WO2026010552A1 - Integrated differential pressure sensor for artificial heart control - Google Patents

Abstract

A pressure sensor system (100) for a blood pump (10), the pressure sensor system (100) comprising: an atrial pressure chamber housing (110), a thoracic pressure chamber housing (120), and a sensor element (130), wherein the atrial pressure chamber housing (110) comprises an atria pressure chamber (111) with an atrial opening (112), and an atrial membrane (113) is arranged to cover the atrial opening (112), and the thoracic pressure chamber housing (120) comprises a thoracic pressure chamber (121) with a thoracic opening (122), and a thoracic membrane (123) is arranged to cover the thoracic opening (122), and both the atrial pressure chamber (121) and the thoracic pressure chamber (122) are in pressure connection with the sensor element (130) for sensing processing pressure signals from the atrial and thoracic pressure chambers (110, 120).

Description

Integrated Differential Pressure Sensor for Artificial Heart Control

Field

The technology relates to the field of medical devices, specifically to blood pumps in a heart prothesis, i.e. an artificial heart for replacing a failed natural heart in the circulatory system in the human body. These devices are designed to maintain blood flow in patients with heart failure or other cardiovascular conditions. The technology focuses on the integration of pressure sensors within the blood pump system to monitor and control the performance of the blood pump.

Background

Artificial hearts and heart assist pumps, such as ventricular assist devices (VADs), left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), and other similar devices, are critical for patients with heart failure or other cardiac conditions. These devices help maintain proper blood flow and circulation in the body, thereby improving the patient's quality of life and potentially extending their life expectancy. A key aspect of these devices is to ensure that the inlet pressure is in a reasonably low range to maintain a good perfusion of body and or lung while avoiding flow impairment by suction events at the device inflow, which would impair blood flow through the device. The atrium will collapse when the pressure inside is lower than the pressure outside the atrium. The ability to accurately measure and control the pressure within the heart and blood vessels is crucial to ensure optimal functioning of artificial hearts and/or heart assist pumps.

Pressure sensors have been used in artificial hearts and heart assist pumps to measure the pressure within parts of the pump. These sensors provide crucial information to the controller, which in turn adjusts the output of the artificial heart or heart assist pump based on the measured pressure values. Accurate pressure measurement is essential for the proper functioning of these devices, as incorrect pressure readings can lead to suboptimal adjustments and potentially harmful outcomes for the patient. The prior art includes various pressure sensor arrangements and methods for measuring pressure in artificial hearts and heart assist pumps. Some examples of prior art include patent WO2021/186009 titled "Pressure sensor arrangement and method", patent US6481292 B1 titled "Dual pressure monitor", and patent US20220330843 A1 titled "Sensors for In-Vivo Measurements". These patents describe different pressure sensor designs and configurations for measuring pressure in the atrium and other parts of the heart.

However, the prior art can still be improved to minimise complications for the patient and risk for suction effects that may result in collapse of the atrium and blood vessels. Consequently, there is a need for an improved pressure sensor arrangement that can provide more accurate pressure measurements for better control of artificial hearts and heart assist pumps.

Summary

The sensor arrangement of the present disclosure is based on the finding that the breathing state of a human can affect the function of the blood pump. A sensor arrangement designed to measure pressure in the atrium without considering the fluctuations of thoracic pressure that occur during different breathing states can lead to a misinterpretation of the pressure that keeps the atrium from collapsing, especially when thoracic pressure increases during assisted inhalation or exhalation against a resistance, potentially causing a suction effect on the atrium and blood vessels. This suction effect may result in the collapse of the atrium and blood vessels, posing a significant risk to the patient.

Hence, a pressure sensor arrangement that integrate with the physiological mechanics of respiration, which includes the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity is suggested. With this integration, the pressure sensor arrangement can dynamically compensate for thoracic pressure fluctuations and accurately reflect the true hemodynamic status within the thoracic cavity and thereby minimising the risk of collapse of the atrium and blood vessels and inadequate automatic control of flow rate, e.g. stroke rate and volume. According to a first aspect of the disclosure, a pressure sensor system for a blood pump is provided. The blood pump can be one of a plurality of pumps of an artificial heart and/or heart assist pump. The system comprises an atrial pressure chamber housing, a thoracic pressure chamber housing, and a sensor element. The atrial pressure chamber housing comprises an atrial pressure chamber with an atrial opening, and an atrial membrane is arranged to cover the atrial opening. The thoracic pressure chamber housing comprises a thoracic pressure chamber with a thoracic opening, and a thoracic membrane is arranged to cover the thoracic opening. The atrial pressure chamber and the thoracic pressure chamber are in pressure connection with the sensor element for processing pressure signals from the atrial and thoracic pressure chambers. The atrial membrane is adapted to be directed towards an atrium of the blood pump and the thoracic membrane is adapted to be directed outwards from the blood pump. This configuration allows for simultaneous measurement of atrial and thoracic pressures, enabling precise control of the blood pump. When the pressure outside the atrium increases, the TAH must target a higher pressure in the atrium as well. The disclosed pressure sensor system enabling a direct measurement of the pressure that keeps the atrium from collapsing.

The atrial and the thoracic pressure chamber are filled with a pressure transferable medium to enable pressure transfer from the respective membranes to the sensor element. The use of pressure chambers filled with pressure transferable medium allows monitoring of pressures in environments in the human body and in the blood pump, that otherwise could not be monitored due to the amount of body fluids that would clog up the sensing surfaces/sensing ports of the sensor element.

The sensor element is provided with two sensor ports, providing a surface to receive the pressure transferred from the membranes via the pressure transferable medium.

The atrial membrane and the thoracic membranes are flexible membranes of a biocompatible material. The membranes are provided to facilitate a surface compatible with the body and flexible and large enough to be to flex and thereby sense and transfer pressure difference in the surrounding it is facing. Optionally in some examples, the atrial membrane and the thoracic membrane are arranged essentially opposite each other.

