the hopper 22 is fed by means of a conveyor (not shown) discharging vertically above the chute 26.
Typically, a material gate (not shown) forms part of the feed opening 28 and is operable to open or close the feed opening 28, or to adjust the height of the feed opening 28.
The tray 14 is of a glass fibre reinforced material with a low lossy factor. The 16 lower electrode 16 is embedded in a floor of the tray 14. The tray 14 is rectangular in outline in plan view. The feed opening 28 has a width which substantially corresponds with the width of the tray 14.
The tray 14 has side walls along three sides thereof, with an end 30 of the tray 14 not having a side wall, an opening thus being defined at the end 30 through which bulk particulate material on the tray 14 can be discharged. The opening at the end 30, together with a chute 32 and in practice the bottom portion of the chute 26 with the bulk particulate material 24 located inside the chute 26, form part of the discharge arrangement 20. Typically, the chute 32 feeds onto a conveyor (not shown).
The tray 14 is operable to slide in reciprocating fashion along a path indicated by the double-headed arrow 34. Typically, the stroke of the tray 14 along this path can be adjusted in length. This stroke is typically substantially longer than the short strokes usually associated with oscillating plate feeders and has a stroke length which will typically vary between 500 mm and 5000 mm. As will be appreciated, the tray 14 remains underneath the chute 26 and the feed opening 28 at all times. The tray 14 is driven by hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical or other similar means (not shown) and is supported on a bearing arrangement (not shown) allowing the tray 14 to slide backwards and forwards along the path indicated by the arrow 34.
- °
The upper electrode 12 is also rectangular in outline in plan view and has suitable dimensions, e.g. a width of about 1000 mm and a length of about 2000 mm.
The rectangular tray 14 has a width slightly more than the upper electrode, taken in the direction of the length of the upper electrode 12, and a length slightly more than the upper electrode, taken in the direction of the width of the upper electrode 12. The vertical spacing between the upper electrode 12 and the lower electrode 16 is such that optimum radio frequency coupling is established in the load, e.g. about 200 mm.
The lower portion of the chute 26 is closed on three sides, i.e. on all the sides except the side within which the feed opening 28 is defined. These three sides are sealed against the floor of the tray 14 by a suitable skirt (not shown) to prevent leakage of bulk particulate material from the chute 26 onto the tray 14. The material gate in the feed opening 28 allows the vertical height of the feed opening 28 to be adjusted, thereby allowing bulk particulate material to pass out through the feed opening 28 in various bed depths as the tray 14 oscillates.
In use, bulk particulate material, such as a pharmaceutical or agricultural : substance, chemical, mineral, slag, ore or ore concentrate, which is required to be heated and/or dried, is fed from the bin or hopper 22 through the chute 26 onto the tray 14. In Figure 1 of the drawings, the bulk particulate material will be fed onto the tray 14 when the tray 14 is moving from a position in which it is as far to the left as is possible, along its path towards the position shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. On this stroke, bulk particulate material is thus drawn through the feed opening 28 onto the tray 14, forming a bed with a uniform bed depth, e.g. about 100 mm. : A radio frequency generator (not shown) is employed capacitively to couple the upper electrode 12 and the lower electrode 16 thereby to generate a radio frequency field between the upper electrode 12 and the lower electrode 16. Typically, a radio frequency generator generating radio frequencies at a frequency of about less than 300 MHz is employed.
The bulk particulate material on the tray 14 is heated and/or dried for as long as the material is located in the radio frequency field between the upper electrode 12 and the lower electrode 16. As will thus be appreciated, as the tray 14, or more particularly the lower electrode 16 begins to enter the space underneath the upper electrode 12, the radio frequency field is excited and the bulk particulate material entering the radio frequency field with the lower electrode 16 is heated and/or dried.
When the tray 14 reaches the position shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, the tray 14 is stopped and typically remains in said position for a pre-selected period of time to allow the bulk particulate material to be heated and/or dried to a sufficient extent.
After this waiting period, which is at least 30 seconds, typically a few minutes, e.g. 1 or 2 minutes, the tray 14 moves again towards the left in Figure 1. The chute 26 and the bulk particulate material in the chute 26 prevent the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material on the tray 14 from re-entering the chute 26. The chute 26 and the bulk particulate material inside the chute 26 thus act as a scraper or blocking formation which effectively pushes the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material on the tray 14 over the edge at the end 30 as the tray 14 is reversed along its path. The heated and/or dried bulk particulate material falls into the chute 32 from where it is removed, e.g. by means of a conveyor or the like.
This process is repeated, with the tray 14 then again moving towards the right in Figure 1, forming a new bed of bulk particulate material on the tray 14, which is then heated and/or dried before being discharged again when the tray 14 moves towards the left.
It is expected that the apparatus 10, as illustrated, will be capable of heating about 5 tons per hour of bulk particulate material, to a temperature of about 100 °C.
