PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 TITLE OF THE INVENTION A PESTICIDAL EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE COMPOSITION COMPRISING DIMETHOATE AND CYPERMETHRIN FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to a synergistic stable emulsifiable concentrate composition having enhanced bio-efficacy comprising Dimethoate and Cypermethrin in bio effective synergistic amount. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing such composition and a method of using such composition effectively. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests or weeds. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has defined pesticide as: any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals, causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs, or substances that may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids, or other pests in or on their bodies. The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, or agent for thinning fruit or preventing the premature fall of fruit. Also used as substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport. Generally, Dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both by contact and through ingestion. It is readily absorbed and distributed throughout plant tissues, and is degraded relatively rapidly. It can be described by following formula;
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001
Dimethoate The standard compositions of Dimethoate available in the art are Dimethoate 30.00% EC. Cypermethrin (CP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. It is easily degraded on soil and plants but can be effective for weeks when applied to indoor inert surfaces. It is a non-systemic and non-volatile insecticide that acts by contact and ingestion, used in agriculture and in pest control products having chemical formula as below;
Cypermethrin The standard compositions of Cypermethrin available in the art are 10.00% EC, 25% EC, 10% SC, and 00.25% DP. There was none of the prior arts documents available disclosing the Emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising particular bio effective synergistic amount of Dimethoate and Cypermethrin in combination with particular adjuvants in specific amount weight percent ratio with respect to said emulsifiable concentrate. SOLUTION TO LONG FELT NEED AND MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM In order to provide the solution of long felt need, the inventors of the present invention conducted extensive study and comes up with a stable synergistic emulsifiable concentrate formulation with composition comprising bio-effective synergistic amount of Dimethoate active content particularly in an amount ranging
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 from 15% to 25% weight percent ratio and Cypermethrin active content particularly in an amount ranging from 1.0 % to 10.0% weight percent ratio with respect to the said emulsifiable concentrate in the form easy to use for farmers and which is stable, prepared by without much complex and economically efficient manufacturing process. OBJECTIVE AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention conducted extensive study and has derived a synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising Dimethoate and Cypermethrin as active ingredients with the following objectives/advantages 1) The principal objective of this invention was to develop synergistic Emulsifiable concentrate formulation having significant broad spectrum efficacy, safety upon use, environmental protection, low toxicity and not creating phytotoxicity to any part of the plant. 2) Further objective of the present invention was to develop composition in particular form which is stable and has bio efficacious synergistic pesticidal property. 3) The development of synergistic and stable composition which is not having harmful effects on natural enemies and results in significant crop yield after crop treatment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an agrochemical synergistic pesticidal combination and its composition as an Emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising Dimethoate and Cypermethrin . Synergistic Emulsifiable concentrate formulation of instant invention comprises bio-effective synergistic amount of Dimethoate active content particularly in an amount ranging from 15% to 25% weight percent ratio and Cypermethrin active content particularly in an amount ranging from 1.0 % to 10.0% weight percent ratio with respect to the said emulsifiable concentrate, along with particular agriculturally acceptable adjuvants in particular amounts.