Optionally in some examples, the first pressure chamber housing and the second pressure chamber housing are provided in a common housing. The common housing could be an integrated housing or comprise separate housing parts that have been jointed together.

An opposite arrangement of the atrial and thoracic membranes in combination with a common housing enables a compact sensing device that can easily be integrated in a pump housing wall.

Optionally in some examples, the first pressure chamber housing and the second pressure chamber housing are distinct separate housing, arranged either in the proximity of each other or distanced from each other.

Optionally in some examples, the pressure chamber housing is provided with an attachment portion, at least partially surrounding the pressure chamber housing and the flexible membranes and configured to attach the pressure sensor to a surface of an object, such as a blood pump or an artificial heart. The attachment portion provides attachment points for integrating the pressure chamber housing(s) in the wall of a blood pump and/or artificial heart. The attachment portion can be arranged as an attachment ring.

The attachment portion or attachment ring can entirely or partly surround the individual or common housing and be made integral with the housing or any other bio-compatible material. The attachment portion or attachment ring facilitates an easy attachment of the sensor housing by providing an attachment surface to connect to the pump housing, or artificial heart housing. The attachment portion or attachment ring facilitates an easy integration of pressure chamber housing of the pump housing, or artificial heart housing.

Optionally in some examples, the sensor element is arranged inside or partly inside one of the atrial pressure chamber housing and the thoracic pressure chamber housing, or the sensor element is arranged remotely from at least one of the atrial pressure chamber housing and the thoracic pressure chamber housing. This flexibility in the placement of the sensor element allows for customization based on specific application requirements.

Optionally in some examples, the system further comprises a first duct for connecting one of the pressure chambers with the sensor element. This duct allows for the positioning of the pressure chambers distanced from each other, in separate housings and still providing the sensor element in one of the pressure chamber housings. The pressure from the one pressure chamber is thereby transferred to the sensor element arranged in the other pressure chamber via the first duct.

Optionally in some examples, the system comprises a first duct for connecting the atrial pressure chamber with the sensor element, and a second duct for connecting the thoracic pressure chamber with the sensor element. This feature allows for the positioning of the sensor element distanced from the atrial pressure chamber and/or thoracic pressure chamber, providing flexibility in the design of the blood pump.

Any duct connecting a pressure chamber with the sensor element is filled with pressure transferable medium, in order for a correct pressure transfer between the flexible membranes and the sensor elements ports.

Optionally in some examples, the sensor element is configured to output a signal representing a pressure difference between the atrial pressure chamber and the thoracic pressure chamber. This feature allows for a more precise control of the blood pump, as it enables the simultaneous measurement of thoracic and atrial pressures.

Optionally in some examples, the sensor element is configured to sense a pressure difference between the atrial pressure chamber and the thoracic pressure chamber. This feature allows for the use of a smaller and more cost-effective sensor element, as the sensor element senses the pressure difference directly.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, a blood pump comprising the aforementioned pressure sensor system is provided. This integration of the pressure sensor system into the blood pump allows for real-time monitoring and control of the blood pump operation, enhancing its performance and safety.

Optionally in some examples, the sensor housing or housings are arranged inside a side wall of the blood pump.

Optionally in some examples, the sensor element is arranged inside a wall of one of or a common pressure chamber housing.

Optionally in some examples, the pressure chamber housing or housings are attached to the blood pump wall via an attachment portion or attachment ring, that at least partially surrounds the pressure chamber housing or housings and/or the respective flexible membrane.

Optionally in some examples, the blood pump further comprises a controller unit for controlling the blood pump based on an output signal from the sensor element, which allows for automatic and efficient operation of the blood pump.

Optionally in some examples, the atrial pressure chamber housing and the thoracic pressure chamber housing are arranged on or in a side wall of a blood pump housing. This arrangement allows for a compact design of the blood pump, making it suitable for use in space-constrained applications, such as the human thorax.

Optionally in some examples, when the blood pump is arranged in a human body, the thoracic pressure chamber housing is arranged such that the thoracic membrane is located in the intrathoracic space close to the atria of the blood pump. This arrangement allows for accurate measurement of the thoracic pressure, enhancing the control of the blood pump operation. Correct measurement of the pressure in the intrathoracic space is essential to avoid that the intrathoracic pressure rises above the atrial pressure, which would potentially cause suction and collapse of the atrium and/or blood vessels.

Optionally in some examples, the blood pump is a total artificial heart. According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method of controlling a blood pump is provided. The method involves sensing the pressure of an atrium and an external environment simultaneously using the pressure sensor system, processing the pressure signals from the atrium and thoracic pressure chambers using the sensor element, and controlling the blood pump at least partially based on the processed pressure signals. This method allows for precise control of the blood pump, enhancing its performance and safety.

Optionally in some examples, the method further involves outputting an output signal comprising the atrial pressure and the thoracic pressure respectively or a combined signal representing the pressure difference between the atrial pressure and the thoracic pressure.

Optionally in some examples, the method further involves controlling the flow rate of the blood pump based on the output signal from the sensor element. This feature allows for automatic control of the blood pump operation based on the sensed pressures, enhancing the efficiency and safety of the blood pump operation.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Examples are described in more detail below with reference to the appended drawings.

Figure 1 shows a human body with a blood pump arranged in the intrathoracic space, of the thorax.

Figure 2 schematically illustrates the sensor system (100) arranged at a blood pump (10).

Figure 3a is a schematic view showing separate atrial and thoracic pressure chambers arranged distanced from each other and from the sensor element.

Figure 3b is a schematic view showing a common pressure chamber housing with oppositely directed membranes. Figure 3c is a schematic view showing separate atrial and thoracic pressure chamber housings arranged distanced from each other, but with the sensor element arranged in one of the pressure chamber housings.

