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WO2025228143A1 - 一种电子设备 - Google Patents

一种电子设备

Info

Publication number
WO2025228143A1
WO2025228143A1 PCT/CN2025/089509 CN2025089509W WO2025228143A1 WO 2025228143 A1 WO2025228143 A1 WO 2025228143A1 CN 2025089509 W CN2025089509 W CN 2025089509W WO 2025228143 A1 WO2025228143 A1 WO 2025228143A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
connection point
radiator
switch
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/089509
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王吉康
余冬
王家明
薛亮
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025228143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025228143A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an electronic device.
  • the frame radiator is mainly used to form a linearly polarized antenna.
  • the area of the antenna with good radiation characteristics e.g., the antenna gain in this area is greater than or equal to AdBic, where A is the minimum gain value that meets the communication requirements of the satellite communication system
  • AdBic AdBic
  • the relative position of the electronic device and the satellite changes.
  • a low-Earth orbit satellite may move, potentially moving beyond the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics.
  • the user needs to change their grip or move the device to keep the satellite within the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics to maintain alignment or establish a connection with a new satellite. Otherwise, poor communication quality or even dropped calls will occur, significantly impacting the user's communication experience.
  • This application provides an electronic device including an antenna.
  • the antenna has a conductive portion of its frame as a radiator, and different switching circuits are connected to both sides of the radiator via switch coupling.
  • an electronic device comprising: a floor; a frame including a first position and a second position, the frame having a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position and the second position; an antenna including: a radiator including a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, at least a portion of the radiator being spaced apart from the floor; a feed circuit, the radiator including a feed point, the feed circuit being coupled to the feed point; a first switch branch, a second switch branch, and a first switch, the radiator including a first connection point, the first switch branch and the second switch branch being coupled to the first connection point via the first switch; a third switch branch, a fourth switch branch, and a second switch, the radiator including a second connection point, the third switch branch and the fourth switch branch being coupled to the second connection point via the second switch.
  • the radiator is used to generate a first resonance; based on the coupling of the first connection point to the second switch branch and the coupling of the second connection point to the fourth switch branch, the radiator is used to generate a second resonance; wherein, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, the first frequency band including the transmit frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band, or; the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, the second frequency band including the receive frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator includes the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator includes the second frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator can include the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator can include the second frequency band.
  • the antenna's operating frequency band may include the transmit frequency band and the receive frequency band within the satellite communication frequency band.
  • the feed circuit is used to transmit radio frequency signals in a first frequency band and radio frequency signals in a second frequency band.
  • the coupling between the first connection point and the ground, and the coupling between the second connection point and the ground can be adjusted.
  • This allows for adjustment of the current distribution on the radiator and the electric field distribution generated by the radiator, thereby deflecting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the first (or second) frequency band.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna's radiation pattern is brought closer to the communication satellite. Therefore, the electronic device exhibits good communication characteristics within a range of large angles (e.g., 50°, 60°, or 70°) relative to the top direction.
  • the resonances generated by the radiator are produced by the line DM mode described in the above embodiments.
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode does not have a strong current flowing to the ground; therefore, the current exciting the ground is small, and the ground's effect on the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode is similar to that of a reflector.
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode is mainly oriented towards the top of the electronic device (the direction in which the radiator is away from the ground, e.g., the y-direction).
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line CM mode has a stronger current flowing to the ground; therefore, the current exciting the ground is large, and the ground has a greater influence on the radiation pattern generated by the antenna.
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line CM mode is not mainly oriented towards the top of the electronic device (the direction in which the radiator is away from the ground, e.g., the y-direction).
  • the efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) of antennas resonating using the linear DM mode can meet the requirements of satellite communication.
  • the radiator extends in a straight line
  • both conductor loss and dielectric loss are relatively small under the action of the same current, resulting in higher efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) for the first antenna.
  • the loss is larger, leading to lower efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) for antennas resonating using the linear CM mode.
  • the antenna based on the coupling of the first connection point to the first switch branch and the coupling of the second connection point to the third switch branch, the antenna is used to generate a first radiation pattern, the maximum radiation direction of the first radiation pattern being the first direction; based on the coupling of the first connection point to the second switch branch and the coupling of the second connection point to the fourth switch branch, the antenna is used to generate a second radiation pattern, the maximum radiation direction of the second radiation pattern being the second direction, the first direction and the second direction being different.
  • the antenna's operating frequency band can include either the satellite system's transmission or reception frequency band in the different time slots.
  • the antenna can transmit radio frequency signals to or receive radio frequency signals transmitted by the communication satellite using either the generated first or second radiation pattern.
  • the angle between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 90°.
  • the width of the antenna radiation beam can be further widened, so that the antenna has good communication characteristics in a wider range of angles (the angle with the top direction).
  • the equivalent capacitance value of the first switch branch is greater than the equivalent capacitance value of the second switch branch, and the equivalent capacitance value of the third switch branch is less than the equivalent capacitance value of the fourth switch branch; or, the equivalent inductance value of the first switch branch is greater than the equivalent inductance value of the second switch branch, and the equivalent inductance value of the third switch branch is less than the equivalent inductance value of the fourth switch branch; or, the equivalent capacitance value of the first switch branch is greater than the equivalent capacitance value of the second switch branch, and the equivalent inductance value of the third switch branch is greater than the equivalent inductance value of the fourth switch branch.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator can all include the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator can all include the second frequency band. Therefore, the resonant point of the first resonance and the resonant point of the second resonance are approximately the same (e.g., the frequency difference is less than 50MHz).
  • the electrical length of the radiator when the first connection point couples to the first switch branch and the second connection point couples to the third switch branch is approximately the same as the electrical length of the radiator when the first connection point couples to the second switch branch and the second connection point couples to the fourth switch branch.
  • the switch branch loaded at the first connection point increases the length of the radiator
  • the switch branch loaded at the second connection point decreases the length of the radiator
  • the switch branch loaded at the second connection point increases the length of the radiator, so that the electrical length of the radiator is approximately the same when the connection points are coupled with different switch branches.
  • the border includes a first side and a second side that intersect at an angle, the length of the first side being less than the length of the second side; the first position is located on the first side, and the second position is located on the second side; wherein, the length L1 of the radiator on the first side and the length L2 of the radiator on the second side satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L1/L2) ⁇ 3.
  • the first position and the second position can both be located on the first side, and the radiator is in a straight line shape.
  • the first position can be located on the first side
  • the second position can be located on the second side, and the radiator is in a broken line shape.
  • the border length between the feed point and the first position is different from the border length between the feed point and the second position.
  • the first switch branch and the second switch branch are coupled between the first connection point and the floor via the first switch; the third switch branch and the fourth switch branch are coupled between the second connection point and the floor via the second switch.
  • the first switch branch and the second switch branch can adjust the coupling amount between the first connection point and the ground through the first switch
  • the third switch branch and the fourth switch branch can adjust the coupling amount between the second connection point and the ground through the second switch, thereby enabling the antenna to generate radiation patterns with different maximum radiation directions.
  • the frame further includes a third position, the first position being located between the second position and the third position, the frame having an insulating gap or being coupled to the ground at the third position;
  • the antenna further includes a first parasitic branch, the first parasitic branch including a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least a portion of the first parasitic branch being spaced apart from the ground; wherein, the first end of the radiator and the first end of the first parasitic branch are opposite to each other through the first insulating gap and do not contact each other, the first end of the radiator including the first connection point; the first end of the first parasitic branch including the third connection point, the first switch branch and the second switch branch being coupled between the first connection point and the third connection point through the first switch.
  • the antenna further includes a fifth switch branch, a sixth switch branch, and a third switch; wherein, the first end of the radiator includes a fourth connection point, and the length of the frame between the fourth connection point and the first position is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator; the fifth switch branch and the sixth switch branch are coupled between the fourth connection point and the floor through the third switch.
  • the fifth switch branch, the sixth switch branch, and the third switch can be used to determine the coupling amount between the radiator and the first parasitic stub, thereby adjusting the current on the first parasitic stub and the electric field distribution at the first end of the radiator, so that the antenna has different radiation characteristics on the first parasitic stub side, such as the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna on the first parasitic stub side.
  • the radiator and the first parasitic stub are used to generate the first resonance based on the coupling of the first connection point to the first switch branch, the coupling of the second connection point to the third switch branch, and the coupling of the fourth connection point to the fifth switch branch; the radiator and the first parasitic stub are used to generate the second resonance based on the coupling of the first connection point to the second switch branch, the coupling of the second connection point to the fourth switch branch, and the coupling of the fourth connection point to the sixth switch branch.
  • the frame has an insulating gap at the third position, and the length L0 of the radiator and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 2, or, the frame is coupled to the floor at the third position, and the length L0 of the radiator and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch satisfy: 0.25 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 1.
  • the antenna when the length L0 of the radiator and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch are within the above-mentioned range, the antenna can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • the first parasitic stub is used to adjust the electric field distribution at the first end of the radiator, thereby adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna on one side of the first parasitic stub.
  • the frame further includes a fourth position, the second position being located between the first position and the fourth position, the frame having an insulating gap at the fourth position or being coupled to the ground;
  • the antenna further includes a second parasitic branch, the second parasitic branch including a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the fourth position, at least a portion of the second parasitic branch being spaced apart from the ground; wherein, the second end of the radiator and the first end of the second parasitic branch are opposite to each other through the second insulating gap and do not contact each other, the second end of the radiator including the second connection point; the first end of the second parasitic branch including a fifth connection point, the third switch branch and the fourth switch branch being coupled between the second connection point and the fifth connection point through the second switch.
  • the antenna further includes a seventh switch branch, an eighth switch branch, and a fourth switch; wherein, the second end of the radiator includes a sixth connection point, and the length of the frame between the sixth connection point and the second position is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator; the seventh switch branch and the eighth switch branch are coupled between the sixth connection point and the floor through the fourth switch.
  • the seventh switch branch, the eighth switch branch, and the fourth switch can be used to determine the coupling amount between the radiator and the second parasitic stub, thereby adjusting the current on the second parasitic stub and the electric field distribution at the second end of the radiator, so that the antenna has different radiation characteristics on the second parasitic stub side, such as the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna on the second parasitic stub side.
  • the radiator, the first parasitic stub, and the second parasitic stub are used to generate the first resonance based on the coupling of the first connection point to the first switch branch, the coupling of the second connection point to the third switch branch, and the coupling of the sixth connection point to the seventh switch branch; the radiator, the first parasitic stub, and the second parasitic stub are used to generate the second resonance based on the coupling of the first connection point to the second switch branch, the coupling of the second connection point to the fourth switch branch, and the coupling of the sixth connection point to the eighth switch branch.
  • the frame has an insulating gap at the fourth position, and the length L0 of the radiator and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 2, or, the frame is coupled to the floor at the fourth position, and the length L0 of the radiator and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch satisfy: 0.25 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 1.
  • the antenna when the length L0 of the radiator and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch are within the above-mentioned range, the antenna can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • the second parasitic stub is used to adjust the electric field distribution at the second end of the radiator, thereby adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna on one side of the second parasitic stub.
  • the antenna further includes a power divider or a power divider phase shifter;
  • the feed point includes a first feed point and a second feed point, the radiator has a fifth insulating gap between the first feed point and the second feed point, the feed circuit is coupled to the input port of the power divider or the power divider phase shifter, the first port of the power divider or the power divider phase shifter is coupled to the first feed point, and the second port of the power divider or the power divider phase shifter is coupled to the second feed point.
  • the power divider or power divider phase shifter can be used to perform power distribution, or, while performing power distribution, can also adjust the phase of the radio frequency signals at the first port (first feed point) and the second port (second feed point), which can further increase the degree of freedom in adjusting the antenna's radiation characteristics (e.g., maximum radiation direction).
  • the antenna is further used to generate a third resonance, wherein the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonance and the resonant frequency of the third resonance is greater than one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the first resonance; based on the coupling of the first connection point to the second switch branch and the coupling of the second connection point to the fourth switch branch, the antenna is further used to generate a fourth resonance, wherein the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the second resonance and the resonant frequency of the fourth resonance is greater than one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the second resonance.
  • the third resonance is generated by the linear CM mode described in the above embodiments.
  • the third resonance can be understood as a resonance generated by a higher-order mode (e.g., a first-wavelength mode, a third-half-wavelength mode, etc.), or it can also be understood as a parasitic resonance generated by parasitic stubs arranged around the radiator.
  • the antenna In order for the antenna to have better linear DM mode radiation characteristics in the first frequency band (or the second frequency band) (e.g., no radiative efficiency dips appear in the resonant frequency band), no other resonant points appear within a certain range of the resonant frequency of the first resonance (second resonance).
  • the antenna further includes a first tuning branch and a second tuning branch; wherein the first tuning branch is coupled to the first connection point via the first switch, and the second tuning branch is coupled to the second connection point via the second switch; based on the coupling between the first connection point and the first tuning branch, and the coupling between the second connection point and the second tuning branch, the radiator is used to generate a fourth resonance; wherein the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the second resonance include the first frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance includes the second frequency band, or, the resonant frequency bands of the first resonance and the second resonance include the second frequency band, and the resonant frequency band of the fourth resonance includes the first frequency band.
  • the first switch branch, the second switch branch, the third switch branch, and the fourth switch branch can be used to switch the radiation characteristics (e.g., the direction of maximum radiation) of the antenna in the first or second frequency band.
  • the first tuning branch and the second tuning branch are used to switch the operating frequency band of the antenna, so that the antenna can operate in different time slots in the transmit or receive frequency band of the satellite communication system.
  • the border includes a first side and a second side that intersect at an angle, the first position is located on the first side, and the length of the first side is less than the length of the second side.
  • the antenna when at least a portion of the antenna's radiator is located on the short side of the electronic device, the antenna has better radiation characteristics in the top direction of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device is a wearable electronic device
  • the frame is ring-shaped.
  • the frame further includes a third position and a fourth position, the first position being located between the second position and the third position, the second position being located between the first position and the fourth position, the frame having an insulating gap or being coupled to the ground at the third position, and the frame having an insulating gap or being coupled to the ground at the fourth position;
  • the antenna further includes a first parasitic segment and a second parasitic segment, the first parasitic segment including a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the third position, the second parasitic segment including a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the fourth position, at least a portion of the first parasitic segment being spaced apart from the ground, and at least a portion of the second parasitic segment being spaced apart from the ground; wherein the radiator, the first parasitic segment, and the second parasitic segment are arranged in a ring.
  • the current on the first parasitic branch, the current on the second parasitic branch, and the current on the radiator are in the same direction.
  • the current on the first parasitic stub, the current on the second parasitic stub, and the current on the radiator can be arranged clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby enabling the antenna to have left-hand circular polarization characteristics or right-hand circular polarization characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of an antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of an antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 8 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 9 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 1 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 10 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 1 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 11 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 2 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 12 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 2 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 13 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 3 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 14 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 3 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 15 shows the simulation results of the radiation patterns generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5 in scenarios 1, 2 and 3.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 17 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 1 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 18 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 1 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 19 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 2 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 20 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16 in scenario 2.
  • Figure 21 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16 in scenario 3.
  • Figure 22 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scenario 3 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 23 shows the simulation results of the radiation patterns generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16 in scenarios 1, 2 and 3.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 27 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 28 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 29 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 33 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 30.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 35 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 34.
  • Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling.
  • "Coupled connection” can be understood as a direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection,” which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • Indirect coupling can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors in a non-contact manner.
  • indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive components.
  • Components/devices including at least one of lumped components/devices and distributed components/devices.
  • Lumped components/devices This refers to all components whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For signals, the characteristics of these components remain constant regardless of frequency. Lumped components/devices can include lumped capacitors, lumped inductors, etc.
  • Distributed elements/devices Unlike lumped elements, when a signal passes through an element, the characteristics of each point within the element will vary depending on the signal. Therefore, the element as a whole cannot be considered a single entity with fixed characteristics, and should be called a distributed element. Distributed elements/devices can include distributed capacitance, distributed inductance, etc.
  • Capacitance can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance.
  • Lumped capacitance includes capacitive components, such as capacitor elements; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) includes the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive components separated by a certain gap.
  • Lumped inductance can be understood as lumped inductance and/or distributed inductance.
  • Lumped inductance includes inductive components, such as inductive elements; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) includes the equivalent inductance formed through a conductive element of a certain length, such as the equivalent inductance formed by a conductor due to bending or rotation.
  • the term "antenna” is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves.
  • the modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction.
  • the receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.
  • Radiators may include conductors with specific shapes and sizes, such as wires or sheets, and this application does not limit the specific shape.
  • a wire radiator may be simply referred to as a wire antenna.
  • a wire radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be referred to as a frame antenna.
  • a wire radiator may be implemented by a support conductor, and may also be referred to as a support antenna.
  • the wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the wire radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., a length of approximately 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • the main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna).
  • each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed section.
  • an inverted-F antenna can be considered as a monopole antenna with an added ground path.
  • An IFA antenna has one feed point and one ground point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is inverted-F shaped.
  • the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA).
  • the sheet radiator may be implemented using a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive coating).
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet.
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste.
  • the shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular shapes, and this application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.
  • Radiators may also include slots or gaps formed on a conductor, for example, closed or semi-closed slots or gaps formed on a grounded conductor surface.
  • a slotted or slit radiator may be simply referred to as a slot antenna or a gap antenna.
  • the radial dimension (e.g., including width) of the slot or gap of the slot antenna/gap antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), while the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., a length of approximately 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • a radiator with a closed slot or gap may be simply referred to as a closed slot antenna.
  • a radiator with a semi-closed slot or gap (e.g., an opening added to a closed slot or gap) may be simply referred to as an open slot antenna.
  • the gap shape is elongated.
  • the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength).
  • the length of the gap is approximately an integer multiple of a wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength).
  • the slot can be fed by transmission lines connected across one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space.
  • the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame grounded at both ends, also known as a frame antenna; in this embodiment, the slot antenna or gap antenna can be viewed as including a linear radiator, the linear radiator being spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or gap.
  • the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a support conductor grounded at both ends, also known as a support antenna.
  • a power supply circuit is a circuit used for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals.
  • a power supply circuit can include a transceiver and an RF front-end.
  • the term "power supply circuit” is narrowly interpreted as an RF IC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), which can be considered to include both the RF front-end circuit (or RF front-end chip) and the transceiver.
  • the power supply circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., RF signals) into signals (e.g., digital signals). It is generally considered part of the RF component.
  • the electronic device may also include a test socket (or, RF socket or RF test socket).
  • This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable to test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuitry or the radiator of the antenna.
  • the RF front-end circuitry can be considered as the circuitry coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit can be integrated into a radio frequency front-end chip in an electronic device, or the radio frequency front-end circuit and the transceiver can be integrated into a radio frequency chip in an electronic device.
  • any two feed circuits in the first/second/...Nth feed circuit of this application may include the same transceiver.
  • one transmit channel of a transceiver may serve as the first feed circuit and one receive channel may serve as the second feed circuit, or for example, the first receive channel of a transceiver may serve as the first feed circuit and the second receive channel may serve as the second feed circuit.
  • Any two feed circuits in the first/second/...Nth feed circuit of this application may also include the same radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, the signal may be processed by a tuning circuit or amplifier in a radio frequency front-end circuit.
  • the two feed circuits in the first/second/...Nth feed circuit of this application typically correspond to two RF test sockets in an electronic device.
  • a matching circuit is a circuit used to adjust the radiation characteristics of an antenna.
  • the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator.
  • the matching circuit is coupled between the test mount and the radiator.
  • the matching circuit is a combination of circuits coupled between the radiator and the ground plane.
  • the matching circuit may include a tuning circuit and/or components, which may be components for switching the coupling connection of the radiator.
  • the matching circuit has impedance matching and/or frequency tuning functions. It is typically considered part of the antenna.
  • the grounding/feeding structure may include connectors, such as metal springs, and the radiator is coupled to the ground/feeding circuit via the grounding structure.
  • the feeding structure may include a transmission line/feeding wire, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.
  • End/Point in the context of an antenna radiator's first end/second end/feed end/ground end/feed point/grounding point/connection point should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered a point or segment on a continuous radiator.
  • an "end/point" can include a connection/coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures.
  • a feed end/feed point can be a coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a feed structure or feed circuit (e.g., a region facing a portion of the feed circuit).
  • a ground end/grounding point can be a connection/coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a ground structure or grounding circuit.
  • Open End/Closed End In some embodiments, open end and closed end are relative to whether or not they are grounded; a closed end is grounded, and an open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, open end and closed end are relative to other conductors; a closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, and an open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, an open end can also be called a floating end, free end, open end, or open circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end may also be referred to as the grounding end or the short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open end to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).
  • closed end can also be from the perspective of current distribution.
  • a closed end or ground end can be understood as a point of high current or low electric field on a radiator.
  • coupling electronic devices e.g., capacitors, inductors, etc.
  • opening a slit at or near the closed end e.g., filling the slit with insulating material
  • open terminal can also be from the perspective of current distribution.
  • An open terminal or a floating terminal can be understood as a point with a small current or a point with a large electric field on the radiator.
  • coupling electronic devices e.g., capacitors, inductors, etc.
  • an open terminal can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the point with a small current or a large electric field.
  • radiator end when an electronic device (e.g., capacitor, inductor, etc.) is coupled at the radiator end of a gap (which, from the perspective of the radiator's structure, is similar to the radiator at the opening of an open or floating end), the radiator end can be a point with a large current/small electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.
  • an electronic device e.g., capacitor, inductor, etc.
  • the "floating radiator” mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a radiator that is not directly connected to the feed line/feed branch and/or ground line/ground branch, but is fed and/or grounded through indirect coupling.
  • the suspended radiator may be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of an insulating back cover.
  • the current in the same direction/opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the main current on the same side of the conductor being in the same direction/opposite direction.
  • a current distributed in the same direction is excited on a conductor that is bent or looped (e.g., the current path is also bent or looped)
  • the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of a looped conductor e.g., on the conductors on both sides of a gap
  • current in the same direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has no reverse point.
  • current in opposite direction on a conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has at least one reverse point. In one embodiment, current in the same direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reverse point and flows in the same direction. In one embodiment, current in opposite direction on two conductors can mean that the current on both conductors has no reverse point and flows in opposite directions. Current in the same direction/opposite direction on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.
  • the resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, when the antenna/radiator mentioned in this application generates "first/second...resonance," the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna/radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna/radiator. It should be understood that the antenna/radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.
  • Resonant frequency band The range of resonant frequencies is the resonant frequency band.
  • the return loss characteristics at any frequency point within the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.
  • Communication band/operating band Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating band.
  • the resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap.
  • one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna can cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.
  • Electrical length This can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • Wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength” can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.
  • the wavelength of a radiation signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: Where ⁇ is the relative permittivity of the medium.
  • the wavelength in the embodiments of this application typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using this frequency.
  • the "medium wavelength” can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.
  • the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by an antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna.
  • the active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss.
  • Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and/or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.
  • efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.
  • Antenna return loss This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.
  • Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna's system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency.
  • an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard.
  • the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.
  • Antenna radiation pattern also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field as a function of direction at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar radiation patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.
  • Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams.
  • the beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes.
  • the side lobes the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.
  • Beamwidth refers to the angle between the antenna and the direction pointing towards the top of the electronic device (e.g., the y-direction). Within a first angle range, the gain of the antenna's radiation pattern is greater than or equal to a threshold. The first angle is the beamwidth. When the first angle is large, for example, greater than or equal to 60°, the antenna can be considered to have wide beam characteristics, and the antenna has good radiation characteristics within this angle range.
  • Directivity Also known as the antenna's directivity. It refers to the ratio of the maximum power density to the average power density on the antenna's radiation pattern at a certain distance from the antenna (far field), and is a dimensionless ratio greater than or equal to 1. It can be used to indicate the energy radiation characteristics of an antenna. The larger the directivity, the more energy the antenna radiates in a particular direction, and the more concentrated the energy radiation is.
