WO2026010767A1 - Rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymers using hydrosilylation agents - Google Patents
Rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymers using hydrosilylation agentsInfo
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- WO2026010767A1 WO2026010767A1 PCT/US2025/034960 US2025034960W WO2026010767A1 WO 2026010767 A1 WO2026010767 A1 WO 2026010767A1 US 2025034960 W US2025034960 W US 2025034960W WO 2026010767 A1 WO2026010767 A1 WO 2026010767A1
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- composition
- alpha
- olefin
- rheology modified
- interpolymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
Definitions
- JP2001098076A (machine translation and JP version) discloses a resin modifier that, when added to, or compounded with, a resin, can give excellent impact resistance or slidability, thereto, without causing any bleeding problem.
- This modifier is obtained by hydrosilylating an ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer, containing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene as a comonomer, with a silicon compound having at least one Si-H group in the molecule.
- the above “Si-H-group-containing compound” is an organohydrogensiloxane having the average compositional formula: HaRbSiO(4-a-b)/2 (wherein R is a 1-12C monovalent hydrocarbon group or a 1-6C alkoxyl; 0.001 ⁇ a ⁇ 2; 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 3; and 1.00 ⁇ a+b ⁇ 3.00). See abstract. See also the embedded images and paragraphs [0024] and [0025].
- WO2020/263681 discloses a process that exposes a neat (reactor produced unmodified EPDM) terpolymer to an electron beam radiation, at a dosage from 0.2 MRad to 1.3 MRad, to form a branched ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (b-terpolymer) having a Mooney viscosity ML (1 +4) at 125°C from 25 MU to 135 MU.
- the neat ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (n-terpolymer) has a Mooney viscosity (ML (1 +4) at l25°C) less than 100 Mooney units (MU).
- U.S. Publication 2014/0051809 discloses highly branched compositions including: (i) from about 96 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of a metallocene catalyzed ethylene propylene diene derived units; and (ii) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt % of multifunctional monomer derived units, and wherein the highly branched composition has: (a) a Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) at 125°C of about 30 to 100 MU, (b) a Mooney relaxation area MLRA of about 100 to about 1000, (c) a branching index, g’(vis) of less than about 0.9, (d) a phase angle, ⁇ , of less than about 55 degrees at a complex modulus of 10 kPa, measured at 190°C, and (e) a degree of shear thinning greater than about 0.95, measured at 190°C.
- Suitable multifunctional monomers include one or more vinyl compounds, allylic compounds, acrylate compounds, or combinations thereof (see paragraph [0155]).
- Suitable vinyl compounds include 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (DVTU); 2.5-norbornadiene; divinylphenylphosphine; divinyl sulfone; divinyl sulfoxide; 1-3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane; 1.2-polybutadiene; divinyl benzene; and combinations thereof (see paragraph [0156]).
- WO2022/115410 discloses a process of providing an ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (EPDM) having at least 3.5 wt% non- conjugated polyene, and reacting the EPDM with a metal-Lewis acid, and forming a rheology-modified EPDM.
- EPDM ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer
- the rheology-modified EPDM has (i) a z average molecular weight (Mz) from greater than 500,000 g/mole to 10,000,000 g/mole, (ii) a Mz/Mw from 3 to 10, (iii) a g value from 0.4 to 1.0, (iv) a z value from 1.0 to 3.5, (v) a Mooney viscosity from 50 to 150, and (vi) a tan delta value from 0.1 to less than 1.0. See abstract.
- Mz z average molecular weight
- a composition comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML (at 125 o C) value ⁇ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ⁇ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst.
- an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer can be rheology modified, using one or more hydrosilylation agents, to form a modified interpolymer having an overall increase in rheological properties (such as low-shear viscosity, Mooney viscosity, and MLRA/ML), relative to the unmodified interpolymer, and having minimal gel formation or crosslinking.
- This rheology modification allows for the formation of long chain branching (LCB) within the interpolymer, which results in an interpolymer having a significantly increased elasticity and increased shear thinning behavior, relative to the unmodified interpolymer.
- LCB long chain branching
- Additional benefits of a high “LCB content” interpolymer are reduced cold flow, higher green strength, higher collapse resistance during extrusion of hollow parts, better foamability, faster extrusion rates, faster mixing, lower energy consumption in internal mixers, higher filler loading in the formulated interpolymer, and reduced melt fracture.
- These rheological- based properties are of significant value in calendaring and extrusion applications, such as, for example, in the formation of hoses; foamed, micro-dense and dense profiles; roofing membranes; wire and cable products; and other applications.
- a composition comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML value (at 125 o C) ⁇ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ⁇ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene
- the composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein.
- the first composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein.
- Each component a, b and c may independently comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ⁇ 60, or ⁇ 65, or ⁇ 70, or ⁇ 75, or ⁇ 80, or ⁇ 85, or ⁇ 90, or ⁇ 95.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ⁇ 170, or ⁇ 160, or ⁇ 150, or ⁇ 145, or ⁇ 140, or ⁇ 138, or ⁇ 135.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/- nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ⁇ 150, or ⁇ 145, or ⁇ 140, or ⁇ 138, or ⁇ 136.
- the rheology modified interpolymer is a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated diene interpolymer,” and further a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated diene terpolymer,” further a rheology modified EPDM.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125°C) value ⁇ 8.2, or ⁇ 8.4, or ⁇ 8.6, or ⁇ 8.8, or ⁇ 9.0, or ⁇ 9.2, or ⁇ 9.4, or ⁇ 9.6, or ⁇ 9.8, or ⁇ 10.0 s.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125°C) value ⁇ 25.0, or ⁇ 22.0, or ⁇ 20.0, or ⁇ 19.8, or ⁇ 19.5, or ⁇ 19.2, or ⁇ 19.0, or ⁇ 18.8, or ⁇ 18.5, or ⁇ 18.2, or ⁇ 18.0, or ⁇ 17.8, or ⁇ 17.6, or ⁇ 17.4, or ⁇ 17.2 s.
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ⁇ 8.0, or ⁇ 6.0, or ⁇ 5.0, or ⁇ 4.5, or ⁇ 4.2, or ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 3.5, or ⁇ 3.2, or ⁇ 3.0 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.”
- the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ⁇ 2.8, or ⁇ 2.7, or ⁇ 2.6, or ⁇ 2.5, or ⁇ 2.4 or ⁇ 2.3, or ⁇ 2.2, or ⁇ 2.1, or ⁇ 2.0
- component a is thermally treated under the same conditions used to form the rheology modified
- component b is selected f from one or more polysiloxanes, each containing at least two SiH groups; and further one polysiloxane containing at least two SiH groups.
- the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ⁇ 3.0, or ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 5.0 ppm, based on the weight of component a.
- hydrosilylation agent refers to a compound containing at least two Si-H groups per molecule (for example, a silane or a siloxane), or a polymeric compound containing at least two Si-H groups per polymeric molecule (for example, a polysiloxane), and which compound or polymeric compound can react with an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, in the presence of one or more catalyst(s) (for example, see the Definition section below), to increase the MLRA/ML value of the interpolymer, relative to the unreacted/unmodified interpolymer.
- thermoally treating in reference to a first composition as discussed herein, refers to increasing the temperature of the composition by the application of heat.
- heat may be applied by electrical means (for example, a heating coil) and/or by radiation and/or by hot oil and/or by mechanical shearing.
- the temperature at which the thermal treatment takes place refers to the temperature of the “heat-applying” device.
- extruder configuration refers to one extruder, or the arrangement and number of two or more extruders used in an extrusion process. Typically, two or more extruders are arranged in a series orientation.
- batch mixer refers to a mixer, into which, the ingredients (or components) for one batch are placed, mixed, and discharged, before another batch is introduced; as opposed to continuous mixer.
- static mixer refers to an immobile unit that includes one or more stationary elements, such as, for example, baffles, blades, or elements arranged in a specific pattern, within a pipe or tube. These elements cause the fluid mass to divide and recombine, resulting in increased levels of distribution and mixing in a continuous flow, without the need for any moving parts or an external power source.
- Mooney Viscosity ML 1+4, 125°C
- composition of A] or B] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ⁇ 170, or ⁇ 160, or ⁇ 150, or ⁇ 145, or ⁇ 140, or ⁇ 138, or ⁇ 135.
- composition of any one of A]-D] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” comprises two or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 5 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 10 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 20 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, and wherein each Si atom is, independently, bonded to one, two, three or four carbon(s) of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/non- conjugated polyene interpolymer.”
- the Si amount (Si/1000 C) may be determined using GPC with ICP, neutron activation analysis, NMR, calibration curve(s), X-Ray fluoroscense or a combination thereof.
- composition of any one of A]-H] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125 o C) value ⁇ 25.0, or ⁇ 22.0, or ⁇ 20.0, or ⁇ 19.8, or ⁇ 19.5, or ⁇ 19.2, or ⁇ 19.0, or ⁇ 18.8, or ⁇ 18.5, or ⁇ 18.2, or ⁇ 18.0, or ⁇ 17.8, or ⁇ 17.6, or ⁇ 17.4, or ⁇ 17.2 s.
- MLRA/ML at 125 o C
- composition of any one of A]-M] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ⁇ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ⁇ 850, or ⁇ 820, or ⁇ 800, or ⁇ 780, or ⁇ 750, or ⁇ 720, or ⁇ 700 kPa ⁇ s.
- composition of any one of A]-N] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ⁇ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 4.2, or ⁇ 4.4, or ⁇ 4.6, or ⁇ 4.8, or ⁇ 5.0 kPa ⁇ s.
- composition of any one of A]-O] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ⁇ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ⁇ 9.0, or ⁇ 8.8, or ⁇ 8.6, or ⁇ 8.4, or ⁇ 8.2, or ⁇ 8.0, or ⁇ 7.8, or ⁇ 7.6 kPa ⁇ s.
- composition of any one of A]-P] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Rheology Ratio ( ⁇ 0.1 / ⁇ 100, 125°C) ⁇ 60, or ⁇ 62, or ⁇ 65, or ⁇ 68, or ⁇ 70, or ⁇ 72, or ⁇ 74.
- composition of any one of A]-Q] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Rheology Ratio ( ⁇ 0.1 / ⁇ 100 , 125°C) ⁇ 140, or ⁇ 135, or ⁇ 130, or ⁇ 127, or ⁇ 125.
- composition of any one of A]-R] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA (125°C) ⁇ 600, or ⁇ 700, or ⁇ 800, or ⁇ 900, or ⁇ 1000 and/or ⁇ 3000, or ⁇ 2800, or ⁇ 2600, or ⁇ 2400 MU ⁇ s.
- MLRA 125°C
- V The composition of any one of A]-U] above, wherein the ratio of the “Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) of component a” is ⁇ 1.02, or ⁇ 1.10, or ⁇ 1.15, or ⁇ 1.20 and/or ⁇ 1.80, or ⁇ 1.75, or ⁇ 1.70, or ⁇ 1.65, or ⁇ 1.60.
- component a is thermally treated under the same conditions used to form the rheology modified interpolymer.
- X] The composition of any one of A]-W] above, wherein the ratio of the “rheology ratio ( ⁇ 0.1/ ⁇ 100, 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “rheology ratio ( ⁇ 0.1 / ⁇ 100 , 125°C) of component a” is ⁇ 1.50, or ⁇ 1.55, or ⁇ 1.60, or ⁇ 1.65 and/or ⁇ 2.80, or ⁇ 2.60, or ⁇ 2.50, or ⁇ 2.45, or ⁇ 2.40.
- A2] The composition of any one of A]-Z] above, wherein the ratio of the “complex viscosity ( ⁇ 100 , 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “complex viscosity ( ⁇ 100, 125°C) of component a” is ⁇ 0.92, or ⁇ 0.93, or ⁇ 0.94 and/or ⁇ 1.30, or ⁇ 1.25, or ⁇ 1.20, or ⁇ 1.15, or ⁇ 1.10.
- D2 The composition of C2] above, wherein the at least an additive is present in an amount ⁇ 0.01 wt%, or ⁇ 0.05 wt%, or ⁇ 0.10 wt%, or ⁇ 0.20 wt%, or ⁇ 0.50 wt% and/or ⁇ 20 wt%, or ⁇ 10 wt%, or ⁇ 5.0 wt%, or ⁇ 2.0 wt%, or ⁇ 1.0 wt%, based on the weight of the composition.
- A3] A process to form the composition of any one of A]-G2] above, said process comprising thermally treating the first composition.
- B3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] above, or the process of A3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ⁇ 40, or ⁇ 45, or ⁇ 50, or ⁇ 55, or ⁇ 58 and/or ⁇ 100, or ⁇ 98, or ⁇ 96, or ⁇ 94, or ⁇ 92, or ⁇ 90, or ⁇ 88.
- Mooney Viscosity ML 1+4, 125°C
- C3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3] above, or the process of A3] or B3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an ethylene content ⁇ 40, or ⁇ 42, or ⁇ 44, or ⁇ 46, or ⁇ 48, or ⁇ 50, or ⁇ 52, or ⁇ 54 and/or ⁇ 80, or ⁇ 78, or ⁇ 76, or ⁇ 74, or ⁇ 70 wt%, based on the weight of the interpolymer.
- D3 The composition of any one of A]-G2], B3] or C3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-C3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a polyene content ⁇ 0.5, or ⁇ 1.0, or ⁇ 1.5, or ⁇ 2.0, or ⁇ 2.5, or ⁇ 3.0, or ⁇ 3.5, or ⁇ 3.8, or ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 4.2, or ⁇ 4.4, or ⁇ 4.6, or ⁇ 4.8 and/or ⁇ 10, or ⁇ 9.5, or ⁇ 9.0, or ⁇ 8.8, or ⁇ 8.6 wt%, based on the weight of the interpolymer.
- E3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-D3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-D3] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the interpolymer of component a is a C3-C20 alpha-olefin, further a C 3 -C 10 alpha-olefin, and further propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1- octene, further propylene, 1-butene or 1-octene, further propylene or 1-butene, further propylene.