Detailed Description

The detailed description set forth below provides information and examples of the disclosed technology with sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure.

Figure 1 shows a human body 1 with a blood pump or an artificial heart 10 arranged in the intrathoracic space 3 of the thorax 2. The blood pump 10 is connected to the atria 12 of the heart, which is located within the thorax 2. The blood pump 10 is designed to replace the natural heart and pumping blood throughout the body 1 .

Figure 2 schematically illustrates the sensor system 100 arranged at a blood pump 10. The sensor system 100 includes an atrial pressure chamber housing 110 and a thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, both of which are arranged on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 . The atrial membrane 113 is directed inwards towards the atrium 12 of the pump and the thoracic membrane 123 is directed outwards from the pump, i.e., into the intrathoracic space 3, when the blood pump 10 is arranged in a human body. In the disclosed example the sensor element 130 is arranged distanced to the pressure chambers and is connected to the pressure chambers via ducts 131 and 132. The sensor element 130 and other electronic circuitry 160 can be placed on the same circuit board inside the blood pump 10. One exemplary advantage of having the sensor element 130 on the same circuit board as the other electronic circuitry 160, is that all electronic circuitry 160 of the blood pump 10 can be arranged together and provided in a dedicated sealed space in the blood pump 10.

Figure 3a is a schematic view showing separate atrial and thoracic pressure chambers arranged distanced from each other and from the sensor element 130. The atrial pressure chamber 111 and the thoracic pressure chamber 121 are connected to the sensor element 130 via first and second ducts 131 and 132, respectively. The first and second chamber ports 133 and 134, where the ducts connect the pressure chambers and the sensor element, are also shown. The first pressure chamber, sensing the pressure in the atrium of the blood pump 10, is arranged on a side surface of the blood pump housing and the second pressure chamber, sensing the pressure in the intrathoracic space, is arranged on another side surface of the pump housing. A controller unit 13 is also disclosed.

Figure 3b is a schematic view showing a common pressure chamber housing 150 with oppositely directed membranes 113 and 123. The sensor element 130 is arranged inside the housing 150. The controller unit 13 is also disclosed. The common pressure chamber housing 150 combines the atrial and thoracic pressure chambers 111 and 121 into a single unit, with the sensor element 130 arranged inside, simplifying the overall design and construction of the sensor system 100.

The pressure sensor system 100 is a device designed to monitor and measure pressure within a blood pump 10 and within the intrathoracic space simultaneously. The system is composed of several components, each with a specific function and role in the overall operation of the system. The pressure sensor system 100 is designed to be capable of detecting changes in pressure differences between the atria 12 in the blood pump 10 and the intrathoracic space. A high level of sensitivity is achieved through the use of advanced sensor technology and the careful design and arrangement of the system's components. The pressure sensor system 100 is also designed to be highly flexible, allowing it to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations. This flexibility is achieved through the use of modular components that can be easily arranged and reconfigured to suit the specific requirements of the blood pump 10.

The pressure sensor system 100 is specifically designed for use with a blood pump 10 such as an artificial heart or heart assist pumps. The blood pump 10 is a medical device used to replace or assist the natural heart in pumping blood throughout the body 1 . The blood pump 10 is typically implanted within the human body 1 , within the thorax 2, and is connected to an atrium or atrial remnant of the heart and the aorta and/or pulmonary artery of the human body 1 . The pressure sensor system 100 is integrated into the blood pump 10 and is designed to monitor and measure pressure differences between the atria 12 of the heart and/or blood pump 10 and the intrathoracic space. This pressure data is then used to control the operation of the blood pump 10, ensuring that it is functioning correctly and efficiently, without risk of collapsing the atrium and/or blood vessels connected thereto.

The human body 1 is the environment in which the blood pump 10 and the pressure sensor system 100 are designed to operate. The blood pump 10 is typically implanted within the human body 1 , normally within the thorax 2, and is connected to the atrium 12 or atrial remnant of the heart and the aorta and/or pulmonary artery of the human body 1. The pressure sensor system 100 is integrated into the blood pump 10 and is designed to monitor and measure the pressure within the blood pump 10. This pressure data is then used to control the operation of the blood pump 10, ensuring that it is functioning correctly and efficiently.

The thorax 2 is a part of the human body 1 and is the typical location for the implantation of the blood pump 10, i.e. at the same position as the natural heart. The thorax 2 contains the heart and the lungs, and is surrounded by the rib cage. The thorax 2 provides a protected and stable environment for the blood pump 10, ensuring that it can operate effectively and efficiently. The space within the thorax 2 is referred to as the intrathoractic space 3. The intrathoractic space 3 is the space towards which the thoracic membrane 123 of the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 is directed, allowing it to measure the pressure within the thorax/intrathoracic space 2, 3.

The blood pump 10 is a medical device designed to assist or even replace (i.e. artificial heart) the natural heart in pumping blood throughout the human body 1. The blood pump 10 is typically implanted within the human body 1 , often within the thorax 2, and is connected to the atrium 12 of the heart. The blood pump 10 is designed to operate efficiently and effectively, ensuring that blood is pumped throughout the body 1 at a consistent and controlled rate. The blood pump 10 is typically made from a biocompatible material, ensuring that it is safe for use within the human body 1.

The blood pump 10 is equipped with a pressure sensor system 100, which is designed to monitor and measure the pressure within the pump. The pressure sensor system 100 is integrated into the blood pump 10 and is composed of several components, including an atrial pressure chamber housing 110, a thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, and a sensor element 130. These components work together to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10, ensuring that the pump is functioning correctly and efficiently. The pressure data captured by the pressure sensor system 100 is then used to control the operation of the blood pump 10, ensuring that it is pumping blood at the correct rate and pressure.