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Yet another aspect of the present invention is having synergistic Emulsifiable concentrate formulation with significant broad spectrum bio-efficacy, stable, safety upon use, environmental protection, low toxicity and not creating phytotoxicity to any part of the plant. Therefore, one aspect of present invention was to use adjuvant particularly the emulsifier, processed vegetable oil, synthetic or widely available commodities like those derived from oilseeds, epoxidized oil, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, which results present Emulsifiable Concentrate having excellent rainfastness property and emulsification property after application. Yet another aspect of the present invention is that, it has hydrolytic stability i.e. the ability of composition ingredients to withstand chemical decomposition in the presence of water and further instant emulsifiable concentrate composition is stable even at lower atmospheric conditions of 0-10 oC, which making this emulsifiable concentrate composition pesticidal utility suitable for colder agrochemical conditions. Also, present invention concentrate is considered to be rainfast after application on plants or crops along with having translaminar property. Hence selection of particular adjuvants independently in particular amount is main aspect of present invention. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to prepare composition in the form easy to use for farmers and can be prepared by without much complex manufacturing process. Yet another aspect of the present invention is that it synergistically acts to have broader excellent pesticidal utility against plurality of pest and/or insects in various crops is given in Table 1. Table 1 Crops Pest/Insects Cotton Aphids, Jassids, Thrips, Whitefly, Bollworms, Spotted bollworm, American bollworm, Pink bollworm Rice Leaf folder, Stem borer GLH, Gall midge, Hispa, Thrips Wheat Shoot fly
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Bajra Milky weed bug Maize Stem borer, Shoot fly Sorghum Midge Castor Jassids, Mites, Semi looper Mustard Leaf minor, Aphid, Sawfly Brinjal Shoot & fruit borer, Red spider mite, Jassids, Epilachna beetle (Hadda beetle) Safflower Aphid Tomato Fruit borer, Two spotted spidermite, Aphid, Whitefly Chilli Aphids, Thrips , Mite, Pod borer, Fruit borer, Yellow mite Pigeon pea Pod borer, pod fly Onion Thrips Potato Thrips, Aphids Apricot Aphid Banana Aphid, Lace wing bug Citrus Black citrus aphid Bhindi (Okra) Aphids, Leaf hopper, Jassids, Thrips, Whitefly, shoot borer, Fruit & Shoot Borer, Red spider mite Fig Fig Jassid Chickpea Pod borer Groundnut Thrips, leaf Hopper, leaf miner Cabbage Diamond back moth, Aphids Cauliflower Painted bug, Mustard Aphid Mango Hoppers, Thrips, Mealy bug, Hopper Red gram Pod borer Grapes Thrips Tea Tea looper, Red spider mite, Pink Mite, Purple mite, Scarlet mite Cumin Aphids, Thrips Apple Red spider mite, Twospotted mite, Stem borer Coconut Eriophyid mites Sunflower Bihar hairy caterpillar Rose Scale, Thrips Yet another aspect of the present invention is that it synergistically acts to results in significant crop yield after crop treatment without having harmful effects on natural enemies. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 The term “pesticide” or “pesticidal” is similar to “insecticide” or “insecticidal” and it is used interchangeably in this whole specification. Also, the term “insecticidal formulation” or “pesticidal formulation” or “agrochemical formulation” can be used interchangeably in this whole specification. The phrase "insecticidal effective amount" or “pesticidal effective amount” or “bio-effective amount” means the amount of an agrochemical actives or pesticide or insecticide needed to achieve an observable effect on a disease or pest and/or activity of a pest in a locus, this effect may come about when pest populations are repulsed from a locus, pests are incapacitated in or around a locus and/or pests are exterminated in or around a locus. Of course, a combination of these effects can occur. Generally, disease or pest populations or activity of pest and/or combination of these effects are desirably reduced more than fifty percent, preferably more than 90 percent and most preferably more than 99 percent. The formulation of present invention synergistically acts to have excellent effect on disease or pest and/or activity of a pest, thus it has excellent insecticidal or pesticidal utility in control of disease or pest. Synergism is the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. As described in the Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America, Ninth Edition, 2007, p. 429, “synergism” [is] an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied separately. Colby's formula is applied to determine synergistic effect, as provided in WEEDS 1967, 15, 22. E = (X + Y) – (X×Y) 100 Wherein; X= is individual response of active (a) Dimethoate; and Y = is individual response of active (b) Cypermethrin; For Synergy, O/E > 1 wherein; E = expected (or predicted) combination response when applied as (a) + (b)