  • Antenna gain Characterizes the degree to which an antenna concentrates the radiated input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe and the smaller the side lobes of the antenna pattern, the higher the antenna gain.
  • Antenna polarization At a given point in space, the electric field intensity E (vector) is a function of time t. As time progresses, the endpoint of the vector periodically traces a trajectory in space. If this trajectory is a straight line and perpendicular to the ground, it is called vertical polarization; if it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization. If the trajectory is elliptical or circular, and when viewed along the propagation direction, it rotates clockwise or right-handed with time, it is called right-hand circular polarization (RHCP); if it rotates counterclockwise or left-handed with time, it is called left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).
  • RHCP right-hand circular polarization
  • LHCP left-hand circular polarization
  • Ground Generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components.
  • Ground can be used for grounding components within an electronic device.
  • ground can be the grounding layer of a circuit board in an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the electronic device or a metal film formed beneath the screen.
  • the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias.
  • components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and/or ground layers in the circuit board.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials.
  • the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates.
  • grounding layers/ground planes/grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.
  • Grounding refers to coupling with the aforementioned ground/floor in any way.
  • grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a structural component of the mid-frame to achieve a physical ground at a specific location on the frame (or, physical ground).
  • grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices like capacitors/inductors/resistors connected in series or parallel (or, device ground).
  • the electronic device 10 may include: a cover 13, a display/module 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame 19, and a rear cover 21.
  • the cover 13 may be a glass cover, or it may be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cover.
  • the cover plate 13 can be set close to the display module 15, and can be mainly used to protect the display module 15 from dust.
  • the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • the mid-frame 19 primarily serves to support the entire device.
  • Figure 1 shows the PCB 17 positioned between the mid-frame 19 and the rear cover 21. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB 17 may also be positioned between the mid-frame 19 and the display module 15; this application does not limit this.
  • the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric, Rogers dielectric, or a hybrid of Rogers and FR-4 dielectric, etc.
  • FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade
  • Rogers dielectric is a high-frequency board.
  • Components, such as radio frequency chips, are carried on the PCB 17.
  • a metal layer can be disposed on the printed circuit board PCB 17.
  • This metal layer can be used for grounding components carried on the PCB 17, or for grounding other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc.
  • This metal layer can be called a ground plane, grounding plate, or grounding layer.
  • this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric layer in the PCB 17.
  • the metal layer for grounding may be disposed on the printed circuit board PCB 17 near the middle frame 19.
  • the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 17 may be considered as the edge of its ground layer.
  • the metal middle frame 19 may also be used for grounding the aforementioned components.
  • the electronic device 10 may also have other ground/grounding/grounding layers, as previously described, and will not be repeated here.
  • a ground plane/grounding layer is typically provided in the internal space 0-2mm from the inner surface of the frame (e.g., printed circuit boards, mid-frames, screen metal layers, batteries, etc. can all be considered part of the ground plane).
  • a medium is filled between the frame and the ground plane.
  • the length and width of the rectangle formed by the inner surface contour of the filling medium can be simply considered as the length and width of the ground plane; alternatively, the length and width of the rectangle formed by the superimposed contour of all conductive parts inside the frame can be considered as the length and width of the ground plane.
  • the electronic device 10 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure).
  • the battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15; this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the PCB 17 is divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, and the battery may be disposed between the motherboard and the daughterboard.
  • the motherboard may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the daughterboard may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.
  • the frame 11 primarily composed of conductive material, can be referred to as the conductive frame or metal frame of the electronic device 10, suitable for industrial design (ID) with a metallic appearance.
  • the outer surface of the frame 11 is primarily made of conductive material, such as metal, thus forming the appearance of a metallic frame.
  • the conductive portion of the outer surface of the frame 11 can be used as an antenna radiator of the electronic device 10, and is commonly referred to as a frame antenna.
  • the outer surface of the frame 11 is primarily made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, forming a non-metallic frame appearance suitable for non-metallic IDs.
  • the inner surface of the frame 11 may include a conductive material, such as a metallic material.
  • the conductive portion of the inner surface of the frame 11 can be used as an antenna radiator of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that the radiator (or the conductive material of the inner surface) disposed on the inner surface of the frame 11 can be attached to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the radiator and to be closer to the outside of the electronic device 10, achieving better signal transmission performance, and can also be referred to as a frame antenna.
  • the antenna radiator being attached to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 means that the antenna radiator can be tightly attached to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, or it can be embedded inside the non-conductive material, or it can be close to the inner surface of the non-conductive material. For example, there can be a small gap between the antenna radiator and the inner surface of the non-conductive material. It should be understood that both the conductive material and the non-conductive material can be considered as part of the frame 11.
  • the frame 11 may have insulating gaps, with the conductive portion of the frame between two insulating gaps or between the insulating gap and the grounding point serving as the radiator, thereby forming a frame antenna.
  • the insulating gap can be understood as a gap in the frame 11 filled with a non-metallic material (insulating material), in which case the gap is visible on the outer surface.
  • the insulating gap can be understood as a gap formed between two radiators on the inner surface of the frame 11, in which a non-metallic material (insulating material) may be placed, or it may not be filled with a non-metallic material, for example, by air; in this case, the gap is not visible on the outer surface.
  • the electronic device 10 is illustrated using a metal frame (conductive frame) and a visible slit (insulating gap).
  • the metal frame serves as at least part of the antenna radiator. It should be understood that the same technical effect can be achieved when the frame 11 of the electronic device 10 is a non-metallic frame (a slit not visible on the surface), but for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated further.
  • the middle frame 19 may include the frame 11.
  • the middle frame 19, including the frame 11, is a single unit that supports the electronic components in the device.
  • the cover plate 13 and the rear cover 21 respectively cover the upper and lower edges of the frame to form the housing of the electronic device.
  • the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11, and/or the middle frame 19 may be collectively referred to as the housing of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that “housing” may refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11, or the middle frame 19, or to any combination of the cover plate 13, the rear cover 21, the frame 11, or the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 can at least partially serve as an antenna radiator to transmit/receive radio frequency signals.
  • This portion of the frame serving as the radiator may have gaps between it and the rest of the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator.
  • the middle frame 19 may have an aperture at this portion of the frame serving as the radiator to facilitate antenna radiation.
  • the frame 11 may not be considered part of the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may be connected to and integrally formed with the middle frame 19.
  • the frame 11 may include inwardly extending protrusions to connect with the middle frame 19, for example, by means of spring clips, screws, welding, etc.
  • the protrusions of the frame 11 can also be used to receive feed signals, so that at least a portion of the frame 11 acts as a radiator of the antenna to transmit/receive radio frequency signals.
  • a gap may exist between this portion of the frame acting as the radiator and the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, enabling the antenna to have good signal transmission capabilities.
  • the back cover 21 can be made of metal; it can also be made of non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back cover; or it can be made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.
  • the back cover 21, which includes conductive material can replace the middle frame 19 and form an integral part with the frame 11, providing support for the electronic components in the whole device.
  • conductive portions in the mid-frame 19 and/or rear cover 21 can serve as a reference ground for the electronic device 10, wherein the frame 11, PCB 17, etc. of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connection with the mid-frame.
  • the antenna of the electronic device 10 can also be housed within a housing, such as a bracket antenna, a millimeter-wave antenna, etc. (not shown in Figure 1).
  • the clearance of the antenna housed within the housing can be obtained by a slot/aperture on any of the middle frame, and/or bezel, and/or back cover, and/or display screen, or by a non-conductive gap/aperture formed between any of these. This clearance configuration ensures the antenna's radiation characteristics.
  • the antenna clearance can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component within the electronic device 10, through which the antenna radiates signals to the external space.
  • the antenna 40 can be a flexible printed circuit (FPC) based antenna, a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) based antenna, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA), etc.
  • the antenna can also be a transparent structure embedded within the screen of the electronic device 10, making it a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of the electronic device 10.
  • Figure 1 only schematically shows some of the components included in the electronic device 10, and the actual shape, size and construction of these components are not limited by Figure 1.
  • the side where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front, the side where the back cover is located as the back, and the side where the frame is located as the side.
  • Figures 2 and 3 will be used to introduce two antenna modes involved in this application.
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of the common-mode antenna provided in this application and a schematic diagram of the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • Figure 3 shows the structure of the differential-mode antenna provided in this application and a schematic diagram of the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • the antenna radiators in Figures 2 and 3 are open at both ends, and their common-mode and differential-mode modes can be referred to as the line common-mode and line differential-mode, respectively.
  • CM mode common mode and slot common mode
  • DM mode differential mode and slot differential mode
  • CM-DM mode refers to the line common mode and line differential mode generated on the same radiator, or the slot common mode and slot differential mode generated on the same radiator, which can be determined according to the antenna structure.
  • FIG. 2(a) shows the radiator of antenna 40 open at both ends, with a feed circuit (not shown) connected at the middle position 41.
  • the antenna 40 is fed in a symmetrical feed configuration.
  • the feed circuit can be connected to the middle position 41 of antenna 40 via feed wire 42.
  • a symmetrical feed can be understood as one end of the feed circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being grounded, wherein the connection point between the feed circuit and the radiator (feed point) is located at the center of the radiator, which may be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or a certain area within a certain range near the aforementioned midpoint).
  • the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 may be, for example, the geometric center of the antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection point between the feed line 42 and the antenna 40, which covers the middle position 41.
  • Figure 2(b) shows the current and electric field distribution of antenna 40.
  • the current exhibits an opposite distribution on both sides of the central position 41, for example, a symmetrical distribution; the electric field exhibits a same-direction distribution on both sides of the central position 41.
  • the current at the feed line 42 exhibits a same-direction distribution. Based on the same-direction current distribution at the feed line 42, the feeding method shown in Figure 2(a) can be called a line CM feed.
  • the antenna mode shown in Figure 2(b) can be called a line CM mode (or simply CM mode; for example, for a line antenna, CM mode refers to the line CM mode).
  • the current and electric field shown in Figure 2(b) can be referred to as the current and electric field of the line CM mode, respectively.
  • the current is stronger at the middle position 41 of antenna 40 (the current is larger near the middle position 41 of antenna 40), and weaker at both ends of antenna 40, as shown in Figure 2(b).
  • the electric field is weaker at the middle position 41 of antenna 40, and stronger at both ends of antenna 40.
  • the two radiators of antenna 50 have open ends on both sides, and a feed circuit is connected at the middle position 51.
  • antenna 50 is fed using an anti-symmetrical feed.
  • One end of the feed circuit is connected to one of the radiators via a feed wire 52, and the other end of the feed circuit is connected to the other radiator via a feed wire 52.
  • the middle position 51 can be the geometric center of antenna 50, or the gap formed between the radiators.
  • center-antisymmetric feeding can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit being connected to two connection points near the midpoint of the radiator.
  • the signal amplitudes output by the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are the same, but the phases are opposite, for example, the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 10°.
  • Figure 3(b) shows the current and electric field distribution of antenna 50.
  • the current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 51 of antenna 50, for example, an antisymmetric distribution; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51.
  • the current at the feed line 52 is distributed in opposite directions. Based on the opposite current distribution at the feed line 52, the feeding method shown in Figure 3(a) can be called a line DM feed.
  • the antenna mode shown in Figure 3(b) can be called a line DM mode (or simply DM mode; for example, for a line antenna, DM mode refers to the line DM mode).
  • the current and electric field shown in Figure 3(b) can be referred to as the current and electric field of the line DM mode, respectively.
  • the current is stronger at the middle position 51 of antenna 50 (the current is larger near the middle position 51 of antenna 50), and weaker at both ends of antenna 50, as shown in Figure 3(b).
  • the electric field is weaker at the middle position 51 of antenna 50, and stronger at both ends of the linear antenna 50.
  • an antenna radiator can be considered as a metal structural component that generates radiation.
  • the number of radiators can be one, as shown in Figure 2, or two, as shown in Figure 3, depending on actual design or production needs.
  • two radiators can be used as shown in Figure 3, with their ends facing each other and separated by a gap.
  • Symmetrical feeding is used at the two ends that are close to each other; for example, feeding the same feed source signal at the two ends that are close to each other can achieve a similar effect to the antenna structure shown in Figure 2.
  • a linear DM mode one radiator can be used as shown in Figure 2, with two feed points located in the middle of the radiator and anti-symmetrical feeding. For example, feeding signals with the same amplitude but opposite phase to the two symmetrical feed points on the radiator can achieve a similar effect to the antenna structure shown in Figure 3.
  • Figures 2 and 3 above show the line CM mode and line DM mode generated by different feeding methods when both ends of the radiator are open.
  • the antenna When the antenna is fed asymmetrically (the feed point is off-center from the radiator, including side-feed or offset feed), or when the grounding point of the radiator (coupled to the ground) is asymmetrical (off-center from the radiator), the antenna can simultaneously generate a first resonance and a second resonance, corresponding to the line CM mode and the line DM mode, respectively.
  • the first resonance corresponds to the line CM mode
  • the current and electric field distribution is shown in Figure 2(b).
  • the second resonance corresponds to the line DM mode
  • the current and electric field distribution is shown in Figure 3(b).
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the relative position of the electronic device and the satellite changes. For example, a low-Earth orbit satellite may move, and the satellite may move out of the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics (e.g., the antenna has good radiation characteristics within a 30° angle to the top, while the satellite is outside this area). In other words, the antenna may not maintain good alignment with the communication satellite in the target radiation direction. In such cases, the user needs to change their grip or move the device to keep the satellite within the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics, or to adjust the antenna's radiation characteristics in the target radiation direction to maintain alignment or establish a connection with a new satellite. Otherwise, poor communication quality or even dropped calls will occur, significantly impacting the user's communication experience.
  • the antenna has good radiation characteristics
  • the antenna may not maintain good alignment with the communication satellite in the target radiation direction.
  • the user needs to change their grip or move the device to keep the satellite within the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics, or to adjust the antenna's radiation characteristics in the target radiation direction to maintain alignment or establish a connection with a new
  • the target radiation direction of the antenna described in this embodiment can be interpreted as the direction of the communication satellite relative to the electronic device 10.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern is close to the target radiation direction, it facilitates the establishment of a good communication connection between the electronic device 10 and the communication satellite.
  • This application provides an electronic device including an antenna.
  • the antenna operates in a frequency band including satellite communication bands.
  • the antenna uses a conductive portion of its frame as a radiator, and different switching circuits are connected to both sides of the radiator via switch coupling.
  • the antenna can switch the switching branches coupled to the radiator, thereby generating different maximum radiation directions and improving the user experience during satellite communication.
  • the antenna, its radiator, and parasitic stubs described in the embodiments of this application can have different communication functions in different usage scenarios of the electronic device.
  • the antenna, its radiator, and parasitic stubs are used to support the communication function of the first satellite system.
  • they can be used to generate resonance and radiation patterns suitable for communication under the first satellite system.
  • the antenna, its radiator, and parasitic stubs can be used to support the communication function of other systems.
  • they can be used as antenna radiators or parasitic stubs in a cellular system, or as antenna radiators or parasitic stubs in WiFi wireless network communication technology.
  • the embodiments of this application are related to satellite communication by electronic devices, and the embodiments of this application are applicable when electronic devices perform satellite communication (or have satellite communication functions).
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the electronic device 10 includes a frame 11, an antenna 200, and a floor 300.
  • the frame 11 is spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • the frame 11 includes a first position 201 and a second position 202.
  • the frame 11 has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position 201 and the second position 202.
  • the width of the first insulating gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. It should be understood that the width of any gap on the frame in the embodiments of this application can be within the above range, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated further.
  • “width of the insulating gap” should be understood as the dimension in the direction extending between two conductive materials (e.g., two radiators).
  • the border 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 that intersects the first side 131 at an angle.
  • the length of the first side 131 is less than the length of the second side 132.
  • the first position 201 is located on the first side 131.
  • the second position 202 can be located on either the first side 131 or the second side 132, depending on actual production or design.
  • the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10.
  • the electronic device 10 is a foldable electronic device including multiple housings
  • the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10 in the unfolded state.
  • the electronic device 10 is a foldable electronic device including multiple housings
  • the first side 131 when the foldable electronic device is folded along the length extension direction of the second side 132, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10 in the folded state.
  • the extension direction of the pivot is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the first side; when the electronic device 10 is folded along the extension direction of the second side 132, it can be understood that the extension direction of the pivot is substantially parallel to the extension direction of the second side.
  • first edge 131 can be the top edge or the bottom edge of the electronic device 10.
  • first edge 131 being the top edge of the electronic device 10.
  • the top edge/bottom edge of the electronic device 10 can be understood as the top/bottom edge in normal use.
  • UI user interface
  • antenna 200 when at least a portion of the radiator of antenna 200 is located on the short side of electronic device 10, antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics in the top direction of electronic device 10.
  • the top direction can be understood as the direction perpendicular to the first side 131 and pointing from the inside of the electronic device 10 to the first side 131.
  • the antenna 200 includes a radiator 210, a feed circuit 220, a first switch branch 231, a second switch branch 232, a third switch branch 233, a fourth switch branch 234, a first switch 241, and a second switch 242.
  • the radiator 210 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202. At least a portion of the radiator 210 is spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • the radiator 210 includes a feed point 221, and the feed circuit 220 is coupled to the feed point 221 to feed electrical signals into the antenna 200.
  • the radiator 210 includes a first connection point 211 and a second connection point 212.
  • the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are coupled to the first connection point 211 via the first switch 241.
  • the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 are coupled to the second connection point 212 via the second switch 242.
  • first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are coupled between the first connection point 211 and the floor 300 via the first switch 241.
  • first connection port of the first switch 241 is coupled to the first switch branch 231
  • second connection port of the first switch 241 is coupled to the second switch branch 232.
  • the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 are coupled between the second connection point 212 and the floor 300 via the second switch 242.
  • the first connection port of the second switch 242 is coupled to the third switch branch 233
  • the second connection port of the second switch 242 is coupled to the fourth switch branch 234.
  • the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are coupled to the radiator 210 and the adjacent parasitic branch via the first switch 241
  • the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 are coupled to the radiator 210 and the adjacent parasitic branch via the second switch 242.
  • the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are coupled to the radiator 210 and the first parasitic branch 251 via the first switch 241 (the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are coupled to the third connection point 213 and the fourth connection point 214 via the first switch 241).
  • the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 are coupled between the radiator 210 and the second parasitic branch 252 through the second switch 242 (the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 are coupled between the fifth connection point 215 and the sixth connection point 216 through the second switch 242).
  • first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 can be considered as being connected in parallel.
  • first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are connected in parallel between the floor 300 and the first connection point 211.
  • both the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 are connected in parallel between the floor 300 and the first connection point 211 via a first switch 241.
  • the first switch 241 can be located at any position in the circuit coupled to the first connection point 211, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the first switch 241 can be located between the switch branch (the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232) and the first connection point 211, or it can be located on the side of the switch branch (the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232) away from the first connection point 211 (e.g., between the switch branch and the floor 300, or between the switch branch and an adjacent parasitic branch).
  • the third switch branch 233, the fourth switch branch 234, and the second switch 242 can also be understood accordingly.
  • the connection methods of other switches e.g., the fourth switch 244, the fifth switch 245, etc.
  • the switch branches can also be understood accordingly, and will not be described in detail.
  • first switch can all include one or more switching devices
  • first connection point can all include one or more connection points.
  • first switch branch 231 can be coupled between the floor 300 and the radiator 210 through one switching device in the first switch and one connection point in the first connection point 211
  • second switch branch 232 can be coupled between the floor 300 and the radiator 210 through another switching device in the first switch and another connection point in the first connection point 211.
  • the switches are only used to switch to different switch branches coupled with the radiator/parasitic branch, and their specific locations and forms are not limited.
  • the switch branch can be understood as the circuit between the switch and the connection point (e.g., the first connection point 211) or the ground 300, which can be switched to different switch branches by the switch, so that the equivalent capacitance, equivalent resistance or equivalent inductance coupled to the connection point are different.
  • a switching branch may include one or more components, which may be connected in series or in parallel to achieve different equivalent capacitance and/or equivalent inductance and/or equivalent resistance values.
  • the switching branch may also include a switch, which switches the equivalent capacitance and/or equivalent inductance and/or equivalent resistance values under different states of the switching branch.
  • the switch branch may not include any components.
  • the switch branch can be used to determine the boundary conditions at the first connection point.
  • the switch branch may be in an open-circuit state, meaning that the first connection point 211 is open-circuit (not coupled to the ground plane 300 via a device) when the switch common port is connected to the switch branch.
  • the switch branch may be in a short-circuit state, meaning that the first connection point 211 is short-circuit (connected to the ground plane 300 via a power-saving connection, without any other components) when the switch common port is connected to the switch branch.
  • the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 5 will only be described using the example of a switch branch including equivalent components.
  • the length of the border 11 between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the length of the border 11 between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 is less than or equal to one-quarter of the length of the radiator 210. In another embodiment, the length of the border 11 between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the length of the border 11 between the second connection point 212 and the second position 202 is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the length of the border 11 between the second connection point 212 and the second position 202 is less than or equal to one-quarter of the length of the radiator 210. In another embodiment, the length of the border 11 between the second connection point 212 and the second position 202 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the antenna 200 has a strong electric field at its open end (e.g., in the region near the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap), and when the first connection point 211 is close to the first position 201 (the second connection point 212 is close to the second position 202), there is a greater range of adjustment for the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200.
  • the length of the border 11 between the metal part (e.g., metal spring) and the first connection point 211 (second connection point 212) can be understood as the length of the border 11 at the center of the end of the metal part (e.g., metal spring) connected to the first connection point 211 (second connection point 212).
  • the radiator 210 is used to generate a first resonance, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance including at least a portion of the frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.
  • the common port of the first switch 241 is coupled to the first connection port of the first switch 241, and the first switch branch 231 is coupled to the first connection point 211.
  • the common port of the second switch 242 is coupled to the first connection port of the second switch 242, and the third switch branch 233 is coupled to the second connection point 212.
  • the antenna 200 may have better radiation characteristics (e.g., radiation efficiency, bandwidth, etc.).
  • the satellite communication frequency band may include a portion of the frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, specifically the transmitting frequency band (1980MHz-2010MHz) and receiving frequency band (2170MHz-2200MHz) within the Tiantong satellite system.
  • the satellite communication frequency band may include a portion of the frequency band in the BeiDou satellite system, specifically the transmitting frequency band (1610MHz-1626.5MHz) and receiving frequency band (2483.5MHz-2500MHz) within the BeiDou satellite system.
  • the satellite communication frequency band may include a portion of the frequency band in a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system, specifically the transmitting frequency band (1668MHz-1675MHz) and receiving frequency band (1518MHz-1525MHz) within the LEO satellite system.
  • LEO low-Earth orbit
  • satellite communication includes at least one of the following communication services: receiving and/or sending short messages (also known as short messages), making and/or answering telephone calls via satellite, and satellite data (e.g., accessing the Internet).
  • short messages also known as short messages
  • satellite data e.g., accessing the Internet
  • antenna 200 When antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least a portion of the frequency bands in the Tiantong satellite system), electronic device 10 can perform voice communication via antenna 200.
  • electronic device 10 when antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least a portion of the frequency bands in the Beidou satellite system), electronic device 10 can send or receive short messages and images via antenna 200.
  • antenna 200 when antenna 200 operates in a low-Earth orbit satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least a portion of the frequency bands in the low-Earth orbit satellite system), electronic device 10 can perform voice communication, send or receive short messages and images, and access the internet via antenna 200.
  • Low-Earth orbit satellites can also have some functions similar to base stations.
  • antenna 200 when antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least a portion of the frequency bands in the Tiantong satellite system), electronic device 10 can perform voice communication via antenna 200.