The controller unit 13 is a component of the blood pump 10 and is designed to control the operation of the blood pump 10 based on the output signal from the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 is typically equipped with a variety of features and functions, including the ability to adjust the flow rate of the blood pump 10, monitor the status of the blood pump 10, and respond to changes in the pressure within the blood pump 10. The controller unit 13 is designed to be highly responsive and accurate, ensuring that the blood pump 10 operates efficiently and effectively.

The controller unit 13 is typically in communication connection with the sensor element 130, allowing it to receive and process the pressure data captured by the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 uses this pressure data to control the operation of the blood pump 10, adjusting the flow rate of the pump as needed to ensure that blood is pumped throughout the body 1 at the correct rate and pressure. The controller unit 13 can be a central controller unit 13 or be distributed among a plurality of controller units 13.

The blood pump housing 11 is a component of the blood pump 10 and is designed to contain and protect the various components of the pump, including the atrial pressure chamber housing 110, the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, and the sensor element 130. The blood pump housing 11 is typically made from a biocompatible material, ensuring that it is safe for use within the human body 1 . The blood pump housing 11 is designed to be durable and robust, capable of withstanding the pressures and stresses it is subject to within the human body 1 .

The blood pump housing 11 is typically designed to be compact and lightweight, allowing it to be easily implanted within the human body 1. The housing 11 is also designed to be easily integrated with the other components of the blood pump 10, including the atrial pressure chamber housing 110, the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, and the sensor element 130. This integration allows the blood pump housing 11 to effectively contain and protect these components, ensuring that they function correctly and efficiently.

The atrium 12 is a space within the blood pump 10 and is designed to receive blood from the body 1 and pump it into the pump, and therefrom out in the body 1 . The atrium 12 is connected to the natural atrium or atrial remnant of the natural heart. The atrial pressure chamber 111 is arranged in connection with the atrium 12, allowing the pressure within the atrium 12 to be accurately measured and monitored by the pressure sensor system 100. It is understood that in the context of this disclosure the meaning of atrium is the artificial atrium of the blood pump 10, if nothing else is said.

The atrial pressure chamber housing 110 is a component of the pressure sensor system 100. The atria pressure chamber housing 110 is designed to house the atrial pressure chamber 111. The housing 110 is typically made from a rigid, biocompatible material, such as steel, titanium, ceramic, biocompatible polymers, medical-grade alloys, or platinum. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and compatibility with the physiological environment within the human body 1. The atria pressure chamber housing 110 is designed to be pressure stable, meaning that it does not deform or change shape under the pressures it is subject to within the blood pump 10.

The atria pressure chamber 111 , with its atria opening 112 is formed within the atria pressure chamber housing 110. The atria pressure chamber 111 is a sealed environment, created by the atria membrane 113 covering the atria opening 112. The atria pressure chamber 111 is filled with a pressure transferable medium, such as silicon oil, which allows pressure to be transferred from the atria membrane 113 via the pressure chamber 111 to the sensor element 130.

The atria membrane 113 is made from a biocompatible material, such as polyurethane or a similar substance. The atria membrane 113 is designed to be sensitive to changes in pressure from space it is facing. Arranged in a blood pump 10, it faces the atria 12 of the blood pump 10, allowing it to flex inwards and outwards and thereby transmit this pressure changes on its outside to the pressure transferable medium inside the atria pressure chamber 111.

The atria pressure chamber housing 110 is typically arranged in or on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 , with the atria membrane 113 facing a blood cavity connected to the atria 12. This arrangement allows the atria pressure chamber housing 110 to accurately measure the pressure within the atria 12 of the blood pump 10.

The thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 is a component of the pressure sensor system 100. The thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 is designed to house the thoracic pressure chamber 111. The thoracic pressure housing 120 is typically made from a rigid, biocompatible material, such as steel, titanium, ceramic, biocompatible polymers, medical-grade alloys, or platinum. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and compatibility with the physiological environment within the human body 1. The thoracic pressure housing 120 is designed to be pressure stable, meaning that it does not deform or change shape under the pressures it is subject to within the blood pump 10.

The thoracic pressure chamber 121 , with its thoracic opening 122 is formed within the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. The thoracic pressure chamber 121 is a sealed environment, created by the thoracic membrane 123 covering the thoracic opening 122. The thoracic pressure chamber 121 is filled with a pressure transferable medium, such as silicon oil, which allows pressure to be transferred from the thoracic membrane 123 via the thoracic pressure chamber 121 to the sensor element 130.

The thoracic membrane 123 is made from a biocompatible material, such as polyurethane or a similar substance. The thoracic membrane 123 is designed to be sensitive to changes in pressure from the space it is facing. Arranged in a blood pump 10, it faces the intrathoracic space 3 of the human body 1 , allowing it to flex inwards and outwards and thereby transmit this pressure changes of the intrathoracic space 3 to the pressure transferable medium inside the thoracic pressure chamber 121 and therefrom the sensor element 130. The thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 is typically arranged in or on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 , with the thoracic membrane 113 facing the intrathoracic space 3. This arrangement allows the sensor element 130 to measure the pressure within the intrathoracic space 3 of the human body 1 .

The sensor element 130 is a component of the pressure sensor system 100 and is designed to measure and process pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. As disclosed in the different exemplary embodiments sensor element 130 can be arranged inside or partly inside one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, or it can be arranged remotely from at least one of these housings. This flexibility in positioning allows the sensor element 130 to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations.

The sensor element 130 can be connected to the pressure chambers 111 , 112 via respective ducts 131 , 132, chamber ports 133, 134 and sensor ports 136, 137. The The chamber ports 133, 134 are the interface between the pressure chambers 111 , 112 and the ducts 131 , 132, connecting to the sensor ports 136, 137 provided on the sensor element 130 and which facilitates a surface for sensing the pressure subjected thereon. These connections allow the sensor element 130 to receive pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 and process these signals into a readable format, simultaneously as the sensor element 130 can be arranged on a distance from the pressure source. The sensor element 130 is typically equipped with amplifiers to boost the signal, filters to remove noise, and analog-to-digital converters for digital output. These features ensure that the pressure data captured by the sensor element 130 is accurate, reliable, and easy to interpret.