- G3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-F3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-F3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a MLRA/ML value ⁇ 2.0, or ⁇ 2.2, or ⁇ 2.4, or ⁇ 2.6, or ⁇ 2.8, or ⁇ 2.9 s and/or ⁇ 7.5, or ⁇ 7.0, or ⁇ 6.5, or ⁇ 6.0 or ⁇ 5.5, or ⁇ 5.0, or ⁇ 4.5, or ⁇ 4.0 s.
- H3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-G3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-G3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a complex viscosity ⁇ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ⁇ 200, or ⁇ 220, or ⁇ 230, or ⁇ 240, or ⁇ 250 kPa ⁇ s and/or ⁇ 500, or ⁇ 480, or ⁇ 450, or ⁇ 420, or ⁇ 400, or ⁇ 380, or ⁇ 350 kPa ⁇ s.
- I3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-H3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-H3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a complex viscosity ⁇ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ⁇ 5.0, or ⁇ 5.2, or ⁇ 5.4, or ⁇ 5.6, or ⁇ 5.8, or ⁇ 6.0 kPa ⁇ s and/or ⁇ 9.0, or ⁇ 8.5, or ⁇ 8.0, or ⁇ 7.8, or ⁇ 7.5, or ⁇ 7.2 kPa ⁇ s.
- component a has a weight-average molecular weight / number- average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) ⁇ 2.0, or ⁇ 2.1, or ⁇ 2.2, or ⁇ 2.3 and/or ⁇ 3.5, or ⁇ 3.4, or ⁇ 3.2, or ⁇ 3.0, or ⁇ 2.8.
- Mw/Mn weight-average molecular weight / number- average molecular weight ratio
- M3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-L3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-L3] above, wherein the first composition comprises, as component b, two or more hydrosilylation agents; and further each hydrosilylation agent is independently selected from Structure I, as described above.
- N3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-M3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-M3] above, wherein the first composition comprises, as component b, two hydrosilyla-tion agents; and further each hydrosilylation agent is independently selected from Structure I, as described above.
- component b is selected from one or more polysiloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; further from two polysiloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and further from one polysiloxane comprising at least two SiH groups.
- each polysiloxane has a DP (degree of polymerization) ⁇ 20, or ⁇ 40, or ⁇ 60, or ⁇ 80, or ⁇ 100, or ⁇ 150, or ⁇ 200, or ⁇ 250 and/or ⁇ 10,000 or ⁇ 8,000, or ⁇ 6,000, or ⁇ 4,000, or ⁇ 2,000 or ⁇ 1,000, or ⁇ 800, or ⁇ 600.
- DP corresponds to the number of siloxy groups in the molecule and can be determined by silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR) spectroscopy. The DP is the number-average degree of polymerization.
- R3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-O3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-O3] above, wherein component b is selected from one or more siloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; further from two siloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and and further from one siloxane comprising at least two SiH groups.
- component b is selected from one or more silanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; further from two silanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and further from one silane comprising at least two SiH groups.
- the silane does not contain a siloxane (-Si-O-Si-) linkage.
- T3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-S3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-S3] above, wherein component b is selected from pentamethyldisiloxane, bis(trimethyl- siloxy)methyl-silane, tetramethyldisiloxane, tetramethycyclotetrasiloxane, or a hydride terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane); and further selected from silane agents available from Gelest under the tradename DMS-H03, or from those available from The Dow Chemical Company under the tradenames OFX 5084, DOWSIL 5-02010, MH-1109 or MHX-1107.
- U3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-T3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-T3] above, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ⁇ 3.0, or ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 5.0 ppm, based on the weight of component a.
- V3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-U3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-U3] above, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ⁇ 14, or ⁇ 13, or ⁇ 12 ppm, based on the weight of component a.
- W3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-V3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-V3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ⁇ 350 ppm, or ⁇ 380 ppm, or ⁇ 400 ppm, or ⁇ 600 ppm, or ⁇ 800 ppm, or ⁇ 850 ppm, or ⁇ 900 ppm, or ⁇ 950 ppm, or ⁇ 980 ppm and/or ⁇ 1700 ppm, or ⁇ 1650 ppm, or ⁇ 1600 ppm, or ⁇ 1550 ppm, based on the weight of component a.
- X3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-W3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-W3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ⁇ 0.04 wt%, or ⁇ 0.05 wt%, or ⁇ 0.06 wt%, or ⁇ 0.07 wt%, or ⁇ 0.08 wt%, or ⁇ 0.09 wt%, or ⁇ 0.10 wt% and/or ⁇ 0.17 wt%, or ⁇ 0.16 wt%, or ⁇ 0.15 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition.
- Y3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-X3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-X3] above, wherein component a is present in an amount ⁇ 96.00 wt%, or ⁇ 96.20 wt%, or ⁇ 96.40 wt%, or ⁇ 96.60 wt%, or ⁇ 96.80 wt% and/or ⁇ 100 wt%, or ⁇ 99.95 wt%, or ⁇ 99.92 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition.
- Z3 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-Y3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-Y3] above, wherein the sum of component a and component b is present in an amount ⁇ 99.00 wt%, or ⁇ 99.20 wt%, or ⁇ 99.50 wt%, or ⁇ 99.80 wt% and/or ⁇ 100 wt%, or ⁇ 99.99 wt%, or ⁇ 99.98 wt%, or ⁇ 99.96 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition.
- A4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-Z3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-Z3] above, wherein component c is selected from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium- based catalysts, Lewis acid catalysts, or mixtures thereof; and further from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-based catalysts, or Lewis acid catalysts; and further from Platinum-based catalysts.
- component c is selected from chloroplatinic acid, tris(triphenyl- phosphine) rhodium chloride, complexes of chloroplatinic acid with sym-divinyltetra- methyldisiloxane, dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine) platinum (II), cis-dichloro- bis(acetonitrile) platinum (II), dicarbonyldichloroplatinum (II), platinum chloride and platinum oxide, zero valent platinum metal complexes, iron pentacarbonyl, copper (I) chloride ethylenediamine complexes, bis(tri-phenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or diacetate, or palladium diacetate, C4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B
- D4 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-C4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-C4] above, wherein the component c is present in an amount ⁇ 2.0, or ⁇ 2.5, or ⁇ 2.8, or ⁇ 3.0, or ⁇ 3.2, or ⁇ 3.5, or ⁇ 3.8, or ⁇ 4.0, or ⁇ 4.2, or ⁇ 4.5, or ⁇ 3.7 and/or ⁇ 40, or ⁇ 35, or ⁇ 30, or ⁇ 28, or ⁇ 26, or ⁇ 24, or ⁇ 22, or ⁇ 20 ppm, based on the weight of the first composition.
- a polymer different from component a in one or more features, such as comonomer type; comonomer content; ML (1+4) @ 125°C; MLRA/ML; Complex Viscosity, at 0.1. rad/s, 125°C; Complex Viscosity, at 100 rad/s, 125°C; Rheology Ratio, ⁇ 0.1/ ⁇
- H4 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-G4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-G4] above, wherein the first composition comprises ⁇ 10 ppm, or ⁇ 5.0 ppm, or ⁇ 2.0 ppm, or ⁇ 1.0 ppm, or ⁇ 0.5 ppm, or ⁇ 0.2 ppm, or ⁇ 0.1 ppm of a divinyl siloxane that does not contain one or more SiH groups (for example, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane), based on the weight of the first composition; and further the first composition does not comprise a divinyl siloxane that does not contain one or more SiH groups.
- SiH groups for example, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane
- J4 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-I4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-I4] above, wherein the first composition is not subject to E-beam radiation.
- K4 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in a batch mixer.
- L4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an extruder configura- tion (for example, a twin screw extruder).
- N4 The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an batch mixer or an extruder configuration, and where the first composition is formed by adding a second composition comprising component b, using a side-arm extruder, to a melt stream comprising component a in the batch mixer or the extruder configuration; and further the second composition is added at a location before one or more static mixing elements.
- a composition formed the process of any one of A3]-O4] above.
- B5 An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of A]-G2], B3]-O4] or A5] above.
- Mooney Viscosity and Mooney Relaxation Area (Neat Interpolymer and Rheology Modified Interpolymer) Mooney viscosity was measured using ASTM D1646, with a one minute preheat time and a “four minute” rotor operation time, followed by a two minute relaxation time.
- the instrument was an Alpha Technologies Mooney Viscometer 2000.
- the conditions used for the neat interpolymer samples and for the for the rheology modified interpolymer samples were (ML 1+4 @ 125°C). About a 7-14 gram sample size was used.
- the Mooney Relaxation Area (MLRA) data was obtained from the Mooney viscosity measurement, where the test sample was relaxed after the rotor was stopped.
- the Mooney viscosity test At the end of the Mooney viscosity test, the rotation of the disk was stopped within 0.1 seconds. Collection of relaxation data typically began one second after the rotor was stopped, and continued for at least two minutes after the rotor was stopped.
- the MLRA value reported is the integrated area under the Mooney torque relaxation time curve from 1 second to 120 seconds (MLRA (1’ + 4’ + 2’)).
- the MLRA value indicates the degree of elasticity of a polymer, and can be regarded as a stored energy term. Higher MRLA values indicate that, after the removal of an applied strain, the test sample stores more energy and requires more time to relax (that is, to dissipate the stored energy).
- Polymers with more elasticity typically exhibit higher MLRA values compared to less elastic polymers (for example, those having a less long chain branched structure).
- the MLRA is reported in Mooney Unit - seconds (MU ⁇ s).
- the term “MLRA / ML ratio,” as used herein, is the “Mooney Relaxation Area - to - the Mooney viscosity” ratio, and this notation is an abbreviated form for “MLRA / ML(1 + 4) @ 125°C.”
- the MLRA/ML ratio indicates the degree of melt elasticity of a polymer and is directly proportional to the degree of melt elasticity.
- the MLRA/ML ratio is reported in seconds (s).
- RPA Rubber Process Analyzer
- the sample was placed between two pieces of MYLAR film. A frequency sweep was performed as discussed above. The angular frequency range was from 0.1 rad/s to 100 rad/s.
- the stress response was analyzed in terms of amplitude and phase, from which, the storage shear modulus (G’), loss shear modulus (G”), complex viscosity ( ⁇ *), tan delta (that is a phase angle ⁇ ), and complex shear modulus G* were calculated. Modulus values were reported in kilopascal (kPa), phase angle was reported in degrees, and viscosity was reported in kPa ⁇ s. The properties recorded were complex viscosity ( ⁇ *) at 0.1 rad/s and 100 rad/s and rheology ratio.
- the “rheology ratio” (or “RR”), was calculated as the ratio of the complex viscosity at 0.1 rad/s, and 125°C, to the complex viscosity at 100 rad/s, and 125°C; RR equals ⁇ 0.1 / ⁇ 100 , at 125°C.
- Gel Content The gel content (insoluble fraction) produced by crosslinking, during the rheology modification, was determined by extracting the rheology modified interpolymer with xylene (certified ACS grade, CAS: 1330-20-7), which was purchased from Fisher Scientific.
- the xylene extraction sample holder was prepared by cutting a piece of 120-mesh, stainless steel mesh, measuring approximately 80 mm by 40 mm (3.0 in. by 1.5 in.). The mesh was folded, in half, to form a square measuring approximately 40 mm (1.5 in.) for each side. The two sides of this square were closed to form an open mesh pouch by folding the mesh at the edges and stapling the folds. The open sample holder was weighed to four decimal places (W1).
- the closed mesh pouch was removed from the xylene, and immediately dried in a vacuum oven at 150°C, with a nitrogen flow of approximately 5 PSI, for 12 hours.
- the dried closed pouch was weighed to four decimal places (W4), for a determination of the gel content of the rheology modified interpolymer. Each rheology modified interpolymer was run in duplicate, and the average result was reported as weight percent of gel content (Gel content (wt%)).
- the chromatographic system consists of a PolymerChar GPC-IR (Valencia, Spain) high temperature GPC chromatograph, equipped with an internal IR5 infra-red detector (IR5).
- the autosampler oven compartment is set at 160o Celsius, and the column compart- ment is set at 150o Celsius.
- the columns are four AGILENT “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micron linear mixed-bed columns.
- the chromatographic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, which contained 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
- the solvent source is nitrogen sparged.
- the injection volume is 200 microliters, and the flow rate is 1.0 milliliters/minute.
- Calibration of the GPC column set is performed with 21 narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene standards, with molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8,400,000, and which are arranged in 6 “cocktail” mixtures, with at least a decade of separation between individual molecular weights.
- the standards are purchased from Agilent Technologies.
- the polystyrene standards are prepared at 0.025 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent, for molecular weights equal to, or greater than, 1,000,000, and at 0.05 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent, for molecular weights less than 1,000,000.
- the polystyrene standards are pre-dissolved at 80° Celsius, with gentle agitation, for 30 minutes then cooled, and the room temperature solution is transferred cooled into the autosampler dissolution oven (equilibrated at 160°C) for 30 minutes.
- a fifth order polynomial is used to fit the respective polyethylene equivalent calibration points.
- the total plate count of the GPC column set is performed with decane which was introduced into a blank sample via a micropump controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system.
- the plate count for the chromatographic system should be greater than 18,000 for the four Agilent “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micro linear mixed-bed columns.
- Samples are prepared in a semi-automatic manner with the PolymerChar “Instrument Control” Software, wherein the samples are weight-targeted at 2 mg/ml, and the solvent (contained 200 ppm BHT) was added to a pre nitrogen-sparged, septa-capped vial, via the PolymerChar high temperature autosampler. The samples are dissolved for 3 hours at 160o Celsius under “low speed” shaking.
- Mn (GPC) , Mw (GPC) , and Mz (GPC) are based on GPC results using the internal IR5 detector (measurement channel) of the PolymerChar GPC-IR chromatograph according to Equations 2-4, the PolymerChar GPCOneTM software, the baseline-subtracted IR chromatogram at each equally-spaced data collection point (i), and the polyethylene equivalent molecular weight obtained from the narrow standard calibration curve for the point (i) from Equation 1.
- ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ (EQ 2), 3 ), 4).
- a flowrate marker decane was introduced into each sample, via a micropump controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system.
- This flowrate marker is used to linearly correct the pump flowrate (Flowrate(nominal)) for each sample, by RV alignment of the respective decane peak within the sample (RV(FM Sample)), to that of the decane peak within the narrow standards calibration (RV (FM Calibrated) ). Any changes in the time of the decane marker peak are then assumed to be related to a linear-shift in flowrate (Flowrate(effective)) for the entire run.
- the effective flowrate is calculated from Equation 5. Processing of the flow marker peak was done via the PolymerChar GPCOneTM software. Acceptable flowrate correction is such that the effective flowrate should be within +/-0.5% of the nominal flowrate.
- Flowrate(effective) Flowrate(nominal) * (RV(FM Calibrated) / RV(FM Sample)) (EQ 5).
- EXPERIMENTAL Commercial Polymers and Reagents Commercial polymers and reagents are listed below in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
- Table 1 Commercial EPDM Polymers Mooney (1+4') Ethylene ENB Content, Density (g/cm 3 SAMPLE @ 125 o C, MU Content, wt% wt% (ASTM ) (AS Source (ASTM D1646) (ASTM D3900) D6047) TM D792) NORDEL IP 4785 HM Hydrocarbon 85 68 4.9 0.880 Dow Rubber NORDEL IP 4760 P Hydrocarbon 60 67.5 4.9 0.880 Dow Rubber NORDEL 6565 XFC EPDM 65 55 8.5 0.862 Dow Note, ENGAGE 8180 Polyolefin Elastomer (EG8180, from The Dow Chemical Company (herein “Dow”)) was used in a masterbatch carrier – see Table 4A. Each wt% based on the weight of the EPDM.
- Table 2 Reagents Reagent Chemical Description Hydrosilylation Agent Octyl-functional SiH polysiloxane Polysiloxane 1* 0.8 wt% active H (from SiH), based on the weight of the polysiloxane, Viscosity 9-30cSt (at 25 o C), CAS # 68554-69-8 Reactive organo-platinum complex dispersed in polysiloxane SYL-OFF 4000 Platinum, 1,3-diethenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes Catalyst 1.26 wt% of the organo-platinum complex, based on the weight of the dispersion CAS # 68478-92-2, Liquid Available from Dow Hydrosilylation Agent SiH polysiloxane Polysiloxane 2* 1.31 – 1.52 wt% active H (H from SiH) based on the weight of the polysiloxane, Viscosity 6 cSt (at
- Patent 3,957,713 (see methods for making polyorganohydrogensiloxanes) incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
- Preparation of Rheology Modified Interpolymer Rheology modified interpolymers were prepared from the noted first compositions shown in Tables 3A(1) and 4A below. Batch Mixer Modification – (40 grams) – see Table 3A(1) Samples of the EPDM (40 g) were modified on a RS5000 Batch Mixer from Rheometers Services Inc.. The small bowl, with roller blade rotors, suitable for mixing batches up to 45 g, was used.
- the remaining ingredients in the formulation were loaded into the mixer, as discussed below, at a low speed (5 rpm) for about 1-2 minutes.
- a rotor speed of 50 rpm and a bowl temperature of 200°C were used, unless noted otherwise.
- the mixing was continued for an additional six minutes.
- the batch was collected on a glass reinforced TEFLON sheet, and pressed into a flat ‘patty’ (approximate 0.25” thickness) on a compression molder, a Carver Hydraulic Press (duration of compression 3-5 minutes, pressure approx.20,000 psi, temperature 20-25 o C).
- the flat ‘patty’ was cooled to ambient temperature. Depending on the individual ingredient, different methods of addition to the batch mixer were used. The EPDM pellets or crumb were directly added. The hydrosilylation agent and the catalyst were each weighed on a film formed from the base resin (EPDM), and then rolled by hand (used nitrile gloves) to form a “burrito-shaped” encapsulant.
- the EPDM film had a thickness of approx.1-2 mm, and was prepared by compression molding 20-30 grams of the EPDM, at 100-120°C, at a pressure of approx.20,000 psi, for 3 minutes. A portion of the film (about 3-4 g) was used as the film for the encapsulant.
- the rolled encapsulant was then added to the mixer.
- the amount of EPDM in Table 3A includes the amount of the EPDM used to form the film for the encapsulant.
- Twin Screw Extruder Modification (5 lbs) - see Table 4A Preparation of Masterbatch MB1
- a siloxane masterbatch in pellet form, was made using ENGAGE 8180 as the carrier resin to enable ease of feeding.
- KRATON G1650 was used to first absorb the liquid Polysiloxane 1 in a 1:1 weight ratio.
- the masterbatch composition was ENGAGE 8180 (90 wt%), KRATON G1650 (5 wt%), Polysiloxane 1.
- the components were mixed as follows.
- the ENGAGE 8180 was loaded to a batch mixer and fluxed at a temperature of 40-50°C, after which, the KRATON G1650 - Polysiloxane 1 (dry mix) was added. Mixing was performed at 40 rpm, until the temperature reached 90°C. The batch was then pelletized using a single screw extruder. Preparation of the Rheology Modified Interpolymers The first compositions, as shown in Table 4A, were extruded using a “26 mm,” co- rotating, twin screw extruder (ZSK-26 from Coperion Corp.). The extruder was configured with 15 barrels (60 L/D). The maximum screw speed was 1200 rpm, and the maximum motor output was 40 HP.
- the extruder was equipped with a “loss-in-weight feeder.” All components were added simultaneously to the extruder through the main feed-throat of the extruder. Barrel 1 was water cooled (temp. less than 70°C); Barrels 2-15 were maintained at 210°C. A two-hole die was used to produce strands, which were pulled through a water bath and subsequently were cut into pellets using a strand cutter. A run rate of 4.5 lbs/hr and a screw speed of 150 rpm were used. Results Tables 3A(1).3A(2), 3B, 3C and 3D pertain to the rheology modified interpolymers prepared in the batch mixer.
- the Mooney Viscosity and the rheological properties of each rheology modified interpolymer are shown in Table 3B.
- the gel contents of some of the rheology modified interpolymers are also shown in Table 3B.
- the control, first composition A was not thermally treated, but tested as is.
- Control, first composition B was thermally treated in the batch mixer as discussed above.
- Tables 3C and 3D provide the ratios of some properties of the rheology modified interpolymers, relative to the respective control interpolymers as noted.
- Examples R1 through R9 had significant MLRA/ML values ( ⁇ 9.0 s), indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer.
- Examples R1-R3, R6 and R8 also show low gel levels ( ⁇ 1.93 wt%), indicating that very little gel formation or crosslinking took place during the modification process. It is noted that example RD (no catalyst) and example RE (low amount of SiH) each had low gel levels of 0.59 wt% and 1.17 wt%, respectively, but also had low MLRA/ML values of 3.9 s and 4.5 s, respectively, indicating that little or no LCB formed during the modification process.
- Example RF had a high MLRA/ML value of 22.6 s, but also has a high gel content of 12.4 wt%, indicating that too much crosslinking took place during the rheology modification.
- Tables 4A, 4B and 4C pertain to the rheology modified interpolymers prepared in the twin screw extruder.
- the Mooney Viscosity and the rheological properties of each rheology modified interpolymer are shown in Table 4A.
- the gel contents of some of the rheology modified interpolymers are also shown in Table 4A.
- the control, first compositions G and H were each thermally treated in the extruder as discussed above.
- Tables 4C and 4D provide the ratios of some properties of the rheology modified interpolymers, relative to the respective control interpolymers as noted.
- Examples R11 and R13 had significant MLRA/ML values of 11.8 s and 10.2 s, respectively, indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer. These examples also had low gel levels of 2.0 wt% and 2.3 wt%, respectively, indicating very little gel formation or crosslinking took place during the modification process.
- Example RI no catalyst
- Example RI had a low MLRA/ML values of 3.4 s, indicating that little or no LCB formed during the modification process.
- Examples R10 and R12 also had significant MLRA/ML values of 13.5 s and 10.3 s, respectively indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer.
- B) TT Thermally Treated. *The “ppm” amount of Polysiloxane 1 or Polysiloxane 2, are each based on the weight of the EPDM (component a). **The “ppm” amount of active H (as part of SiH), based on the weight of the EPDM (component a). ***E-beam at 0.7 MRad. B) The “ppm” amount of Pt complex based on the weight of the first composition.
- the [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a] [(8.5 g ENB / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole ENB / 120.195 g ENB)].
- the ENB is in polymerized form.
- D) For Polysiloxane 1, the [g siloxane per 100 g Comp. a] [(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100].
- the [g siloxane per 100 g comp. a] [(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100].
- Table 3B Rheology Modified Interpolymers (Batch Mixer) First Comp.
- a B -TT C D 1 2 3 E F 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rhel. Mod.
- Table 3C Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Controls A (control) Ratio* R1 R2 R3 RD RE RF ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 ML(R_) / ML(RA) 1.52 1.34 1.31 0.94 1.08 1.79 MLRA/ML, s 3.1 [MLRA/ML of R_] / [MLRA/ML of RA] 5.45 3.06 2.90 1.26 1.45 7.29 MLRA, MU ⁇ s 267 [MLRA of R_] / [MLRA of RA] 8.29 4.09 3.81 1.18 1.57 13.0 Complex Viscosity, @ [Complex Visc.
- Table 3D Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Control A (control) Ratio* R6 R7 R8 R9 ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 ML(R_) / ML(RA) 1.21 1.37 1.58 1.48 MLRA/ML, s 3.1 [MLRA/ML of R_] / [MLRA/ML of RA] 4.23 5.26 5.45 4.61 MLRA, MU ⁇ s 267 [MLRA of R_] / [MLRA of RA] 5.10 7.20 8.61 6.80 Complex Viscosity, @ 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, kPa ⁇ s 304 [Complex Visc.
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Abstract
A composition comprising a "rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer" that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≥ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ≤ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the "rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;" and wherein the "rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer" is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) can ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst.
Description
RHEOLOGY MODIFIED ETHYLENE/ALPHA-OLEFIN/NONCONJUGATED POLYENE INTERPOLYMERS USING HYDROSILYLATION AGENTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There is a need for ethylene/alpha-olefin/polyene interpolymers with high levels of long chain branching (LCB), and without significant crosslinking, as indicated by high MLRA/ML values and very low gel values, respectively. There is a further need for such interpolymers with high molecular weight as indicated by Mooney Viscosity (for example, ML (1+4, 125°C) ≥ 60). Such interpolymers should improve calendaring and extrusion applications due to their reduction in melt fracture and their increase in elasticity, shear thinning, and collapse resistance during the extrusion of hollow parts. U.S. Patent 4,803,244 discloses a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising admixing, under reaction conditions, an unsaturated elastomer containing carbon-carbon double bond (C=C); an essentially saturated thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer; a multifunctional organosilicon compound containing an average of at least two Si-H groups per molecule; and a catalyst capable of hydrosilylating the carbon-carbon double bonds of the unsaturated elastomer. See abstract. This reference aims for a process that is selective for crosslinking the elastomeric phase, and avoids crosslinking the thermoplastic phase, avoids generating low molecular weight species, and avoids other drawbacks (see column 1, lines 13-58). The amount of multifunctional organosilicon compound can be, in general, in the range of about 0.01 mole equivalent to about 5 mole equivalents Si-H/C=C, and preferable about 0.25 to about 2 mole equivalents Si-H/C=C of the elastomer (see column 3, lines 46-51). JP2001098076A (machine translation and JP version) discloses a resin modifier that, when added to, or compounded with, a resin, can give excellent impact resistance or slidability, thereto, without causing any bleeding problem. This modifier is obtained by hydrosilylating an ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer, containing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene as a comonomer, with a silicon compound having at least one Si-H group in the molecule. In a preferred embodiment, the above “Si-H-group-containing compound” is an organohydrogensiloxane having the average compositional formula: HaRbSiO(4-a-b)/2 (wherein R is a 1-12C monovalent hydrocarbon group or a 1-6C alkoxyl; 0.001 ≤ a ≤ 2; 0 ≤ b ≤ 3; and 1.00 ≤ a+b ≤ 3.00). See abstract. See also the embedded images and paragraphs [0024] and [0025].