Referring to Figure 2 of the drawings, another embodiment of bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus in accordance with the invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 50. The apparatus 50 is similar to the apparatus 10 and, unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals as are used in Figure 1 in relation to the apparatus 10, are used in Figure 2 to indicate the same or similar parts or features.
v1
CC 11
In the apparatus 50, provision is made for two horizontally spaced upper electrodes 12. The discharge arrangement 20 also includes two chutes 32.
The chute 26 is closed only on two opposed sides, with feed openings 28 being provided on the two remaining opposed sides. Each feed opening 28 includes a material gate (not shown) operable to open or close the feed opening 28.
The tray 14 is open on two opposed ends 30. In the apparatus 50, the tray 14 can convey bulk particulate material to be heated and/or dried into two separate process areas located on opposite sides of the chute 26. The material gates of the feed openings 28 are alternately opened and closed, allowing bulk particulate material to be fed onto the tray 14 whether the tray 14 is displaced to the left or to the right in Figure 2.
At the same time, bulk particulate material is discharged from the tray 14 when the tray 14 is moved to the right or to the left in Figure 2. Bulk particulate material is thus discharged through both ends 30 of the tray 14, into the chutes 32, in alternating fashion.
Yet a further embodiment of bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus in accordance with the invention is shown in Figure 3 of the drawings and indicated by reference numeral 60. Again, the same reference numerals as are used in the other drawings are used to indicate the same or similar parts or features, unless otherwise indicated.
The bin or hopper 22 of the apparatus 60 includes two chutes 26 each with a feed opening 28. The upper electrode 12 is located between the chutes 26, in a cavity 62 defined by the bin or hopper 22. In the apparatus 60, the tray 14 is larger than the tray 14 of the apparatuses 10, 50 and has a side wall which extends peripherally.
However, a discharge slot 64 is provided in the centre of the tray 14. The slot 14 is arranged transversely to a longitudinal axis of the tray 14, i.e. transversely to the reciprocating path 34 of the tray 14.
A single lower electrode 16, or a pair of lower electrodes 16 is/are located in the bottom or floor of the tray 14.
CC 12
The apparatus 60 functions in a similar manner to the apparatus 10.
However, as will be appreciated, material is fed onto one end portion of the tray 14 when the tray 14 is moving in a particular direction, whilst at the same time heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is discharged from an opposite end portion of the tray 14 when the tray 14 moves in said direction, with the actions being reversed when the tray 14 moves in the opposite direction. Material removed or discharged from the tray 14 is pushed through the slot 64 into the chute 32. Thus, during movement of the tray 14 in either direction, heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is discharged from the tray 14 into the chute 32.
If desired, the cavity 62 can be swept with a hot gas, e.g. hot air, to prevent condensation of moisture on the upper electrode 12.
The use of radio frequency fields to dry coal was illustrated in a laboratory experiment operating at either 8 MHz or 13.56 MHz. 45 kg of coal in a coal bed, ‘containing 12.5 % moisture, was heated using radio frequency waves at 8 MHz in a reciprocating drier for 2.5 minutes at an effective power of 45 kW with an equivalent voltage of 4.5 kV between two capacitively coupled electrode plates. The material fitted ‘between the electrode plates with an air gap between the coal bed and the upper electrode plate. The coal bed had a depth of about 100 mm. As will be appreciated, the air gap is a function of the properties of the material as well as the moisture content thereof.
During the 2.5 minute heating period, the moisture content of the coal was reduced to 6 %, and it was further reduced to 5 % during cooling. Drying of other coal also was evaluated containing a feed moisture content of up to 26 %.
The Applicant believes that the method and apparatus of the invention can be successfully employed to heat bulk particulate material and/or to dry bulk particulate material, such as coal, without employing a conveyor belt to transport the bulk
I. particulate material through the radio frequency field. Advantageously, the bulk 7 particulate material, e.g. coal, can be dried at a temperature of 100°C or less, causing less damage to the bulk particulate material than when a hot gas at say 200°C - 300°C is used for drying.
Claims (17)
1. A method of heating and/or drying bulk particulate material, the method including ” feeding the bulk particulate material onto a support which includes or defines a lower electrode so that the bulk particulate material is above the lower electrode; displacing the support, including the lower electrode, in a reciprocating fashion along a path which enters a space underneath at least one upper electrode, so that at least a portion of the lower electrode is at times underneath the upper electrode and at times removed from underneath the upper electrode; generating a radio frequency field between the upper and lower electrodes when the support, including the lower electrode, is in said space, by capacitively coupling the upper and lower electrodes, thereby to heat and/or dry the bulk particulate material present in the radio frequency field on the support; and removing or discharging the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the support.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, which includes keeping the support/lower electrode under the upper electrode for a preselected time period of at least 30 seconds, before removing the support from below the upper electrode and before the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is removed from the support, and/or in which the bulk particulate material is heated to a temperature of 100°C or less.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the support is in the form of a tray with a bottom which includes or which defines said lower electrode.
4. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which feeding the bulk particulate material onto the support includes levelling the bulk particulate material on the support so that the bulk particulate material forms a bed with a substantially uniform bed depth, and/or includes feeding the bulk particulate material onto the support so that an air gap is maintained between the bulk particulate material on the support and the upper electrode.