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 O = observed response of composition when applied in synergistically bio- effective manner as (a) + (b) The phrase “synergistically effective amount” of the formulation and composition means a sufficient amount to provide the desired insecticidal or pesticidal effect. In general, the formulation employed must be stable, do not cause phytotoxic damage to any part of the plant, non-toxic and environmentally harmonious i.e. safe to natural enemies. Synergistic Emulsifiable concentrate formulation of instant invention comprises bio-effective synergistic amount of Dimethoate active ingredient content particularly in an amount ranging from 15% to 25% weight percent ratio, preferably in an amount in between 18% to 25% by weight of emulsifiable concentrate and Cypermethrin active ingredient content particularly in an amount ranging from 1.0 % to 10.0% weight percent ratio, preferably in an amount in between 1 to 8% by weight of emulsifiable concentrate, along with particular agriculturally acceptable adjuvants in particular amounts. The present invention has rainfastness property and good translaminar property when applied to the plant. An adjuvant used in the present invention is any material that is added to an agrochemical formulation to enhance or modify the performance of the formulation. An adjuvants used in the present invention to make it a safer to ecological environmental, having low toxicity and having no phytotoxicity effects on any part of the plant. The term “adjuvant(s)” is similar to “inactive excipient(s)” and used interchangeably in this whole specification. In accordance with the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvants. Synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition of present invention comprises emulsifier which is selected from the group comprising of Ethoxylated Pentadecyl Phenol, trestcrylphenol, calcium salt of linear alkyl benzene sulphinic acid (Calcium Benzene sulphonates), Dimethylaminoethanol, 2-Amino-2-Methyl- 1-Propanol, dimenhydrinate (DMN), lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, nonyl phenol
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 ethoxylate, castor oil ethoxylate, petroleum and combination thereof, present in an amount in between 1% to 20% weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate. According to preferred embodiment emulsifier used in the present invention is present in an amount in between 1% to 15% weight percent ratio with respect to said emulsifiable concentrate. The emulsifier in the present invention has important factor in making present emulsifiable concentrate stable and bio-effective. Basically, emulsifier allows the active ingredient in the solvent to mix with water to form an emulsion. Hence, due to the particular selection of emulsifier, present emulsifiable concentrate has rainfastness property with hydrolytic stability. A pesticide is considered rainfast after application if it has adequately dried or has been absorbed by plant tissues so that it will still be effective after rainfall or irrigation. The inventors of the present invention conducted extensive study and comes up with suitable composition comprising effective amount of particular adjuvants. This particular independent selection of the adjuvant in particular amount provides good rainfastness to the Emulsifiable concentrate composition of present invention. The present invention has hydrolytic stability i.e. the ability of ingredients to withstand chemical decomposition in the presence of water when the instant invention is diluted with water for application. Further instant emulsifiable concentrate is stable even at lower atmospheric conditions of 0-10 oC, making it suitable for colder agrochemical conditions. A synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition of present invention comprises stabilizer which is selected from the group comprising of processed vegetable oil, synthetic or widely available commodities like those derived from oilseeds such as epoxidized oil, soya oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, castor oil, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, butylhydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), methyl oleate and combination thereof, present in an amount in between 0.5% to 10% weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate. According to preferred embodiment stabilizer is synthetic or widely available commodities like those derived from oilseeds such as synthesize epoxidized soybean oil (epoxidized soy
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 oil) present in an amount in between 1 % to 8% weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate. . Solvent and Co-solvent used in the present invention is selected from the group comprising of C-9 (C-IX) Solvent, Cyclohexane, Cyclohexanone, Benzene, Xylenes, Cumene, 1,2,4-trimethyl-Benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl-Benzene, ethylmethyl-benzene, ethyltoluene mixed isomers, Solvent naphtha, petroleum, light aromatic, n-Butyl Alcohol, Mono chloro benzene and combination thereof present in an amount in between 5% to 70 % weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate. According to preferred embodiment solvent used in present invention present in an amount in between 5 % to 65% weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate, more preferably in an amount in between 10 % to 65% weight percent ratio with respect to said concentrate. Present invention has low VOCs content (volatile organic compounds content) which is technical advancement. Additionally, the leaf cuticle functions as a barrier that can inhibit absorption, penetration and transport