  • electronic device 10 when antenna 200 operates within the BeiDou satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least some frequency bands within the BeiDou satellite system), electronic device 10 can send or receive short messages and images via antenna 200.
  • antenna 200 when antenna 200 operates within a low Earth orbit satellite system (the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes at least some frequency bands within the low Earth orbit satellite system), electronic device 10 can perform voice communication, send or receive short messages and images, and access the internet via antenna 200.
  • Low Earth orbit satellites can also have some functions similar to base stations.
  • electronic device 10 when electronic device 10 conducts satellite communication, it can communicate with a communication satellite through one or more antennas within electronic device 10.
  • the electronic device 10 when it performs satellite communication, it can communicate with a communication satellite through an antenna within the electronic device 10.
  • the antenna can be loaded with different electronic components in different time slots to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonance point, thereby enabling the antenna to operate in the transmission and reception frequency bands of the satellite system.
  • the electronic device 10 when it performs satellite communication, it can communicate with a communication satellite through multiple antennas within the electronic device 10.
  • the operating frequency bands of some of the multiple antennas may include the transmission frequency band of the satellite system, and the operating frequency bands of the other antennas may include the reception frequency band of the satellite system.
  • the radiator 210 is used to generate a second resonance, the resonant frequency band of which includes at least a portion of the aforementioned satellite communication frequency bands.
  • the common port of the first switch 241 is coupled to the second connection port of the first switch 241, and the second switch branch 232 is coupled to the first connection point 211.
  • the common port of the second switch 242 is coupled to the second connection port of the second switch 242, and the fourth switch branch 234 is coupled to the second connection point 212.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the second frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 can all include the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 can all include the second frequency band.
  • the operating frequency band of antenna 200 may include the transmit frequency band and the receive frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.
  • feed circuit 220 is used to transmit radio frequency signals of a first frequency band and radio frequency signals of a second frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance in the above embodiments include a first frequency band, which may include the transmission frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance in the above embodiments include a second frequency band, which may include the receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.
  • the first frequency band may include at least a portion of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz.
  • the antenna 200 operates on the Tiantong satellite system, and the first frequency band may include a transmission frequency band therein (1980 MHz-2010 MHz).
  • the antenna 200 operates on the BeiDou satellite system, and the first frequency band may include a transmission frequency band therein (1610 MHz-1626.5 MHz).
  • the antenna 200 operates on a low-Earth orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), and the first frequency band may include a transmission frequency band therein (1668 MHz-1675 MHz).
  • the second frequency band may include at least a portion of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz.
  • the antenna 200 operates on the Tiantong satellite system, and the second frequency band may include its receiving frequency band (2170 MHz - 2200 MHz).
  • the antenna 200 operates on the BeiDou satellite system, and the second frequency band may include its receiving frequency band (2483.5 MHz - 2500 MHz).
  • the antenna 200 operates on a low-Earth orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), and the second frequency band may include its receiving frequency band (1518 MHz - 1525 MHz).
  • the description is based on the antenna 200 being in the same operating state.
  • the same operating state can be understood as the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 either including a first frequency band or including a second frequency band.
  • the coupling amount between the first connection point 211 and the ground 300, and the coupling amount between the second connection point 212 and the ground 300 can be adjusted.
  • the electronic device 10 has good communication characteristics within a range of large angles (e.g., 50°, 60°, or 70°) relative to the top direction.
  • the resonances (e.g., the first resonance, the second resonance) generated by the radiator 210 are produced by the line DM mode described in the above embodiments.
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode does not have a strong current flowing to the ground plane 300; therefore, the current exciting the ground plane 300 is small.
  • the effect of the ground plane 300 on the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode is similar to that of a reflector, thus the radiation pattern generated by the line DM mode is mainly oriented towards the top of the electronic device 10 (the direction in which the radiator 210 is away from the ground plane, e.g., the y-direction).
  • the radiation pattern generated by the line CM mode has a stronger current flowing to the ground plane 300; therefore, the current exciting the ground plane 300 is large, and the ground plane 300 has a greater influence on the radiation pattern generated by the antenna. Therefore, the radiation pattern generated by the line CM mode is not mainly oriented towards the top of the electronic device 10 (the direction in which the radiator 210 is away from the ground plane, e.g., the y-direction).
  • the efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) of antennas resonating using the line DM mode can meet the requirements of satellite communication.
  • the radiator 210 extends in a straight line
  • both conductor loss and dielectric loss are relatively small under the action of the same current, resulting in higher efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) for the first antenna.
  • the line CM mode has greater losses due to the reverse current on the radiator, leading to lower efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) for antennas resonating using the line CM mode.
  • the radiator 210 has open ends and can operate in a half-wavelength mode.
  • the electrical length of the radiator 210 is half the first wavelength, which is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance generated by the radiator 210.
  • the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance can be understood as the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the first resonance, or the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first resonant frequency band. It should be understood that the above wavelengths are all vacuum wavelengths. Since there is a certain conversion relationship between the dielectric wavelength and the vacuum wavelength, the above vacuum wavelengths can also be converted into dielectric wavelengths.
  • the antenna 200 when the first connection point 211 is coupled to the first switch branch 231 via the first switch 241, and the second connection point 212 is coupled to the third switch branch 233, the antenna 200 generates a first radiation pattern, and the direction of the maximum radiator of the first radiation pattern is the first direction.
  • the antenna 200 generating the first radiation pattern can be considered as the radiator 210, the first switch branch 231, and the third switch branch 233 being used to generate the first radiation pattern.
  • the antenna 200 When the first connection point 211 is coupled to the second switch branch 232 via the first switch 241, and the second connection point 212 is coupled to the fourth switch branch 234, the antenna 200 generates a second radiation pattern, and the direction of the maximum radiator of the second radiation pattern is the second direction.
  • the antenna 200 generating the second radiation pattern can be considered as the radiator 210, the second switch branch 232, and the fourth switch branch 234 being used to generate the second radiation pattern.
  • the first direction and the second direction are different.
  • the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes a first frequency band (e.g., the transmission frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, 1980MHz-2010MHz).
  • a first frequency band e.g., the transmission frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, 1980MHz-2010MHz.
  • the operating frequency band of antenna 200 includes a second frequency band (e.g., the receiving frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, 2170MHz-2200MHz).
  • a second frequency band e.g., the receiving frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, 2170MHz-2200MHz.
  • the operating frequency band of antenna 200 can include the transmission or reception frequency band of the satellite system in different time slots.
  • antenna 200 can transmit radio frequency signals to or receive radio frequency signals transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first or second radiation pattern.
  • the angle between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 90°.
  • the width of the radiation beam of the antenna 200 can be further widened, so that the antenna 200 has good communication characteristics in a wider range of angles (the angle with the top direction).
  • the first switch branch 231, the second switch branch 232, the third switch branch 233, and the fourth switch branch 234 can be capacitors or equivalent capacitors.
  • the equivalent capacitance value of the first switch branch 231 is greater than the equivalent capacitance value of the second switch branch 232, and the equivalent capacitance value of the third switch branch 233 is less than the equivalent capacitance value of the fourth switch branch 234.
  • the first switch branch 231, the second switch branch 232, the third switch branch 233, and the fourth switch branch 234 can be inductors or are equivalent to inductors.
  • the equivalent inductance value of the first switch branch 231 is greater than the equivalent inductance value of the second switch branch 232, and the equivalent inductance value of the third switch branch 233 is less than the equivalent inductance value of the fourth switch branch 234.
  • the first switch branch 231 and the second switch branch 232 can be capacitors or equivalent capacitors
  • the third switch branch 233 and the fourth switch branch 234 can be inductors or equivalent inductors.
  • the equivalent capacitance value of the first switch branch 231 is greater than the equivalent capacitance value of the second switch branch 232
  • the equivalent inductance value of the third switch branch 233 is greater than the equivalent inductance value of the fourth switch branch 234.
  • the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 can all include the first frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the resonance generated by the radiator 210 can all include the second frequency band. Therefore, the resonant point of the first resonance and the resonant point of the second resonance are approximately the same (e.g., the frequency difference is less than 50MHz).
  • the electrical length of the radiator 210 when the first connection point 211 couples the first switch branch 231, the second connection point 212 and the third switch branch 233 is approximately the same as the electrical length of the radiator 210 when the first connection point 211 couples the second switch branch 232 and the second connection point 212 couples the fourth switch branch 234.
  • the switch branch loaded at the first connection point 211 increases the length of the radiator 210
  • the switch branch loaded at the second connection point 212 decreases the length of the radiator 210; or, when the switch branch loaded at the first connection point 211 decreases the length of the radiator 210, the switch branch loaded at the second connection point 212 increases the length of the radiator 210, so that the electrical length of the radiator 210 is approximately the same when the connection points are coupled with different switch branches.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 through the first switch 241 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled to the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases).
  • the current on the radiator 210 on the first connection point 211 side increases, and the current on the second connection point 212 side decreases.
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the first connection point 211 side decreases, and the electric field generated on the second connection point 212 side increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the second connection point 212 side.
  • the second connection point 212 can be understood as the side containing the second connection point 212 within the upper hemisphere region, divided by the yoz plane (e.g., the right side) (e.g., 0° ⁇ Phi ⁇ 90°).
  • the origin (o) of the coordinate system can be understood as the center of the radiator 210, and the lengths of the radiators on both sides of the center of the radiator 210 are the same.
  • the connection point side can be understood accordingly, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated further.
  • the upper hemisphere region can be understood as the area within which the angle with the top direction is less than or equal to 90°. In the coordinate system, it can be understood as the region where the xoz plane points towards the positive y-direction.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled to the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 through the first switch 241 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases).
  • the current on the radiator 210 on the second connection point 212 side increases, and the current on the first connection point 211 side decreases.
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the second connection point 212 side decreases, and the electric field generated on the first connection point 211 side increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the first connection point 211 side.
  • the radiator 210 may further include a grounding point 222, as shown in FIG6.
  • the grounding point 222 is located between the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212.
  • the radiator 210 is coupled to the floor 300 at the grounding point 222.
  • the radiator 210 is also used to generate a third resonance.
  • the radiator 210 is also used to generate a fourth resonance.
  • the third and fourth resonances are generated by the line CM mode described in the above embodiments.
  • the frequency difference between the resonant frequencies of the first and third resonances is greater than one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the first resonance. In another embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequencies of the second and fourth resonances is greater than one-tenth of the resonant frequency of the second resonance.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (second resonance) of the antenna 200 includes a first frequency band (e.g., the transmission frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, 1980MHz-2010MHz), and the resonant frequency of the third resonance (fourth resonance) is not located in the range of 1.8GHz to 2.2GHz.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (second resonance) of the antenna 200 includes a first frequency band (e.g., the transmission frequency band in a low-Earth orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), 1668MHz-1675MHz), and the resonant frequency of the third resonance (fourth resonance) is not located in the range of 1.5GHz to 1.8GHz.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (second resonance) of the antenna 200 includes a second frequency band (e.g., the receiving frequency band in a Tiantong satellite system, 2170MHz-2200MHz), and the resonant frequency of the third resonance (fourth resonance) is not located in the range of 2GHz to 2.4GHz.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance (second resonance) of the antenna 200 includes a second frequency band (e.g., the receiving frequency band in a low-Earth orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), 1518MHz-1525MHz), and the resonant frequency of the third resonance (fourth resonance) is not located in the range of 1.35GHz to 1.65GHz.
  • the resonant frequency of the third (fourth) resonance can be higher or lower than the resonant frequency of the first (second) resonance.
  • the interval between the resonant frequencies of the first (second) and third (fourth) resonances is relatively large, so that the antenna 200 has better linear DM mode radiation characteristics in the first (or second) frequency band (e.g., no dips in radiation efficiency appear in the resonant frequency band).
  • the third and fourth resonances described in the above embodiments may also be resonances generated by other modes.
  • the antenna 200 In order for the antenna 200 to have better linear DM mode radiation characteristics in the first frequency band (or the second frequency band) (for example, no radiative efficiency dips will appear in the resonant frequency band), no other resonance points will appear within a certain range of the resonant frequency of the first resonance (second resonance).
  • the third and fourth resonances can be understood as resonances generated by higher-order modes (e.g., a one-wavelength mode, a three-half-wavelength mode, etc.), or, they can also be understood as parasitic resonances generated by parasitic branches set around the radiator 210.
  • the fundamental mode can be understood as the lowest frequency resonance that the radiator 210 can produce under the current boundary conditions (both ends of the radiator 210 are open). Since both ends of the radiator 210 are open, the fundamental mode of the radiator 210 can be considered as a half-wavelength mode. In this mode, the radiator 210 has two large electric field points (zero current points), located in the regions near both ends of the radiator 210. As the radiation mode of the radiator 210 increases, the number of large electric field points produced by the radiator 210 increases.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a first tuning branch 235 and a second tuning branch 236.
  • the first tuning branch 235 is coupled between the first connection point 211 and the floor 300 via a first switch 241.
  • the third connection port of the first switch 241 is coupled to the first tuning branch 235.
  • the second tuning branch 236 is coupled between the second connection point 212 and the floor 300 via the second switch 242.
  • the third connection port of the second switch 242 is coupled to the second tuning branch 236.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the first frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the second resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the first frequency band.
  • the radiator 210 is used to generate a fifth resonance, the resonant frequency band of which includes the second frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the first resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the second frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency band of the second resonance generated by the radiator 210 includes the second frequency band.
  • the radiator 210 is used to generate a fifth resonance, the resonant frequency band of which includes the first frequency band.
  • the first switch branch 231, the second switch branch 232, the third switch branch 233, and the fourth switch branch 234 can be used to switch the radiation characteristics (e.g., the direction of maximum radiation) of the antenna 200 in the first frequency band or the second frequency band.
  • the first tuning branch 235 and the second tuning branch 236 are used to switch the operating frequency band of the antenna 200, so that the antenna 200 can operate in different time slots in the transmit frequency band or receive frequency band of the satellite communication system.
  • the antenna 200 may also include a third switch 243, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the third switch 243 may be coupled between the grounding point 222 and the ground plane 300.
  • the third switch 243 can be used for the coupling state between the ground point 222 and the ground 300.
  • the third switch 243 when the electronic device 10 is performing satellite communication, the third switch 243 is in the open circuit state, the ground point 222 is not coupled to the ground 300, and the antenna 200 resonates only in DM mode, exhibiting good linear DM mode radiation characteristics in the first frequency band (or the second frequency band) (e.g., no radiative efficiency dips appear in the resonant frequency band), and no other resonant points appear within a certain range of the resonant frequency of the first resonance (second resonance).
  • the third switch 243 When the electronic device 10 is not performing satellite communication, the third switch 243 is in the closed circuit state, the ground point 222 is coupled to the ground 300, and the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the ground point 222 and the radiator 210 between the second position 202 and the ground point 222 can respectively serve as radiators for other antennas, and perform communication separately.
  • Figure 8 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • resonance can be generated around 1.58 GHz.
  • the frequency difference between the resonant points of the adjacent resonances is approximately 1.3 GHz, and the antenna can have good linear DM mode radiation characteristics in the resonant frequency band of this resonance (for example, no radiative efficiency dips will appear in the resonant frequency band).
  • Figure 8 shows the resonant frequency and resonant depth of the resonance generated near 1.58 GHz, which is only used for distance. In actual production or design, the resonant frequency and resonant depth can be adjusted, which will not be elaborated further.
  • Figures 9 to 15 show the simulation results of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 9 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 1.
  • Figure 10 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 1.
  • Figure 11 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 2.
  • Figure 12 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 2.
  • Figure 13 shows the simulation results of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 3.
  • Figure 14 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 3.
  • Figure 15 shows the simulation results of the radiation patterns generated by antenna 200 in scenes 1, 2, and 3.
  • the regions with stronger current have higher brightness.
  • the regions with stronger electric field have higher brightness (for example, the electric field strength in the red region is greater than that in the yellow region, which is greater than that in the green region).
  • scenario 1 can be understood as the equivalent capacitance values of the switch branches coupled by the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212 being approximately the same
  • scenario 2 can be understood as the equivalent capacitance value of the switch branch coupled by the first connection point 211 increasing and the equivalent capacitance value of the switch branch coupled by the second connection point 212 decreasing
  • scenario 3 can be understood as the equivalent capacitance value of the switch branch coupled by the first connection point 211 decreasing and the equivalent capacitance value of the switch branch coupled by the second connection point 212 increasing.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna is stronger in the region near the first connection point 211 and the region near the second connection point 212, and weaker between the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna weakens in the region near the first connection point 211 and strengthens in the region near the second connection point 212.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna gradually strengthens as it approaches the second connection point 212 from the first connection point 211, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna is enhanced in the region near the first connection point 211 and weakened in the region near the second connection point 212.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna gradually weakens as it approaches the second connection point 212 from the first connection point 211, as shown in Figure 14.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern is deflected toward the first connection point (90° ⁇ Phi ⁇ 180°), as shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the second position 202 is located on the second side 132.
  • the difference between the antenna 200 shown in Figure 16 and the antenna 200 shown in Figures 5 to 7 lies only in the second position 202.
  • the second position 202 is located on the first side 131, and the radiator 210 is in a straight line shape.
  • the second position 202 is located on the second side 132, and the radiator 210 is in a broken line shape.
  • the length L1 of the radiator 210 on the first side 131 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 on the second side 132 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L1/L2) ⁇ 3.
  • the length L1 of the radiator 210 on the first side 131 can be understood as the dimension of the radiator 210 in the extension direction (e.g., the x-direction) of the first side 131.
  • the length L2 of the radiator 210 on the second side 132 can also be understood accordingly.
  • the length on a certain side can be understood accordingly.
  • the feed point 221 may be located on the first side 131 to give the antenna 200 better radiation characteristics.
  • similar parts include: information of the first frequency band; information of the second frequency band; the antenna 200 adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 by switching the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; the adjustment method of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; no other resonances are set near the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the radiator 210; the operating mode of the radiator 210; and so on.
  • Figures 17 to 23 show the simulation results of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 16. Specifically, Figure 17 shows the simulation result of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 1. Figure 18 shows the simulation result of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 1. Figure 19 shows the simulation result of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 2. Figure 20 shows the simulation result of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 2. Figure 21 shows the simulation result of the current distribution of antenna 200 in scene 3. Figure 22 shows the simulation result of the electric field distribution of antenna 200 in scene 3. Figure 23 shows the simulation results of the radiation patterns generated by antenna 200 in scenes 1, 2, and 3.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna is stronger in the region near the first connection point 211 and the region near the second connection point 212, and weaker between the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212, as shown in Figure 18.
  • the radiator 210 is located on the right side of the electronic device 10.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna weakens in the region near the first connection point 211 and strengthens in the region near the second connection point 212.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna gradually strengthens as it approaches the second connection point 212 from the first connection point 211, as shown in Figure 20.
  • the current on the radiator 210 weakens in the region near the first connection point 211 and strengthens in the region near the second connection point 212.
  • the current on the radiator 210 gradually increases as it approaches the second connection point 212 from the first connection point 211.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna is enhanced in the region near the first connection point 211 and weakened in the region near the second connection point 212.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna gradually weakens as it approaches the second connection point 212 from the first connection point 211, as shown in Figure 22.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern is deflected toward the first connection point (90° ⁇ Phi ⁇ 180°), as shown in Figure 23.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the frame 11 also includes a third position 203.
  • the first position 201 is located between the third position 203 and the second position 202.
  • the frame 11 has a third insulating gap at the third position 203.
  • Antenna 200 also includes a first parasitic branch 251.
  • the first parasitic branch 251 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the third position 203. At least a portion of the first parasitic branch 251 is spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • the difference between the antenna 200 shown in Figure 24 and the antenna 200 shown in Figure 16 lies only in the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the antenna 200 does not include the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the antenna 200 includes the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the first parasitic stub 251 can be used to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 on the side of the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the first parasitic stub 251 can be used to widen the radiation pattern of the antenna 200 on the side of the first parasitic stub 251, so that the antenna 200 can have good communication characteristics over a wider angular range (the angle with respect to the top direction) on the side of the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the current on the first parasitic branch 251 is in the same direction as the current on the radiator 210.
  • first parasitic stub 251 and the radiator 210 can have a similar effect to a current array, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics on the side of the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the first parasitic stub 251 can be used to enhance the radiation of the electronic device 10 in the top direction toward the side of the first parasitic stub 251, and the electronic device 10 can have good communication characteristics over a larger angle range with respect to the top direction.
  • the first parasitic branch 251 side can be understood as the side containing the first parasitic branch 251 in the two sides divided by the yoz plane in the upper hemisphere (e.g., the left side) (e.g., 90° ⁇ Phi ⁇ 180°).
  • the parasitic branch side can be understood accordingly, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail.
  • the antenna 200 further includes a fifth switch branch 237, a sixth switch branch 238, and a fourth switch 244.
  • the first end of the radiator 210 includes a third connection point 213, and the first end of the first parasitic branch 251 includes a fourth connection point 214.
  • the first end of the radiator 210 and the first end of the first parasitic branch 251 are opposite to each other through a first insulating gap and do not contact each other.
  • the fifth switch branch 237 and the sixth switch branch 238 are coupled between the third connection point 213 and the fourth connection point 214 via the fourth switch 244.
  • the first connection port of the fourth switch 244 is coupled to the fifth switch branch 237
  • the second connection port of the fourth switch 244 is coupled to the sixth switch branch 238.
  • the first parasitic stub 251 is used to adjust the electric field distribution at the first end of the radiator 210, thereby adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 on one side of the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the fifth switch branch 237, the sixth switch branch 238, and the fourth switch 244 can be used to determine the amount of coupling between the radiator 210 and the first parasitic stub 251, thereby adjusting the current on the first parasitic stub 251 and the electric field distribution at the first end of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics on the side of the first parasitic stub 251, for example, the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 on the side of the first parasitic stub 251.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled to the first connection point 211 through the first switch 241 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled to the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases).
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the side of the second connection point 212 decreases, while the electric field generated on the side of the first connection point 211 increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the side of the first connection point 211.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled at the first connection point 211 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switching branch coupled at the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases).
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the side of the first connection point 211 decreases, while the electric field generated on the side of the second connection point 212 increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the side of the second connection point 212.
  • the third connection point 213 coincides with the first connection point 211.
  • the second position 202 is located on the second side 132, and the third position 203 is located on the first side 131, as shown in FIG24.
  • the radiator 210 is zigzag-shaped, and the first parasitic branch 251 is straight-shaped.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch 251 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 2.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch 251 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 1.5.
  • the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • the second position 202 is located on the first side 131, and the third position 203 is located on the second side 132, as shown in FIG25.
  • the radiator 210 is linear, and the first parasitic branch 251 is zigzag.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch 251 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 2.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic branch 251 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 1.5.
  • the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • the description is based solely on the example of the antenna 200 simultaneously including a first switch 241, a fourth switch 244, a first switch branch 231, a second switch branch 232, a fifth switch branch 237, and a sixth switch branch 238.
  • the fifth switch branch 237, the sixth switch branch 238, and the fourth switch 244 are used to determine the coupling amount between the radiator 210 and the first parasitic stub 251, thereby adjusting the current on the first parasitic stub 251 and the electric field distribution at the first end of the radiator 210, thus enabling the antenna 200 to have different radiation characteristics on the first parasitic stub 251 side.
  • antenna 200 may not include the first switch 241, the first switch branch 231, and the second switch branch 232 (only including the second switch 242, the fourth switch 244, the third switch branch 233, the fourth switch branch 234, the fifth switch branch 237, and the sixth switch branch 238), as shown in Figure 26.
  • the functions of the first switch 241, first switch branch 231, and second switch branch 232 shown in Figures 5 to 7 and Figure 16 can also be achieved by the fifth switch branch 237, the sixth switch branch 238, and the fourth switch 244.
  • the current distribution on the radiator 210 and the electric field distribution generated by the radiator 210 can be adjusted, thereby causing the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 to deflect in the first frequency band (or the second frequency band).