The first sensor port 135 is a feature of the sensor element 130. The first sensor port 135 is designed to receive pressure signals from the atria pressure chamber 111. The pressure signals can be transferred to the first sensor port 135 via a first duct 131 , which connects the atria pressure chamber 111 to the sensor element 130. The first sensor port 135 is designed to accurately receive pressure signals to the sensor element 130 for processing. Alternatively, the first sensor port 135 is arranged in direct connection to the atria pressure chamber 111 , without any additional ducts. The second sensor port 136 is a feature of the sensor element 130. The second sensor port 136 is designed to receive pressure signals from the thoracic pressure chamber 121. The pressure signals can be transferred to the second sensor port 136 via the second duct 132, which connects the thoracic pressure chamber 121 to the sensor element 130. The second sensor port 136 is designed to receive these pressure signals to the sensor element 130 for processing. Alternatively, the second sensor port 136 is arranged in direct connection the thoracic pressure chamber 121 , without any additional ducts.

The sensor element 130 is capable of sensing the pressure difference between the first and second input port. This ability to sense the pressure difference allows the sensor element 130 to be smaller and more cost-effective, as only the pressure difference between two sources needs to be sensed. This also results in a smaller device, as only one sensor element is needed, even though two pressures are used as input. This design feature provides a distinct advantage in terms of cost, size, and efficiency.

The first chamber port 133 is feature of the atria pressure chamber housing 110. The first chamber port 133 is designed to facilitate a pressure connection between the atria pressure chamber 111 and the sensor element 130 and can comprise of a passage in the atria pressure chamber housing 110. The first chamber port 133 facilitate a connection point for the first sensor port 135, which can be connected to the first chamber port 133 directly or indirectly via additional ducts.

The second chamber port 134 is a feature of the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. The second chamber port 134 is designed to facilitate a pressure connection between the thoracic pressure chamber 121 and the sensor element 130 and can comprise of a passage in the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. The second chamber port 134 facilitate a connection point for the second sensor port 136, which can be connected to the second chamber port 134 directly or indirectly via additional ducts. The first and second ducts 131 , 132 are components of the pressure sensor system 100 and are designed to connect the pressure chambers 111 , 121 with the sensor element 130. The ducts 131 , 132 allows pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chamber 111 , 121 to be transferred to the sensor element 130, which thereby can be arranged distanced from both or one of the pressure chambers 111 , 121 .

The ducts 131 , 132 are filled with a pressure transferable medium, such as silicon oil, to enable pressure to be transferred from the pressure chambers 111 , 121 to the sensor element 130. The pressure chambers 111 , 121 , the ducts 131 , 132, the respective ports and the sensor element 130 forms together a pressure system designed to be highly sensitive and accurate, capable of detecting pressure changes between the atria 12 of the blood pump and the intrathoracic space 3.

The ducts 131 , 132 can be integrated into the blood pump housing 11 , provided as an external tube, or a combination of both. This flexibility in design allows the ducts 131 , 132 to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations.

The ducts and/or tubes are typically made from a biocompatible material that is pressure stable, such as silicone, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene, or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). These materials are chosen for their ability to withstand the pressures they are subject to within the blood pump 10 without deforming or changing shape.

In some configurations, the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 are provided in a common housing 150. This common housing 150 combines the two pressure chamber housings into a single unit, simplifying the overall design and construction of the pressure sensor system 100. The common housing 150 can e.g. be made from a rigid, biocompatible material, such as steel, titanium, ceramic, biocompatible polymers, medical-grade alloys, or platinum. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and compatibility with the physiological environment within the human body 1. The common housing 150 can be a formed integrally or be a plurality of housing parts forged together. In some configurations, the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 are provided as separate housings as exemplary disclosed in Fig. 3a and 3c. The separation of the housing enables flexibility in the configuration and arrangement of the pressure sensor system 100.

Fig. 3c discloses a pressure sensor system 100, which is arranged to measure the pressure in and surrounding the blood pump 10. The thoracic and atrial pressure chamber housing 110, 120 are separated from each other and the sensor element 130 is provided inside the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. The pressure chamber 111 of the atrial pressure chamber housing 110 is connected to the sensor element 130 via the chamber port 135 and the duct 131 .

The person skilled in the art understands that a configuration with the sensor element 130 arranged in the atrial pressure chamber housing 110 is also possible, even though it is not disclosed.

Fig. 3b and Fig. 4 discloses exemplary and schematic views of a common pressure chamber housings 150 integrated in a side wall 10.1 of a blood pump or artificial heart 10. The common housing 150 is provided with a rigid separation wall 151 , separating the two pressure chambers 111 , 121 from each other. The separation wall 151 is rigid in the sense that is prevents the pressures in the respective pressure chamber 111 , 121 , does not influence each other.

In Fig. 4 the separation wall 151 is formed such that that both of the two pressure chambers 111 , 121 having a respective space on the same level in the pressure chamber housing 150. This enables that the chamber ports 133, 134 can be arranged on the same level, on the outside of the blood pump side wall 10.1. In the disclosed examples this results in a s-shaped cross section of the side 10.1 but could also be realised through other shapes of the separation wall 151 , e.g. by providing a groove, valley or similar in the separation wall 151 .