CC 14
5. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which the bulk particulate material is fed onto the support whilst the support is being displaced in one direction, and the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is removed or discharged from the support whilst the support is moving in an opposite direction.
6. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is discharged or removed by means of a scraper or blocking formation arranged to displace the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the moving support, the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material being displaced from the moving support over an end or edge of the support spaced from the scraper or blocking formation such that the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material remains between the electrodes, or passes through between the electrodes, until the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material is discharged or for as long as the support is moving relative to the scraper or blocking formation.
7. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, in which the support is displaced along a path which enters a space underneath two spaced upper electrodes, the support/lower electrode thus alternately being located underneath one upper electrode and underneath the other upper electrode as the support/lower electrode is displaced in reciprocating fashion, with two radio frequency fields thus existing alternately, periodically, each one being generated in turn as the support, including the lower electrode enters the space underneath the one or the other upper electrode.
8. The method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 inclusive, which includes feeding the bulk particulate material onto two supports which each include or define a lower electrode, and simultaneously displacing the supports, including their lower electrodes, in reciprocating fashion along a path which enters the space underneath the upper electrode, one support replacing the other support in the space underneath the upper electrode, and the other support then again replacing the one support in the space underneath the upper electrode, with bulk particulate material being fed onto one support as said one support is being displaced to enter the space underneath the upper electrode, and heated and/or dried bulk particulate material being removed or
\ | 15 discharged from the other support as said other support is leaving the space underneath the upper electrode.
9. The method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 inclusive, which includes - feeding bulk particulate material at two spaced locations onto a single elongated support including or defining a lower electrode or lower electrodes, the feed locations being on opposite sides of the upper electrode, and displacing the support in “reciprocating fashion with a portion of the support at all times being underneath the upper electrode, and the heated and/or dried bulk particulate material being removed or discharged through a discharge opening in the support which is located between the feed locations, a portion of the support on one side of the discharge opening being fed with bulk particulate material when the support is moving in one direction, and a portion of the support on an opposite side of the discharge opening discharging heated and/or dried bulk particulate material when the support is moving in said one direction, and vice versa when the support is moving in the opposite direction.
10. Bulk particulate material heating and/or drying apparatus, which includes at least one upper electrode; a support operable to travel in reciprocating fashion along a path which enters a space underneath the upper electrode, the support including or defining a lower electrode and the upper and lower electrodes being operable to couple capacitively to generate a radio frequency field between them, the support being configured to travel so that at least a portion of the lower electrode is at times underneath the upper electrode and at times removed from underneath the upper electrode; a feed arrangement to feed bulk particulate material onto the support so that the bulk particulate material is above the lower electrode; and a discharge arrangement or formation to discharge or remove heated and/or dried bulk particulate material from the support.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, in which the support is in the form of a tray with a bottom which includes or which defines said lower electrode, a side wall of the tray being discontinuous in at least one zone or area, defining an opening, which thus forms part of the discharge arrangement, through which heated and/or dried bulk particulate material can be removed or discharged from the tray.
Co 16
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11, which includes two horizontally spaced upper electrodes, with a feed opening of the feed arrangement being located in a vertical plane which passes between the upper electrodes, and with the path along which the support travels in reciprocating fashion entering a space underneath each upper electrode, opposed ends of the support being open allowing heated and/or dried bulk particulate material to be discharged alternately through both ends. :
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11, which includes two supports both including or defining a lower electrode and being operable to travel in reciprocating fashion along paths which enter the space underneath the upper electrode, the supports being operable to enter said space alternately, and the feed arrangement being operable to feed bulk particulate material onto both supports. :
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, in which ends of the supports facing one another are open to allow discharge of heated and/or dried bulk particulate material . through said open ends. :
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11, in which the support is elongated and includes or defines at least one lower electrode and the feed arrangement is operable to feed bulk particulate material at two spaced locations onto the support, on opposite sides of the upper electrode, the support including or defining a discharge opening between the two spaced lower feed locations and the support having a stroke such that a portion of the support is underneath the upper electrode at all times, bulk particulate material fed at the two feed locations alternately entering the space underneath the upper electrode together with the lower electrode or an ~ associated lower electrode.
16. A method of heating and/or drying bulk particulate material as claimed in claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the drawings and any example.
oo 17
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in the drawings and any example. : Dated this 11'" day of December 2008 ADAMS & ADAMS APPLICANTS’ PATENT ATTORNEYS
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200810516A ZA200810516B (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2008-12-11 | Heating and/or drying bulk particulate material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200800611 | 2008-01-21 | ||
| ZA200810516A ZA200810516B (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2008-12-11 | Heating and/or drying bulk particulate material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200810516B true ZA200810516B (en) | 2009-11-25 |
Family
ID=41651323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200810516A ZA200810516B (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2008-12-11 | Heating and/or drying bulk particulate material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ZA (1) | ZA200810516B (en) |
-
2008
- 2008-12-11 ZA ZA200810516A patent/ZA200810516B/en unknown
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