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 can be brought closer to the communication satellite.
  • similar parts include: information of the first frequency band; information of the second frequency band; the antenna 200 adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 by switching the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; the adjustment method of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; no other resonances are set near the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the radiator 210; the operating mode of the radiator 210; etc.
  • Figures 27 to 29 show the simulation results of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 27 shows the simulation results of the current distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 28 shows the simulation results of the electric field distribution in the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • Figure 29 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24.
  • the current on the radiator 210 is stronger between the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212, and weaker in the region near the first connection point 211 and the region near the second connection point 212, as shown in Figure 17.
  • the current on the radiator 210 further weakens in the region near the second connection point 212, and a stronger current is present near the first end of the first parasitic stub 251, as shown in Figure 27.
  • the electric field generated by the antenna is stronger in the region near the first connection point 211 and the region near the second connection point 212, and weaker between the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212, as shown in Figure 18.
  • the electric field near the first connection point 211 weakens.
  • One side of the first parasitic stub 251 has a stronger electric field.
  • the radiator 210 is located on the right side of the electronic device 10, as shown in Figure 29, with part of the radiator 210 located on the first side and the other part on the second side.
  • a stronger electric field exists on one side of the first parasitic stub 251, enhancing the antenna's radiation on that side. Consequently, the antenna 200 exhibits good communication characteristics over a wider angular range (the angle with respect to the top direction) on the side of the first parasitic stub 251, as shown in Figure 29.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the frame 11 also includes a fourth position 204.
  • a second position 202 is located between the fourth position 204 and the first position 201.
  • the frame 11 has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position 204.
  • Antenna 200 also includes a second parasitic branch 252.
  • the second parasitic branch 252 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the fourth position 204. At least a portion of the second parasitic branch 252 is spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • the difference between the antenna 200 shown in Figure 30 and the antennas 200 shown in Figures 24 and 25 lies only in the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the antenna 200 only includes the first parasitic stub 251 and does not include the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the antenna 200 also includes the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the second parasitic stub 252 can be used to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 on the side of the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the second parasitic stub 252 can be used to widen the radiation pattern of the antenna 200 on the side of the second parasitic stub 252, so that the antenna 200 can have good communication characteristics over a wider angular range (the angle with respect to the top direction) on the side of the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the current on the second parasitic branch 252 is in the same direction as the current on the radiator 210.
  • the second parasitic stub 252 and the radiator 210 can have a similar effect to a current array, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics on the side of the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the second parasitic stub 252 can be used to enhance the radiation of the electronic device 10 in the top direction toward the side of the second parasitic stub 252, and the electronic device 10 can have good communication characteristics over a larger angle range with respect to the top direction.
  • the current on the first parasitic branch 251 and the current on the second parasitic branch 252 are in the same direction as the current on the radiator 210.
  • the first parasitic branch 251, the current on the second parasitic branch 252 and the current on the radiator 210 are in the same direction, the first parasitic branch 251, the second parasitic branch 252 and the radiator 210 can have a similar effect to current array, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics on both sides in the top direction.
  • the antenna 200 further includes a seventh switch branch 239, an eighth switch branch 240, and a fifth switch 245.
  • the second end of the radiator 210 includes a fifth connection point 215, and the first end of the second parasitic branch 252 includes a sixth connection point 216.
  • the second end of the radiator 210 and the first end of the second parasitic branch 252 are opposite to each other through a second insulating gap and do not contact each other.
  • the seventh switch branch 239 and the eighth switch branch 240 are coupled between the fifth connection point 215 and the sixth connection point 216 via the fifth switch 245.
  • the first connection port of the fifth switch 245 is coupled to the seventh switch branch 239
  • the second connection port of the fifth switch 245 is coupled to the eighth switch branch 240.
  • the second parasitic stub 252 is used to adjust the electric field distribution at the second end of the radiator 210, thereby adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 on one side of the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the seventh switch branch 239, the eighth switch branch 240, and the fifth switch 245 can be used to determine the amount of coupling between the radiator 210 and the second parasitic stub 252, thereby adjusting the current on the second parasitic stub 252 and the electric field distribution at the second end of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics on the side of the second parasitic stub 252, for example, the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 on the side of the second parasitic stub 252.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled to the first connection point 211 through the first switch 241 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled to the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases).
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the side of the second connection point 212 decreases, while the electric field generated on the side of the first connection point 211 increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the side of the first connection point 211.
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled at the first connection point 211 increases (or the equivalent inductance decreases)
  • the equivalent capacitance of the switch branch coupled at the second connection point 212 through the second switch 242 decreases (or the equivalent inductance increases).
  • the electric field generated by the radiator 210 on the side of the first connection point 211 decreases, while the electric field generated on the side of the second connection point 212 increases.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 deflects towards the side of the second connection point 212.
  • the antenna 200 exhibits better radiation characteristics on the side of the second parasitic stub 252 (the side of the second connection point 212) (allowing for good communication characteristics over a wider range of angles (angles relative to the top direction)).
  • the fifth connection point 215 coincides with the second connection point 212.
  • the frame 11 further includes a third side 133 intersecting the first side at an angle.
  • the second position 202 is located on the first side 131, and the fourth position 204 is located on the third side 133, as shown in FIG30.
  • the radiator 210 is linear, and the second parasitic branch 252 is zigzag.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch 252 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 2.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch 252 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 1.5.
  • the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • both the second position 202 and the fourth position 204 are located on the second side 132, as shown in FIG31.
  • the radiator 210 is zigzag-shaped, and the second parasitic branch 252 is straight-shaped.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch 252 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 2.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic branch 252 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 1.5.
  • the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in the top direction.
  • the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 has greater adjustment flexibility, for example, it can have good communication characteristics over a larger angular range with respect to the top direction.
  • the description is based solely on the example of the antenna 200 simultaneously including the second switch 242, the fifth switch 245, the third switch branch 233, the fourth switch branch 234, the seventh switch branch 239, and the eighth switch branch 240.
  • the seventh switch branch 239, the eighth switch branch 240, and the fifth switch 245 are used to determine the coupling amount between the radiator 210 and the second parasitic stub 252, thereby adjusting the current on the second parasitic stub 252 and the electric field distribution at the second end of the radiator 210, thus enabling the antenna 200 to have different radiation characteristics on the second parasitic stub 252 side.
  • antenna 200 may not include the second switch 242, the third switch branch 233, and the fourth switch branch 234 (only including the fourth switch 244, the fifth switch 245, the fifth switch branch 237, the sixth switch branch 238, the seventh switch branch 239, and the eighth switch branch 240, or only including the first switch 241, the fourth switch 244, the fifth switch 245, the first switch branch 231, the second switch branch 232, the fifth switch branch 237, the sixth switch branch 238, the seventh switch branch 239, and the eighth switch branch 240), as shown in Figure 32.
  • the functions of the second switch 242, third switch 233, and fourth switch 234 shown in Figures 5 to 7 and Figure 16 can also be achieved by the seventh switch branch 239, the eighth switch branch 240, and the fifth switch 245.
  • the seventh switch branch 239, the eighth switch branch 240, and the fifth switch 245. For example, by adjusting the coupling between the fifth connection point 215 and the second parasitic stub 252, and the coupling between the third connection point 213 and the first parasitic stub 251 (when the first connection point 211 is included, the coupling between the first connection point 211 and the ground 300 can be adjusted), the current distribution on the radiator 210 and the electric field distribution generated by the radiator 210 can be adjusted, thereby causing the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 to deflect in the first frequency band (or the second frequency band). By adjusting the current distribution on the radiator 210 and the electric field distribution generated by the radiator 210, the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 is brought closer to the communication satellite.
  • similar parts include: information of the first frequency band; information of the second frequency band; the antenna 200 adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 by switching the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; the adjustment method of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; no other resonances are set near the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the radiator 210; the operating mode of the radiator 210; the position of the first parasitic branch 251; and so on.
  • Figure 33 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 30.
  • Figure 33 shows the simulation results of the radiation patterns generated by antenna 200 under three different scenarios.
  • Scenario 1 No adjustment of the coupling between the radiator and the first parasitic stub, or the coupling between the radiator and the second parasitic stub.
  • Scenario 2 Increase the coupling between the radiator and the first parasitic stub, and decrease the coupling between the radiator and the second parasitic stub.
  • Scenario 3 Decrease the coupling between the radiator and the first parasitic stub, and increase the coupling between the radiator and the second parasitic stub.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the antenna 200 may also include a power divider 250.
  • the feed point 221 includes a first feed point 2211 and a second feed point 2212.
  • the feed circuit 220 is coupled to the input port of the power divider 250, with the first port of the power divider 250 coupled to the first feed point 2211 and the second port of the power divider 250 coupled to the second feed point 2212.
  • the radiator 210 has a fifth insulating gap between the first feed point 2211 and the second feed point 2212.
  • the power divider 250 can be used to distribute the power of the radio frequency signal transmitted by the feed circuit 220 from the input port to the first port and the second port, thereby achieving power division characteristics.
  • the power of the radio frequency signal at the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) is approximately the same (for example, since the circuit paths from the output port to the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) are different, there is some power loss, so a power error within 15% can be considered approximately the same).
  • the power of the radio frequency signal at the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) is not the same.
  • the power ratio of the radio frequency signal at the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) is 0.5, 2, 3, etc., which can be determined according to actual production or design, and this application embodiment does not limit this.
  • the power divider 250 can be understood as a circuit used to implement the above-described functions.
  • the power divider 250 can be understood as a circuit including a power divider chip, which has the above-described functions.
  • the power divider 250 can be understood as a circuit including a power divider chip, which has the above-described functions.
  • the power divider 250 can be understood as a circuit composed of microstrip lines/strip lines, which has the above-described functions.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the structure of the power divider 250, and can be determined according to actual production or design. For the sake of brevity, further details will not be elaborated upon.
  • the antenna 200 shown in Figure 34 differs from the antennas 200 shown in Figures 30 and 31 only in the power divider 250. In the electronic device 10 shown in Figures 30 and 31, the antenna 200 does not include the power divider 250.
  • the antenna 200 includes a power divider 250. Since the radiator 210 includes a first feed point 2211 and a second feed point 2212, the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the fifth insulating gap and the radiator 210 between the second position 202 and the fifth insulating gap can be fed with radio frequency signals of the same or different power, thereby giving the antenna 200 a greater degree of adjustment freedom in terms of radiation characteristics (e.g., maximum radiation direction).
  • the power divider 250 can also adjust the phase of the transmitted radio frequency signal, and the power divider 250 can be used as a power divider phase shifter 250.
  • the power divider 250 can be used to distribute the power of the RF signal transmitted by the feed circuit 220 from the input port to the first port and the second port to realize the power division characteristic. It can also be used to adjust the phase of the RF signal at the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) to realize the phase shift function.
  • the power divider phase shifter 250 can be understood as a circuit used to implement the above-described functions.
  • the power divider phase shifter 250 can be understood as a circuit including a power divider phase shifter chip, which has the above-described functions.
  • the power divider phase shifter 250 can be understood as a circuit including a power divider chip and a phase shifter chip, which has the above-described functions.
  • the power divider phase shifter 250 can be understood as a circuit composed of microstrip lines/strip lines, which has the above-described functions.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the structure of the power divider phase shifter 250, which can be determined according to actual production or design. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail.
  • the power divider phase shifter 250 can adjust the phase of the radio frequency signal at the first port (first feed point 2211) and the second port (second feed point 2212) while performing power distribution, which can further increase the degree of freedom of adjustment of the radiation characteristics (e.g., the direction of maximum radiation) of the antenna 200.
  • the antenna 200 includes a first parasitic branch 251 and a second parasitic branch 252.
  • the antenna 200 may include one of the first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252, or may not include the first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252 and only include the radiator 210.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit this, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.
  • similar parts include: information of the first frequency band; information of the second frequency band; the antenna 200 adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 by switching the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; the adjustment method of the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; no other resonances are set near the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the radiator 210; the operating mode of the radiator 210; the position of the first parasitic branch 251; the position of the second parasitic branch 252; and so on.