In Fig. 4 the common housing 150, the separation wall 151 and the attachment portion 140 is formed such that that both of the two pressure chambers 111 , 121 having a respective space on one thoracic side of the blood pump 10, when the common pressure chamber housing 150 is arranged in a side wall of the blood pump 10. The chamber ports 133, 134 can be arranged in these respective spaces, and thereby enables an easy connection to the sensor element 130 outside the blood pump side wall 10.1 . In the disclosed examples this results in a s-shaped cross section of the side 10.1 but could also be realised through other shapes of the separation wall 151 , e.g. by providing a groove, valley or similar in the separation wall 151 .

The use of an integrated differential pressure sensor is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10. This method involves the simultaneous measurement of the pressure in the intrathoracic space 3 and the atria, the processing of the signal from the sensing element, and the output of the thoracic pressure and/or the atrium pressure respectively or a combined signal representing the pressure difference. This method allows for a more precise control of the blood pump 10 due to the possibility to measure thoracic and atria pressure simultaneously and thereby by avoid a collapse of the atria due to a higher pressure in the intrathoracic space 3 than in the atria 12.

The simultaneous pressure measurement is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10. This method involves the simultaneous measurement of the pressure of the thorax and the atria inlet, or even just measuring the pressure difference between the two pressure chambers. This simultaneous measurement allows for a more accurate and reliable measurement of the pressure within the blood pump 10, as it takes into account the pressure in both the thorax and the atria inlet.

The atria and thoracic pressure sensing is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10. This method involves the sensing of the pressure in both the atria and the thorax. The atria pressure is sensed by the atria pressure chamber 111 , while the thoracic pressure is sensed by the thoracic pressure chamber 121. The pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 are then transferred to the sensor element 130 for processing. This method allows for a more accurate and reliable measurement of the pressure within the blood pump 10, as it takes into account the pressure in both the atria and the thorax simultaneously. The signal processing and conversion is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately process and convert the pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. This method involves the use of the sensor element 130, which is designed to process the pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 and convert them into a readable format. The sensor element 130 is typically equipped with amplifiers to boost the signal, filters to remove noise, and analog-to-digital converters for digital output. These features ensure that the pressure data captured by the sensor element 130 is accurate, reliable, and easy to interpret.

The conversion to a readable format is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately convert the pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 into a format that can be easily read and interpreted. This method involves the use of the sensor element 130, which is designed to convert the pressure signals into a digital format. The sensor element 130 is typically equipped with an analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog pressure signals into a digital format. This digital format can then be easily read and interpreted by the controller unit 13, allowing it to accurately control the operation of the blood pump 10.

The output of pressure values is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately output the pressure values from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. This method involves the use of the sensor element 130, which is designed to output a signal representing the pressure values from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. The sensor element 130 is typically equipped with a digital output, which allows it to output the pressure values in a digital format. This digital format can then be easily read and interpreted by the controller unit 13, allowing it to accurately control the operation of the blood pump 10.

The combined signal representation is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately represent the pressure values from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. This method involves the use of the sensor element 130, which is designed to output a combined signal representing the pressure difference between the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121. This combined signal provides a more accurate and reliable representation of the pressure within the blood pump 10, as it takes into account the pressure in both the atria and the thorax.

The automatic control of the blood pump 10 is a method employed by the controller unit 13 to accurately control the operation of the blood pump 10 based on the output signal from the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 is typically equipped with a variety of features and functions, including the ability to adjust the flow rate of the blood pump 10, monitor the status of the blood pump 10, and respond to changes in the pressure within the blood pump 10. The controller unit 13 is designed to be highly responsive and accurate, ensuring that the blood pump 10 operates efficiently and effectively.

The control based on pressure values is a method employed by the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately control the operation of the blood pump 10. This method involves the use of the controller unit 13, which is designed to control the operation of the blood pump 10 based on the pressure values obtained from the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 uses these pressure values to adjust the flow rate of the blood pump 10, ensuring that blood is pumped throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure and thereby avoiding the risk of collapse of the atria or blood vessels due to a atria pressure rising above the thoracic pressure. This method allows for a more precise control of the blood pump 10, as it takes into account the pressure within the atria and the thorax.

The operational process of the pressure sensor system 100 involves several steps, the sensing of pressure within the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 , the processing of the pressure signals by the sensor element 130, and the control of the blood pump 10 based on the processed pressure signals.

The pressure sensor system 100 is typically positioned such that the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 are arranged in or on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 , with the atria membrane 113 facing a blood cavity connected to the atria 12 and the thoracic membrane 123 facing a space outside of the blood pump 10. This arrangement allows the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 to accurately measure the pressure within the atria and the thorax, respectively. The sensing of pressure within the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 involves the use of the atria and thoracic membranes 113, 123. These membranes are designed to be highly sensitive and accurate, capable of detecting minute changes in pressure within the atria and the thorax. The pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 are then transferred to the sensor element 130 for processing.

The processing of the pressure signals by the sensor element 130 involves the use of amplifiers to boost the signal, filters to remove noise, and analog-to-digital converters for digital output. These features ensure that the pressure data captured by the sensor element 130 is accurate, reliable, and easy to interpret.

The control of the blood pump 10 based on the processed pressure signals involves the use of the controller unit 13. The controller unit 13 uses the pressure data from the sensor element 130 to control the operation of the blood pump, adjusting the flow rate of the pump as needed to ensure that blood is pumped throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure. This operational process allows the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10, ensuring that the pump is functioning correctly and efficiently.

The installation of the pressure sensor system 100 is a process that involves the integration of the system into the blood pump 10. This process typically involves the positioning of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 within the blood pump 10. These housings are typically arranged in or on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 , with the atria membrane 113 facing a blood cavity connected to the atria 12 and the thoracic membrane 123 facing a space outside of the blood pump 10. This arrangement allows the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 to accurately measure the pressure within the atria and the thorax, respectively.