of foliar-applied pesticides into the leaf. The leaf cuticle is very lipophilic (an affinity for dissolving in lipids), which can impact penetration of pesticides into the leaf. The permeability of the leaf cuticle is an important factor that can influence penetration and subsequently movement through leaf tissues, and varies depending on the presence of cuticular waxes on the leaf surface. Leaf cuticle permeability can differ among plant species and cultivars, therefore, reduced penetration and movement through the leaf tissues may indirectly impact suppression of pests with pesticides. An effective amount of emulsifier, solvent, co-solvent and epoxide soybean oil in the present invention leads the pesticides to enter the plant leaf after application of formulation with penetration occurring primarily through the leaf cuticle. The mechanism involved in penetration and movement into leaves via the leaf cuticle is by diffusion. Hence, emulsifier, solvent, co-solvent and epoxidized soybean oil (soy oil) of present invention provides spreadable and translaminar property to the formulation which give excellent synergistic mode of action in effectively control of the target pest.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Optionally, anti-foaming agent to prevent formation of foam can be used in the present invention is selected from the group comprising silicon defoamer, polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylhydrosiloxane and cyclomethicones. The antifoaming agent may facilitate spraying of insecticide while reducing the chances of the sprayer becoming clogged with foam or entrained air. Optionally, the present invention comprises anti-microbial agent selected from the group comprising of benzisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, commercially available with trade name PROXEL GXL® , which is a 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2- benzisothiazolin-3-one. Instant synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition has relative density in the range of 0.9 g/ml to 1.5 g/ml and flash point of composition is above 30 oC, preferably 24.5 oC. The present synergistic emulsifiable concentrate is being employed in a synergistically effective amount dose in ranging from 100 gram/hectare to 175 gram/hectare, wherein that dosage not cause phytotoxic damage to any part of a plant even at 2X and 4X times of recommended dosage. The present invention composition is safe to a plurality of natural enemies. The following illustrations of examples are intended to illustrate a stable synergistic pesticidal formulation and its excellent pesticidal utility, but in no way limit the scope of the present invention. EXAMPLES EXAMPLE-1 The illustrated examples of present invention is related to a stable synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising synergistically bio- effective amount of active Dimethoate and Cypermethrin in composition with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants, providing significant broad spectrum efficacy. Manufacturing Procedure to prepare synergistic Emulsifiable Concentrate composition comprising synergistically bio-effective amount of actives Dimethoate and Cypermethrin:
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Charge required quantity of solvent in SS Vessel. Charge required quantity of Dimethoate and Cypermethrin actives technical under stirring. Continue stirring to dissolve the technical. Add required quantity of emulsifier and stabilizer under stirring at 25 oC to 30 oC. Stir for 1 hour. Sampling for testing was done. Continue stirring for another 3-4 hours to get desired homogenous bio-effective emulsifiable concentrate solution comprising Dimethoate and Cypermethrin. The Synergistic Emulsifiable Concentrate compositions obtained from the above process is tabulated in Table 2: Table 2: Synergistic Emulsifiable Concentrate compositions Ingredients Quantity % w/w Composition Composition Composition Composition 1 2 3 4 Dimethoate a.i. content 20.00 20.00 15.00 25.00 Cypermethrin a.i. 3.00 3.00 1.00 10.00 content Soya Oil 1.00 1.00 0.50 8.00 Cyclohexanone 25.00 20.00 10.00 15.00 n-Butyl Alcohol - 5.00 - 2.50 Mono chloro benzene - 5.00 - 2.50 Ethoxylated Pentadecyl 2.00 - 5.0 - Phenol/trestcrylphenol Calcium Benzene 2.00 - 5.0 - sulphonates Dimethylaminoethanol - 4.00 - 1.00 (DMA) Dimenhydrinate(DMN) - 4.00 - 1.00 Solvent C-IX (Q.S.) 47.00 38.00 63.50 35.00 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 EXAMPLE-2 (STABILITY STUDY) Stability study of present invention a synergistic emulsifiable concentrate composition was done for 14 days at 54 oC. Analysis of before heat stability test