  • Figure 35 shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in Figure 34.
  • the radio frequency signals with different power fed into the first feed point 2211 and the second feed point 2212 can adjust the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna.
  • Figures 36 to 40 are schematic diagrams of another electronic device 10 provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • the first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252 may also include a grounding point, and the first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252 are coupled to the floor 300 at the grounding point.
  • the first parasitic branch 251 includes a grounding point, while the second parasitic branch 252 does not include a grounding point, as shown in FIG37.
  • first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252 include a grounding point, or that the first parasitic branch 251 and the second parasitic branch 252 do not include a grounding point, and the location of the grounding point on the parasitic branch can be determined according to actual production or design.
  • the antenna 2300 may not include a switch and a switch branch for adjusting the coupling between the parasitic stub and the radiator 210.
  • no switch and switch branch are provided between the first end of the second parasitic stub 252 and the second end of the radiator 210, as shown in FIG37.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a third parasitic branch 253, as shown in Figures 38 and 40.
  • the frame 11 also includes a fifth position 205.
  • a third position 203 is located between the first position 201 and the fifth position 205.
  • the frame 11 has a sixth insulating gap at the fifth position.
  • a third parasitic branch 253 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the fifth position 205 and the third position 203. At least a portion of the third parasitic branch 253 is spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • the first end of the third parasitic branch 253 and the second end of the first parasitic branch 251 are opposite each other through a sixth insulating gap and do not contact each other.
  • a switch and a switch branch are provided between the first end of the third parasitic branch 253 and the second end of the first parasitic branch 251 to control the coupling amount between the third parasitic branch 253 and the first parasitic branch 251.
  • both ends of the parasitic branch may also include ground ends, as shown in Figure 39.
  • the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the fourth position 204.
  • One end of the second parasitic branch 252 is a ground end, and the other end is an open end.
  • the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the fifth position 205.
  • One end of the third parasitic branch 253 is a ground end, and the other end is an open end.
  • the parasitic branches described in the embodiments of this application can all have a structure where one end is a ground end and the other end is an open end. The embodiments of this application do not limit this, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.
  • the lengths of the radiator 210 and the parasitic stub can satisfy a certain proportional relationship to give the antenna 200 better radiation characteristics.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic stub 251 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 2.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic stub 252 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 2.
  • the lengths of the radiator 210 and the parasitic stub can satisfy a certain proportional relationship to give the antenna 200 better radiation characteristics.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L3 of the first parasitic stub 251 satisfy: 0.25 ⁇ (L0/L3) ⁇ 1.
  • the length L0 of the radiator 210 and the length L4 of the second parasitic stub 252 satisfy: 0.25 ⁇ (L0/L4) ⁇ 1.
  • the lengths of the radiator 210 and the parasitic branch can satisfy the above-mentioned proportional relationship. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.
  • the antenna 200 may simultaneously include a first parasitic branch 251, a second parasitic branch 252, and a third parasitic branch 253, as shown in FIG38. In another embodiment, the antenna 200 may simultaneously include the first parasitic branch 251 and the third parasitic branch 253, but exclude the second parasitic branch 252, as shown in FIG40.
  • Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the electronic device 10 can be a wearable electronic device.
  • the border 11 can be circular.
  • the third position 203, the first position 201, the second position 202 and the fourth position 204 can also be set on the circular border 11 in sequence.
  • the frame 11 has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at a first position 201 and a second position 202, respectively.
  • the frame 11 has an insulating gap or ground plane 300 coupling at a third position 203.
  • the frame 11 has an insulating gap or ground plane 300 coupling at a fourth position 204.
  • Electronic device 10 includes antenna 200.
  • the antenna 200 includes a radiator 210, a first parasitic branch 251, and a second parasitic branch 252.
  • the radiator 210, the first parasitic branch 251, and the second parasitic branch 252 are arranged in a ring.
  • the radiator 210 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between a first position 201 and a second position 202.
  • the first parasitic branch 251 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and a third position 203.
  • the second parasitic branch 252 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and a fourth position 204. At least portions of the radiator 210, the first parasitic branch 251, and the second parasitic branch 252 are spaced apart from the floor 300.
  • similar parts include: information of the first frequency band; information of the second frequency band; the antenna 200 adjusting the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 by switching the switching branch coupled to the first connection point 211 and the second connection point 212; the adjustment method of the switching branch coupled to the connection point; no other resonances are set near the first resonance and the second resonance generated by the radiator 210; the operating mode of the radiator 210; etc.
  • the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 coincide (are the same), as shown in Figure 42.
  • the current on the first parasitic branch 251 and the current on the second parasitic branch 252 are in the same direction as the current on the radiator 210.
  • the current on the first parasitic stub 251, the current on the second parasitic stub 252, and the current on the radiator 210 can be arranged clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby enabling the antenna 200 to have left-hand circular polarization characteristics or right-hand circular polarization characteristics.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括天线。该天线的工作频段包括卫星通信频段。该天线由边框的导电部分作为辐射体，辐射体的两侧通过开关耦合连接有不同的开关电路。该天线可以切换与辐射体耦合连接的开关支路从而使天线产生不同的最大辐射方向，进而可以提升用户进行卫星通信时的体验。

Description

一种电子设备
本申请要求于2024年4月30日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202410541102.8、申请名称为“一种电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信领域，尤其涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
目前现有的终端电子设备中利用边框作为天线辐射体，例如在卫星通信系统中，边框辐射体主要用于形成线极化天线。在用户进行卫星通信时，需要将天线具有较好辐射特性的区域(例如，天线在该区域内的增益大于或等于AdBic，A为该卫星通信系统中满足通信需求的最小增益值)指向卫星，以实现对星(与卫星建立通信连接)。
但是，在进行卫星通信时，电子设备与卫星的相对位置发生变化，例如，低轨卫星移动，卫星可能会超出天线具有较好辐射特性的区域。在这种情况下，需要用户改变握持姿势或进行移动以使卫星仍处于天线具有较好辐射特性的区域以保持对星状态或与新的卫星建立连接，否则会造成通信质量差甚至掉线的问题，极大影响了用户的通信体验。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括天线。该天线由边框的导电部分作为辐射体，辐射体的两侧通过开关耦合连接有不同的开关电路。
第一方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：地板；边框，所述边框包括第一位置和第二位置，所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第二位置具有第一绝缘缝隙和第二绝缘缝隙；天线，所述天线包括：辐射体，所述辐射体包括所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的导电部分，所述辐射体的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；馈电电路，所述辐射体包括馈电点，所述馈电电路与所述馈电点耦合；第一开关支路、第二开关支路和第一开关，所述辐射体包括第一连接点，所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关与所述第一连接点耦合连接；第三开关支路、第四开关支路和第二开关，所述辐射体包括第二连接点，所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关与所述第二连接点耦合连接；其中，所述第一连接点与所述第一位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；所述第二连接点与所述第二位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第一谐振；基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第二谐振；其中，所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段，所述第一频段包括卫星通信频段中的发射频段，或者；所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段，所述第二频段包括卫星通信频段中的接收频段。
根据本申请实施例，当第一连接点通过第一开关耦合至第一开关支路或第二开关支路、第二连接点通过第二开关耦合至第三开关支路或第四开关支路时，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第一频段，或，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。
例如，在不同的元件与第一连接点耦合、不同的元件与第二连接点耦合的情况下，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均可以包括第一频段，或，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。
应理解，当电子设备通过天线与通信卫星进行通信。天线的工作频段可以包括卫星通信频段中的发射频段和接收频段。在一个实施例中，馈电电路用于传输第一频段的射频信号和第二频段的射频信号。
通过切换与第一连接点耦合的第一开关支路或第二开关支路、以及与第二连接点耦合的第三开关支路或第四开关支路，调整第一连接点与地板之间的耦合量、以及第二连接点与地板之间的耦合量，可以调整辐射体上的电流分布、以及辐射体产生的电场分布，从而使天线200第一频段(或第二频段)产生的方向图发生偏转。通过调整辐射体上的电流分布、以及辐射体产生的电场分布，使天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向靠近通信卫星。因此，电子设备在与顶部方向呈较大的角度(例如，50°，60°，或，70°)的范围内均具有良好的通信特性。
辐射体产生的谐振(例如，第一谐振、第二谐振)由上述实施例中所述的线DM模式产生。由线DM模式产生的方向图，没有较强的流向地板电流，因此，激励地板上的电流少，地板对于线DM模式产生的方向图的影响类似于反射板，从而线DM模式产生的方向图主要朝向电子设备的顶部方向(辐射体远离地板的方向，例如，y方向)。而由线CM模式产生的方向图，由于线CM模式流向地板的电流较强，因此，激励地板的电流多，而地板对天线产生的方向图影响大，从而线CM模式产生的方向图并不主要朝向电子设备的顶部方向(辐射体远离地板的方向，例如，y方向)。
并且，在卫星通信频段，由线DM模式产生谐振的天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)可以满足卫星通信的需求。例如，在辐射体呈直线延伸时，在同向电流作用下，导体损耗和介质损耗均较小，则第一天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)较高。而线CM模式由于辐射体上的电流反向，损耗较大，由线CM模式产生谐振的天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)较差。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述天线用于产生第一方向图，所述第一方向图的最大辐射方向为第一方向；基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述天线用于产生第二方向图，所述第二方向图的最大辐射方向为第二方向，所述第一方向和所述第二方向不同。
根据本申请实施例，当电子设备通过天线在不同时隙分别作为与通信卫星进行发射和接收的天线，则天线的工作频段可以在不同的时隙分别包括卫星系统的发射频段或接收频段。在对应的时隙，天线均可以通过产生的第一方向图或第二方向图向通信卫星发射射频信号或者接收通信卫星发送的射频信号。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一方向和所述第二方向之间所呈角度大于或等于10°，且小于或等于90°。
根据本申请实施例，当第一方向图的最大辐射方向和第二方向图的最大辐射方向朝顶部方向两侧偏移(第一方向和第二方向之间具有更大的角度)，则可以进一步展宽天线辐射波束的宽度，使天线在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一开关支路的等效电容值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电容值，所述第三开关支路的等效电容值小于所述第四开关支路的等效电容值，或，所述第一开关支路的等效电感值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电感值，所述第三开关支路的等效电感值小于所述第四开关支路的等效电感值，或，所述第一开关支路的等效电容值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电容值，所述第三开关支路的等效电感值大于所述第四开关支路的等效电感值。
根据本申请实施例，由于第一连接点耦合第一开关支路、第二连接点耦合第三开关支路，以及，第一连接点耦合第二开关支路、第二连接点耦合第四开关支路时，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均可以包括第一频段，或，辐射体产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。因此，第一谐振的谐振点和第二谐振的谐振点大致相同(例如，频率差小于50MHz)。对应的，第一连接点耦合第一开关支路、第二连接点第三开关支路时辐射体的电长度与第一连接点耦合第二开关支路、第二连接点耦合第四开关支路时辐射体的电长度大致相同。
因此，当第一连接点处加载的开关支路使辐射体的长度增加时，第二连接点处加载的开关支路使辐射体的长度减少，或者，当第一连接点处加载的开关支路使辐射体的长度减少时，第二连接点处加载的开关支路使辐射体的长度增加，以使连接点耦合不同开关支路时辐射体的电长度大致相同。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框包括呈角相交的第一边和第二边，所述第一边的长度小于所述第二边的长度；所述第一位置位于所述第一边，所述第二位置位于所述第二边；其中，所述辐射体在所述第一边上的长度L1与所述辐射体在所述第二边上的长度L2满足：0.5≤(L1/L2)≤3。
根据本申请实施例，第一位置和第二位置可以均位于第一边，辐射体呈直线状。第一位置位于第一边、第二位置位于第二边，辐射体呈折线状。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述馈电点与所述第一位置之间的边框长度和所述馈电点与所述第二位置之间的边框长度不同。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关耦合连接于所述第一连接点和所述地板之间；所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关耦合连接于所述第二连接点和所述地板之间。
根据本申请实施例，第一开关支路、第二开关支路通过第一开关可以调整第一连接点和地板之间的耦合量，第三开关支路、第四开关支路通过第二开关可以调整第二连接点和地板之间的耦合量，从而使天线产生不同最大辐射方向的方向图。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框还包括第三位置，所述第一位置位于所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间，所述边框在所述第三位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合；所述天线还包括第一寄生枝节，所述第一寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第三位置之间的导电部分，所述第一寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；其中，所述辐射体的第一端与所述第一寄生枝节的第一端通过所述第一绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触，所述辐射体的第一端包括所述第一连接点；所述第一寄生枝节的第一端包括第三连接点，所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关耦合连接于所述第一连接点和所述第三连接点之间。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线还包括第五开关支路、第六开关支路和第三开关；其中，所述辐射体的第一端包括第四连接点，所述第四连接点与所述第一位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；所述第五开关支路、所述第六开关支路通过所述第三开关耦合连接于所述第四连接点和所述地板之间。
根据本申请实施例，第五开关支路、第六开关支路和第三开关可以用于确定辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量，从而调整第一寄生枝节上的电流、以及辐射体的第一端的电场分布，进而使天线在第一寄生枝节一侧具有不同的辐射特性，例如，天线在第一寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图的波束宽度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合、所述第四连接点与所述第五开关支路耦合，所述辐射体和所述第一寄生枝节用于产生所述第一谐振；基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合、所述第四连接点与所述第六开关支路耦合，所述辐射体和所述第一寄生枝节用于产生所述第二谐振。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框在所述第三位置具有绝缘缝隙，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第一寄生枝节的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤2，或，所述边框在所述第三位置与所述地板耦合，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第一寄生枝节的长度L3满足：0.25≤(L0/L3)≤1。
根据本申请实施例，当辐射体的长度L0与第一寄生枝节的长度L3在上述范围内时，天线在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一寄生枝节用于调整所述辐射体的第一端的电场分布，从而调整所述天线在所述第一寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框还包括第四位置，所述第二位置位于所述第一位置和所述第四位置之间，所述边框在所述第四位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合；所述天线还包括第二寄生枝节，所述第二寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第二位置和所述第四位置之间的导电部分，所述第二寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；其中，所述辐射体的第二端与所述第二寄生枝节的第一端通过所述第二绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触，所述辐射体的第二端包括所述第二连接点；所述第二寄生枝节的第一端包括第五连接点，所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关耦合连接于所述第二连接点和所述第五连接点之间。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线还包括第七开关支路、第八开关支路和第四开关；其中，所述辐射体的第二端包括第六连接点，所述第六连接点与所述第二位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；所述第七开关支路、所述第八开关支路通过所述第四开关耦合连接于所述第六连接点和所述地板之间。
根据本申请实施例，第七开关支路、第八开关支路和第四开关可以用于确定辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量，从而调整第二寄生枝节上的电流、以及辐射体的第二端的电场分布，进而使天线在第二寄生枝节一侧具有不同的辐射特性，例如，天线在第二寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图的波束宽度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合、所述第六连接点与所述第七开关支路耦合，所述辐射体、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节用于产生所述第一谐振；基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合、所述第六连接点与所述第八开关支路耦合，所述辐射体、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节用于产生所述第二谐振。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框在所述第四位置具有绝缘缝隙，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第二寄生枝节的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤2，或，所述边框在所述第四位置与所述地板耦合所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第二寄生枝节的长度L4满足：0.25≤(L0/L4)≤1。
根据本申请实施例，当辐射体的长度L0与第二寄生枝节的长度L4在上述范围内时，天线在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二寄生枝节用于调整所述辐射体的第二端的电场分布，从而调整所述天线在所述第二寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线还包括功分器或功分移相器；所述馈电点包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点，所述辐射体在所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点之间具有第五绝缘缝隙，所述馈电电路与所述功分器或功分移相器的输入端口耦合，所述功分器或功分移相器的第一端口与所述第一馈电点耦合，所述功分器或功分移相器的第二端口与所述第二馈电点耦合。
根据本申请实施例，功分器或功分移相器在用于进行功率分配，或，在进行功率分配的同时还可以调整第一端口(第一馈电点)、第二端口(第二馈电点)处射频信号的相位，可以进一步增加天线的辐射特性(例如，最大辐射方向)的调节自由度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述天线还用于产生第三谐振，所述第一谐振的谐振点频率和所述第三谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于所述第一谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一；基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述天线还用于产生第四谐振，所述第二谐振的谐振点频率和所述第四谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于所述第二谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一。
根据本申请实施例，当辐射体还可以包括接地点，第三谐振由上述实施例中所述的线CM模式产生。当辐射体不包括接地点，第三谐振可以理解为由高次模(例如，一倍波长模式、二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振，或者，而也可以理解为辐射体周围设置的寄生枝节产生的寄生谐振。为了使天线在第一频段(或第二频段)具有较好的线DM模式的辐射特性(例如，在谐振频段不会出现辐射效率的凹坑)，在第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率的一定范围内不出现其他谐振的谐振点。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述天线还包括第一调谐支路和第二调谐支路；其中，所述第一调谐支路通过所述第一开关与所述第一连接点耦合连接，所述第二调谐支路通过所述第二开关与所述第二连接点耦合连接；基于所述第一连接点与所述第一调谐支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第二调谐支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第四谐振；其中，所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括所述第一频段，所述第四谐振的谐振频段包括所述第二频段，或者，所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括所述第二频段，所述第四谐振的谐振频段包括所述第一频段。
根据本申请实施例，第一开关支路、第二开关支路、第三开关支路、第四开关支路可以用来切换天线在第一频段或第二频段的辐射特性(例如，最大辐射方向)。第一调谐支路和第二调谐支路用来切换天线的工作频段，使天线可以在不同时隙工作于卫星通信系统的发射频段或接收频段。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框包括呈角相交的第一边和第二边，所述第一位置位于所述第一边，所述第一边的长度小于所述第二边的长度。
根据本申请实施例，当天线的辐射体的至少部分位于电子设备的短边时，天线在电子设备的顶部方向具有更好的辐射特性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述电子设备为可穿戴电子设备，所述边框呈环形。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述边框还包括第三位置和第四位置，所述第一位置位于所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间，所述第二位置位于所述第一位置和所述第四位置之间，所述边框在所述第三位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合，所述边框在所述第四位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合；所述天线还包括第一寄生枝节和第二寄生枝节，所述第一寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第三位置之间的导电部分，所述第二寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第二位置和所述第四位置之间的导电部分，所述第一寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置，所述第二寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；其中，所述辐射体、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节呈环形分布。
根据本申请实施例，第一寄生枝节上的电流、第二寄生枝节上的电流与辐射体上的电流同向。
应理解，通过调整与连接点耦合的开关支路，可以使第一寄生枝节上的电流、第二寄生枝节上的电流与辐射体上的电流呈顺时针或逆时针排布，从而使天线可以具有左旋圆极化特性，或，右旋圆极化特性。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备10的示意图。
图2是本申请提供的一种天线的共模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。
图3是本申请提供的一种天线的差模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种卫星通信的使用场景示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图8是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200的S参数仿真结果。
图9是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电流分布仿真结果。
图10是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电场分布仿真结果。
图11是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电流分布仿真结果。
图12是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电场分布仿真结果。
图13是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电流分布仿真结果。
图14是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电场分布仿真结果。
图15是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1、场景2和场景3产生的方向图仿真结果。
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图17是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电流分布仿真结果。
图18是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电场分布仿真结果。
图19是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电流分布仿真结果。
图20是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电场分布仿真结果。
图21是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电流分布仿真结果。
图22是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电场分布仿真结果。
图23是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1、场景2和场景3产生的方向图仿真结果。