The installation process also involves the connection of the sensor element 130 to the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 This connection is typically achieved through the use of the first and second ducts 131 , 132, which are designed to transfer pressure signals from the pressure chambers to the sensor element 130. The sensor element 130 is typically arranged inside or partly inside one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120, or it can be arranged remotely from at least one of these housings. This flexibility in positioning allows the sensor element 130 to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations.

The positioning of the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 is a process that involves the careful arrangement of these chambers within the blood pump 10. The atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 are typically arranged in or on a side wall of the blood pump housing 11 , with the atria membrane 113 facing a blood cavity connected to the atria 12 and the thoracic membrane 123 facing a space outside of the blood pump 10. This arrangement allows the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 to accurately measure the pressure within the atria and the thorax, respectively. In one exemplary embodiment the thoracic pressure chamber 121 is arranged such that the thoracic membrane 123 is facing outwards from the blood pump 10 close the connection between the atria 12 of the blood pump 10 and the atria or atria remnant of the natural heart.

The positioning of the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 can be adjusted to suit the specific requirements of the blood pump 10. For example, the chambers can be positioned close to where the blood pump connects to the human body 1 , i.e. the atria of a natural heart, or one or both can be positioned at a distance from this connection point. This flexibility in positioning allows the pressure sensor system 100 to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations.

The pressure sensing and signal processing is a process that involves the measurement of pressure within the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 and the processing of these pressure signals by the sensor element 130. The atria and thoracic membranes 113, 123 are designed to be highly sensitive and accurate, capable of detecting minute changes in pressure within the atria and the thorax. The pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 are then transferred to the sensor element 130 for processing. The sensor element 130 is equipped with a variety of features designed to accurately process the pressure signals. These features include amplifiers to boost the signal, filters to remove noise, and analog-to-digital converters for digital output. These features ensure that the pressure data captured by the sensor element 130 is accurate, reliable, and easy to interpret.

The pressure difference sensing and signal amplification is a process that involves the measurement of the pressure difference between the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 and the amplification of these pressure signals by the sensor element 130. The sensor element 130 is designed to sense the pressure difference between the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 , allowing it to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10.

The sensor element 130 can also be equipped with amplifiers designed to boost the pressure signals. These amplifiers increase the strength of the pressure signals, ensuring that they can be accurately processed and interpreted by the sensor element 130. This process of pressure difference sensing and signal amplification allows the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10, ensuring that the pump is functioning correctly and efficiently.

The blood pump control is a process that involves the control of the operation of the blood pump 10 based on the pressure signals processed by the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 is designed to control the operation of the blood pump, adjusting the flow rate of the pump as needed to ensure that blood is pumped throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure.

The controller unit 13 uses the pressure data from the sensor element 130 to control the operation of the blood pump 10. This pressure data can include the pressure values from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers 111 , 121 , as well as a combined signal representing the pressure difference between these chambers. The controller unit 13 uses this pressure data to adjust the flow rate of the blood pump, ensuring that blood is pumped throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure. The flow control based on pressure values is a process that involves the control of the flow rate of the blood pump 10 based on the pressure values obtained from the sensor element 130. The controller unit 13 uses these pressure values to adjust the flow rate of the blood pump, ensuring that blood is pumped throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure. Depending of the type of blood pump, the flow rate can be controlled by controlling a stroke rate and/or stroke volume.

The controller unit 13 is designed to be highly responsive and accurate, capable of making complex calculations and adjustments in real-time to ensure the optimal operation of the blood pump 10. This process of flow control based on pressure values allows the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately control the operation of the blood pump 10, ensuring that the pump is functioning correctly and efficiently.

The pressure sensor system 100 can be implemented in a variety of different configurations and designs, depending on the specific requirements of the blood pump 10. In some examples, the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 are integrated into a common housing 150. This common housing 150 combines the two pressure chamber housings into a single unit, simplifying the overall design and construction of the pressure sensor system 100.

In other examples, the sensor element 130 is arranged inside or partly inside one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. This arrangement allows the sensor element 130 to be easily integrated into the blood pump 10, simplifying the overall design and construction of the pressure sensor system 100.

In yet other examples, the sensor element 130 is arranged remotely from at least one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. This arrangement allows the sensor element 130 to be positioned in a location that is optimal for the measurement and monitoring of pressure within the blood pump 10. These examples illustrate the flexibility and versatility of the pressure sensor system 100, demonstrating its ability to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations.

In one example of the pressure sensor system 100 configuration, the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120 are integrated into a common housing 150. This common housing 150 combines the two pressure chamber housings into a single unit, simplifying the overall design and construction of the pressure sensor system 100. The common housing 150 is typically made from a rigid, biocompatible material, such as steel, titanium, ceramic, biocompatible polymers, medical-grade alloys, or platinum. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and compatibility with the physiological environment within the human body 1. The common housing 150 is designed to be pressure stable, meaning that it does not deform or change shape under the pressures it is subject to within the blood pump 10. The common housing 150 is also filled with a pressure transferable medium, such as silicon oil, which allows pressure to be transferred from the atria pressure chamber 111 and the thoracic pressure chamber 121 to the sensor element 130.

In another example, as disclosed in Fig. 3a and 3c of the pressure sensor system 100, the sensor element 130 is arranged inside or partly inside one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. This arrangement allows the sensor element 130 to be easily integrated into the blood pump 10, simplifying the overall design and construction of the pressure sensor system 100 and minimising the need for ducts to transfer the pressure. The sensor element 130 is connected to the electronic circuitry 160 of the blood pump via an electric cable/wire.

In another example, the sensor element 130 is arranged remotely from at least one of the atria pressure chamber housing 110 and the thoracic pressure chamber housing 120. This arrangement allows the sensor element 130 to be positioned in a location where there is space available within the blood pump 10 in order to priorities other design factors. Additionally, the sensor element 130 can in this configuration be arranged in a protected environment inside the blood pump. The pressure sensor system 100 has a variety of potential applications, particularly in the field of medical devices and biomedical research, and specifically for blood pumps in a heart assisting pump or artificial heart.