International Publication WO2020/263681 discloses a process that exposes a neat (reactor produced unmodified EPDM) terpolymer to an electron beam radiation, at a dosage from 0.2 MRad to 1.3 MRad, to form a branched ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (b-terpolymer) having a Mooney viscosity ML (1 +4) at 125°C from 25 MU to 135 MU. The neat ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (n-terpolymer) has a Mooney viscosity (ML (1 +4) at l25°C) less than 100 Mooney units (MU). See abstract and claim 1. U.S. Publication 2014/0051809 discloses highly branched compositions including: (i) from about 96 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of a metallocene catalyzed ethylene propylene diene derived units; and (ii) from about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt % of multifunctional monomer derived units, and wherein the highly branched composition has: (a) a Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) at 125°C of about 30 to 100 MU, (b) a Mooney relaxation area MLRA of about 100 to about 1000, (c) a branching index, g’(vis) of less than about 0.9, (d) a phase angle, δ, of less than about 55 degrees at a complex modulus of 10 kPa, measured at 190°C, and (e) a degree of shear thinning greater than about 0.95, measured at 190°C. See abstract. Suitable multifunctional monomers include one or more vinyl compounds, allylic compounds, acrylate compounds, or combinations thereof (see paragraph [0155]). Suitable vinyl compounds include 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (DVTU); 2.5-norbornadiene; divinylphenylphosphine; divinyl sulfone; divinyl sulfoxide; 1-3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane; 1.2-polybutadiene; divinyl benzene; and combinations thereof (see paragraph [0156]). International Publication WO2022/115410 discloses a process of providing an ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated polyene terpolymer (EPDM) having at least 3.5 wt% non- conjugated polyene, and reacting the EPDM with a metal-Lewis acid, and forming a rheology-modified EPDM. The rheology-modified EPDM has (i) a z average molecular weight (Mz) from greater than 500,000 g/mole to 10,000,000 g/mole, (ii) a Mz/Mw from 3 to 10, (iii) a g value from 0.4 to 1.0, (iv) a z value from 1.0 to 3.5, (v) a Mooney viscosity from 50 to 150, and (vi) a tan delta value from 0.1 to less than 1.0. See abstract. Additional polymers and/or compositions are disclosed in the following references: US 8011913, US 5936028 US 3957713, US 2009/0221753, WO2020/263677, WO1998/038226, EP0776937A2 and EP1072644A1. However, as discussed above, there remains a need for ethylene/alpha-olefin/polyene interpolymers with high levels of long chain branching (LCB), and without significant crosslinking, as indicated by high MLRA/ML values and very low gel values, respectively. There is a further need for such interpolymers with high molecular weight as indicated by
Mooney Viscosity. These needs have been met as discussed below. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A composition comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≥ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ≤ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst. DETAILED DRESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has been discovered that an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer can be rheology modified, using one or more hydrosilylation agents, to form a modified interpolymer having an overall increase in rheological properties (such as low-shear viscosity, Mooney viscosity, and MLRA/ML), relative to the unmodified interpolymer, and having minimal gel formation or crosslinking. This rheology modification allows for the formation of long chain branching (LCB) within the interpolymer, which results in an interpolymer having a significantly increased elasticity and increased shear thinning behavior, relative to the unmodified interpolymer. Additional benefits of a high “LCB content” interpolymer (versus a more linear interpolymer) are reduced cold flow, higher green strength, higher collapse resistance during extrusion of hollow parts, better foamability, faster extrusion rates, faster mixing, lower energy consumption in internal mixers, higher filler loading in the formulated interpolymer, and reduced melt fracture. These rheological- based properties are of significant value in calendaring and extrusion applications, such as, for example, in the formation of hoses; foamed, micro-dense and dense profiles; roofing membranes; wire and cable products; and other applications. Also, high LCB and high Mooney (MV ≥ 60) modified interpolymers can be produced, post-reactor, without the need for oil extension, often used for production of high molecular weight interpolymers. It has been discovered that a post-reactor chemical modification can be used to form a rheology modified interpolymer. For example, by using small amounts of a polysiloxane, containing multiple reactive silicone hydride (SiH) groups (a hydrosilylation agent), in
combination with a suitable catalyst, and performing a hydrosilylation reaction, it was possible to introduce long chain branching (LCB) in the interpolymer, without forming significant crosslinking as indicated by gel formation. The modified interpolymers, thus made, had exceptional elasticity, high viscosity and shear thinning behavior, and minimal color and odor. An example of this chemical modification is shown in Scheme A below. x y z
As discussed above, a composition is provided comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML value (at 125oC) ≥ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ≤ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst. The composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein. The “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein. The first composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein. Each component a, b and c may independently comprise a combination of two or more embodiments, as described herein. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≥ 60, or ≥ 65, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 75, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 85, or ≥ 90, or ≥ 95. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene
interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≤ 170, or ≤ 160, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 138, or ≤ 135. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/- nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 138, or ≤ 136. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the rheology modified interpolymer is a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated diene interpolymer,” and further a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated diene terpolymer,” further a rheology modified EPDM. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125°C) value ≥ 8.2, or ≥ 8.4, or ≥ 8.6, or ≥ 8.8, or ≥ 9.0, or ≥ 9.2, or ≥ 9.4, or ≥ 9.6, or ≥ 9.8, or ≥ 10.0 s. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125°C) value ≤ 25.0, or ≤ 22.0, or ≤ 20.0, or ≤ 19.8, or ≤ 19.5, or ≤ 19.2, or ≤ 19.0, or ≤ 18.8, or ≤ 18.5, or ≤ 18.2, or ≤ 18.0, or ≤ 17.8, or ≤ 17.6, or ≤ 17.4, or ≤ 17.2 s. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≤ 8.0, or ≤ 6.0, or ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.5, or ≤ 4.2, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.5, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.0 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≤ 2.8, or ≤ 2.7, or ≤ 2.6, or ≤ 2.5, or ≤ 2.4 or ≤ 2.3, or ≤ 2.2, or ≤ 2.1, or ≤ 2.0, or ≤ 1.9, or ≤ 1.8 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≥ 0, or ≥ 0.05, or ≥ 0.1 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 400, or ≥ 450, or ≥ 500, or ≥ 550, or ≥ 600 kPa·s. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described
herein, the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≤ 850, or ≤ 820, or ≤ 800, or ≤ 780, or ≤ 750, or ≤ 720, or ≤ 700 kPa·s. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the ratio of the “Gel content (wt%) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Gel content (wt%) of component a as thermally treated” is ≥ 0, or ≥ 0.20, or ≥ 0.40, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.80, or ≥ 0.90, or ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1, or ≥ 1.2 and/or ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.8, or ≤ 4.6, or ≤ 4.4, or ≤ 4.2, or ≤ 4.0. Here, component a is thermally treated under the same conditions used to form the rheology modified In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component b is selected f from one or more polysiloxanes, each containing at least two SiH groups; and further one polysiloxane containing at least two SiH groups. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≥ 3.0, or ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 5.0 ppm, based on the weight of component a. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≤ 14, or ≤ 13, or ≤ 12 ppm, based on the weight of component a. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component c is selected from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-based catalysts, Lewis acid catalysts, or mixtures thereof; and further from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-based catalysts or Lewis acid catalysts; and further from Platinum-based catalysts In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, component c is present in an amount ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.5, or ≥ 2.8, or ≥ 3.0, or ≥ 3.2, or ≥ 3.5, or ≥ 3.8, or ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 4.2, or ≥ 4.5, or ≥ 3.7 and/or ≤ 40, or ≤ 35, or ≤ 30, or ≤ 28, or ≤ 26, or ≤ 24, or ≤ 22, or ≤ 20 ppm, based on the weight of the first composition. Also provided is a process to form the composition of one or more embodiments as described herein, where said process comprising thermally treating the first composition. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the first composition is thermally treated in a batch mixer. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the first composition is thermally treated in an extruder configuration (for example a twin screw extruder).
In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the first composition is thermally treated in static mixer in conjunction with a pumping device (for example a gear pump). In one embodiment or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the first composition is thermally treated in an batch mixer or an extruder configuration, and where the first composition is formed by adding a second composition comprising component b, using a side-arm extruder, to a melt stream comprising component a in the batch mixer or the extruder configuration; and further the second composition is added at a location before one or more static mixing elements. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the first composition is thermally treated at a temperature ≥ 150°C, or ≥ 160°C, or ≥ 170°C, or ≥ 175°C, or ≥ 180°C, or ≥ 185°C, or ≥ 190°C, and/or at a temperature ≤ 230°C, or ≤ 225°C, or ≤ 220°C, or ≤ 215°C, or ≤ 210°C, or ≤ 205°C, or ≤ 200°C. Also provided is a composition formed from the process of one or more embodiments as described herein. Also provided is an article comprising at least one component formed from a composition of one or more embodiments as described herein. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the article is a foam, or a film, and further a foam. In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the article is, a wire, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a profile (for example, a dense, micro-dense and/or foamed profile), a tire, a tube/hose, or a roofing membrane; and further a footwear component, an automotive part, a profile (for example, a dense, micro-dense and/or foamed profile), a tire, a tube/hose, or a roofing membrane. Component a The ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymers, as described herein, comprises, in polymerized form, ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and a nonconjugated polyene. The alpha-olefin may be either an aliphatic or an aromatic compound. Alpha-olefins include, but are not limited to, C3-C20 alpha-olefins, further C3-C10 alpha-olefins, further C3-C8 alpha-olefins. In one embodiment, the interpolymer is an ethylene/propylene/nonconjugated diene interpolymer, further an EPDM. Suitable examples of nonconjugated polyenes include the C4-C40 nonconjugated dienes. Nonconjugated dienes include, but are not limited to, 5- ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-
hexadiene, or 7-methyl-l,6-octadiene, and further ENB, VNB, dicyclopentadiene or 1,4- hexadiene, and further ENB or VNB, and further ENB. Component b The term “hydrosilylation agent,” as used herein, refers to a compound containing at least two Si-H groups per molecule (for example, a silane or a siloxane), or a polymeric compound containing at least two Si-H groups per polymeric molecule (for example, a polysiloxane), and which compound or polymeric compound can react with an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, in the presence of one or more catalyst(s) (for example, see the Definition section below), to increase the MLRA/ML value of the interpolymer, relative to the unreacted/unmodified interpolymer. The amount of active hydrogen (wt% H, associated with SiH) can be determined using one or more of the following techniques: Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR), Attenuated Total Reflection – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), 29Si NMR, and calibration curve(s) for the hydrosilylation agent of interest. In one embodiment, the hydrosilylation agent is selected from compounds of Structure I below (see US Patent 5,936,028 (col.3, line 17, to col.4, line 21), incorporated herein by reference): (Structure I), where each R (at each
an alkyl, a cycloalkyl or an aryl; and further each R is independently an alkyl; and further an alkyl comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and further each R is methyl. Each R’ (at each occurrence) is independently selected from H, an alkyl, or an alkoxy. Each R” (at each occurrence) is independently selected from R or H. D represents the following . D’ represents the following
group: . T represents the following .
Also, m is an integer from 1 to 50; n is an integer from 1 to 50; and p is an integer from 0 to 6. In one embodiment the hydrosilylation agent is bound by heteroatoms/atoms having lone pairs of electrons. In one embodiment the hydrosilylation agent is functionalized (see, for example U.S.4,046,930, incorporated herein by reference). See also U.S. Patent 3,957,713, incorporated herein by reference, for methods for making polyorganohydrogen- siloxanes, including those that have methyl and octyl groups. In one embodiment, the hydrosilylation agent is selected from methylhydrogen polysiloxanes, methylhydrogen dimethylsiloxane copolymers, alkyl methyl polysiloxanes, bis(dimethylsilyl)alkanes, or bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene. DEFINITIONS Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight, and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure. The term "composition," as used herein, includes a mixture of materials, which comprise the composition, as well as reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition. Any reaction product or decomposition product is typically present in trace or residual amounts. The term "polymer," as used herein, refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or a different type. The generic term polymer includes the term homopolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities can be incorporated into the polymer structure), and the term interpolymer as defined hereinafter. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, can be incorporated into and/or within the polymer. Typically, a polymer is stabilized with very low amounts (“ppm” amounts) of one or more stabilizers. The term "interpolymer," as used herein, refers to a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. The term interpolymer thus includes the term copolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers. The term “olefin-based polymer,” as used herein, refers to a polymer that comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt% or a majority weight percent of an olefin, such as, for example, ethylene or propylene (based on the weight of the polymer), and optionally may comprise one