图24是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图25是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图26是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图27是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200在的电流分布仿真结果。
图28是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200的电场分布仿真结果。
图29是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
图30是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图31是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图32是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
图33是图30所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
图34是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图35是图34所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
图36是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图37是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图38是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图39是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图40是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图41是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图42是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的相同的字段，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请使用的“在...范围内”，除单独指出了不包含端值的情况下，默认包含该范围的两端端值，例如在1至5范围内，包含1和5两个数值。
耦合：可理解为直接耦合和/或间接耦合，“耦合连接”可理解为直接耦合连接和/或间接耦合连接。直接耦合又可以称为“电连接”，理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；“间接耦合”可理解为两个导体通过隔空/不接触的方式电导通。在一个实施例中，间接耦合也可以称为电容耦合，例如通过两个导电件间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。
元件/器件：包括集总元件/器件，分布元件/器件中的至少一个。
集总元件/器件：指元件大小远小于电路工作频率相对之波长时，对所有元件之统称。对于信号而言，不论任何时刻，元件特性始终保持固定，与频率无关。集总元件/器件可以包括集总电容、集总电感等。
分布元件/器件：与集总元件不同，当信号通过元件之时，元件本身各点之特性将因信号之变化而有所不同，则此时不能将元件整体视为一特性固定之单一体，而应称为分布元件。分布元件/器件可以包括分布电容、分布电感等。
电容：可理解为集总电容和/或分布电容。集总电容包括呈容性的元器件，例如电容元件；分布电容(或分布式电容)包括两个导电件间隔一定间隙而形成的等效电容。
电感：可理解为集总电感和/或分布电感。集总电感包括呈感性的元器件，例如电感元件；分布电感(或分布式电感)包括通过一定长度的导电件而形成的等效电感，例如导体由于卷曲或旋转而形成的等效电感。
辐射体：是天线中用于接收/发送电磁波辐射的装置。在某些情况下，狭义来理解“天线”即为辐射体，其将来自发射机的导波能量较变为无线电波，或者将无线电波转换为导波能量，用来辐射和接收无线电波。发射机所产生的已调制的高频电流能量(或导波能量)经馈电线传输到发射辐射体，通过辐射体将其转换为某种极化的电磁波能量，并向所需方向辐射出去。接收辐射体将来自空间特定方向的某种极化的电磁波能量又转换为已调制的高频电流能量，经馈电线输送到接收机输入端。
辐射体可以包括具有特定形状和尺寸的导体，例如线状、或片状等，本申请不限定具体的形状。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以简称为线天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以由导电边框实现，又可以称作为边框天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以由支架导体实现，又可以称作为支架天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体，或线天线的辐射体的线径(例如，包括厚度和宽度)远比波长(例如，介质波长)小(例如，小于波长的1/16)，长度可与波长(例如，介质波长)相比(例如，长度为波长的1/8附近，或1/8至1/4，或1/4至1/2，或更长)。线天线的主要形式有偶极子天线、半波振子天线、单极子天线、环天线、倒F天线(又称IFA，Inverted F Antenna)。例如，对于偶极子天线而言，每个偶极子天线通常包括两个辐射枝节，每个枝节由馈电部从辐射枝节的馈电端进行馈电。例如，倒F天线(Inverted-F Antenna,IFA)可以看作是由单极子天线增加一个接地路径得到。IFA天线具有一个馈电点和一个接地点，由于其侧视图为倒F形，所以被称为倒F天线。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括微带天线，或贴片(patch)天线，例如平面倒F天线(又称PIFA，Planar Inverted F Antenna)。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以由平面状导体(例如导电片或导电涂层等)实现。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括导电片，例如铜片等。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括导电涂层，例如银浆等。片状辐射体的形状包括圆形、矩形、环形等，本申请不限定具体的形状。微带天线的结构一般由介质基板、辐射体及地板构成，其中介质基板设置于辐射体与地板之间。
辐射体也可以包括形成在导体上的槽或者缝隙，例如，在接地的导体面上形成封闭或半封闭的槽或缝。在一个实施例中，开槽或开缝的辐射体可以简称为槽天线或缝隙天线。在一个实施例中，槽天线/缝隙天线的槽或缝的径向尺寸(例如，包括宽度)远比波长(例如，介质波长)小(例如，小于波长的1/16)，长度尺寸可与波长(例如，介质波长)相比(例如，长度为波长的1/8附近，或1/8至1/4，或1/4至1/2，或更长)。在一个实施例中，具有封闭槽或缝的辐射体可以简称为闭合槽天线。在一个实施例中，具有半封闭的槽或缝(例如在封闭的槽或缝上增设开口)的辐射体可以简称为开口槽天线。在一些实施例中，缝隙形状是长条形的。在一些实施例中，缝隙的长度约为半个波长(例如，介质波长)。在一些实施例中，缝隙的长度约为整数倍个波长(例如，一倍的介质波长)。在一些实施例中，缝隙可用跨接在它的一边或两边上的传输线馈电，由此，缝隙上激励有射频电磁场，并向空间辐射电磁波。在一个实施例中，槽天线或缝隙天线的辐射体可以由两端接地的导电边框实现，又可以称作为边框天线；在此实施例中，可以看作是，槽天线或缝隙天线包括线状辐射体，线状辐射体与地板间隔设置并在辐射体的两端接地，从而形成封闭或半封闭的槽或缝隙。在一个实施例中，槽天线或缝隙天线的辐射体可以由两端接地的支架导体实现，又可以称作为支架天线。
馈电电路，是用于射频信号的接收和/或发射的电路。馈电电路可以包括收发器/机(transceiver)和射频前端电路(RF front end)。在某些情况下，狭义来理解“馈电电路”即为射频芯片(RFIC，Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit)，RFIC可以认为是包括射频前端电路(或射频前端芯片)和收发机。馈电电路具有将无线电波(例如，射频信号)和信号(例如，数字信号)进行转化的功能。通常，它被认为是射频的部分。
在一些实施例中，电子设备中还可以包括测试座(或者称为，射频座或射频测试座)。该测试座可以用于插入同轴线缆，通过线缆对射频前端电路或者天线的辐射体的特性进行测试。射频前端电路可以被认为是耦合于测试座和收发器之间的电路部分。
在一些实施例中，射频前端电路在电子设备中可以集成为射频前端芯片，或者，射频前端电路和收发器在电子设备中可以集成为射频芯片。
应理解，本申请中的第一/第二/…第N馈电电路中任意两个馈电电路可以包括同一个收发器，例如一个收发器中的一条发射通道作为第一馈电电路，一条接收通道作为第二馈电电路，或者例如一个收发器中的第一接收通道作为第一馈电电路，第二接收通道作为第二馈电电路；本申请中的第一/第二/…第N馈电电路中任意两个馈电电路还可以包括同一个射频前端电路，例如通过一个射频前端电路中的调谐电路或放大器处理信号。
还应理解，本申请中的第一/第二/…第N馈电电路中的两个馈电电路通常在电子设备中对应两个射频测试座。
匹配电路，是用于调整天线的辐射特性的电路。在一个实施例中，匹配电路耦合于馈电电路和相应的辐射体之间。在一个实施例中，匹配电路耦合于由测试座和辐射体之间。通常，匹配电路是耦合于辐射体和地板之间的电路的组合。在一个实施例中，匹配电路可以包括调谐电路和/或元件，调谐电路可以是用于切换辐射体耦合连接的元件。匹配电路具有阻抗匹配和/或频率调谐的功能。通常，它被认为是天线的一部分。
接地结构/馈电结构，接地结构/馈电结构可以包括连接件，例如金属弹片，辐射体通过接地结构与地板耦合连接/馈电结构与馈电电路耦合连接。在一些实施例中，馈电结构可以包括传输线/馈电线，接地结构可以包括接地线。
端/点：天线辐射体的第一端/第二端/馈电端/接地端/馈电点/接地点/连接点中的“端/点”，不能狭义的理解为一定是与其他辐射体物理断开的端点或端部，还可以认为是连续的辐射体上的某个点或者某一段。在一个实施例中，“端/点”可以包括天线辐射体上耦合连接其他导电结构的连接/耦合区域，例如，馈电端/馈电点可以是天线辐射体上耦合连接馈电结构或馈电电路的耦合区域(例如，与馈电电路的一部分面对面的区域)，又例如，接地端/接地点可以是天线辐射体上耦合连接接地结构或接地电路的连接/耦合区开放端、封闭端：在一些实施例中，开放端和封闭端例如是相对是否接地而言的，封闭端接地，开放端不接地。在一些实施例中，开放端和封闭端例如是相对于其他导电体而言的，封闭端电连接其他导电体，开放端不电连接其他导电体。在一个实施例中，开放端还可以称作悬浮端、自由端、开口端、或开路端。在一个实施例中，封闭端还可以称作接地端、或短路端。应可理解，在一些实施例中，可以通过开放端耦合连接其他导电体，以传递耦合能量(可以理解为传递电流)。
在一些实施例中，对于“封闭端”的理解还可以是从电流分布来看的，封闭端或接地端等，可以理解为辐射体上的电流大点，也可以理解为辐射体上的电场小点；在一个实施例中，通过封闭端耦合电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)可以不改变其电流大点/电场小点的电流分布特性；在一个实施例中，通过封闭端处或封闭端附近开缝(例如，填充绝缘材质的缝隙)可以不改变其电流大点/电场小点的电流分布特性。
在一些实施例中，对于“开放端”的理解还可以是从电流分布来看的，开放端或悬浮端等，可以理解为辐射体上的电流小点，也可以理解为辐射体上的电场大点；在一个实施例中，通过开放端耦合电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)可以不改变其电流小点/电场大点的电流分布特性。
应可理解，在一个缝隙处的辐射体端(从辐射体的结构来看，类似于开放端或悬浮端的开口处的辐射体)耦和电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)，可以使得该辐射体端为电流大点/电场小点，此种情况下，应理解该缝隙处的辐射体端实际为封闭端或接地端等。
本申请实施例中提及的“悬浮辐射体”，是指辐射体没有直接连接馈电线/馈电枝节和/或接地线/接地枝节，而是通过间接耦合的方式馈电和/或接地。
应可理解，“悬浮端”、“悬浮辐射体”中的“悬浮”并不意味着辐射体周围没有任何结构来支撑。在一个实施例中，悬浮辐射体可以例如是设置于绝缘后盖内表面上的辐射体。
本申请实施例中提及的电流同向/反向，应理解为在同一侧的导体上主要电流的方向为同向/反向的。例如，在呈弯折状或呈环状的导体上激励同向分布电流(例如，电流路径也是弯折的或环状的)时，应可理解，例如，环状导体中两侧的导体上(例如围绕一缝隙的导体，在该缝隙两侧的导体上)激励的主要电流虽然从方向上看为反向的，其仍然属于本申请实施例中对于同向分布电流的定义。在一个实施例中，一个导体上的电流同向可以指该导体上的电流无反向点。在一个实施例中，一个导体上的电流反向可以指该导体上的电流至少有一个反向点。在一个实施例中，两个导体上的电流同向可以指这两个导体上的电流均无反向点，且在同一方向上流动。在一个实施例中，两个导体上的电流反向可以指这两个导体上的电流均无反向点，且在相反的方向上流动。可以相应地理解多个导体上的电流同向/反向。
谐振/谐振频率：谐振频率又叫共振频率。谐振频率可以有一个频率范围，即，发生共振的频率范围。共振最强点对应的频率就是中心频率点频率。中心频率的回波损耗特性可以小于-20dB。应可理解，若没有额外说明，本申请提到的天线/辐射体产生“第一/第二…谐振”，其中，第一谐振应为天线/辐射体所产生的基模谐振，或者说，天线/辐射体所产生的频率最低的谐振。应可理解，天线/辐射体可以根据具体设计产生一个或多个天线模式，每个天线模式可以对应产生一个基模谐振。
谐振频段：谐振频率的范围是谐振频段，谐振频段内任一频点的回波损耗特性可以小于-6dB或-5dB。
通信频段/工作频段：无论何种类型的天线，总是在一定的频率范围(频段宽度)内工作。例如，支持B40频段的天线，其工作频段包括2300MHz～2400MHz范围内的频率，或者是说，该天线的工作频段包括B40频段。满足指标要求的频率范围可以看作天线的工作频段。
谐振频段和工作频段可以相同，或者可以部分重叠。在一个实施例中，天线的一个或多个谐振频段可以覆盖该天线的一个或多个工作频段。
电长度：可以是指物理长度(即机械长度或几何长度)与所传输电磁波的波长之比，电长度可以满足以下公式：
其中，L为物理长度，λ为电磁波的波长。
波长：或者工作波长，可以是谐振频率的中心频率对应的波长或者天线所支持的工作频段的中心频率。例如，假设B1上行频段(谐振频率为1920MHz至1980MHz)的中心频率为1955MHz，那工作波长可以为利用1955MHz这个频率计算出来的波长。不限于中心频率，“工作波长”也可以是指谐振频率或工作频段的非中心频率对应的波长。
应理解的是，辐射信号在空气中的波长可以如下计算：(空气波长，或真空波长)＝光速/频率，其中频率为辐射信号的频率(MHz)，光速可以取3×108m/s。辐射信号在介质中的波长可以如下计算： 其中，ε为该介质的相对介电常数。本申请实施例中的波长，通常指的是介质波长，可以是谐振频率的中心频率对应的介质波长，或者天线所支持的工作频段的中心频率对应的介质波长。例如，假设B1上行频段(谐振频率为1920MHz至1980MHz)的中心频率为1955MHz，那波长可以为利用1955MHz这个频率计算出来的介质波长。不限于中心频率，“介质波长”也可以是指谐振频率或工作频段的非中心频率对应的介质波长。为便于理解，本申请实施例中提到的介质波长可以简单地通过辐射体的一侧或多侧所填充介质的相对介电常数来计算。
天线系统效率(total efficiency)：指在天线的端口处输入功率与输出功率的比值。
天线辐射效率(radiation efficiency)：指天线向空间辐射出去的功率(即有效地转换电磁波部分的功率)和输入到天线的有功功率之比。其中，输入到天线的有功功率＝天线的输入功率-损耗功率；损耗功率主要包括回波损耗功率和金属的欧姆损耗功率和/或介质损耗功率。辐射效率是衡量天线辐射能力的值，金属损耗、介质损耗均是辐射效率的影响因素。
本领域技术人员可以理解，效率一般是用百分比来表示，其与dB之间存在相应的换算关系，效率越接近0dB，表征该天线的效率越优。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11属于S参数中的一种。S11表示反射系数，此参数能够表征天线发射效率的优劣。S11参数通常为负数，S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线本身反射回来的能量越小，也就是代表实际上进入天线的能量就越多，天线的系统效率越高；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的系统效率越低。
需要说明的是，工程上一般以S11值为-6dB作为标准，当天线的S11值小于-6dB时，可以认为该天线可正常工作，或可认为该天线的发射效率较好。
天线方向图：也称辐射方向图。是指在离天线一定距离处(远场)，天线辐射场的相对场强(归一化模值)随方向变化的图形，通常采用通过天线最大辐射方向上的两个相互垂直的平面方向图来表示。
天线方向图通常都有多个辐射波束。其中辐射强度最大的辐射波束称为主瓣，其余的辐射波束称为副瓣或旁瓣。在副瓣中，与主瓣相反方向上的副瓣也叫后瓣。
波束宽度：是指与指向电子设备的顶部方向(例如，y方向)所呈角度在第一角度的范围内，天线所产生的方向图的增益均大于或等于阈值，第一角度为波束宽度。当第一角度较大时，例如，大于或等于60°，则可以认为天线具有宽波束特性，天线在该角度范围内据具有良好的辐射特性。
方向性系数(directivity)：也称为天线的定向性。是指在离天线一定距离处(远场)，天线方向图上最大功率密度与平均值之比，是大于等于1的无量纲比值。可以用于指示天线的能量辐射特性，当方向性系数越大，表示天线在某一方向辐射的能量占比越多，能量辐射越集中。
天线增益：用于表征天线把输入功率集中辐射的程度。通常，天线方向图的主瓣越窄，副瓣越小，天线增益越高。
天线的极化方向：在空间给定点上，电场强度E(矢量)是时间t的函数，随着时间的推移，矢量端点在空间周期性地描绘出轨迹。该轨迹为直线且垂直地面，称垂直极化，如果水平于地面，称水平极化。该轨迹椭圆或圆，沿着传播方向观察时，随着时间沿右手或顺时针方向旋转，称右旋圆极化(right-hand circular polarization，RHCP)，随着时间沿左手或逆时针方向旋转，称左旋圆极化(light-hand circular polarization，LHCP)。
地(地板)(ground，GND)：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地”可以是电子设备的电路板的接地层，也可以是电子设备中框形成的接地板或屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
接地：是指通过任何方式与上述地/地板实现耦合。在一个实施例中，接地可以是通过实体接地，例如通过中框的部分结构件实现边框上特定位置的实体接地(或者称为，实体地)。在一个实施例中，接地可以是通过器件接地，例如通过串联或并联的电容/电感/电阻等器件接地(或者称为，器件地)。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例的技术方案进行描述。
如图1所示，电子设备10可以包括：盖板(cover)13、显示屏/模组(display)15、印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)17、中框(middle frame)19和后盖(rear cover)21。应理解，在一些实施例中，盖板13可以是玻璃盖板(cover glass)，也可以被替换为其他材料的盖板，例如PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)材料盖板等。
其中，盖板13可以紧贴显示模组15设置，可主要用于对显示模组15起到保护、防尘作用。
在一个实施例中，显示模组15可以包括液晶显示面板(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)显示面板或者有机发光半导体(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)显示面板等，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
中框19主要起整机的支撑作用。图1中示出PCB17设于中框19与后盖21之间，应可理解，在一个实施例中，PCB17也可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。其中，印刷电路板PCB17可以采用耐燃材料(FR-4)介质板，也可以采用罗杰斯(Rogers)介质板，也可以采用Rogers和FR-4的混合介质板，等等。这里，FR-4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号，Rogers介质板是一种高频板。PCB17上承载元件，例如，射频芯片等。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17上可以设置一金属层。该金属层可用于印刷电路板PCB17上承载的元件接地，也可用于其他元件接地，例如支架天线、边框天线等，该金属层可以称为地板，或接地板，或接地层。在一个实施例中，该金属层可以通过在PCB17中的任意一层介质板的表面蚀刻金属形成。在一个实施例中，用于接地的该金属层可以设置在印刷电路板PCB17上靠近中框19的一侧。在一个实施例中，印刷电路板PCB17的边缘可以看作其接地层的边缘。可以在一个实施例中，金属中框19也可用于上述元件的接地。电子设备10还可以具有其他地板/接地板/接地层，如前所述，此处不再赘述。
由于电子设备内部的紧凑性，通常在距离边框内表面的0-2mm的内部空间均设置有地板/接地板/接地层(例如，印刷电路板、中框、屏幕金属层、电池等均可以看作地板的一部分)。在一个实施例中，边框和地板之间填充介质，可以简单地将填充介质的内表面轮廓，所包围形成的矩形的长和宽看作是地板的长和宽；也可以将边框内部的所有导电部分叠加形成的轮廓，所包围形成的矩形的长和宽看作是地板的长和宽。
其中，电子设备10还可以包括电池(图中未示出)。电池可以设置于设于中框19与后盖21之间，或者可设于中框19与显示模组15之间，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。在一些实施例中，PCB17分为主板和子板，电池可以设于所述主板和所述子板之间，其中，主板可以设置于中框19和电池的上边沿之间，子板可以设置于中框19和电池的下边沿之间。
在一种实现方式中，主要包括导电材料的边框11可以称作电子设备10的导电边框或金属边框，适用于金属外观的工业设计(industrial design，ID)。在一种实现方式中，边框11的外表面主要为导电材料，例如金属材料，从而形成金属边框的外观。在这些实现方式中，边框11中包括外表面的导电部分可以作为电子设备10的天线辐射体使用，且通常被称为边框天线。
在另一种实现方式中，边框11的外表面主要为非导电材料，例如塑料，形成非金属边框的外观，适用于非金属ID。在一种实现方式中，边框11的内表面可以包括导电材料，例如金属材料。在这种实现方式中，边框11内表面的导电部分可以作为电子设备10的天线辐射体使用。应可理解，设置于边框11内表面的辐射体(或者说，内表面的导电材料)可以贴靠边框11的非导电材料设置，以尽量减小辐射体占用的体积，并更加的靠近电子设备10的外部，实现更好的信号传输效果，且也可以被称为边框天线。需要说明的是，天线辐射体贴靠边框11的非导电材料设置是指天线辐射体可以紧贴非导电材料的内表面设置，也可以为嵌设于非导电材料内部设置，也可以为靠近非导电材料的内表面设置，例如天线辐射体与非导电材料的内表面之间能够具有一定的微小缝隙。应可理解，该导电材料和该非导电材料都可看作为边框11的一部分。
应理解，在边框11上可以具有绝缘缝隙，由两个绝缘缝隙或绝缘缝隙与接地点之间的边框的导体部分作为辐射体，从而形成边框天线。其中，当边框11由金属等导电材料形成时，绝缘缝隙可以理解为边框11具有的缝隙中填充有非金属材料(绝缘材料)，在这种情况下，该缝隙在外观面可见。当边框11的外表面为非导电材料时，绝缘缝隙可以理解为边框11内表面的两段辐射体之间形成的缝隙，该缝隙中可以设置非金属材料(绝缘材料)，或者，也可以不设置非金属材料，例如，由空气填充，在这种情况下，该缝隙在外观面不可见。
在图1以及后续实施例中均以电子设备10的边框11为金属边框(导电边框)，以及外观面可见的开缝(外观面可见绝缘缝隙)为例进行说明。在这种情况下，金属边框作为天线辐射体的至少一部分。应可理解，当电子设备10的边框11为非金属边框(外观面不可见的开缝)时，也可以实现相同的技术效果，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
中框19可以包括边框11，包括边框11的中框19作为一体件，可以对整机中的电子器件起支撑作用。盖板13、后盖21分别沿边框的上下边沿盖合从而形成电子设备的外壳或壳体(housing)。在一个实施例中，盖板13、后盖21、边框11和/或中框19，可以统称为电子设备10的外壳或壳体。应可理解，“外壳或壳体”可以用于指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任一个的部分或全部，或者指代盖板13、后盖21、边框11或中框19中任意组合的部分或全部。
边框11可以至少部分地作为天线辐射体以收/发射频信号，作为辐射体的这一部分边框，与中框19的其他部分之间可以存在间隙，从而保证天线辐射体具有良好的辐射环境。在一个实施例中，中框19在作为辐射体的这一部分边框处可以设置孔径，以利于天线的辐射。
或者，可以不将边框11看做中框19的一部分。在一个实施例中，边框11可以和中框19连接并一体成型。在另一实施例中，边框11可以包括向内延伸的突出件，以与中框19相连，例如，通过弹片、螺丝、焊接等方式相连。边框11的突出件还可以用来接收馈信号，使得边框11的至少一部分作为天线的辐射体收/发射频信号。作为辐射体的这一部分边框，与中框19之间可以存在间隙，从而保证天线辐射体具有良好的辐射环境，使得天线具有良好的信号传输功能。
其中，后盖21可以是金属材料制成的后盖；也可以是非导电材料制成的后盖，如玻璃后盖、塑料后盖等非金属后盖；还可以是同时包括导电材料和非导电材料制成的后盖。在一个实施例中，包括导电材料的后盖21可以替代中框19，与边框11作为一体件，对整机中的电子器件起支撑作用。
在一个实施例中，中框19，和/或后盖21中的导电部分，可以作为电子设备10的参考地，其中，电子设备的边框11、PCB17等可以通过与中框的电连接实现接地。
电子设备10的天线还可以设置于外壳内，例如支架天线、毫米波天线等(图1中未示出)。设置于壳体内的天线的净空可以由中框、和/或边框、和/或后盖、和/或显示屏中任一个上的开缝/开孔来得到，或者由任几个之间形成的非导电缝隙/孔径来得到，天线的净空设置可以保证天线的辐射特性。应可理解，天线的净空可以是由电子设备10内的任意导电元器件来形成的非导电区域，天线通过该非导电区域向外部空间辐射信号。在一个实施例中，天线40的形式可以为基于柔性主板(flexible printed circuit，FPC)的天线形式，基于激光直接成型(laser-direct-structuring，LDS)的天线形式或者微带天线(microstrip disk antenna，MDA)等天线形式。在一个实施例中，天线也可采用嵌设于电子设备10的屏幕内部的透明结构，使得该天线为嵌设于电子设备10的屏幕内部的透明天线单元。
图1仅示意性的示出了电子设备10包括的一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小和实际构造不受图1限定。
应理解，在本申请的实施例中，可以认为电子设备的显示屏所在的面为正面，后盖所在的面为背面，边框所在的面为侧面。
首先，由图2和图3来介绍本申请将涉及两个天线模式。其中，图2是本申请提供的一种天线的共模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。图3是本申请提供的另一种天线的差模模式的结构及对应的电流、电场的分布示意图。图2和图3中的天线辐射体两端开放，其共模模式和差模模式可以分别称为线共模模式和线差模模式。
应可理解，本申请中的“共模模式”或“CM模式”包括线共模模式和槽共模模式，而本申请中的“差模模式”或“DM模式”包括线差模模式和槽差模模式，具体可以根据天线的结构来确定。
应可理解，本申请中的“共-差模模式”或“CM-DM模式”是指同一辐射体上产生的线共模模式和线差模模式，或者是指同一辐射体上产生的槽共模模式和槽差模模式，具体可以根据天线的结构来确定。
1、线共模(common mode，CM)模式
图2中的(a)示出天线40的辐射体两端开放，并在中间位置41处连接馈电电路(图未示)。在一个实施例中，天线40的馈电形式采用对称馈电(symmetrical feed)。馈电电路可以通过馈电线42连接在天线40的中间位置41。应理解，对称馈电可以理解为馈电电路一端连接辐射体，另外一端接地，其中，馈电电路与辐射体连接点(馈电点)位于辐射体中心，辐射体中心，例如可以是几何结构的中点，或者，电长度的中点(或上述中点附近一定范围内的区域)。
天线40的中间位置41，例如可以是天线的几何中心，或者，辐射体的电长度的中点，例如馈电线42与天线40连接处覆盖中间位置41。
图2中的(b)示出了天线40的电流、电场分布。如图2中的(b)所示，电流在中间位置41两侧呈现反向分布，例如对称分布；电场在中间位置41两侧，呈现同向分布。如图2中的(b)所示，馈电线42处的电流呈现同向分布。基于馈电线42处的电流同向分布，图2中的(a)所示的这种馈电可称为线CM馈电。基于电流在辐射体与馈电线42连接处的两侧呈现反向分布，图2中的(b)所示的这种天线模式，可以称为线CM模式(也可简称为CM模式，例如对于线天线而言，CM模式则指的是线CM模式)。图2中的(b)所示的电流、电场可分别称为线CM模式的电流、电场。
电流在天线40的中间位置41处较强(电流大点位于天线40的中间位置41附近)，在天线40的两端较弱，如图2中的(b)所示。电场在天线40的中间位置41处较弱，在天线40的两端较强。
2、线差模(differential mode，DM)模式
如图3中的(a)示出天线50的两个辐射体的左右两端为开放端，并在中间位置51处连接馈电电路。在一个实施例中，天线50的馈电形式采用反对称馈电(anti-symmetrical feed)。馈电电路的一端通过馈电线52与其中一个辐射体连接，馈电电路的另一端通过馈电线52与其中另一个辐射体连接。中间位置51可以是天线50的几何中心，或者，辐射体之间形成的缝隙。
应理解，本申请中提到的“中心反对称馈电”可以理解为，馈电单元的正负两极分别连接在辐射体的上述中点附近的两个连接点。在一个实施例中，馈电单元的正负极输出的信号幅度相同，相位相反，例如相位相差180°±10°。
图3中的(b)示出了天线50的电流、电场分布。如图3中的(b)所示，电流在天线50的中间位置51两侧呈现同向分布，例如反对称分布；电场在中间位置51两侧呈反向分布。如图3中的(b)所示，馈电线52处的电流呈现反向分布。基于馈电线52处的电流反向分布，图3中的(a)所示的这种馈电可称为线DM馈电。基于电流在辐射体与馈电线52连接处的两侧呈现同向分布，图3中的(b)所示的这种天线模式可以称为线DM模式(也可简称为DM模式，例如对于线天线而言，DM模式则指的是线DM模式)。图3中的(b)所示的电流、电场可分别称为线DM模式的电流、电场。
电流在天线50的中间位置51处较强(电流大点位于天线50的中间位置51附近)，在天线50的两端较弱，如图3中的(b)所示。电场在天线50的中间位置51处较弱，在线天线50的两端较强。
应理解，对于天线辐射体，可以理解为产生辐射的金属结构件，其数量可以是一件，如图2所示，或者，也可以是两件，如图3所示，可以根据实际的设计或生产需要进行调整。例如，对于线CM模式，也可以如图3所示采用两个辐射体，两个辐射体的两端相对设置并间隔一缝隙，在相互靠近的两端采用对称馈电的方式，例如在两个辐射体相互靠近的两端分别馈入同一馈源信号，也可以获得与图2所示天线结构类似的效果。相应的，对于线DM模式，也可以如图2所示采用一个辐射体，在辐射体的中间位置设置两个馈电点并采用反对称馈电的方式，例如在该辐射体上对称的两个馈电点如分别馈入幅度相同、相位相反的信号，也可以获得与图3所示天线结构类似的效果。
3、线CM-DM模式
上述图2和图3分别示出了辐射体两端开放时，采用不同的馈电方式分别产生的线CM模式和线DM模式。
当天线的馈电形式采用不对称馈电(馈电点偏离辐射体的中间位置，包括边馈或偏馈)，或者辐射体的接地点(与地板耦合处)为不对称(接地点偏离辐射体的中间位置)，天线可以同时产生第一谐振和第二谐振，分别对应于线CM模式和线DM模式。例如，第一谐振对应于线CM模式，电流和电场分布如图2中的(b)所示。第二谐振对应于线DM模式，电流和电场分布如图3中的(b)所示。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种卫星通信的使用场景示意图。
如图4所示，在用户通过电子设备进行卫星通信时，需要将电子设备中天线具有较好辐射特性的区域指向卫星，以实现对星(与卫星建立通信连接)。
在进行卫星通信时，电子设备与卫星的相对位置发生变化，例如，低轨卫星移动，卫星可能会超出天线具有较好辐射特性的区域(例如，天线在与顶部方向呈30°以内的区域内具有良好的辐射特性，而卫星位于该区域外)，或者说天线在目标辐射方向上无法保持与通信卫星的良好对星状态。在这种情况下，需要用户改变握持姿势或进行移动以使卫星仍处于天线具有较好辐射特性的区域，或者以使天线在目标辐射方向上具有较好辐射特性，以保持对星状态或与新的卫星建立连接，否则会造成通信质量差甚至掉线的问题，极大影响了用户的通信体验。
应理解，在本申请实施例中所述的天线的目标辐射方向可以理解为通信卫星相对于电子设备10所在方向。当天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向与目标辐射方向靠近时，方便电子设备10与通信卫星之间建立良好的通信连接。
本申请提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括天线。该天线的工作频段包括卫星通信频段。该天线由边框的导电部分作为辐射体，辐射体的两侧通过开关耦合连接有不同的开关电路。该天线可以切换与辐射体耦合连接的开关支路从而使天线产生不同的最大辐射方向，进而可以提升用户进行卫星通信时的体验。
应理解，本申请实施例中所述的天线及其辐射体、寄生枝节在电子设备的不同使用场景下可以具有不同的通信功能。例如，在本申请实施例中，以电子设备进行第一卫星系统下的通信为例进行说明，在该使用场景下，天线及其辐射体、寄生枝节用于支持该第一卫星系统的通信功能，例如，可以用于产生适用于该第一卫星系统的通信的谐振以及方向图。而在其他场景中，例如，电子设备未进行第一卫星系统下的卫星通信时，该天线及其辐射体、寄生枝节可以用于支持其他系统的通信功能，例如，可以作为蜂窝系统中的天线辐射体或寄生枝节，或者，可以作为无线网络通信技术(WiFi)中的天线辐射体或寄生枝节。
因此，本申请实施例与电子设备进行卫星通信相关，当电子设备进行卫星通信(或具备卫星通信功能)均适用于本申请实施例。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图5所示，电子设备10包括边框11、天线200和地板300。
其中，边框11的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。边框11包括第一位置201和第二位置202。边框11在第一位置201和第二位置202具有第一绝缘缝隙和第二绝缘缝隙。
在一个实施例中，第一绝缘缝隙的宽度大于或等于0.2mm且小于或等于2mm。应理解，在本申请实施例中的边框上所具有的缝隙的宽度均可以在上述范围内，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。其中，“绝缘缝隙的宽度”应理解为在两段导电材料(例如，两段辐射体)之间延伸的方向上的尺寸。
边框11包括第一边131、以及与第一边131呈角相交的第二边132，第一边131的长度小于第二边132的长度。
在一个实施例中，第一位置201位于第一边131。第二位置202可以位于第一边131或第二边132，可以根据实际的生产或设计确定。在一个实施例中，第一边131可以理解为电子设备10的短边。当电子设备10为包括多个壳体的可折叠电子设备时，在可折叠电子设备沿第一边131的长度延伸方向折叠的情况下，第一边131可以理解为电子设备10处于展开状态下的短边。当电子设备10为包括多个壳体的可折叠电子设备时，在可折叠电子设备沿第二边132的长度延伸方向折叠的情况下，第一边131可以理解为电子设备10处于折叠状态下的短边。其中，电子设备10沿第一边131的延伸方向折叠，可以理解为转轴的延伸方向与第一边的延伸方向基本平行；电子设备10沿第二边132的延伸方向折叠，可以理解为转轴的延伸方向与第二边的延伸方向基本平行。
应理解，第一边131可以为电子设备10的顶边或底边，为了论述的简洁，仅以第一边131为电子设备10的顶边为例进行说明。其中，电子设备10的顶边/底边可以理解为常规使用状态下顶部/底部的边，例如，手机中可以理解为桌面(desktop)、用户界面(user interface，UI)下的顶部/底部的边。
应理解，当天线200的辐射体的至少部分位于电子设备10的短边时，天线200在电子设备10的顶部方向具有更好的辐射特性。
在本申请实施例中，顶部方向可以理解为垂直于第一边131且由电子设备10内部指向第一边131的方向。
天线200包括辐射体210、馈电电路220、第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234、第一开关241和第二开关242。
其中，辐射体210包括边框11在第一位置201和第二位置202之间的导电部分。辐射体210的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。
辐射体210包括馈电点221，馈电电路220与馈电点221耦合，为天线200馈入电信号。
应理解，为了论述的简洁，在本申请实施例中，仅以耦合连接中的电连接为例进行说明，在实际生产或设计中，也可以通过间接耦合的方式实现。
辐射体210包括第一连接点211和第二连接点212。
第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241与第一连接点211耦合连接。第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242与第二连接点212耦合连接。
在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241耦合连接于第一连接点211和地板300之间。在一个实施例中，第一开关241的第一连接端口与第一开关支路231耦合，第一开关241的第二连接端口与第二开关支路232耦合。
在一个实施例中，第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242耦合连接于第二连接点212和地板300之间。在一个实施例中，第二开关242的第一连接端口与第三开关支路233耦合，第二开关242的第二连接端口与第四开关支路234耦合。
应理解，在图5所示的电子设备10中，仅以第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241耦合连接于第一连接点211和地板300之间、以及第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242耦合连接于第二连接点212和地板300之间为例进行说明。
在实际的生产或应用中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241、以及第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242耦合连接于辐射体210与相邻的寄生枝节之间。例如，在图24至图26所示的电子设备10中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241耦合连接于辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间(第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232通过第一开关241耦合连接于第三连接点213和第四连接点214之间)。在图30至图32所示的电子设备10中，第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242耦合连接于辐射体210与第二寄生枝节252之间(第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234通过第二开关242耦合连接于第五连接点215和第六连接点216之间)。
为便于理解，第一开关支路231和第二开关支路232可以看做是并联设置的。在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231和第二开关支路232并联于地板300和第一连接点211之间。在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231和第二开关支路232均通过第一开关241并联于地板300和第一连接点211之间。第一开关241可以位于与第一连接点211耦合的电路中的任意位置，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。例如，第一开关241可以位于开关支路(第一开关支路231和第二开关支路232)与第一连接点211之间，也可以位于开关支路(第一开关支路231和第二开关支路232)远离第一连接点211的一侧(例如，开关支路与地板300之间，或，开关支路与相邻的寄生枝节之间)。类似的，第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234和第二开关242也可以相应理解。为了论述的简洁，在本申请实施例中，其他开关(例如，第四开关244、第五开关245等)与开关支路的连接方式也可以相应理解，不再一一赘述。应理解，本申请中的“第一开关”、“第二开关”和“第三开关”等，均可以包括一个或多个开关器件；本申请中的“第一连接点”、“第二连接点”和“第三连接点”等，均可以包括一个或多个连接点。例如，在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231可以通过第一开关中的一个开关器件，以及第一连接点211中的一个连接点，耦合于地板300与辐射体210之间；第二开关支路232可以通过第一开关中的另一个开关器件，以及第一连接点211中的另一个连接点，耦合于地板300与辐射体210之间。在本申请实施例中，开关仅作为切换至与辐射体/寄生枝节耦合的不同开关支路使用，并不限制其具体的位置和具体的形式。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，开关支路可以理解为开关与连接点(例如，第一连接点211)或地板300之间的电路，可以由开关切换至不同的开关支路，从而使与连接点耦合连接的等效电容、等效电阻或等效电感不同。