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 (BHST) and after heat stability test (AHST) was compared. Results revealed that present synergistic emulsifiable concentrate compositions are stable. There is No specific active ingredient detoriation was observed in emulsifiable concentrate. Stability Results are tabulated in Table 3. 5 Table 3: Stability Test Results S.No. Test Composition 1 Composition 2 Composition 3 Composition 4 Parameters / Specification *BHST *AHST *BHST *AHST *BHST *AHST *BHST *AHST 1 Description (Stable homogeneous liquid free from Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies extraneous matter) 2 Dimethoate a.i. content(%w/w) 20.05 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 25.00 25.00 3 Cypermethrin a.i. 3.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 0.99 10.00 10.00 content(%w/w) 4 Emulsion Stability (in SHW 342 rpm Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies at 30 oC for 1 hr.) 5 Cold Test at 0oC (Specification: No turbidity or layer separation Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies after 1 hr. at 10 degree centigrade) 6 Flash Point (Not below 24.5 degree Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies Complies centigrade) 7 Persistent Foaming (Max 40 ml after 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil min.) 8 Relative Density 0.9915 0.9915 0.9914 0.9914 0.9914 0.9914 0.9914 1.0000 (g/ml)) 9 Acidity (H2SO4) % by 0.03% 0.04% 0.03% 0.03% 0.04% 0.04% 0.06% 0.06% mass
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 (Max.1.00%) Or Alkalinity (NaOH) % by mass (Max.0.20%) * BHST = before heat stability test (BHST); AHST = after heat stability test EXAMPLE-3: BIO-EFFICACY STUDY Dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an 5 enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both by contact and through ingestion. It is readily absorbed and distributed throughout plant tissues, and is degraded relatively rapidly. Cypermethrin (CP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic 10 purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. It is easily degraded on soil and plants but can be effective for weeks when applied to indoor inert surfaces. It is a non-systemic and non-volatile insecticide that acts by contact and ingestion, used in agriculture. Bio efficacy study of present synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate 15 formulation comprising particular amount of Dimethoate and Cypermethrin was done. The results revealed that present invention composition has broader enhanced bio efficacy, it is synergistic, and have no effects on natural enemies’ i.e. environmentally harmonious, does not have any phytotoxicity and in use increasing productivity in plant/crop yield. 20 EXAMPLE 3.1 FIELD EXPERIMENT (BIO-EFFICACY STUDY) Evaluation of Bio-efficacy and Phyto-toxicity of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop. Methodology 25 The details of experiment are provided in Table 4.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Table 4 Objective (a) To evaluate the bio-efficacy against Shoot and fruit borer, Jassids, Epilachna beetle. (b) To asses Phyto-toxicity on crops, (c) Effect on Natural enemies (d) Effect on yield Emulsifiable Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC Concentrate Crop Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Pest against which Shoot and fruit borer, Jassids, Epilachna tested beetle Design/Layout Randomized Block design (RBD) Replications 3 (Three) Varieties used Super Disha (F1 Hybrid) Plot Size 5m x 4m Spacing 60 cm x 60 cm (Row to Row and Plant to Plant) No. of application 2 (Two) Nature of application Foliar spray Equipment used Knapsack sprayer Table 5: Treatment Details: Bio-efficacy Evaluation Sl. Dosage Water for Treatment gm. Formulation Dilution No. a.i./ha (ml) ( Liters/ha) T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 114.8 650 500 T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 123.6 700 500 T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 132.5 750 500 T4 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 141.3 800 500
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 T5 Dimethoate 30% EC(Commercially available) 200 660 500 T6 Cypermethrin 25% EC (Commercially 50 200 500 available) T7 Control (Untreated) - - 500 Phyto-toxicity evaluation Dosage Water for Sl. Treat gm. Formulation Dilution No. ment a.i./ha (ml) (Liters/ha) T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 141.3 800 500 T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 282.6 1600 500 T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 565.2 3200 500 T4 Control (Untreated) - - 500 Bio-efficacy study: To evaluate Bio-efficacy and Phyto-toxicity of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC field trail was conducted. Brinjal variety was shown in seed beds to raise the nursery. About one month old brinjal seedlings were transplanted in main field maintaining 60 cm x 60 cm plant to plant and row to row distance. Two sprays of test insecticide Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC along with standard check Dimethoate 30% EC (Mfg. by Jai Shree Rasayan Udyog Ltd.) @ 660 ml/ha and Cypermethrin 25% EC @ 200 ml/ha (Mfg by M/s Chemet crop Science Pvt. Ltd) were sprayed at 15 days interval at crossing of ETL by the target insects in the experimental plots. Pre-treatment population of Shoot and Fruit borer Jassids and Epilachna beetle was recorded on five plants per plot and post treatment populations was also recorded in each plot at 1 and 7 days for Shoot and fruit borer whereas, jassids and Epilachna beetle population was recorded at 1,3, 7 and 15 days after each treatment. Percent reduction in population over control was worked out using Henderson and Tilton formula. The values were then transformed to arc sine transformation for analysis. The result observed after bio efficacy study in Brinjal crop against Shoot and fruit borer, Jassids, Epilachna beetle in 1, 3, 7 and 15 is tabulated in below Tables 6, 7 and 8 respectively.