or more comonomers. The term "ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer," as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and a nonconjugated polyene. In one embodiment, the "ethylene/alpha-olefin/non-conjugated polyene interpolymer," comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt% or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the interpolymer). The term "ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated diene interpolymer," as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and a nonconjugated diene. In one embodiment, the "ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated diene interpolymer," comprises, in polymerized form, 50 wt% or a majority weight percent of ethylene (based on the weight of the interpolymer). Note, the terms ”ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene terpolymer” and “ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated diene terpolymer” are similarly defined; however, for each, the terpolymer comprises, in polymerized form, ethylene, the alpha-olefin and the polyene (or diene) as the only three monomer types. The phrase “a majority weight percent,” as used herein, in reference to a polymer (or interpolymer, or terpolymer or copolymer), refers to the amount of monomer present in the greatest amount in the polymer. The term “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer,” as used herein, refers to an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer that has been reacted with a composition comprising at least one hydrosilylation agent, and at least one catalyst (for example, see below), to increase the MLRA/ML value of the interpolymer, relative to the unreactive interpolymer. The term “catalyst,” as used herein, refers to a metal, compound or complex, capable of catalytic function – promotes and/or accelerates the hydrosilylation reaction between the hydrosilylation agent(s) and the ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer. See, for example, US 5,936,028 (col.5, line 60, to col.6, line 46), incorporated herein by reference. Some catalysts may contain palladium, rhodium, platinum and the like, including complexes of these metals. The term “Platinum-based catalyst,” as used herein, refers to Pt, or a molecule or a complex, each containing one or more platinum atom(s), and which molecule has catalytic function – promotes and/or accelerates the hydrosilylation reaction between the hydrosilylation agent(s) and the ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer. Some examples of Platinum-based catalysts include chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, complexes of chloroplatinic acid with sym-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane,
dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine) platinum (II), cis-dichloro-bis(acetonitrile) platinum (II), dicarbonyldichloroplatinum (II), platinum chloride and platinum oxide, and zero valent platinum metal complexes. In one embodiment, the catalyst is a Karstedt's catalyst (for example, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane platinum(0)) or a Speier’s catalyst (for example, dihydrogenhexachloroplatinate (H2PtCl6)). The term “Rhodium-based catalyst,” as used herein, refers to Rh, or a molecule or a complex, each containing one or more rhodium atom(s), and which molecule has catalytic function – promotes and/or accelerates the hydrosilylation reaction between the hydrosilylation agent(s) and the ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer. The term “Lewis acid,” as used herein, refers to a metal-based Lewis acid that acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate (or donor compound), for example, by forming a complex with lone-pair bearing atom(s) to activate the substrate (or donor compound) toward nucleophilic attack. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on metals, such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as titanium, zirconium, iron, copper and zinc. Some examples of these catalysts include, but are not limited to, TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The terms “thermally treating,” “thermally treated,” “thermal treatment,” and similar terms, as used herein, in reference to a first composition as discussed herein, refer to increasing the temperature of the composition by the application of heat. As an example, heat may be applied by electrical means (for example, a heating coil) and/or by radiation and/or by hot oil and/or by mechanical shearing. Note, the temperature at which the thermal treatment takes place, refers to the temperature of the “heat-applying” device. The term “extruder configuration,” as used herein, refers to one extruder, or the arrangement and number of two or more extruders used in an extrusion process. Typically, two or more extruders are arranged in a series orientation. The term “batch mixer,” as used herein, refers to a mixer, into which, the ingredients (or components) for one batch are placed, mixed, and discharged, before another batch is introduced; as opposed to continuous mixer. The term “static mixer,” as used herein, refers to an immobile unit that includes one or more stationary elements, such as, for example, baffles, blades, or elements arranged in a specific pattern, within a pipe or tube. These elements cause the fluid mass to divide and recombine, resulting in increased levels of distribution and mixing in a continuous flow, without the need for any moving parts or an external power source. The term “side arm extruder,” as used herein, refers to an extruder, for example, a
single screw extruder, that is use to melt, and pump, for example, the hydrosilylation agent(s), typically in a masterbatch form, into a melt stream comprising the unmodified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer (plus other optional components), and typically the masterbatch is added to the melt stream at a location before one or more static mixing elements. The term “melt stream,” as used herein, refers to a composition comprising a polymer, and where the composition is in the form of a flowing melt. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and their derivatives, are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional component, step or procedure, regardless of whether the same is specifically disclosed. In order to avoid any doubt, all compositions claimed through use of the term "comprising" may include, for example, any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, whether polymeric or otherwise, unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term "consisting essentially of" excludes from the scope of any succeeding recitation any other component, step or procedure, excepting those that are not essential to operability. The term "consisting of" excludes any component, step or procedure, not specifically delineated or listed. Listing of Some Compositions and Processes A] A composition comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≥ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ≤ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst. B] The composition of A] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≥ 60, or ≥ 65, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 75, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 85, or ≥ 90, or ≥ 95. C] The composition of A] or B] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≤ 170, or ≤ 160, or ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 138, or ≤ 135. D] The composition of any one of A]-C] (A] through C]) above, wherein the “rheology
modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≤ 150, or ≤ 145, or ≤ 140, or ≤ 138, or ≤ 136. E] The composition of any one of A]-D] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” comprises two or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 5 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 10 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, further 20 or more Si atoms per 1000 C, and wherein each Si atom is, independently, bonded to one, two, three or four carbon(s) of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/non- conjugated polyene interpolymer.” The Si amount (Si/1000 C) may be determined using GPC with ICP, neutron activation analysis, NMR, calibration curve(s), X-Ray fluoroscense or a combination thereof. F] The composition of any one of A]-E] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is a C3-C20 alpha- olefin, further a C3-C10 alpha-olefin, and further propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, further propylene, 1-butene or 1-octene, further propylene or 1-butene, further propylene. G] The composition of any one of A]-F] above, wherein the rheology modified interpolymer is a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated diene interpolymer,” and further a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated diene terpolymer,” further a rheology modified EPDM (as used herein, ethylene/propylene/- nonconjugated diene terpolymer). H] The composition of any one of A]-G] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≥ 8.2, or ≥ 8.4, or ≥ 8.6, or ≥ 8.8, or ≥ 9.0, or ≥ 9.2, or ≥ 9.4, or ≥ 9.6, or ≥ 9.8, or ≥ 10.0 s. I] The composition of any one of A]-H] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≤ 25.0, or ≤ 22.0, or ≤ 20.0, or ≤ 19.8, or ≤ 19.5, or ≤ 19.2, or ≤ 19.0, or ≤ 18.8, or ≤ 18.5, or ≤ 18.2, or ≤ 18.0, or ≤ 17.8, or ≤ 17.6, or ≤ 17.4, or ≤ 17.2 s. J] The composition of any one of A]-I] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≤ 8.0, or ≤ 6.0, or ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.5, or ≤ 4.2, or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.5, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.0 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” K] The composition of any one of A]-J] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≤ 2.8, or ≤ 2.7, or ≤ 2.6, or ≤ 2.5, or ≤ 2.4 or ≤ 2.3, or ≤ 2.2, or ≤ 2.1, or ≤ 2.0, or ≤ 1.9, or ≤ 1.8 wt%, based
on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” L] The composition of any one of A]-K] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≥ 0, or ≥ 0.05, or ≥ 0.1 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” M] The composition of any one of A]-L] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 400, or ≥ 450, or ≥ 500, or ≥ 550, or ≥ 600 kPa·s. N] The composition of any one of A]-M] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≤ 850, or ≤ 820, or ≤ 800, or ≤ 780, or ≤ 750, or ≤ 720, or ≤ 700 kPa·s. O] The composition of any one of A]-N] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 4.2, or ≥ 4.4, or ≥ 4.6, or ≥ 4.8, or ≥ 5.0 kPa·s. P] The composition of any one of A]-O] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ≤ 9.0, or ≤ 8.8, or ≤ 8.6, or ≤ 8.4, or ≤ 8.2, or ≤ 8.0, or ≤ 7.8, or ≤ 7.6 kPa·s. Q] The composition of any one of A]-P] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Rheology Ratio (ƞ0.1/ ƞ100, 125°C) ≥ 60, or ≥ 62, or ≥ 65, or ≥ 68, or ≥ 70, or ≥ 72, or ≥ 74. R] The composition of any one of A]-Q] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Rheology Ratio (ƞ0.1/ ƞ100, 125°C) ≤ 140, or ≤ 135, or ≤ 130, or ≤ 127, or ≤ 125. S] The composition of any one of A]-R] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA (125°C) ≤ 600, or ≤ 700, or ≥ 800, or ≥ 900, or ≥ 1000 and/or ≤ 3000, or ≤ 2800, or ≤ 2600, or ≤ 2400 MU·s. T] The composition of any one of A]-S] above, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a “weight-average molecular weight / number-average molecular weight” ratio (Mw/Mn) or molecular weight distribution (MWD = Mw/Mn) ≥ 2.3, or ≥ 2.4, or ≥ 2.5, or ≥ 2.6 and/or ≤ 4.0, or ≤ 3.8, or ≤ 3.6, or ≤ 3.4. U] The composition of any one of A]-T] above, wherein the composition comprises a second “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that
is different from the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” in one or more properties selected from ML (1+4 at 125°C); MLRA/ML (1+4 at 125°C); Complex Viscosity, at 0.1 rad/s, 125°C; Complex Viscosity, at 100 rad/s, 125°C; Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C; Gel content (wt%); or any combination thereof. V] The composition of any one of A]-U] above, wherein the ratio of the “Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) of component a” is ≥ 1.02, or ≥ 1.10, or ≥ 1.15, or ≥ 1.20 and/or ≤ 1.80, or ≤ 1.75, or ≤ 1.70, or ≤ 1.65, or ≤ 1.60. W] The composition of any one of A]-V] above, wherein the ratio of the “Gel content (wt) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Gel content (wt%) of component a as thermally treated” is ≥ 0, or ≥ 0.20, or ≥ 0.40, or ≥ 0.60, or ≥ 0.70, or ≥ 0.80, or ≥ 0.90, or ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.1, or ≥ 1.2 and/or ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.8, or ≤ 4.6, or ≤ 4.4, or ≤ 4.2, or ≤ 4.0. Here, component a is thermally treated under the same conditions used to form the rheology modified interpolymer. X] The composition of any one of A]-W] above, wherein the ratio of the “rheology ratio (ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “rheology ratio (ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C) of component a” is ≥ 1.50, or ≥ 1.55, or ≥ 1.60, or ≥ 1.65 and/or ≤ 2.80, or ≤ 2.60, or ≤ 2.50, or ≤ 2.45, or ≤ 2.40. Y] The composition of any one of A]-X] above, wherein the ratio of the “Complex Viscosity, at 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Complex Viscosity, at 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, of component a” is ≥ 1.50, or ≥ 155, or ≥ 1.60, or ≥ 1.65, or ≥ 1.70, or ≥ 1.75, or ≥ 1.80 and/or ≤ 2.50, or ≤ 2.45, or ≤ 2.40, or ≤ 2.35, or ≤ 2.30, or ≤ 2.28, or ≤ 2.27. Z] The composition of any one of A]-Y] above, wherein the ratio of the “MLRA/ML (125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “MLRA/ML (125°C) of component a” is ≥ 2.00, or ≥ 2.20, or ≥ 2.40, or ≥ 2.60, or ≥ 2.80, or ≥ 2.90 and/or ≤ 6.00, or ≤ 5.80, or ≤ 5.70, or ≤ 5.60, or ≤ 5.55, or ≤ 5.50. A2] The composition of any one of A]-Z] above, wherein the ratio of the “complex viscosity (ƞ100, 125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “complex viscosity (ƞ100, 125°C) of component a” is ≥ 0.92, or ≥ 0.93, or ≥ 0.94 and/or ≤ 1.30, or ≤ 1.25, or ≤ 1.20, or ≤ 1.15, or ≤ 1.10. B2] The composition of any one of A]-A2] above, wherein the ratio of the “MLRA (125°C) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene
interpolymer” to the “MLRA (125°C) of component a” is ≥ 2.00, or ≥ 2.50, or ≥ 3.00, or ≥ 3.50, or ≥ 4.00 and/or ≤ 9.40, or ≤ 9.20, or ≤ 9.00, or ≤ 8.80. C2] The composition of any one of A]-B2] above, wherein the composition further comprises at least an additive; and further the at least an additive is selected from fillers, pigments, UV stabilizers, anti-oxidants, processing aids, or combinations thereof, and further from UV stabilizers, anti-oxidants or combinations thereof. D2] The composition of C2] above, wherein the at least an additive is present in an amount ≥ 0.01 wt%, or ≥ 0.05 wt%, or ≥ 0.10 wt%, or ≥ 0.20 wt%, or ≥ 0.50 wt% and/or ≤ 20 wt%, or ≤ 10 wt%, or ≤ 5.0 wt%, or ≤ 2.0 wt%, or ≤ 1.0 wt%, based on the weight of the composition. E2] The composition of any one of A]-D2] above, wherein “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a density ≥ 0.850, or ≥ 0.852, or ≥ 0.854, or ≥ 0.856, or ≥ 0.858, or ≥ 0.860, or ≥ 0.862, or ≥ 0.864, or ≥ 0.866, or ≥ 0.868 g/cc and/or ≤ 0.890, or ≤ 0.885, or ≤ 0.880, or ≤ 0.875 g/cc (1 cc = 1 cm3). Density is determined according to ASTM D792. F2] The composition of any one of A]-E2] above, wherein the polyene of the of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is selected from 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, or 7-methyl-l,6-octadiene, and further ENB, VNB, dicyclopentadiene or 1,4- hexadiene, and further ENB or VNB, and further ENB. G2] The composition of any one of A]-F2] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated. A3] A process to form the composition of any one of A]-G2] above, said process comprising thermally treating the first composition. B3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] above, or the process of A3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≥ 40, or ≥ 45, or ≥ 50, or ≥ 55, or ≥ 58 and/or ≤ 100, or ≤ 98, or ≤ 96, or ≤ 94, or ≤ 92, or ≤ 90, or ≤ 88. C3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3] above, or the process of A3] or B3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an ethylene content ≥ 40, or ≥ 42, or ≥ 44, or ≥ 46, or ≥ 48, or ≥ 50, or ≥ 52, or ≥ 54 and/or ≤ 80, or ≤ 78, or ≤ 76, or ≤ 74, or ≤ 70 wt%, based on the weight of the interpolymer. D3] The composition of any one of A]-G2], B3] or C3] above, or the process of any one of
A3]-C3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a polyene content ≥ 0.5, or ≥ 1.0, or ≥ 1.5, or ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.5, or ≥ 3.0, or ≥ 3.5, or ≥ 3.8, or ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 4.2, or ≥ 4.4, or ≥ 4.6, or ≥ 4.8 and/or ≤ 10, or ≤ 9.5, or ≤ 9.0, or ≤ 8.8, or ≤ 8.6 wt%, based on the weight of the interpolymer. E3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-D3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-D3] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the interpolymer of component a is a C3-C20 alpha-olefin, further a C3-C10 alpha-olefin, and further propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1- octene, further propylene, 1-butene or 1-octene, further propylene or 1-butene, further propylene. F3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-E3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-E3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a is an ethylene/alpha-olefin/non- conjugated diene interpolymer, and further an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated diene terpolymer, further an EPDM. G3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-F3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-F3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a MLRA/ML value ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.2, or ≥ 2.4, or ≥ 2.6, or ≥ 2.8, or ≥ 2.9 s and/or ≤ 7.5, or ≤ 7.0, or ≤ 6.5, or ≤ 6.0 or ≤ 5.5, or ≤ 5.0, or ≤ 4.5, or ≤ 4.0 s. H3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-G3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-G3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 200, or ≥ 220, or ≥ 230, or ≥ 240, or ≥ 250 kPa·s and/or ≤ 500, or ≤ 480, or ≤ 450, or ≤ 420, or ≤ 400, or ≤ 380, or ≤ 350 kPa·s. I3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-H3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-H3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a complex viscosity ƞ at 100 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 5.0, or ≥ 5.2, or ≥ 5.4, or ≥ 5.6, or ≥ 5.8, or ≥ 6.0 kPa·s and/or ≤ 9.0, or ≤ 8.5, or ≤ 8.0, or ≤ 7.8, or ≤ 7.5, or ≤ 7.2 kPa·s. J3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-I3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-I3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a Rheology Ratio (ƞ0.1/ ƞ100, 125°C) ≥ 34, or ≥ 36, or ≥ 38, or ≥ 40, or ≥ 42 and/or ≤ 78, or ≤ 75, or ≤ 72, or ≤ 70, or ≤ 68, or ≤ 65, or ≤ 62, or ≤ 60, or ≤ 58, or ≤ 55, or ≤ 52, or ≤ 50, or ≤ 48. K3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J3] above, wherein component a has a density ≥ 0.850, or ≥ 0.852, or ≥ 0.854, or ≥ 0.856, or ≥ 0.858, or ≥ 0.860, or ≥ 0.862, or ≥ 0.864, or ≥ 0.866, or ≥ 0.868 g/cc and/or ≤