在一个实施例中，开关支路可以包括一个或多个元件，多个元件之间可以串联、并联以实现不同的等效电容值和/或等效电感值和/或等效电阻值。一个实施例中，开关支路中也可以包括开关，通过开关切换该开关支路下不同状态的等效电容值和/或等效电感值和/或等效电阻值。
在一个实施例中，开关支路可以不包括元件。开关支路可以用于确定第一连接点处的边界条件。例如，该开关支路呈断路状态，当开关公共端口与该开关支路连接时，第一连接点211处断路状态(不与地板300通过器件耦合)。或者，该开关支路呈短路状态，当开关公共端口与该开关支路连接时，第一连接点211处短路状态(与地板300枝节电连接，未设置其他元件)。为了论述的简洁，在图5所示的电子设备10中，仅以开关支路包括等效的元件为例进行说明。
第一连接点211与第一位置201之间的边框11的长度小于或等于辐射体210的长度的三分之一。在一个实施例中，第一连接点211与第一位置201之间的边框11的长度小于或等于辐射体210的长度的四分之一。在一个实施例中，第一连接点211与第一位置201之间的边框11的长度小于或等于5mm。
第二连接点212与第二位置202之间的边框11的长度小于或等于辐射体210的长度的三分之一。在一个实施例中，第二连接点212与第二位置202之间的边框11的长度小于或等于辐射体210的长度的四分之一。在一个实施例中，第二连接点212与第二位置202之间的边框11的长度小于或等于5mm。
应理解，天线200在开放端(例如，第一绝缘缝隙、第二绝缘缝隙附近区域)具有较强的电场，当第一连接点211靠近第一位置201(第二连接点212靠近第二位置202)，对天线200的辐射特性具有更大的调节空间。
同时，当通过金属件与第一连接点211(第二连接点212)耦合时，与第一连接点211(第二连接点212)之间的边框11的长度可以理解为金属件(例如，金属弹片)与第一连接点211(第二连接点212)连接的一端的中心的边框11的长度。
当第一连接点211与第一开关支路231耦合、第二连接点212与第三开关支路233耦合，辐射体210用于产生第一谐振，第一谐振的谐振频段包括卫星通信频段中的至少部分频段。
例如，第一开关241的公共端口与第一开关241的第一连接端口耦合，第一开关支路231与第一连接点211耦合。第二开关242的公共端口与第二开关242的第一连接端口耦合，第三开关支路233与第二连接点212耦合。
应理解，当辐射体210的至少部分设置于电子设备10的顶边或底边时，天线200可以具有较好的辐射特性(例如，辐射效率，带宽，等等)。
在一个实施例中，卫星通信频段可以包括天通卫星系统中的部分频段，可以包括天通卫星系统中的发射频段(1980MHz-2010MHz)和接收频段(2170MHz-2200MHz)。在一个实施例中，卫星通信频段可以包括北斗卫星系统中的部分频段，可以包括北斗卫星系统中的发射频段(1610MHz-1626.5MHz)和接收频段(2483.5MHz-2500MHz)。在一个实施例中，卫星通信频段可以包括低轨道卫星系统中的部分频段，可以包括低轨道卫星系统中的发射频段(1668MHz-1675MHz)和接收频段(1518MHz-1525MHz)。或者，也可以应用于其他卫星通信系统，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
在一个实施例中，卫星通信包括：卫星收和/或发短消息(又称短报文)、卫星呼叫和/或接听电话、卫星数据(例如上网)，中的至少一种通信业务。
当天线200工作于天通卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括天通卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200进行语音通信。在一个实施例中，当天线200工作于北斗卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括北斗卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200发送或接收短报文、图片。在一个实施例中，当天线200工作于低轨道卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括低轨道卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200进行语音通信，发送或接收短报文、图片，以及上网等功能，低轨卫星还可以具有类似基站的部分功能。在一个实施例中，当天线200工作于天通卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括天通卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200进行语音通信。在一个实施例中，当天线200工作于北斗卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括北斗卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200发送或接收短报文、图片。在一个实施例中，当天线200工作于低轨道卫星系统(天线200的工作频段包括低轨道卫星系统中的至少部分频段)时，电子设备10可以通过天线200进行语音通信，发送或接收短报文、图片，以及上网等功能，低轨卫星还可以具有类似基站的部分功能。
应理解，当电子设备10进行卫星通信时，可以通过电子设备10中内的一个天线或多个天线与通信卫星进行通信。
在一个实施例中，当电子设备10进行卫星通信时，可以通过电子设备10中内的一个天线与通信卫星进行通信。在这种情况下，该天线可以在不同的时隙加载不同的电子元件以调整谐振的谐振点频率，从而使天线可以工作于卫星系统的发射频段和接收频段。
在一个实施例中，当电子设备10进行卫星通信时，可以通过电子设备10中内的多个天线与通信卫星进行通信。在这种情况下，多个天线中的部分的工作频段可以包括卫星系统中的发射频段，多个天线中的其他天线的工作频段可以包括卫星系统的接收频段。
当第一连接点211与第二开关支路232耦合、第二连接点212与第四开关支路234耦合，辐射体210用于产生第二谐振，第二谐振的谐振频段包括上述卫星通信频段中的至少部分频段。
例如，第一开关241的公共端口与第一开关241的第二连接端口耦合，第二开关支路232与第一连接点211耦合。第二开关242的公共端口与第二开关242的第二连接端口耦合，第四开关支路234与第二连接点212耦合。
根据本申请实施例，当第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合至第一开关支路231或第二开关支路232、第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合至第三开关支路233或第四开关支路234时，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第一频段，或，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。
例如，在不同的元件与第一连接点211耦合、不同的元件与第二连接点212耦合的情况下，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均可以包括第一频段，或，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。
应理解，当电子设备10通过天线200与通信卫星进行通信。天线200的工作频段可以包括卫星通信频段中的发射频段和接收频段。在一个实施例中，馈电电路220用于传输第一频段的射频信号和第二频段的射频信号。
在一个实施例中，在第一时间/时间段，上述实施例中的第一谐振的谐振频段、第二谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段、第一频段可以包括卫星通信频段中的发射频段。
在一个实施例中，在第一时间/时间段，上述实施例中的第一谐振的谐振频段、第二谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段，第二频段可以包括卫星通信频段中的接收频段。
在一个实施例中，第一频段可以包括1.5GHz至4.5GHz内的至少部分频段。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于天通卫星系统，第一频段可以包括其中的发射频段(1980MHz-2010MHz)。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于北斗卫星系统，第一频段可以包括其中的发射频段(1610MHz-1626.5MHz)。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于低轨道卫星系统(例如，星网)，第一频段可以包括其中的发射频段(1668MHz-1675MHz)。
在一个实施例中，第二频段可以包括1.5GHz至4.5GHz内的至少部分频段。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于天通卫星系统，第二频段可以包括其中的接收频段(2170MHz-2200MHz)。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于北斗卫星系统，第二频段可以包括其中的接收频段(2483.5MHz-2500MHz)。在一个实施例中，天线200工作于低轨道卫星系统(例如，星网)，第二频段可以包括其中的接收频段(1518MHz-1525MHz)。
应理解，在本申请实施例(例如，在图5所示的电子设备10)中，以天线200处于同一工作状态为例进行说明。其中，同一工作状态可以理解为天线200的工作频段要么包括第一频段，要么包括第二频段，天线200在第一开关241耦合至第一开关支路231或第二开关支路232、第二开关242耦合至第三开关支路233或第四开关支路234时均可以在该相应的频段进行通信。
根据本申请实施例，通过切换与第一连接点211耦合的第一开关支路231或第二开关支路232、以及与第二连接点212耦合的第三开关支路233或第四开关支路234，调整第一连接点211与地板300之间的耦合量、以及第二连接点212与地板300之间的耦合量，可以调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，从而使天线200在第一频段(或第二频段)产生的方向图发生偏转。通过调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，使天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向靠近通信卫星。因此，电子设备10在与顶部方向呈较大的角度(例如，50°，60°，或，70°)的范围内均具有良好的通信特性。
辐射体210产生的谐振(例如，第一谐振、第二谐振)由上述实施例中所述的线DM模式产生。由线DM模式产生的方向图，没有较强的流向地板300电流，因此，激励地板300上的电流少，地板300对于线DM模式产生的方向图的影响类似于反射板，从而线DM模式产生的方向图主要朝向电子设备10的顶部方向(辐射体210远离地板的方向，例如，y方向)。而由线CM模式产生的方向图，由于线CM模式流向地板300的电流较强，因此，激励地板300的电流多，而地板300对天线产生的方向图影响大，从而线CM模式产生的方向图并不主要朝向电子设备10的顶部方向(辐射体210远离地板的方向，例如，y方向)。
并且，在卫星通信频段，由线DM模式产生谐振的天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)可以满足卫星通信的需求。例如，在辐射体210呈直线延伸时，在同向电流作用下，导体损耗和介质损耗均较小，则第一天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)较高。而线CM模式由于辐射体上的电流反向，损耗较大，由线CM模式产生谐振的天线的效率(例如，辐射效率)较差。
在一个实施例中，辐射体210的两端为开放端，辐射体210可以工作于二分之一波长模式。辐射体210的电长度为第一波长的二分之一，第一波长为辐射体210产生的第一谐振对应的波长。其中，第一谐振对应的波长可以理解为第一谐振的谐振点对应的波长，或第一谐振频段的中心频率对应的波长。应理解，上述波长均为真空波长，由于介质波长与真空波长存在一定的换算关系，也可以将上述真空波长换算为介质波长。
在一个实施例中，当第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合至第一开关支路231、第二连接点212与第三开关支路233耦合，天线200产生第一方向图，第一方向图的最大辐射体方向为第一方向。在一个实施例中，天线200产生第一方向图可以认为辐射体210、第一开关支路231和第三开关支路233用于产生第一方向图。
当第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合至第二开关支路232、第二连接点212与第四开关支路234耦合，天线200产生第二方向图，第二方向图的最大辐射体方向为第二方向。在一个实施例中，天线200产生第二方向图可以认为辐射体210、第二开关支路232和第四开关支路234用于产生第二方向图。第一方向和第二方向不同。
应理解，天线200的工作频段包括第一频段(例如，天通卫星系统中的发射频段，1980MHz-2010MHz)，通过切换与第一连接点211耦合的第一开关支路231或第二开关支路232、以及与第二连接点212耦合的第三开关支路233或第四开关支路234，天线200则可以由第一方向图或第二方向图向通信卫星发射信号。
天线200的工作频段包括第二频段(例如，天通卫星系统中的接收频段，2170MHz-2200MHz)，通过切换与第一连接点211耦合的第一开关支路231或第二开关支路232、以及与第二连接点212耦合的第三开关支路233或第四开关支路234，天线200则可以由第一方向图或第二方向图接收通信卫星发送的信号。
当电子设备10通过天线200在不同时隙分别作为与通信卫星进行发射和接收的天线，则天线200的工作频段可以在不同的时隙分别包括卫星系统的发射频段或接收频段。在对应的时隙，天线200均可以通过产生的第一方向图或第二方向图向通信卫星发射射频信号或者接收通信卫星发送的射频信号。
在一个实施例中，第一方向和第二方向之间所呈角度大于或等于10°，且小于或等于90°。
应理解，当第一方向图的最大辐射方向和第二方向图的最大辐射方向朝顶部方向两侧偏移(第一方向和第二方向之间具有更大的角度)，则可以进一步展宽天线200辐射波束的宽度，使天线200在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234可以为电容或等效为电容。在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231的等效电容值大于第二开关支路232的等效电容值，第三开关支路233的等效电容值小于第四开关支路234的等效电容值。
在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234可以为电感或等效为电感。在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231的等效电感值大于第二开关支路232的等效电感值，第三开关支路233的等效电感值小于第四开关支路234的等效电感值。
在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232可以为电容或等效为电容，第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234可以为电感或等效为电感。在一个实施例中，第一开关支路231的等效电容值大于第二开关支路232的等效电容值，第三开关支路233的等效电感值大于第四开关支路234的等效电感值。
应理解，由于第一连接点211耦合第一开关支路231、第二连接点212耦合第三开关支路233，以及，第一连接点211耦合第二开关支路232、第二连接点212耦合第四开关支路234时，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均可以包括第一频段，或，辐射体210产生的谐振的谐振频段均包括第二频段。因此，第一谐振的谐振点和第二谐振的谐振点大致相同(例如，频率差小于50MHz)。对应的，第一连接点211耦合第一开关支路231、第二连接点212第三开关支路233时的辐射体210的电长度与第一连接点211耦合第二开关支路232、第二连接点212耦合第四开关支路234时的辐射体210的电长度大致相同。
因此，当第一连接点211处加载的开关支路使辐射体210的长度增加时，第二连接点212处加载的开关支路使辐射体210的长度减少，或者，当第一连接点211处加载的开关支路使辐射体210的长度减少时，第二连接点212处加载的开关支路使辐射体210的长度增加，以使连接点耦合不同开关支路时的辐射体210的电长度大致相同。
在一个实施例中，第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)时，对应的，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)。辐射体210上第一连接点211一侧的电流增加，第二连接点212一侧的电流减小。辐射体210在第一连接点211一侧产生的电场减小，第二连接点212一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第二连接点212一侧偏转。
应理解，在本申请实施例中所述的第二连接点212一侧可以理解为在上半球区域内，由yoz平面分为的两侧中第二连接点212所在一侧(例如，右侧)(例如，0°≤Phi≤90°)。在本申请实施例中，坐标系的原点(o)可以理解为辐射体210的中心，辐射体210的中心两侧的辐射体的长度相同。在本申请实施例中，连接点一侧均可以相应理解，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
其中，上半球区域可以理解为与顶部方向所呈角度小于或等于90°范围内的区域。在坐标系中可以理解为xoz平面朝向y方向的正向的区域。
在一个实施例中，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)时，对应的，第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)。辐射体210上第二连接点212一侧的电流增加，第一连接点211一侧的电流减小。辐射体210在第二连接点212一侧产生的电场减小，第一连接点211一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第一连接点211一侧偏转。
应理解，当连接点耦合的开关支路由呈容性切换为呈感性时，可以理解为连接点耦合的开关支路的电容值减小，该连接点所在一侧的辐射体上的电流减小，产生的电场增加，天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝该连接点所在一侧偏转。对应的，当连接点耦合的开关支路由呈感性切换为呈容性时，可以理解为连接点耦合的开关支路的电感值减小，该连接点所在一侧的辐射体上的电流增加，产生的电场减小，天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝该连接点所在的另一侧偏转。
在一个实施例中，辐射体210还可以包括接地点222，如图6所示。接地点222位于第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间。辐射体210在接地点222与地板300耦合。
应理解，当第一连接点211与第一开关支路231耦合、第二连接点212与第三开关支路233耦合，辐射体210还用于产生第三谐振。当第一连接点211与第二开关支路232耦合、第二连接点212与第四开关支路234耦合，辐射体210还用于产生第四谐振。第三谐振和第四谐振由上述实施例中所述的线CM模式产生。
在一个实施例中，第一谐振的谐振点频率和第三谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于第一谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一。在一个实施例中，第二谐振的谐振点频率和第四谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于第二谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一。
在一个实施例中，天线200的第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振频段包括第一频段(例如，天通卫星系统中的发射频段，1980MHz-2010MHz)，第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率不位于1.8GHz至2.2GHz范围内。在一个实施例中，天线200的第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振频段包括第一频段(例如，低轨道卫星系统(例如，星网)中的发射频段，1668MHz-1675MHz)，第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率不位于1.5GHz至1.8GHz范围内。
在一个实施例中，天线200的第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振频段包括第二频段(例如，天通卫星系统中的接收频段，2170MHz-2200MHz)，第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率不位于2GHz至2.4GHz范围内。在一个实施例中，天线200的第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振频段包括第二频段(例如，低轨道卫星系统(例如，星网)中的接收频段，1518MHz-1525MHz)，第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率不位于1.35GHz至1.65GHz范围内。
应理解，第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率可以高于第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率，或者，也可以低于第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率。第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率和第三谐振(第四谐振)的谐振点频率之间的间隔较大，以使天线200在第一频段(或第二频段)具有较好的线DM模式的辐射特性(例如，在谐振频段不会出现辐射效率的凹坑)。
在一个实施例中，上述实施例中所述的第三谐振和第四谐振也可以是其他模式产生的谐振，为了使天线200在第一频段(或第二频段)具有较好的线DM模式的辐射特性(例如，在谐振频段不会出现辐射效率的凹坑)，在第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率的一定范围内不出现其他谐振的谐振点。
例如，当辐射体210不包括接地点222时，第三谐振和第四谐振可以理解为由高次模(例如，一倍波长模式、二分之三波长模式等)产生的谐振，或者，而也可以理解为辐射体210周围设置的寄生枝节产生的寄生谐振。
应理解，在本申请实施例中仅以辐射体210的基模为例进行说明，为了论述的简洁不再一一赘述。基模可以理解为在当前的边界条件(辐射体210的两端为开放端)下，辐射体210可以产生的谐振中频率最低的谐振。辐射体210的两端为开放端，辐射体210的基模可以认为是二分之一波长模式，在该模式下，辐射体210具有两个电场大点(电流零点)，分别位于辐射体210的两端附近的区域。而随着辐射体210的辐射模式提升，辐射体210产生的电场大点的数量增多。
在一个实施例中，天线200还可以包括第一调谐支路235和第二调谐支路236。
第一调谐支路235通过第一开关241耦合连接于第一连接点211和地板300之间。在一个实施例中，第一开关241的第三连接端口与第一调谐支路235耦合。
第二调谐支路236通过第二开关242耦合连接于第二连接点212和地板300之间。在一个实施例中，第二开关242的第三连接端口与第二调谐支路236耦合。
当第一连接点211与第一开关支路231耦合、第二连接点212与第三开关支路233耦合，辐射体210产生的第一谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段。当第一连接点211与第二开关支路232耦合、第二连接点212与第四开关支路234耦合，辐射体210产生的第二谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段。当第一连接点211与第一调谐支路235耦合、第二连接点212与第二调谐支路236耦合，辐射体210用于产生第五谐振，第五谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段。
或者，当第一连接点211与第一开关支路231耦合、第二连接点212与第三开关支路233耦合，辐射体210产生的第一谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段。当第一连接点211与第二开关支路232耦合、第二连接点212与第四开关支路234耦合，辐射体210产生的第二谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段。当第一连接点211与第一调谐支路235耦合、第二连接点212与第二调谐支路236耦合，辐射体210用于产生第五谐振，第五谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段。
应理解，在上述实施例中，第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234可以用来切换天线200在第一频段或第二频段的辐射特性(例如，最大辐射方向)。第一调谐支路235和第二调谐支路236用来切换天线200的工作频段，使天线200可以在不同时隙工作于卫星通信系统的发射频段或接收频段。
在一个实施例中，天线200还可以包第三开关243，如图7所示。第三开关243可以耦合连接于接地点222和地板300之间。
应理解，第三开关243可以用于接地点222与地板300之间的耦合状态。例如，当电子设备10进行卫星通信时，第三开关243呈断路状态，接地点222不与地板300耦合，天线200仅由DM模式产生谐振，在第一频段(或第二频段)具有较好的线DM模式的辐射特性(例如，在谐振频段不会出现辐射效率的凹坑)，在第一谐振(第二谐振)的谐振点频率的一定范围内不出现其他谐振的谐振点。当电子设备10不进行卫星通信时，第三开关243呈导通状态，接地点222与地板300耦合，第一位置201和接地点222之间的辐射体210与第二位置202和接地点222之间的辐射体210可以分别作为其他天线的辐射体，分别进行通信。
图8是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200的S参数仿真结果。
如图8所示，当第一连接点和第二连接点耦合不同的开关支路时，均可以在1.58GHz附近产生谐振。并且，与该谐振相邻的谐振的谐振点频率差约为1.3GHz，天线在该谐振的谐振频段可以具有较好的线DM模式的辐射特性(例如，在谐振频段不会出现辐射效率的凹坑)。
应理解，在图8中，图示示出了在1.58GHz附近产生的谐振的谐振点频率以及谐振深度，仅作为距离使用，在实际的生产或设计中，谐振的谐振点频率以及谐振深度均可以进行调整，不再一一赘述。
图9至图15是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200的仿真结果。其中，图9是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电流分布仿真结果。图10是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电场分布仿真结果。图11是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电流分布仿真结果。图12是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电场分布仿真结果。图13是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电流分布仿真结果。图14是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电场分布仿真结果。图15是图5所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1、场景2和场景3产生的方向图仿真结果。
应理解，本申请实施例中所示的二维方向图均为天线200在xoy平面(Theta＝0°，Theta为与z轴正方向所呈角度)的方向图。其中，顶部方向为Phi＝90°(Phi为与x轴正方向所呈角度，Phi＝90°为上述实施例中所述的y方向)。
在本申请实施例中所示的电流分布仿真结果中，电流较强的区域的亮度较高。在本申请实施例中所示的电场分布仿真结果中，电场较强的区域的亮度较高(例如，红色区域的电场强度大于黄色区域大于绿色区域)。
在本申请实施例中，场景1可以理解为第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值大致相同，场景2可以理解为第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小，场景2可以理解为第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加。
如图9所示，当第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值大致相同，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较强，在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较弱。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较强，在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较弱，如图10所示。
在场景1下，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝顶部方向(y方向，Phi＝90°)，如图15所示。
如图11所示，当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211附近区域增强，在第二连接点212附近区域减弱，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐减弱。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域减弱，在第二连接点212附近区域增强，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐增强，如图12所示。
在场景2下，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第二连接点一侧偏转(0°≤Phi≤90°)，如图15所示。
如图13所示，当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211附近区域减弱，在第二连接点212附近区域增强，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐增强。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域增强，在第二连接点212附近区域减弱，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐减弱，如图14所示。
在场景3下，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第一连接点一侧偏转(90°≤Phi≤180°)，如图15所示。
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图16所示，第二位置202位于第二边132。
应理解，图16所示的天线200与图5至图7所示的天线200的区别仅在于第二位置202。在图5至图7所示的电子设备10中，第二位置202位于第一边131，辐射体210呈直线状。而在图16所示的电子设备10中，第二位置202位于第二边132，辐射体210呈折线状。
在一个实施例中，辐射体210在第一边131上的长度L1与辐射体210在第二边132上的长度L2满足：0.5≤(L1/L2)≤3。
应理解，辐射体210在第一边131上的长度L1可以理解为辐射体210在第一边131的延伸方向(例如，x方向)上的尺寸。为了论述的简洁，辐射体210在第二边132上的长度L2也可以相应理解，在本申请实施例中在某条边上的长度均可以相应理解。
在一个实施例中，馈电点221可以位于第一边131，以使天线200具有较好的辐射特性。
为了论述的简洁，图16所示的电子设备10与图5至图7所示的电子设备10类似的部分不再一一赘述，例如，类似部分包括：第一频段的信息；第二频段的信息；天线200通过切换第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路调整天线200产生的方向图；第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的调节方式；辐射体210产生的第一谐振和第二谐振附近不设置其他谐振；辐射体210的工作模式；等等。
图17至图23是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200的仿真结果。其中，图17是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电流分布仿真结果。图18是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1的电场分布仿真结果。图19是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电流分布仿真结果。图20是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景2的电场分布仿真结果。图21是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电流分布仿真结果。图22是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景3的电场分布仿真结果。图23是图16所示的电子设备10中天线200在场景1、场景2和场景3产生的方向图仿真结果。
如图17所示，当第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值大致相同，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较强，在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较弱。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较强，在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较弱，如图18所示。
在场景1下，由于辐射体210的部分位于第一边、另外部分位于第二边，辐射体210位于电子设备10的右侧，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝顶部方向(y方向，Phi＝90°)的右侧(0°≤Phi≤90°)，如图23所示。
如图19所示，当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211附近区域增强，在第二连接点212附近区域减弱，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐减弱。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域减弱，在第二连接点212附近区域增强，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐增强，如图20所示。
在场景2下，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第二连接点一侧偏转，如图23所示。由于第二连接点位于第二边，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝底部方向(在本申请实施例中，底部方向可以理解为垂直于第一边131且由第一边131指向电子设备10内部的方向，例如，y负方向，Phi＝270°)。
如图21所示，当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小、第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211附近区域减弱，在第二连接点212附近区域增强，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐增强。
对应的，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域增强，在第二连接点212附近区域减弱，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211靠近第二连接点212的过程中逐渐减弱，如图22所示。
在场景3下，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第一连接点一侧偏转(90°≤Phi≤180°)，如图23所示。
图24是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图24所示，边框11还包括第三位置203。第一位置201位于第三位置203和第二位置202之间。边框11在第三位置203具有第三绝缘缝隙。
天线200还包括第一寄生枝节251。
第一寄生枝节251包括边框11在第一位置201和第三位置203之间的导电部分。第一寄生枝节251的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。
应理解，图24所示的天线200与图16所示的天线200的区别仅在于第一寄生枝节251。在图16所示的电子设备10中，天线200不包括第一寄生枝节251。而在图16所示的电子设备10中，天线200包括第一寄生枝节251。第一寄生枝节251可以用于提升天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧的辐射特性，例如，第一寄生枝节251可以用于展宽天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧的方向图的宽度，使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧可以在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
在一个实施例中，第一寄生枝节251上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向。
应理解，第一寄生枝节251和辐射体210可以具有类似电流组阵的效果，以使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧具有更好的辐射特性。第一寄生枝节251可以用于增强电子设备10在顶部方向朝第一寄生枝节251一侧的辐射，电子设备10可以在与顶部方向呈更大的角度范围内具有良好的通信特性。
其中，在本申请实施例中所述的第一寄生枝节251一侧可以理解为在上半球区域内，由yoz平面分为的两侧中第一寄生枝节251所在一侧(例如，左侧)(例如，90°≤Phi≤180°)。在本申请实施例中，寄生枝节一侧均可以相应理解，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
并且，第一寄生枝节251上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向时，由于第一寄生枝节251上的电流与辐射体210上的电流不存在电流零点，因此，天线200产生的方向图中不会产生由于电流反向造成的零点。
在一个实施例中，天线200还包括第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238和第四开关244。
辐射体210的第一端包括第三连接点213，第一寄生枝节251的第一端包括第四连接点214。辐射体210的第一端与第一寄生枝节251的第一端通过第一绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触。
第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238通过第四开关244耦合连接于第三连接点213和第四连接点214之间。在一个实施例中，第四开关244的第一连接端口与第五开关支路237耦合，第四开关244的第二连接端口与第六开关支路238耦合。
在一个实施例中，第一寄生枝节251用于调整辐射体210的第一端的电场分布，从而调整天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧产生的方向图。