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Table 6: Bio-efficacy results of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC against Shoot and Fruit borer in Brinjal Sl. Treatments Dose/ha Per cent Fruit infestation after each spray Overall % Fruits No. g. a.i. Formula Pre- I Spray II Spray Mean Damage tion Treatment 7 DAS 15DAS 7DAS 15 DAS reduction (ml) over control T1 Dimethoate 20% + 114.8 650 6.00 2.01 1.00 0.96 0.25 1.05 88.44 Cypermethrin 3% (11.15) (12.22) (10.41) (98.91) (9.61) (10.58) EC T2 Dimethoate 20% + 123.6 700 5.56 2.05 1.02 1.00 0.40 1.11 87.76 Cypermethrin 3% (13.63) (10.72) (9.70) (8.25) (7.71) (9.18) EC T3 Dimethoate 20% + 132.5 750 5.92 2.00 0.90 0.82 0.35 1.02 88.80 Cypermethrin 3% (14.06) (8.98) (7.54) (6.52) (5.70) (7.38) EC T4 Dimethoate 20% + 141.3 800 6.12 1.92 0.75 00.62 0.22 0.87 90.38 Cypermethrin 3% (14.31) (8.62) (5.85) 5.59() (5.22) (6.48) EC T5 Dimethoate 30% EC 200 660 5.63 4.57 4.28 3.99 3.06 3.97 56.46 (Commercially (13.71) (10.89) (10.43) (9.95) (8.25) (3.92) available) T6 Cypermethrin 25% 50 200 5.69 4.21 4.12 3.14 2.56 3.50 61.58 EC (Commercially (13.78) (10.32) (10.17) (8.40) (7.14) (9.10) available) T7 Control (Untreated) - - 6.10 7.38 8.13 9.77 10.80 9.13 (14.29) (15.76) (16.57) (18.21) (19.19) (17.59) S. Em + NS 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.23 0.25 CD at 5% NS 0.32 0.,48 0.45 0.71 0.78 Figures in Parenthesis are arcsin √percentage transformed values; N.S. Non – Significant; DBA – Day before Spray; DAS – Days after spray. Table 7: Bio-efficacy results of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC against Jassids Sl. Treatments Dose/ha Mean Jassids population/ plant after %No. Overa Jlalssids Mean population reduction over control g. a.i. Formu Pre- I Spray II Spray
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 lation Treat 1 3 7 15 1 3 7 15 (ml) ment DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS Dimethoat 114. 65 16.85 9.18 6.30 5.12 4.06 3.50 2.75 1.68 1.09 4.2180.79 e 20% + (4.16) (3.41) (3.23) (3.01) (2.56) (2.52) (2.5) (2.48) (2.34) (2.78) Cypermeth 8 0 rin 3% EC Dimethoat 123. 70 17.14 8.22 6.02 5.16 4.10 3.03 2.25 1.19 0.92 3.8682.38 e 20% + 6 0 (4.2) (3.11) (2.89) (2.58) (2.36) (2.19) (1.93) (1.90) (1.88) (2.40) Cypermeth rin 3% EC Dimethoat 132. 75 16.74 7.50 5.10 4.18 2.47 1.87 1.15 1.95 0.80 3.1385.72 e 20% + 5 0 (4.15) (3.00) (2.56) (2.16) (1.99) (1.83) (1.62) (1.56) (1.46) (1.83) Cypermeth rin 3% EC Dimethoat 141. 80 17.25 6.83 4.76 3.92 2.47 2.10 1.47 1.08 0.72 3.0386.17 e 20% + (4.21) (2.70) (2.29) (2.10) (1.72) (1.61) (1.40) (1.21) (1.10) (1.87) Cypermeth 3 0 rin 3% EC Dimethoat 200 66 16.55 15.65 14.77 12.92 11.73 10.80 8.57 7.97 4.93 10.9150.19 e 30% EC 0 (4.12) (3.32) (3.04) (2.90) (2.68) (2.50) (2.25) (2.11) (2.10) (2.65) (Commerc ially available) Cypermeth 50 20 16.62 14.15 12.95 11.01 10.20 9.25 8.50 6.35 5.31 9.7157.07 rin 25% 0 (4.13) (2.94) (2.90) (2.74) (2.58) (2.39) (2.23) (2.20) (1.95) (2.51) EC (Commerc ially available) Control - - 16.92 18.95 19.28 20.03 20.90 22.35 23.10 24.15 26.60 21.92 - (Untreated (4.17) (4.41) (4.44) (4.53) (4.62) (4.78) (4.85) (4.96) (5.20) (4.73) ) S. 0.175 0.223 0.212 0.345 0.322 09.39 0.26 0.214 0.26 0.278 - Em + CD NS 0.694 0.693 0.784 0.648 0.864 0.462 0.424 0.469 0.630 - at 5% The figures in parentheses are mean square root (√^^ + 0.5) transformed value. Mean of three replications N.S.: Non – Significant; DBS: Days before Spray DAS – Days after spray.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Table 8: Bio-efficacy results of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC against Epilachna beetle Sl. Treatments Dose/ha Mean Epilachna beetle population/ plant after Overall %No. MeanEpilachna population reduction over control g. a.i. Formu Pre- I Spray II Spray lation Treat 1 3 7 15 1 3 7 15 (ml) ment DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS DAS T1 Dimethoat 114.8 650 3.35 1.80 1.27 1.08 0.88 0.71 0.53 0.42 0.38 0.88 80.62 e 20% + (1.96) (1.83) (1.69) (1.53) (1.47) (1.38) (1.29) (1.25) (1.19) (1.46) Cypermeth rin 3% EC T2 Dimethoat 123.6 700 3.27 1.78 1.40 1.22 0.96 0.72 0.62 0.58 0.46 0.96 78.94 e 20% + (1.94) (1.50) (1.41) (1.30) (1.28) (1.24) (1.19) (1.14) (1.12) (1.28) Cypermeth rin 3% EC T3 Dimethoat 132.5 750 3.34 1.17 1.02 0.97 0.85 0.63 0.58 0.50 0.38 0.76 83.33 e 20% + (1.95) (1.29) (1.23) (1.21) (1.16) (1.06) 1.03) (1.00) (0.93) (1.12) Cypermeth rin 3% EC T4 Dimethoat 141.3 800 3.29 0.91 0.86 0.71 0.65 0.57 0.42 0.37 0.25 0.59 87.06 e 20% + (1.94) (1.18) (1.16) (1.10) (1.07) (1.03) (0.95) (0.93) (0.86) (1.04) Cypermeth rin 3% EC T5 Dimethoat 200 660 5.38 4.14 3.69 2.34 1.10 1.00 0.95 0.88 0.80 2.53 44.40 e 30% EC (1.96) (1.62) (1.47) (1.35) (1.26) (1.22) (1.20) (1.17) (1,14) (1.31) (Commerc ially available) T6 Cypermeth 50 200 4.33 3.95 3.43 2.28 1.04 0.90 0.89 0.73 0.64 2.27 50.22 rin 25% (1.95) (1.56) (1.38) (1.33) (1.24) (1.18) (1.17) (1.10) (1.06) (1.26) EC (Commerc ially available) T7 Control - - 3.21 3.56 4.23 4.29 4.45 4.72 4.84 5.14 5.25 4.56 - (Untreated (1.92) (2.01) (2.17) (2.18) (2.22) (2.28) (2.31) (2.37 (2.39) (2.24) ) S. Em + 0.008 0.141 0.147 0.201 0.140 0.171 0.150 0.209 0.131 0.161 - CD at 5% NS 0.425 0.432 0.522 0.416 0.496 0.436 0.530 0.412 0.459 - The figures in parentheses are mean square root (√^^ + 0.5) transformed value. Mean of three replications N.S.: Non – Significant; DBS: Days before Spray DAS – Days after spray.