0.890, or ≤ 0.885, or ≤ 0.880, or ≤ 0.875 g/cc (1 cc = 1 cm3). Density is determined according to ASTM D792. L3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-K3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-K3] above, wherein component a has a weight-average molecular weight / number- average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.1, or ≥ 2.2, or ≥ 2.3 and/or ≤ 3.5, or ≤ 3.4, or ≤ 3.2, or ≤ 3.0, or ≤ 2.8. M3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-L3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-L3] above, wherein the first composition comprises, as component b, two or more hydrosilylation agents; and further each hydrosilylation agent is independently selected from Structure I, as described above. N3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-M3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-M3] above, wherein the first composition comprises, as component b, two hydrosilyla-tion agents; and further each hydrosilylation agent is independently selected from Structure I, as described above. O3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-L3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-L3] above, wherein the first composition comprises, as component b, one hydrosily- lation agent; and further the hydrosilylation agent is selected from Structure I, as described above. P3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-O3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-O3] above, wherein component b is selected from one or more polysiloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; further from two polysiloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and further from one polysiloxane comprising at least two SiH groups. Q3] The composition of P3] above, or the process of P3] above, wherein each polysiloxane has a DP (degree of polymerization) ≥ 20, or ≥ 40, or ≥ 60, or ≥ 80, or ≥ 100, or ≥ 150, or ≥ 200, or ≥ 250 and/or ≤ 10,000 or ≤ 8,000, or ≤ 6,000, or ≤ 4,000, or ≤ 2,000 or ≤ 1,000, or ≤ 800, or ≤ 600. DP corresponds to the number of siloxy groups in the molecule and can be determined by silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR) spectroscopy. The DP is the number-average degree of polymerization. R3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-O3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-O3] above, wherein component b is selected from one or more siloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; further from two siloxanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and and further from one siloxane comprising at least two SiH groups. S3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-O3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-O3] above, wherein component b is selected from one or more silanes, each comprising
at least two SiH groups; further from two silanes, each comprising at least two SiH groups; and further from one silane comprising at least two SiH groups. Note, the silane does not contain a siloxane (-Si-O-Si-) linkage. T3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-S3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-S3] above, wherein component b is selected from pentamethyldisiloxane, bis(trimethyl- siloxy)methyl-silane, tetramethyldisiloxane, tetramethycyclotetrasiloxane, or a hydride terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane); and further selected from silane agents available from Gelest under the tradename DMS-H03, or from those available from The Dow Chemical Company under the tradenames OFX 5084, DOWSIL 5-02010, MH-1109 or MHX-1107. U3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-T3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-T3] above, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≥ 3.0, or ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 5.0 ppm, based on the weight of component a. V3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-U3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-U3] above, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≤ 14, or ≤ 13, or ≤ 12 ppm, based on the weight of component a. W3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-V3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-V3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ≥ 350 ppm, or ≥ 380 ppm, or ≥ 400 ppm, or ≥ 600 ppm, or ≥ 800 ppm, or ≥ 850 ppm, or ≥ 900 ppm, or ≥ 950 ppm, or ≥ 980 ppm and/or ≤ 1700 ppm, or ≤ 1650 ppm, or ≤ 1600 ppm, or ≤ 1550 ppm, based on the weight of component a. X3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-W3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-W3] above, wherein component b is present in an amount ≥ 0.04 wt%, or ≥ 0.05 wt%, or ≥ 0.06 wt%, or ≥ 0.07 wt%, or ≥ 0.08 wt%, or ≥ 0.09 wt%, or ≥ 0.10 wt% and/or ≤ 0.17 wt%, or ≤ 0.16 wt%, or ≤ 0.15 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition. Y3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-X3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-X3] above, wherein component a is present in an amount ≥ 96.00 wt%, or ≥ 96.20 wt%, or ≥ 96.40 wt%, or ≥ 96.60 wt%, or ≥ 96.80 wt% and/or ≤ 100 wt%, or ≤ 99.95 wt%, or ≤ 99.92 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition. Z3] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-Y3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-Y3] above, wherein the sum of component a and component b is present in an amount ≥ 99.00 wt%, or ≥ 99.20 wt%, or ≥ 99.50 wt%, or ≥ 99.80 wt% and/or ≤ 100 wt%, or ≤ 99.99 wt%, or ≤ 99.98 wt%, or ≤ 99.96 wt%, based on the weight of the first composition. A4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-Z3] above, or the process of any one of A3]-Z3] above, wherein component c is selected from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-
based catalysts, Lewis acid catalysts, or mixtures thereof; and further from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-based catalysts, or Lewis acid catalysts; and further from Platinum-based catalysts. B4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-A4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-A4] above, wherein component c is selected from chloroplatinic acid, tris(triphenyl- phosphine) rhodium chloride, complexes of chloroplatinic acid with sym-divinyltetra- methyldisiloxane, dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine) platinum (II), cis-dichloro- bis(acetonitrile) platinum (II), dicarbonyldichloroplatinum (II), platinum chloride and platinum oxide, zero valent platinum metal complexes, iron pentacarbonyl, copper (I) chloride ethylenediamine complexes, bis(tri-phenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or diacetate, or palladium diacetate, C4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-B4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-B4] above, wherein component c is selected from a Karstedt's catalyst (for example, 1,3- divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane platinum(0)), or a Speier’s catalyst (for example, dihydrogenhexachloroplatinate (H2PtCl6)). D4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-C4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-C4] above, wherein the component c is present in an amount ≥ 2.0, or ≥ 2.5, or ≥ 2.8, or ≥ 3.0, or ≥ 3.2, or ≥ 3.5, or ≥ 3.8, or ≥ 4.0, or ≥ 4.2, or ≥ 4.5, or ≥ 3.7 and/or ≤ 40, or ≤ 35, or ≤ 30, or ≤ 28, or ≤ 26, or ≤ 24, or ≤ 22, or ≤ 20 ppm, based on the weight of the first composition. E4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-D4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-D4] above, wherein the first composition comprises ≤ 0.036, or ≤ 0.035, or ≤ 0.034, or ≤ 0.033, or ≤ 0.032, or ≤ 0.031, or ≥ 0.030 and/or ≥ 0.008, or ≥ 0.009, or ≥ 0.010 mole equivalent SiH per C=C bond (from component a). F4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-E4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-E4] above, wherein the first composition further comprises a polymer, different from component a in one or more features, such as comonomer type; comonomer content; ML (1+4) @ 125°C; MLRA/ML; Complex Viscosity, at 0.1. rad/s, 125°C; Complex Viscosity, at 100 rad/s, 125°C; Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C; or any combination thereof. G4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-F4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-F4] above, wherein the first composition comprises ≤ 10 ppm, or ≤ 5.0 ppm, or ≤ 2.0 ppm, or ≤ 1.0 ppm, or ≤ 0.5 ppm, or ≤ 0.2 ppm, or ≤ 0.1 ppm of a propylene homopolymer, or a propylene/ethylene copolymer (majority wt% propylene), or a propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer (majority wt% propylene), based on the weight of the first composition; and
further the first composition does not comprise a propylene homopolymer, or a propylene/ethylene copolymer, or a propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer. H4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-G4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-G4] above, wherein the first composition comprises ≤ 10 ppm, or ≤ 5.0 ppm, or ≤ 2.0 ppm, or ≤ 1.0 ppm, or ≤ 0.5 ppm, or ≤ 0.2 ppm, or ≤ 0.1 ppm of a divinyl siloxane that does not contain one or more SiH groups (for example, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane), based on the weight of the first composition; and further the first composition does not comprise a divinyl siloxane that does not contain one or more SiH groups. I4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-H4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-E4] above, wherein the first composition comprises ≤ 10 ppm, or ≤ 5.0 ppm, or ≤ 2.0 ppm, or ≤ 1.0 ppm, or ≤ 0.5 ppm, or ≤ 0.2 ppm, or ≤ 0.1 ppm of a peroxide, based on the weight of the first composition; and further the first composition does not comprise a peroxide. J4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-I4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-I4] above, wherein the first composition is not subject to E-beam radiation. K4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in a batch mixer. L4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an extruder configura- tion (for example, a twin screw extruder). M4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an static mixer, used in conjunction with a pumping device. N4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-J4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-J4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an batch mixer or an extruder configuration, and where the first composition is formed by adding a second composition comprising component b, using a side-arm extruder, to a melt stream comprising component a in the batch mixer or the extruder configuration; and further the second composition is added at a location before one or more static mixing elements. O4] The composition of any one of A]-G2] or B3]-N4] above, or the process of any one of A3]-N4] above, wherein the first composition is thermally treated at a temperature ≥ 150°C, or ≥ 160°C, or ≥ 170°C, or ≥ 175°C, or ≥ 180°C, or ≥ 185°C, or ≥ 190°C, and/or at a temperature ≤ 230°C, or ≤ 225°C, or ≤ 220°C, or ≤ 215°C, or ≤ 210°C, or ≤ 205°C, or ≤
A5] A composition formed the process of any one of A3]-O4] above. B5] An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of A]-G2], B3]-O4] or A5] above. C5] The article of B5] above, wherein the article is a foam or a film, and further a foam. D5] The article of B5] above, wherein the article is a wire, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a profile (for example, a dense, micro-dense and/or foamed profile), a tire, a tube/hose, or a roofing membrane; and further a footwear component, an automotive part, a profile (for example, a dense, micro-dense and/or foamed profile), a tire, a tube/hose, or a roofing membrane. TEST METHODS Mooney Viscosity and Mooney Relaxation Area (MLRA) (Neat Interpolymer and Rheology Modified Interpolymer) Mooney viscosity was measured using ASTM D1646, with a one minute preheat time and a “four minute” rotor operation time, followed by a two minute relaxation time. The instrument was an Alpha Technologies Mooney Viscometer 2000. The conditions used for the neat interpolymer samples and for the for the rheology modified interpolymer samples were (ML 1+4 @ 125°C). About a 7-14 gram sample size was used. The Mooney Relaxation Area (MLRA) data was obtained from the Mooney viscosity measurement, where the test sample was relaxed after the rotor was stopped. At the end of the Mooney viscosity test, the rotation of the disk was stopped within 0.1 seconds. Collection of relaxation data typically began one second after the rotor was stopped, and continued for at least two minutes after the rotor was stopped. The MLRA value reported is the integrated area under the Mooney torque relaxation time curve from 1 second to 120 seconds (MLRA (1’ + 4’ + 2’)). The MLRA value indicates the degree of elasticity of a polymer, and can be regarded as a stored energy term. Higher MRLA values indicate that, after the removal of an applied strain, the test sample stores more energy and requires more time to relax (that is, to dissipate the stored energy). Polymers with more elasticity (for example, those with a more long chain branched (LCB) structure) typically exhibit higher MLRA values compared to less elastic polymers (for example, those having a less long chain branched structure). The MLRA is reported in Mooney Unit - seconds (MU·s). The term “MLRA / ML ratio," as used herein, is the “Mooney Relaxation Area - to - the Mooney viscosity” ratio, and this notation is an abbreviated form for “MLRA / ML(1 + 4) @ 125°C.” The MLRA/ML ratio indicates the
degree of melt elasticity of a polymer and is directly proportional to the degree of melt elasticity. The MLRA/ML ratio is reported in seconds (s). Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA) (Neat EPDM and Rheology modified EPDM) Dynamic viscoelastic properties were measured as per ASTM D6204 with a rotorless oscillating shear rheometer (i.e., rubber process analyzer (RPA)). An RPA frequency sweep was performed at 125°C, using a 7% strain for the neat and rheology modified interpolymer samples, using an Alpha Technologies RPA 2000. The test sample was cut out with a Cutter 2000R. The sample size was between 5 and 7 grams. The test sample was considered to be of proper size (116 to 160% of the test cavity volume) when a small bead of the interpolymer was extruded uniformly around the periphery of the dies as they were closed. The sample was placed between two pieces of MYLAR film. A frequency sweep was performed as discussed above. The angular frequency range was from 0.1 rad/s to 100 rad/s. The stress response was analyzed in terms of amplitude and phase, from which, the storage shear modulus (G’), loss shear modulus (G”), complex viscosity (η*), tan delta (that is a phase angle δ), and complex shear modulus G* were calculated. Modulus values were reported in kilopascal (kPa), phase angle was reported in degrees, and viscosity was reported in kPa·s. The properties recorded were complex viscosity (η*) at 0.1 rad/s and 100 rad/s and rheology ratio. The “rheology ratio” (or “RR”), was calculated as the ratio of the complex viscosity at 0.1 rad/s, and 125°C, to the complex viscosity at 100 rad/s, and 125°C; RR equals ƞ0.1/ƞ100, at 125°C. Gel Content The gel content (insoluble fraction) produced by crosslinking, during the rheology modification, was determined by extracting the rheology modified interpolymer with xylene (certified ACS grade, CAS: 1330-20-7), which was purchased from Fisher Scientific. See ASTM D2765-16, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Gel Content and Swell Ratio of Crosslinked Ethylene Plastics, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org. The xylene extraction sample holder was prepared by cutting a piece of 120-mesh, stainless steel mesh, measuring approximately 80 mm by 40 mm (3.0 in. by 1.5 in.). The mesh was folded, in half, to form a square measuring approximately 40 mm (1.5 in.) for each side. The two sides of this square were closed to form an open mesh pouch by folding the mesh at the edges and stapling the folds. The open sample holder was weighed to four decimal places (W1).