In the field of medical devices, the pressure sensor system 100 can be used in a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations. The pressure sensor system 100 is designed to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the blood pump 10 and especially an artificial heart, ensuring that the pump is functioning correctly and efficiently. This allows the blood pump 10 to pump blood throughout the body at the correct, flow and/or rate and pressure, improving the overall health and well-being of the patient.

The pressure sensor system 100 is particularly well-suited for use in blood pump devices, such as artificial hearts. These devices are typically implanted within the human body 1 , often within the thorax 2, and are connected to the atria 12 of the heart. The pressure sensor system 100 is integrated into the blood pump device and is designed to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within the pump. This allows the blood pump device to pump blood throughout the body at the correct rate and pressure, improving the overall health and well-being of the patient. The pressure sensor system 100 can be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations, making it a versatile and flexible solution for a wide range of medical applications.

The pressure sensor system is suitable for use in a blood pump, but is also suitable in the field of biomedical research and development, the pressure sensor system 100 can be used in a variety of different applications, where a precis measurement of two different pressures is required. The pressure sensor system 100 is designed to accurately measure and monitor pressure, making it a valuable tool for researchers studying the cardiovascular system, blood flow dynamics, and the effects of different medical devices on the body. The pressure sensor system 100 can be used in both in vivo and in vitro studies, providing researchers with accurate and reliable pressure data. The pressure sensor system 100 is particularly well-suited for use in biomedical research and testing. Researchers can use the pressure sensor system 100 to accurately measure and monitor the pressure within a blood pump or other cardiovascular device, providing them with valuable data that can be used to improve the design and performance of these devices. The pressure sensor system 100 can also be used in studies investigating the effects of different pressures on the body, providing researchers with a reliable and accurate tool for measuring pressure. The pressure sensor system 100 can be easily integrated into a variety of different research setups, making it a versatile and flexible tool for biomedical research and testing.

In conclusion, the pressure sensor system 100 is a sophisticated and versatile device that can be used in a variety of different applications, from medical devices to biomedical research. The pressure sensor system 100 is designed to accurately measure and monitor pressure, providing valuable data that can be used to improve the performance of blood pumps and other cardiovascular devices. The pressure sensor system 100 is also designed to be flexible and adaptable, allowing it to be easily integrated into a variety of different blood pump designs and configurations. This makes the pressure sensor system 100 a valuable tool for both medical professionals and biomedical researchers.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," and/or "including" when used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "upper" or "lower" or "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element to another element as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the aspects described above and illustrated in the drawings; rather, the skilled person will recognize that many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present disclosure and appended claims. In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed aspects for purposes of illustration only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the disclosure being set forth in the following claims.

Claims

Claims

1 . A pressure sensor system (100) for a blood pump (10), the pressure sensor system (100) comprising: an atrial pressure chamber housing (110) a thoracic pressure chamber housing (120), and a sensor element (130), wherein the atrial pressure chamber housing (110) comprises an atria pressure chamber (111 ) with an atrial opening (112), and an atrial membrane (113) is arranged to cover the atrial opening (112), and the thoracic pressure chamber housing (120) comprises a thoracic pressure chamber (121 ) with a thoracic opening (122), and a thoracic membrane (123) is arranged to cover the thoracic opening (122), and both the atrial pressure chamber (121 ) and the thoracic pressure chamber (122) are in pressure connection with the sensor element (130) for sensing processing pressure signals from the atrial and thoracic pressure chambers (110, 120).

2. The pressure sensor system (100) according to claim 1 , wherein the atrial membrane (113) and the thoracic membrane (123) are arranged essentially opposite each other.

3. The pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first pressure chamber housing (110) and the second pressure chamber housing (120) are provided in a common housing (150).

4. The pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor element (130) is arranged inside or partly inside one of the atria pressure chamber housing (110) and the thoracic pressure chamber housing (120) or the sensor element (130) is arranged remotely from at least one of the atria pressure chamber housing (110) and the thoracic pressure chamber housing (120).

5. The pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a first duct (131 ) for connecting the atria pressure chamber (111 ) with the sensor element (130), and/or a second duct (132) for connecting the thoracic pressure chamber (121 ) with the sensor element (130).

6. The pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sensor element (130) is configured to output a signal representing a pressure difference between the atria pressure chamber (111 ) and the thoracic pressure chamber (121 ).

7. The pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the sensor element (130) is configured to sense a pressure difference between the atrial pressure chamber (111 ) and the thoracic pressure chamber (121 ).

8. A blood pump (10) comprising a pressure sensor system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The blood pump (10) according to claim 8, further comprising a controller unit (13) for controlling the blood pump (10) based on an output signal from the sensor element (130).

10. The blood pump (10) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the atria pressure chamber housing (110) and the thoracic pressure chamber housing (120) are arranged on or in a side wall of a blood pump housing (11 ).

11 . The blood pump (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the thoracic pressure chamber housing (110) is arranged such on the blood pump (100) that when the blood pump (10) is arranged in a human body, the thoracic membrane (123) is located in the intrathoracic space close to the atria (12) of the blood pump (10).

12. A method of controlling a blood pump (10) according to any one of the claim 8 to 11 , the method comprising: sensing the pressure of an atria (12) and an external environment simultaneously, using the pressure sensor system (100); processing the pressure signals from the atria and thoracic pressure chambers (111 , 121 ) using the sensor element (130); controlling the blood pump (10) at least partially based on the processed pressure signals.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising outputting an output signal comprising the atria pressure and the thoracic pressure respectively or a combined signal representing the pressure difference between the atria pressure and the thoracic pressure.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising controlling the flow rate of the blood pump (10) based on the output signal from the sensor element (130).