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 EXAMPLE 3.2: SYNERGISM ANALYSIS OF INSTANT INVENTION OF DIMETHOATE 20% + CYPERMETHRIN 3% EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE COMPOSITION As described in the Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America, Ninth Edition, 2007, p.429, “synergism” [is] an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor applied separately. Colby's formula is applied to determine synergistic effect, as provided in WEEDS 1967, 15, 22. E = (X + Y) – (X×Y) 100 Wherein; X= is individual response of active (a) Dimethoate and Y = is individual response of active (b) Cypermethrin; Ratio: Observed Control % (% O Value) Expected Control % (% E Value) For Synergy, O/E > 1, means synergy observed Bio efficacious Synergistic study has been done with taking seven treatments, synergism analysis reveals that Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% Emulsifiable Concentrate composition of present invention is synergistic. Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Shoot and fruit borer, Jassids, Epilachna beetle on the basis of bio-efficacy observation are tabulated in Tables 9, 10 and 11 respectively. Table 9: Treatments Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Composition Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Shoot and fruit borer
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Against Shoot and fruit Synergy borer If Colby’s Ratio % O Colby’ O/E > 1 % E s value value Ratio O/E T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 88.44 83.24 1.06 Yes T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 87.76 83.24 1.05 Yes T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 88.80 83.24 1.06 Yes T4 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 90.38 83.24 1.08 Yes T5 Dimethoate 30% EC (Market Standard)- commercially 56.46 83.24 0.67 NO available T6 Cypermethrin 25% EC (Market Standard)- 61.58 83.24 0.73 NO commercially available T7 Control (Untreated) 0.00 0.00 0.00 NO Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Jassids on the basis of bio-efficacy observation is tabulated in Table 10. Table 10: Treatments Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Jassids Composition Synergy Against Jassids If Colby’s Ratio
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 % O Col O/E > 1 % E by’s value value Ratio O/E T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 80.79 78.62 1.02 Yes T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 82.38 78.62 1.04 Yes T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 85.72 78.62 1.09 Yes T4 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 86.17 78.62 1.09 Yes T5 Dimethoate 30% EC (Market Standard)- commercially 50.19 78.62 0.63 NO available T6 Cypermethrin 25% EC (Market Standard)- 57.07 78.62 0.72 NO commercially available T7 Control (Untreated) 0.00 0.00 0.00 NO Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Epilachna beetle on the basis of bio-efficacy observation is tabulated in Table 11. Table 11: Treatments Synergistic Data of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC in Brinjal crop against Epilachna beetle Composition Synergy Against Epilachna beetle If Colby’s Ratio % O O/E > 1 % E Colby’s value value Ratio O/E T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 80.62 73.36 1.09 Yes
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 78.94 73.36 1.07 Yes T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 83.33 73.36 1.13 Yes T4 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 87.06 73.36 1.18 Yes T5 Dimethoate 30% EC (Market Standard)- commercially 46.49 73.36 0.63 NO available T6 Cypermethrin 25% EC (Market Standard)- 50.22 73.36 0.68 NO commercially available T7 Control (Untreated) 0.00 0.00 0.00 NO EXAMPLE 3.3: STUDY FOR EFFECTS ON NATURAL ENEMIES The results of study for impact of present composition on the occurrence of natural enemies Ladybird beetle, Spiders, Green lacewing insect, and Minute 5 pirate bug population was done and found that their population was not affected in the treated plots. Hence, the instant emulsifiable concentrate composition is safe to natural enemies. The result is tabulated in Table 12. Table 12 Treatment details Ladybird beetle Spiders Green Lacewing Minute Pirate Bug (Chrysoperla spp) (Coccinella spp.) (Orius Spp.) 0 Mean of 0 Mean of 0 Mean of 0 Day Mean of Day after Day after Spray Day after Spray after Spray spray T1-Dimethoate 20% + 2.56 2.36 2.11 2.05 2.01 1.98 Cypermethrin 3% EC 1.80 2.80 T2-Dimethoate 20% + 2.57 2.37 2.12 2.06 2.02 1.99 Cypermethrin 3% EC 1.30 2.95