For each rheology modified interpolymer, 0.3 grams of the interpolymer (cut into approximately 3 mm3 pieces) was placed into a prepared open mesh pouch. The open mesh pouch and interpolymer, contained therein, were weighed to four decimal places (W2). The open side of the mesh pouch was then folded over and stapled shut, to create a closed mesh pouch, which was weighed to four decimal places (W3). The closed mesh pouch containing the rheology modified interpolymer, was suspended in 4 liters of refluxing xylene, containing 40 grams of an antioxidant (2,2’- methylene-6-tertiary butyl phenol) and boiling chips, The refluxing continued for 12 hours. At the end of 12 hours, the closed mesh pouch was removed from the xylene, and immediately dried in a vacuum oven at 150°C, with a nitrogen flow of approximately 5 PSI, for 12 hours. At the end of 12 hours, the dried closed pouch was weighed to four decimal places (W4), for a determination of the gel content of the rheology modified interpolymer. Each rheology modified interpolymer was run in duplicate, and the average result was reported as weight percent of gel content (Gel content (wt%)). The gel content of each rheology modified interpolymer was calculated as follows: [Extract (wt%) = (W3-W4)/(W2-W1) x 100%], where W1 = weight of the mesh pouch, sealed on three sides (2 sides stapled closed), one side open; W2 = weight of the mesh pouch and the interpolymer (before extraction), and where the mesh was sealed on three sides, with one side open; W3 = weight of the mesh pouch and the interpolymer (before extraction), and where the mesh was sealed on all sides to create a closed pouch; W4 = weight of the closed mesh and interpolymer after extraction and drying. Gel content (wt%) = 100 - Extract (wt%). Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) The chromatographic system consists of a PolymerChar GPC-IR (Valencia, Spain) high temperature GPC chromatograph, equipped with an internal IR5 infra-red detector (IR5). The autosampler oven compartment is set at 160º Celsius, and the column compart- ment is set at 150º Celsius. The columns are four AGILENT “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micron linear mixed-bed columns. The chromatographic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, which contained 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The solvent source is nitrogen sparged. The injection volume is 200 microliters, and the flow rate is 1.0 milliliters/minute. Calibration of the GPC column set is performed with 21 narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene standards, with molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8,400,000, and which are arranged in 6 “cocktail” mixtures, with at least a decade of separation between individual molecular weights. The standards are purchased from Agilent Technologies. The
polystyrene standards are prepared at 0.025 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent, for molecular weights equal to, or greater than, 1,000,000, and at 0.05 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent, for molecular weights less than 1,000,000. The polystyrene standards are pre-dissolved at 80° Celsius, with gentle agitation, for 30 minutes then cooled, and the room temperature solution is transferred cooled into the autosampler dissolution oven (equilibrated at 160°C) for 30 minutes. The polystyrene standard peak molecular weights are converted to polyethylene molecular weights using Equation 1 (as described in Williams and Ward, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Let., 6, 621 (1968)): ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ = ^ × ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ (EQ 1), where M is the molecular weight, A has a value of 0.4100 and B is equal to 1.0. A fifth order polynomial is used to fit the respective polyethylene equivalent calibration points. The total plate count of the GPC column set is performed with decane which was introduced into a blank sample via a micropump controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system. The plate count for the chromatographic system should be greater than 18,000 for the four Agilent “Mixed A” 30 cm, 20-micro linear mixed-bed columns. Samples are prepared in a semi-automatic manner with the PolymerChar “Instrument Control” Software, wherein the samples are weight-targeted at 2 mg/ml, and the solvent (contained 200 ppm BHT) was added to a pre nitrogen-sparged, septa-capped vial, via the PolymerChar high temperature autosampler. The samples are dissolved for 3 hours at 160º Celsius under “low speed” shaking. The calculations of Mn(GPC), Mw(GPC), and Mz(GPC) are based on GPC results using the internal IR5 detector (measurement channel) of the PolymerChar GPC-IR chromatograph according to Equations 2-4, the PolymerChar GPCOne™ software, the baseline-subtracted IR chromatogram at each equally-spaced data collection point (i), and the polyethylene equivalent molecular weight obtained from the narrow standard calibration curve for the point (i) from Equation 1. ^^(^^^) = ∑^ ^^^ (EQ 2), 3), 4).
In order to monitor the deviations over time, a flowrate marker (decane) was introduced into each sample, via a micropump controlled with the PolymerChar GPC-IR system. This flowrate marker (FM) is used to linearly correct the pump flowrate (Flowrate(nominal)) for each sample, by RV alignment of the respective decane peak within the sample (RV(FM Sample)), to that of the decane peak within the narrow standards calibration (RV(FM Calibrated)). Any changes in the time of the decane marker peak are then assumed to be related to a linear-shift in flowrate (Flowrate(effective)) for the entire run. After calibrating the system, based on a flow marker peak, the effective flowrate (with respect to the narrow standards calibration) is calculated from Equation 5. Processing of the flow marker peak was done via the PolymerChar GPCOne™ software. Acceptable flowrate correction is such that the effective flowrate should be within +/-0.5% of the nominal flowrate. Flowrate(effective) = Flowrate(nominal) * (RV(FM Calibrated) / RV(FM Sample)) (EQ 5). EXPERIMENTAL Commercial Polymers and Reagents Commercial polymers and reagents are listed below in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Table 1: Commercial EPDM Polymers Mooney (1+4') Ethylene ENB Content, Density (g/cm3 SAMPLE @ 125oC, MU Content, wt% wt% (ASTM ) (AS Source (ASTM D1646) (ASTM D3900) D6047) TM D792) NORDEL IP 4785 HM Hydrocarbon 85 68 4.9 0.880 Dow Rubber NORDEL IP 4760 P Hydrocarbon 60 67.5 4.9 0.880 Dow Rubber NORDEL 6565 XFC EPDM 65 55 8.5 0.862 Dow Note, ENGAGE 8180 Polyolefin Elastomer (EG8180, from The Dow Chemical Company (herein “Dow”)) was used in a masterbatch carrier – see Table 4A. Each wt% based on the weight of the EPDM.
Table 2: Reagents Reagent Chemical Description Hydrosilylation Agent Octyl-functional SiH polysiloxane Polysiloxane 1* 0.8 wt% active H (from SiH), based on the weight of the polysiloxane, Viscosity 9-30cSt (at 25oC), CAS # 68554-69-8 Reactive organo-platinum complex dispersed in polysiloxane SYL-OFF 4000 Platinum, 1,3-diethenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes Catalyst 1.26 wt% of the organo-platinum complex, based on the weight of the dispersion CAS # 68478-92-2, Liquid Available from Dow Hydrosilylation Agent SiH polysiloxane Polysiloxane 2* 1.31 – 1.52 wt% active H (H from SiH) based on the weight of the polysiloxane, Viscosity 6 cSt (at 25oC), CAS # 63148-57-2 Reactive organo-platinum complex dispersed in polymeric matrix DOWSIL Platinum, 1,3-diethenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes Catalyst 908 0.97 wt% of the organo-platinum complex, based on the weight of the dispersion CAS # 68478-92-2, Solid powder Available from Dow *See U.S. Patent 3,957,713 (see methods for making polyorganohydrogensiloxanes) incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. Preparation of Rheology Modified Interpolymer Rheology modified interpolymers were prepared from the noted first compositions shown in Tables 3A(1) and 4A below. Batch Mixer Modification – (40 grams) – see Table 3A(1) Samples of the EPDM (40 g) were modified on a RS5000 Batch Mixer from Rheometers Services Inc.. The small bowl, with roller blade rotors, suitable for mixing batches up to 45 g, was used. After initial fluxing of the base polymer (EPDM) for a minute (200oC, 5 rpm), the remaining ingredients in the formulation were loaded into the mixer, as discussed below, at a low speed (5 rpm) for about 1-2 minutes. Following incorporation of all other ingredients, a rotor speed of 50 rpm and a bowl temperature of 200°C were used, unless noted otherwise. The mixing was continued for an additional six minutes. After mixing, the batch was collected on a glass reinforced TEFLON sheet, and pressed into a flat ‘patty’ (approximate 0.25” thickness) on a compression molder, a Carver Hydraulic Press (duration of compression 3-5 minutes, pressure approx.20,000 psi, temperature 20-25oC). The flat ‘patty’ was cooled to ambient temperature. Depending on the individual ingredient, different methods of addition to the batch mixer were used. The EPDM pellets or crumb were directly added. The hydrosilylation agent and the catalyst were each weighed on a film formed from the base resin (EPDM), and then rolled by hand (used nitrile gloves) to form a “burrito-shaped” encapsulant. The EPDM film had a thickness of approx.1-2 mm, and was prepared by compression molding 20-30 grams of the EPDM, at 100-120°C, at a pressure of approx.20,000 psi, for 3 minutes. A
portion of the film (about 3-4 g) was used as the film for the encapsulant. The rolled encapsulant was then added to the mixer. The amount of EPDM in Table 3A includes the amount of the EPDM used to form the film for the encapsulant. Twin Screw Extruder Modification (5 lbs) - see Table 4A Preparation of Masterbatch MB1 For the “twin screw” examples, a siloxane masterbatch, in pellet form, was made using ENGAGE 8180 as the carrier resin to enable ease of feeding. KRATON G1650 was used to first absorb the liquid Polysiloxane 1 in a 1:1 weight ratio. The masterbatch composition was ENGAGE 8180 (90 wt%), KRATON G1650 (5 wt%), Polysiloxane 1. The components were mixed as follows. The ENGAGE 8180 was loaded to a batch mixer and fluxed at a temperature of 40-50°C, after which, the KRATON G1650 - Polysiloxane 1 (dry mix) was added. Mixing was performed at 40 rpm, until the temperature reached 90°C. The batch was then pelletized using a single screw extruder. Preparation of the Rheology Modified Interpolymers The first compositions, as shown in Table 4A, were extruded using a “26 mm,” co- rotating, twin screw extruder (ZSK-26 from Coperion Corp.). The extruder was configured with 15 barrels (60 L/D). The maximum screw speed was 1200 rpm, and the maximum motor output was 40 HP. The extruder was equipped with a “loss-in-weight feeder.” All components were added simultaneously to the extruder through the main feed-throat of the extruder. Barrel 1 was water cooled (temp. less than 70°C); Barrels 2-15 were maintained at 210°C. A two-hole die was used to produce strands, which were pulled through a water bath and subsequently were cut into pellets using a strand cutter. A run rate of 4.5 lbs/hr and a screw speed of 150 rpm were used. Results Tables 3A(1).3A(2), 3B, 3C and 3D pertain to the rheology modified interpolymers prepared in the batch mixer. The Mooney Viscosity and the rheological properties of each rheology modified interpolymer are shown in Table 3B. The gel contents of some of the rheology modified interpolymers are also shown in Table 3B. The control, first composition A was not thermally treated, but tested as is. Control, first composition B was thermally treated in the batch mixer as discussed above. Tables 3C and 3D provide the ratios of some properties of the rheology modified interpolymers, relative to the respective control
interpolymers as noted. As seen in Table 3B, Examples R1 through R9 had significant MLRA/ML values (≥ 9.0 s), indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer. Examples R1-R3, R6 and R8 also show low gel levels (≤ 1.93 wt%), indicating that very little gel formation or crosslinking took place during the modification process. It is noted that example RD (no catalyst) and example RE (low amount of SiH) each had low gel levels of 0.59 wt% and 1.17 wt%, respectively, but also had low MLRA/ML values of 3.9 s and 4.5 s, respectively, indicating that little or no LCB formed during the modification process. Example RF had a high MLRA/ML value of 22.6 s, but also has a high gel content of 12.4 wt%, indicating that too much crosslinking took place during the rheology modification. Tables 4A, 4B and 4C pertain to the rheology modified interpolymers prepared in the twin screw extruder. The Mooney Viscosity and the rheological properties of each rheology modified interpolymer are shown in Table 4A. The gel contents of some of the rheology modified interpolymers are also shown in Table 4A. The control, first compositions G and H were each thermally treated in the extruder as discussed above. Tables 4C and 4D provide the ratios of some properties of the rheology modified interpolymers, relative to the respective control interpolymers as noted. As seen in Table 4A, Examples R11 and R13 had significant MLRA/ML values of 11.8 s and 10.2 s, respectively, indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer. These examples also had low gel levels of 2.0 wt% and 2.3 wt%, respectively, indicating very little gel formation or crosslinking took place during the modification process. Example RI (no catalyst) had a low MLRA/ML values of 3.4 s, indicating that little or no LCB formed during the modification process. Examples R10 and R12 also had significant MLRA/ML values of 13.5 s and 10.3 s, respectively indicating the formation of LCB within the interpolymer.
Table 3A(1): First Compositions (wt%) – Batch Mixer First Comp. AA BB C*** D 1 2 3 E F 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORDEL 4785 Comp. a 100 100 100 99.9 99.86 99.8 99.7 99.87 99.7 99.92 99.87 99.85 99.65 NORDEL 6565 Comp. a 99.86 99.80 Polysiloxane 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.03 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (ppm)* (1001) (1001) (1002) (1003) (300) (2006) (1001) (1002) (1001) (1003) [H active, ppm]** [8.0] [8.0] [8.0] [8.0] [2.4] [16.0] [8.0] [8.0] [8.0] [8.0] SYLOFF 4000 (1.26 wt% active Pt catalyst 0.04 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.04 complex) [5.0] [12.6] [25.2] [12.6] [12.6] [5.0] [12.6] [5.0] [5.0] [ppm Pt complex]B Polysiloxane 2 0.04 0.09 (ppm)* (400) (900) [active H, ppm]** [5.2 – 6.1] [12-14] Cat-908 (0.97 wt% active Pt catalyst 0.05 0.25 complex) [4.8] [24.2] [ppm Pt complex]B Sum weight (wt%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 A) No TT = No Thermal Treatment. B) TT = Thermally Treated. *The “ppm” amount of Polysiloxane 1 or Polysiloxane 2, are each based on the weight of the EPDM (component a). **The “ppm” amount of active H (as part of SiH), based on the weight of the EPDM (component a). ***E-beam at 0.7 MRad. B) The “ppm” amount of Pt complex based on the weight of the first composition.