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 T3-Dimethoate 20% + 2.76 2.38 2.15 2.07 2.05 2.01 Cypermethrin 3% EC 2.10 3.05 T4-Dimethoate 20% + 2.91 2.40 2.17 2.10 2.07 2.03 Cypermethrin 3% EC 1.90 1.65 T5-Dimethoate 30% EC 2.77 2.35 2.11 2.04 2.01 1.97 (Market Standard)- 0.3 0.22 commercially available T6-Cypermethrin 25% 2.76 2.32 2.10 2.04 2.00 1.96 EC (Market Standard)- 2.00 2.15 commercially available T7-Control (Untreated) 2.71 2.40 2.12 2.08 2.02 2.01 1.40 3.45 EXAMPLE 3.4: STUDY FOR PHYTOTOXICITY EFFECT ON BRINJAL CROP Phyto-toxicity evaluation Dosage Water for Sl. Tre gm. Formulation Dilution No. atment a.i./ha (ml) (Liters/ha) T1 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 141.3 800 500 T2 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 282.6 1600 500 T3 Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC 565.2 3200 500 T4 Control (Untreated) - - 500 Phyto toxicity: To study Phytotoxic effects of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC was applied @ 800 ml./ha, @ 1600/ha (Double dose) and @ 3200 ml/ha (Four times 10 dose). Observations on phyto-toxicity (epinasty, hyponasty, yellowing, necrosis, leaf injury, vein clearing, stunting and wilting) were recorded at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 days after treatments by visual observations based on 0-10 scale as given below (Where 0 means ‘No phyto-toxicity` and 10 means ‘death of plant’). Phyto-toxicity observations scale: Rating Scale Phyto-toxicity Rating Scale Phyto-
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 (%) toxicity (%) 0 0 6 51-60 1 1-10 7 61-70 2 11-20 8 71-80 3 21-30 9 81-90 4 31-40 10 91-100 5 41-50 All Treatments were found good. Healthy crop without any phytotoxicity effects of present Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate Composition) observed on brinjal crop after application is tabulated in Table 13. 5 Table 13 Treatments Composition Dosage/ha Phyto-toxicity (Epinasty, hyponasty, yellowing, necrosis, leaf injury, vein clearing, stunting and wilting) gm. Formulati 1 3 7 10 15 a. i. on DAA DAA DAA DAA DAA (ml) T1 Dimethoate 20% + 141.3 800 0 0 0 0 0 Cypermethrin 3% EC T2 Dimethoate 20% + 282.6 1600 0 0 0 0 0 Cypermethrin 3% EC T3 Dimethoate 20% + 565.2 3200 0 0 0 0 0 Cypermethrin 3% EC T4 Control (Untreated) - - 0 0 0 0 0 *DAA= Days after application EXAMPLE 3.5: STUDY FOR EFFECT ON BRINJAL CROP YIELD This has been found that treatments with instant Emulsifiable Concentrate0 composition is resulting in more crop yield, which implies that instant invention is
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 synergistic and bio-effective. The crop yield on brinjal crop has been tabulated in Table 14. Table 14 Sl. Treatments Dose/ha Healthy Additional Yield No. gm. a.i. Formulation Brinjal fruit over control (ml) yield q/ha q/ha T1 Dimethoate 114.8 650 210.00 72.33 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC T2 Dimethoate 123.6 700 215.00 77.33 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC T3 Dimethoate 132.5 750 218.00 80.33 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC T4 Dimethoate 141.3 800 225.00 87.33 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC T5 Dimethoate 200 660 180.34 42.67 30% EC (Market Standard)- commercially available T6 Cypermethrin 50 200 182.34 44.67 25% EC (Market Standard)- commercially available T7 Control - - 137.67 - (Untreated) - - 3.32 - S. Em + - - 10.12 - CD at 5% Example 3.6: Residue/ persistence study in Brinjali crop and soil.
PCT-36-KREPL-2025-001 Residue study on brinjal crop & soil tested in comparison to control. The present invention of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate Composition) is safe and does not having any residual effects of brinjal fruit and soil analyzed from the research field. The result is tabulated in below Table 15. Table 15: Study of the chemical residue on the brinjal fruit and soil from the research field S.No. Treatments Residue/persistence of Dimethoate 20% + Cypermethrin 3% EC as individual active persistence in brinjal crop & soil at harvest 1 Dimethoate 20% + Below deduction Limit (BDL) Cypermethrin 3% EC 2 Control Below deduction Limit (BDL) The extensive study results reveals that the present invention of synergistic pesticidal emulsifiable concentrate formulation with composition comprising Dimethoate and Cypermethrin is bio efficacious, synergistic, safe to natural enemies and it has no toxicity. It is harmonious to plant/crop environment and does not has phytotoxicity on any parts of plant. Hence, instant composition is technical advance and economically significant in having excellent wider efficacy by resulting in significant crop yield after crop treatment. While this invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments rather, in view of the present disclosure, which describes the current best mode for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations, would present themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. This invention is susceptible to considerable variation in its practice within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.