Table 3A(2): First Compositions (wt%) – Batch Mixer First Comp. A B C*** D 1 2 3 E F 4 5 6 7 8 9 NORDEL 4785 [mole ENB per 100 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 g Comp. a]C NORDEL 6565 [Mole ENB per 100 0.0707 0.0707 g Comp. a]C Polysiloxane 1 [g siloxane per 100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.030 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 g Comp. a]D Polysiloxane 1 [g active H per 100 0.00080 0.00080 0.00080 0.00080 0.00024 0.0016 0.00080 0.00080 0.00080 0.00080 g comp. a]E Polysiloxane 1 [mole SiH per 100 g 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00024 0.00159 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 0.00079 Comp. a]F Polysiloxane 2 [g siloxane per 100 0.040 0.090 g Comp. a]D Polysiloxane 2 0.00055 0.00118 [g active H per 100 – – g Comp. a]E 0.00061 0.00137 Polysiloxane 2 0.00052 0.00117 [mole SiH per 100 g – – Comp. a]F 0.00061 0.00136 Mol equiv. [(SiH) / 0.019 0. 0.013 – 0.029 – G 019 0.019 0.019 0.006 0.039 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.03 0.019 0.019 (C=C in EPDM)] 4 C) For NORDEL 4785 (4.9 wt% ENB), the [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a] = [(4.9 g ENB / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole ENB / 120.195 g ENB)]. For NORDEL 6565 (8.5 wt% ENB), the [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a] = [(8.5 g ENB / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole ENB / 120.195 g ENB)]. The ENB is in polymerized form. D) For Polysiloxane 1, the [g siloxane per 100 g Comp. a] = [(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100]. For Polysiloxane 2, the [g siloxane per 100 g comp. a] = [(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100]. E) For Polysiloxane 1, the [g active H per 100 g Comp. a] = {[(amt. of silane / amt. of EPDM) x 100] x 0.008}. For Polysiloxane 2, the [g active H per 100 g Comp. a] = {[(amt. of silane / amt. of EPDM) x 100] x 0.0131 (or 0.0152)}. F) For Polysiloxane 1, the [mole SiH per 100 g Comp. a] = [mole H (from SiH) / 100 g EPDM] = [( g active H / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole H/1.008 g)]. For Polysiloxane 2, the [mole SiH per 100 g Comp. a] = [mole H (from SiH) / 100 g EPDM] = [( g active H / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole H/1.008 g)]. G) The mol equiv. [(SiH) /(C=C in EPDM)] = {[mole SiH per 100 g Comp. a] / [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a]}. Note one mole of ENB = one mole of C=C bonds.
Table 3B: Rheology Modified Interpolymers (Batch Mixer) First Comp. A B -TT C D 1 2 3 E F 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rhel. Mod. A B-TT RC RD R1 R2 R3 RE RF R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 81 120 81 131 115 113 93 154 96 101 104 118 136 127 MLRA/ML (at 125°C) 3.1 5.5 14.9 3.9 16.9 9.5 9.0 4.5 22.6 18.8 18.1 13.1 16.3 16.9 14.3 s MLRA (at 125°C) 267 446 1788 316 2214 1093 1017 418 3480 1805 1828 1362 1923 2298 1816 Complex Viscosity, @ 0.1 rad/s, 304 421 721 394 659 603 559 423 870 579 641 623 688 651 603 125°C, kPa·s Complex Viscosity, @ 100 rad/s, 7.0 6.4 7.2 6.4 6.6 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.8 4.8 5.3 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.3 125°C, kPa·s Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 43.5 66.1 100.1 61.4 100.5 80.8 74.9 57.3 111.5 121.1 120.4 94.4 102.7 93.0 82.6 125°C Gel content, NM 0.5 0.5 0.59 1.93 0.41 0.60 1.17 12.4 NM NM 0 NM 0.9 NM wt% TT = Thermally Treated. NM = Not measured. Note, WO2020/263677 (Table 1) lists NORDEL 6565 as having the following properties: MV = 65.5, MLRA = 472 MU.s, MLRA/ML = 7.2s, RR = 63.5, and Complex Viscosity (0.1 rad/s, 125°C) = 330 kPa·s.
Table 3C: Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Controls A (control) Ratio* R1 R2 R3 RD RE RF ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 ML(R_) / ML(RA) 1.52 1.34 1.31 0.94 1.08 1.79 MLRA/ML, s 3.1 [MLRA/ML of R_] / [MLRA/ML of RA] 5.45 3.06 2.90 1.26 1.45 7.29 MLRA, MU·s 267 [MLRA of R_] / [MLRA of RA] 8.29 4.09 3.81 1.18 1.57 13.0 Complex Viscosity, @ [Complex Visc. (0.1 r 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 304 ad/s) R_] / [Complex Visc. (0.1 rad/s) RA] 2.17 1.98 1.84 1.30 1.39 2.86 Complex Viscosity, @ 100 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 7.0 [Complex Visc. (100 rad/s) R_] / [Complex Visc. (100 rad/s) RA] 0.94 1.07 1.07 0.91 1.06 1.11 Rheology Ratio, ƞ /ƞ , 43.5 [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (R_)] / [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (RA)] 2.31 1.86 1.72 1.41 1.32 2.56 0.1 100 125°C B (control - TT) Gel content, wt% 0.5 [Gel content (R_)] / [Gel content (RB)] 3.86 0.82 1.20 1.18 2.34 24.8 *Each ratio relative to RA, except the ratio for the “Gel Content,” which is relative to RB. Table 3D: Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Control A (control) Ratio* R6 R7 R8 R9 ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 ML(R_) / ML(RA) 1.21 1.37 1.58 1.48 MLRA/ML, s 3.1 [MLRA/ML of R_] / [MLRA/ML of RA] 4.23 5.26 5.45 4.61 MLRA, MU·s 267 [MLRA of R_] / [MLRA of RA] 5.10 7.20 8.61 6.80 Complex Viscosity, @ 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 304 [Complex Visc. (0.1 rad/s) R_] / [Complex Visc. (0.1 rad/s) RA] 2.05 2.26 2.14 1.98 Complex Viscosity, @ 100 [Complex Visc. (100 rad/s) R_] / [Complex Vis rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 7.0 c. (100 rad/s) RA] 0.94 0.96 1.00 1.04 Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C 43.5 [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (R_)] / [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (RA)] 2.17 2.36 2.14 1.90 B (control-TT) Gel content, wt% 0.5 [Gel content (R_)] / [Gel content (RB)] 0 - 1.80 - *Each ratio relative to RA, except the ratio for the “Gel Content,” which is relative to RB.
Tabe 4A: First Compositions (wt%) – Twin Screw Extruder First Composition G H (TTB) (TTB) I 10 11 12 13 NORDEL 4785 100 97 96.95 97.45 96.8 NORDEL 4760 100 96.95 EG8180 (from MB1) 2.70 2.70 2.25 2.70 2.70 KRATON G1650 (from MB1) 0.15 0.15 0.125 0.15 0.15 Polysiloxane 1 (from MB1) 0.15 0.15 0.125 0.15 0.15 (ppm)* (1546) (1547) (1283) (1550) (1547) [H from SiH in ppm]** [12] [12] [10] [12] [12] SYL-OFF 4000 (1.26 wt% Pt cat. complex) 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.05 [ppm Pt complex]*** [6.3] [6.3] [25.2] [6.3] Sum weight (wt%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 NORDEL 4785 [mole ENB per 100 g 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 0.0408 Comp. a]C NORDEL 4760 [mole ENB per 100 g 0.0408 0.0408 Comp. a]C Polysiloxane 1 [g siloxane per 100 g 0.155 0.155 0.128 0.155 0.155 Comp. a]D Polysiloxane 1 [g active H per 100 g 0.00124 0.00124 0.00102 0.00124 0.00124 Comp. a]E Polysiloxane 1 [mole SiH per 0.00123 0.00123 0.00101 0.00123 0.00123 100 g Comp. a]F Mol equiv. [SiH / C=C in EPDM]G 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 Rheology Modified G-TT H-TT RI R10 R11 R12 R13 ML(1+4), 125°C, MU 84 59 83 133 124 120 86 MLRA Area, MU·s 280 171 283 1786 1468 1238 878 MLRA/ML, s 3.3 2.9 3.4 13.5 11.8 10.3 10.2 ƞ*, @ 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 358 257 346 660 621 610 469 ƞ*, @ 100 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 7.4 6.0 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.3 Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125C 48.2 42.8 48.2 89.4 83.6 82.8 74.5 Gel content, wt% NM NM NM NM 2.0 NM 2.3 B) TT = Thermally Treated. *The “ppm” amount of Polysiloxane 1 based on weight of the EPDM (Component a). **The “ppm” amount of active H (from SiH), based on the weight of the EPDM (Component a). NM = Not measured. ***The “ppm” amount of Pt complex based on the weight of the first composition. C) For NORDEL 4785 (4.9 wt% ENB), the [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a] = [(4.9 g ENB / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole ENB / 120.195 g ENB)]. For NORDEL 4760 (4.9 wt% ENB), the [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a] = [(8.5 g ENB / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole ENB / 120.195 g ENB)]. The ENB is in polymerized form. D) For Polysiloxane 1, the [g siloxane per 100 g Comp. a] = [(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100]. E) For Polysiloxane 1, the [g active H per 100 g Comp. a] = {[(amt. of siloxane / amt. of EPDM) x 100] x 0.008}. F) For Polysiloxane 1, the [mole SiH per 100 g Comp. a] = [mole H (from SiH) / 100 g EPDM] = [( g active H / 100 g EPDM) x (1 mole H/1.008 g)]. G) The mol equiv. [(SiH) /(C=C in EPDM)] = {[mole SiH per 100 g Comp. a] / [mole ENB per 100 g Comp. a]}. Note, one mole of ENB = one mole of C=C bonds.
Table 4B: Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Control A (control) Ratio* R10 R11 R12 RI ML (1+4) @ 125°C 86 ML(R_) / ML(RA) 1.55 1.44 1.40 0.97 MLRA/ML, s 3.1 [MLRA/ML of R_] / [MLRA/ML of RA] 4.35 3.81 3.32 1.10 MLRA MU·s 267 [MLRA of R_] / [MLRA of RA] 6.69 5.50 4.64 1.06 Complex Viscosity, @ [Complex Visc. (0.1 rad/s) 0.1 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 304 R_] / [Complex Visc. (0.1 2.17 2.04 2.01 1.14 rad/s) RA] Complex Viscosity, @ [Complex Visc. (100 rad/s) 100 rad/s, 125°C, kPa·s 7.0 R_] / [Complex Visc. (100 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.03 rad/s) RA] Rheology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, [ƞ0.1/ƞ (R_)] / [ƞ /ƞ 125°C 43.5 100 0.1 100 (RA)] 2.06 1.92 1.90 1.11 B (control- TT) Gel content, wt% 0.5 [Gel content (R_)] / [Gel content (RB)] - 4.0 - - *Each ratio relative to RA, except the ratio for the “Gel Content,” which is relative to RB. Table 4C: Ratio of Properties of Rheology Modified Interpolymers Relative to Properties of Control NORDEL 4760 Ratio** R13 No TT* ML (1+4) @ 125°C 59.5 ML(R13) / ML(NORDEL 4760) 1.45 MLRA/ML, s 3.5 [MLRA/ML of R13] / [MLRA/ML of NORDEL 4760] 2.91 MLRA, MU·s 210 [MLRA of R13] / [MLRA of RA] 4.18heology Ratio, ƞ0.1/ƞ100, 125°C 45.0 [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (R_)] / [ƞ0.1/ƞ100 (NORDEL 4760)] 1.66 *No TT = No Thermal Treatment. **Each ratio relative to NORDEL 4760 (see Table 2 (CS4) of US2022/0275121).
Claims
CLAIMS 1. A composition comprising a “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” that comprises the following properties: i) a MLRA/ML (at 125oC) value ≥ 8.0 s, and ii) a gel content ≤ 10 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer;” and wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” is formed from a first composition comprising the following components: a) an ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer, b) at least one hydrosilylation agent, and c) at least one catalyst. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a Mooney Viscosity (ML 1+4, 125°C) ≥ 60. 3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the rheology modified interpolymer is a rheology modified EPDM. 4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a MLRA/ML value (at125oC) ≤ 25.0 s. 5. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content ≤ 3.0 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” 6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a gel content from 0.1 wt% to 2.6 wt%, based on the weight of the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha- olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer.” 7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the “rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” has a complex viscosity ƞ at 0.1 rad/s (125°C) ≥ 400 kPa·s. 8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the ratio of the “Gel content (wt%) of the rheology modified ethylene/alpha-olefin/nonconjugated polyene interpolymer” to the “Gel content (wt%) of component a as thermally treated” is from 0 to 5.0; and where, component a is thermally treated under the same conditions used to form the rheology modified interpolymer. 9. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, wherein component b is selected from one
or more polysiloxanes, each containing at least two SiH groups. 10. The composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≥ 3.0 ppm, based on the weight of component a. 11. The composition of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the active H from the Si-H groups of component b are present in an amount ≤ 14 ppm, based on the weight of component a. 12. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, wherein component c is selected from Platinum-based catalysts, Rhodium-based catalysts, Lewis acid catalysts, or mixtures thereof. 13. A process to form the composition of any one of claims 1-12, said process comprising thermally treating the first composition. 14. The process of claim 13, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in a batch mixer. 15. The process of claim 13, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in an extruder configuration. 16. The process of claim 13, wherein the first composition is thermally treated in a static mixer, used in conjunction with a pumping device. 17. A composition formed from the process of any one of claims 13-15. 18. An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of claims 1-12 or 17. 19. The article of claim 18, wherein the article is a foam, or a film. 20. The article of claim 18, wherein the article is a wire, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a profile (for example, a dense, micro-dense and/or foamed profile), a tire, a tube/hose, or a roofing membrane;
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