应理解，第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238和第四开关244可以用于确定辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量，从而调整第一寄生枝节251上的电流、以及辐射体210的第一端的电场分布，进而使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧具有不同的辐射特性，例如，天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧产生的方向图的波束宽度。
例如，第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)时，对应的，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)。辐射体210在第二连接点212一侧产生的电场减小，第一连接点211一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第一连接点211一侧偏转。在这种情况下，增加辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量，使第一寄生枝节251上具有较强的电流，进而使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧(第一连接点211一侧)具有更好的辐射特性(可以在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性)。
当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)时，对应的，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)。辐射体210在第一连接点211一侧产生的电场减小，第二连接点212一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第二连接点212一侧偏转。在这种情况下，减小辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量，使第一寄生枝节251上具有较弱的电流，使第二连接点212附近具有更强的电场，进而使天线200在第二连接点212一侧具有更好的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第三连接点213和第一连接点211重合。
在一个实施例中，第二位置202位于第二边132，第三位置203位于第一边131，如图24所示。辐射体210呈折线状，第一寄生枝节251呈直线状。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤2。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤1.5。当辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3在上述范围内时，天线200在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第二位置202位于第一边131，第三位置203位于第二边132，如图25所示。辐射体210呈直线状，第一寄生枝节251呈折线状。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤2。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤1.5。当辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3在上述范围内时，天线200在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
应理解，在图24和图25所示的电子设备10中，仅以天线200同时包括第一开关241、第四开关244、第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238为例进行说明。在图24和图25所示的电子设备10中，第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238和第四开关244用于确定辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量，从而调整第一寄生枝节251上的电流、以及辐射体210的第一端的电场分布，进而使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧具有不同的辐射特性。
在实际的生产或设计中，天线200可以不包括第一开关241、第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232(仅包括第二开关242、第四开关244、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234、第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238)，如图26所示。
由第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238和第四开关244也可以实现图5至图7以及图16所示的第一开关241、第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232的作用。例如，通过调整第三连接点213与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合、以及第二连接点212与地板300之间的耦合量，可以调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，从而使天线200在第一频段(或第二频段)产生的方向图发生偏转。通过调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，使天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向靠近通信卫星。
为了论述的简洁，图24、图25所示的电子设备10与图5至图7以及图16所示的电子设备10类似的部分不再一一赘述，例如，类似部分包括：第一频段的信息；第二频段的信息；天线200通过切换第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路调整天线200产生的方向图；第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的调节方式；辐射体210产生的第一谐振和第二谐振附近不设置其他谐振；辐射体210的工作模式；等等。
图27至图29是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200的仿真结果。其中，图27是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200在的电流分布仿真结果。图28是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200的电场分布仿真结果。图29是图24所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
在第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的等效电容值大致相同的情况下，当未设置第一寄生枝节251时，辐射体210上的电流在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较强，在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较弱，如图17所示。而当设置第一寄生枝节251时，辐射体210上的电流在第二连接点212附近区域进一步减弱，第一寄生枝节251的第一端附近具有较强的电流，如图27所示，
对应的，当未设置第一寄生枝节251时，天线产生的电场在第一连接点211附近区域和第二连接点212附近区域较强，在第一连接点211和第二连接点212之间较弱，如图18所示。而当设置第一寄生枝节251时，第一连接点211附近的电场减弱。第一寄生枝节251一侧具有较强的电场。
在未设置第一寄生枝节251时，由于辐射体210的部分位于第一边、另外部分位于第二边，辐射体210位于电子设备10的右侧，如图29所示。而在设置第一寄生枝节251时，在第一寄生枝节251一侧具有较强的电场，天线在第一寄生枝节251一侧的辐射增强，天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性，如图29所示。
图30是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
图30是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图30所示，边框11还包括第四位置204。第二位置202位于第四位置204和第一位置201之间。边框11在第四位置204具有第四绝缘缝隙。
天线200还包括第二寄生枝节252。
第二寄生枝节252包括边框11在第二位置202和第四位置204之间的导电部分。第二寄生枝节252的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。
应理解，图30所示的天线200与图24、图25所示的天线200的区别仅在于第二寄生枝节252。在图24和图25所示的电子设备10中，天线200仅包括第一寄生枝节251、不包括第二寄生枝节252。而在图30所示的电子设备10中，天线200同时包括第二寄生枝节252。第二寄生枝节252可以用于提升天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧的辐射特性，例如，第二寄生枝节252可以用于展宽天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧的方向图的宽度，使天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧可以在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
在一个实施例中，第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向。
应理解，第二寄生枝节252和辐射体210可以具有类似电流组阵的效果，以使天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧具有更好的辐射特性。第二寄生枝节252可以用于增强电子设备10在顶部方向朝第二寄生枝节252一侧的辐射，电子设备10可以在与顶部方向呈更大的角度范围内具有良好的通信特性。
第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向时，由于第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流不存在电流零点，因此，天线200产生的方向图中不会产生由于电流反向造成的零点。
在一个实施例中，第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向。
应理解，第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向时，第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252和辐射体210可以具有类似电流组阵的效果，以使天线200在顶部方向两侧均具有更好的辐射特性。
第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向时，由于第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流不存在电流零点，因此，天线200产生的方向图中不会产生由于电流反向造成的零点，天线200在上半球区域的良好的辐射特性。在一个实施例中，天线200还包括第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240和第五开关245。
辐射体210的第二端包括第五连接点215，第二寄生枝节252的第一端包括第六连接点216。辐射体210的第二端与第二寄生枝节252的第一端通过第二绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触。
第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240通过第五开关245耦合连接于第五连接点215和第六连接点216之间。在一个实施例中，第五开关245的第一连接端口与第七开关支路239耦合，第五开关245的第二连接端口与第八开关支路240耦合。
在一个实施例中，第二寄生枝节252用于调整辐射体210的第二端的电场分布，从而调整天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧产生的方向图。
应理解，第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240和第五开关245可以用于确定辐射体210与第二寄生枝节252之间的耦合量，从而调整第二寄生枝节252上的电流、以及辐射体210的第二端的电场分布，进而使天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧具有不同的辐射特性，例如，天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧产生的方向图的波束宽度。
例如，第一连接点211通过第一开关241耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)时，对应的，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)。辐射体210在第二连接点212一侧产生的电场减小，第一连接点211一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第一连接点211一侧偏转。在这种情况下，增加辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量、减小辐射体210与第二寄生枝节252之间的耦合量，使第一寄生枝节251上具有较强的电流、第二寄生枝节252上具有较弱的电流，进而使天线200在第一寄生枝节251一侧(第一连接点211一侧)具有更好的辐射特性(可以在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性)。
当第一连接点211耦合的开关支路的等效电容值增加(或等效电感值减小)时，对应的，第二连接点212通过第二开关242耦合的开关支路的等效电容值减小(或等效电感值增加)。辐射体210在第一连接点211一侧产生的电场减小，第二连接点212一侧产生的电场增加。天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝第二连接点212一侧偏转。在这种情况下，减小辐射体210与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量、增加辐射体210与第二寄生枝节252之间的耦合量，使第一寄生枝节251上具有较弱的电流、第二寄生枝节252上具有较强的电流，使第二连接点212附近具有更强的电场，进而使天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧(第二连接点212一侧)具有更好的辐射特性(可以在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性)。
在一个实施例中，第五连接点215和第二连接点212重合。
在一个实施例中，边框11还包括与第一边呈角相交的第三边133。第二位置202位于第一边131，第四位置204位于第三边133，如图30所示。辐射体210呈直线状，第二寄生枝节252呈折线状。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤2。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤1.5。当辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4在上述范围内时，天线200在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
在一个实施例中，第二位置202、第四位置204均位于第二边132，如图31所示。辐射体210呈折线状，第二寄生枝节252呈直线状。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤2。在一个实施例中，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤1.5。当辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4在上述范围内时，天线200在顶部方向可以具有良好的辐射特性。
应理解，当辐射体210的部分位于第一边131，部分位于第二边132时，天线200产生的方向图具有更大的调节灵活度，例如，可以在与顶部方向呈更大的角度范围内具有良好的通信特性。
应理解，在图30、图31所示的电子设备10中，仅以天线200同时包括第二开关242、第五开关245、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234、第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240为例进行说明。在图30和图31所示的电子设备10中，第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240和第五开关245用于确定辐射体210与第二寄生枝节252之间的耦合量，从而调整第二寄生枝节252上的电流、以及辐射体210的第二端的电场分布，进而使天线200在第二寄生枝节252一侧具有不同的辐射特性。
在实际的生产或设计中，天线200可以不包括第二开关242、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234(仅包括第四开关244、第五开关245、第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238、第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240，或，仅包括第一开关241、第四开关244、第五开关245、第一开关支路231、第二开关支路232、第五开关支路237、第六开关支路238、第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240)，如图32所示。
由第七开关支路239、第八开关支路240和第五开关245也可以实现图5至图7以及图16所示的第二开关242、第三开关支路233、第四开关支路234的作用。例如，通过调整第五连接点215与第二寄生枝节252之间的耦合、以及第三连接点213与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量(当包括第一连接点211时，可以调节第一连接点211与地板300之间的耦合量)，可以调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，从而使天线200在第一频段(或第二频段)产生的方向图发生偏转。通过调整辐射体210上的电流分布、以及辐射体210产生的电场分布，使天线200产生的方向图的最大辐射方向靠近通信卫星。
为了论述的简洁，图30、图31所示的电子设备10与图24、图25所示的电子设备10类似的部分不再一一赘述，例如，类似部分包括：第一频段的信息；第二频段的信息；天线200通过切换第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路调整天线200产生的方向图；第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的调节方式；辐射体210产生的第一谐振和第二谐振附近不设置其他谐振；辐射体210的工作模式；第一寄生枝节251的位置；等等。
图33是图30所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
在图33所示的仿真结果中示出了3种情况下对应的天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。情况1、未调节辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量。情况2、增加辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及减小辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量。情况3、减小辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及增加辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量。
如图33所示，在情况1，当未调节辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量时，天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向朝顶部方向(y方向，Phi＝90°)。相较于未设置第一寄生枝节、第二寄生枝节的天线(图5所示的天线200)，设置第一寄生枝节、第二寄生枝节可以使天线在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
在情况2，当增加辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及减小辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量，天线在第一寄生枝节一侧的辐射增强，天线在第一寄生枝节一侧在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
在情况3，当减小辐射体与第一寄生枝节之间的耦合量以及增加辐射体与第二寄生枝节之间的耦合量，天线在第如图寄生枝节一侧的辐射增强，天线在第如图寄生枝节一侧在更宽的角度(与顶部方向所呈角度)范围内具有良好的通信特性。
图34是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图34所示，天线200还可以包括功分器250。
其中，馈电点221包括第一馈电点2211和第二馈电点2212。馈电电路220与功分器250的输入端口耦合，功分器250的第一端口与第一馈电点2211耦合，功分器250的第二端口与第二馈电点2212耦合。在一个实施例中，辐射体210在第一馈电点2211和第二馈电点2212之间具有第五绝缘缝隙。
应理解，功分器250可以用于将馈电电路220传输的射频信号的功率由输入端口分配并传输至第一端口和第二端口，实现功分特性。在一个实施例中，第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)处射频信号的功率大致相同(例如，由于输出端口至第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)之间的电路路径不同，功率存在部分损耗，因此，功率误差在15％以内均可以认为大致相同)。在一个实施例中，第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)处射频信号的功率不相同，例如，第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)处射频信号的功率的比值为0.5、2、3等，可以根据实际的生产或设计确定，本申请实施例对此并不做限制。
应理解，功分器250可以理解为用于实现上述功能的电路。在一个实施例中，功分器250可以理解为包括功分芯片的电路，该电路具有上述功能。在一个实施例中，功分器250可以理解为包括功分器芯片的电路，该电路具有上述功能。在一个实施例中，功分器250可以理解为由微带线/带状线组成的电路，该电路具有上述功能。本申请实施例并不限制功分器250的结构，可以根据实际的生产或设计确定，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
图34所示的天线200与图30、图31所示的天线200的区别仅在于功分器250。在图30和图31所示的电子设备10中，天线200不包括功分器250。
而在图34所示的电子设备10中，天线200包括功分器250。由于辐射体210包括第一馈电点2211和第二馈电点2212，因此，第一位置201和第五绝缘缝隙之间的辐射体210以及第二位置202和第五绝缘缝隙之间的辐射体210可以分别馈入功率相同或不同的射频信号，从而使天线200的辐射特性(例如，最大辐射方向)具有更大的调节自由度。
在一个实施例中，功分器250还可以调整传输的射频信号的相位，功分器250可以作为功分移相器250。
应理解，功分器250可以用于将馈电电路220传输的射频信号的功率由输入端口分配并传输至第一端口和第二端口，实现功分特性，还以可用于调整第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)处射频信号的相位，实现移相功能。
应理解，功分移相器250可以理解为用于实现上述功能的电路。在一个实施例中，功分移相器250可以理解为包括功分移相芯片的电路，该电路具有上述功能。在一个实施例中，功分移相器250可以理解为包括功分器芯片和移相器芯片的电路，该电路具有上述功能。在一个实施例中，功分移相器250可以理解为由微带线/带状线组成的电路，该电路具有上述功能。本申请实施例并不限制功分移相器250的结构，可以根据实际的生产或设计确定，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
应理解，功分移相器250在用于进行功率分配的同时还可以调整第一端口(第一馈电点2211)、第二端口(第二馈电点2212)处射频信号的相位，可以进一步增加天线200的辐射特性(例如，最大辐射方向)的调节自由度。
应理解，在图34所示的电子设备10中天线200包括第一寄生枝节251和第二寄生枝节252，在实际的生产或设计中，天线200可以包括第一寄生枝节251和第二寄生枝节252中的一个，或者，不包括第一寄生枝节251和第二寄生枝节252、仅包括辐射体210，本申请实施例对此并不做限制，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
为了论述的简洁，图34所示的电子设备10与图30、图31所示的电子设备10类似的部分不再一一赘述，例如，类似部分包括：第一频段的信息；第二频段的信息；天线200通过切换第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路调整天线200产生的方向图；第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路的调节方式；辐射体210产生的第一谐振和第二谐振附近不设置其他谐振；辐射体210的工作模式；第一寄生枝节251的位置；第二寄生枝节252的位置；等等。
图35是图34所示的电子设备10中天线200产生的方向图仿真结果。
如图35所示，当天线包括功分器时，第一馈电点2211和第二馈电点2212处馈入功率不同的射频信号可以调整天线产生的方向图的最大辐射方向。
图36至图40是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图36所示，第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252还可以包括接地点，第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252在接地点与地板300耦合。
在一个实施例中，第一寄生枝节251包括接地点，第二寄生枝节252不包括接地点，如图37所示。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，并不限制第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252包括接地点，或，第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252不包括接地点，以及寄生枝节上接地点的位置，可以根据实际的生产或设计确定。
在一个实施例中，天线2300可以不包括用于调整寄生枝节与辐射体210之间耦合量的开关以及开关支路。例如，第二寄生枝节252的第一端和辐射体210的第二端之间不设置开关以及开关支路，如图37所示。
在一个实施例中，天线200还可以包括第三寄生枝节253，如图38和图40所示。
其中，边框11还包括第五位置205。第三位置203位于第一位置201和第五位置205之间。边框11在第五位置具有第六绝缘缝隙。第三寄生枝节253包括边框11在第五位置205和第三位置203之间的导电部分。第三寄生枝节253的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。
在一个实施例中，第三寄生枝节253的第一端与第一寄生枝节251的第二端通过第六绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触。第三寄生枝节253的第一端与第一寄生枝节251的第二端之间设置开关以及开关支路，用于控制第三寄生枝节253与第一寄生枝节251之间的耦合量。
应理解，在上述实施例中，仅以寄生枝节的两端是开放端为例进行说明，在一个实施例中，寄生枝节的两端也可以包括接地端，如图39所示。在一个实施例中，边框11在第四位置204与地板300耦合。第二寄生枝节252的一端为接地端，一端为开放端。在一个实施例中，边框11在第五位置205与地板300耦合。第三寄生枝节253的一端为接地端，一端为开放端。在实际的应用中，在本申请实施例中所述的寄生枝节均可以为一端是接地端，一端是开放端的结构，本申请实施例对此并不做限制，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
在一个实施例中，当寄生枝节的两端是开放端时，辐射体210与寄生枝节的长度可以满足一定的比例关系，以使天线200具有更好的辐射特性。例如，在上述实施例中，当第一寄生枝节251的两端是开放端(如图24至图26所示)，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤2。当第二寄生枝节252的两端是开放端(如图30至图32所示)，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤2。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，当寄生枝节的两端是开放端时，辐射体210与寄生枝节的长度均可以满足上述比例关系，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
在一个实施例中，当寄生枝节的一端为接地端、一端为开放端时，辐射体210与寄生枝节的长度可以满足一定的比例关系，以使天线200具有更好的辐射特性。例如，在上述实施例中，当第一寄生枝节251的一端为接地端、一端为开放端，辐射体210的长度L0与第一寄生枝节251的长度L3满足：0.25≤(L0/L3)≤1。当第二寄生枝节252的一端为接地端、一端为开放端(如图30至图32所示)，辐射体210的长度L0与第二寄生枝节252的长度L4满足：0.25≤(L0/L4)≤1。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，当寄生枝节的一端为接地端、一端为开放端时，辐射体210与寄生枝节的长度均可以满足上述比例关系，为了论述的简洁，不再一一赘述。
在一个实施例中，天线200可以同时包括第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252以及第三寄生枝节253，如图38所示。在一个实施例中，天线200可以同时包括第一寄生枝节251以及第三寄生枝节253，不包括第二寄生枝节252，如图40所示。
图41是本申请实施例提供的又一种电子设备10的示意图。
如图41所示，电子设备10可以是可穿戴电子设备。
其中，边框11可以呈环形。第三位置203、第一位置201、第二位置202和第四位置204也可以依次设置于环形的边框11上。
边框11在第一位置201和第二位置202分别具有第一绝缘缝隙和第二绝缘缝隙。边框11在第三位置203具有绝缘缝隙或地板300耦合。边框11在第四位置204具有绝缘缝隙或地板300耦合。
电子设备10包括天线200。
天线200包括辐射体210、第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252。在一个实施例中，辐射体210、第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252呈环形分布
辐射体210包括边框11在第一位置201和第二位置202之间的导电部分。第一寄生枝节251包括边框11在第一位置201和第三位置203之间的导电部分。第二寄生枝节252包括边框11在第二位置202和第四位置204之间的导电部分。辐射体210、第一寄生枝节251、第二寄生枝节252的至少部分与地板300间隔设置。
应理解，上述实施例中技术方案也可以应用于可穿戴电子设备10中。为了论述的简洁，类似的部分不再一一赘述，例如，类似部分包括：第一频段的信息；第二频段的信息；天线200通过切换第一连接点211和第二连接点212耦合的开关支路调整天线200产生的方向图；连接点耦合的开关支路的调节方式；辐射体210产生的第一谐振和第二谐振附近不设置其他谐振；辐射体210的工作模式；等等。
在一个实施例中，第三位置203和第四位置204重合(相同)，如图42所示。
在一个实施例中，第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流同向。
应理解，通过调整与连接点耦合的开关支路，可以使第一寄生枝节251上的电流、第二寄生枝节252上的电流与辐射体210上的电流呈顺时针或逆时针排布，从而使天线200可以具有左旋圆极化特性，或，右旋圆极化特性。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    地板；
    边框，所述边框包括第一位置和第二位置，所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第二位置具有第一绝缘缝隙和第二绝缘缝隙；
    天线，所述天线包括：
    辐射体，所述辐射体包括所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的导电部分，所述辐射体的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；
    馈电电路，所述辐射体包括馈电点，所述馈电电路与所述馈电点耦合；
    第一开关支路、第二开关支路和第一开关，所述辐射体包括第一连接点，所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关与所述第一连接点耦合连接；
    第三开关支路、第四开关支路和第二开关，所述辐射体包括第二连接点，所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关与所述第二连接点耦合连接；
    其中，
    所述第一连接点与所述第一位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；
    所述第二连接点与所述第二位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第一谐振；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第二谐振；
    其中，所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括第一频段，所述第一频段包括卫星通信频段中的发射频段，或者；
    所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括第二频段，所述第二频段包括卫星通信频段中的接收频段。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述天线用于产生第一方向图，所述第一方向图的最大辐射方向为第一方向；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述天线用于产生第二方向图，所述第二方向图的最大辐射方向为第二方向，所述第一方向和所述第二方向不同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一方向和所述第二方向之间所呈角度大于或等于10°，且小于或等于90°。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第一开关支路的等效电容值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电容值，所述第三开关支路的等效电容值小于所述第四开关支路的等效电容值，或，
    所述第一开关支路的等效电感值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电感值，所述第三开关支路的等效电感值小于所述第四开关支路的等效电感值，或，
    所述第一开关支路的等效电容值大于所述第二开关支路的等效电容值，所述第三开关支路的等效电感值大于所述第四开关支路的等效电感值。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框包括呈角相交的第一边和第二边，所述第一边的长度小于所述第二边的长度；
    所述第一位置位于所述第一边，所述第二位置位于所述第二边；
    其中，所述辐射体在所述第一边上的长度L1与所述辐射体在所述第二边上的长度L2满足：0.5≤(L1/L2)≤3。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述馈电点与所述第一位置之间的边框长度和所述馈电点与所述第二位置之间的边框长度不同。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关耦合连接于所述第一连接点和所述地板之间；
    所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关耦合连接于所述第二连接点和所述地板之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框还包括第三位置，所述第一位置位于所述第二位置和所述第三位置之间，所述边框在所述第三位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合；
    所述天线还包括第一寄生枝节，所述第一寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第一位置和所述第三位置之间的导电部分，所述第一寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；
    其中，所述辐射体的第一端与所述第一寄生枝节的第一端通过所述第一绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触，所述辐射体的第一端包括所述第一连接点；
    所述第一寄生枝节的第一端包括第三连接点，所述第一开关支路、所述第二开关支路通过所述第一开关耦合连接于所述第一连接点和所述第三连接点之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线还包括第五开关支路、第六开关支路和第三开关；
    其中，所述辐射体的第一端包括第四连接点，所述第四连接点与所述第一位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；
    所述第五开关支路、所述第六开关支路通过所述第三开关耦合连接于所述第四连接点和所述地板之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合、所述第四连接点与所述第五开关支路耦合，所述辐射体和所述第一寄生枝节用于产生所述第一谐振；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合、所述第四连接点与所述第六开关支路耦合，所述辐射体和所述第一寄生枝节用于产生所述第二谐振。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框在所述第三位置具有绝缘缝隙，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第一寄生枝节的长度L3满足：0.5≤(L0/L3)≤2，或，
    所述边框在所述第三位置与所述地板耦合，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第一寄生枝节的长度L3满足：0.25≤(L0/L3)≤1。
  12. 根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第一寄生枝节用于调整所述辐射体的第一端的电场分布，从而调整所述天线在所述第一寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框还包括第四位置，所述第二位置位于所述第一位置和所述第四位置之间，所述边框在所述第四位置具有绝缘缝隙或与所述地板耦合；
    所述天线还包括第二寄生枝节，所述第二寄生枝节包括所述边框在所述第二位置和所述第四位置之间的导电部分，所述第二寄生枝节的至少部分与所述地板间隔设置；
    其中，所述辐射体的第二端与所述第二寄生枝节的第一端通过所述第二绝缘缝隙相对且互不接触，所述辐射体的第二端包括所述第二连接点；
    所述第二寄生枝节的第一端包括第五连接点，所述第三开关支路、所述第四开关支路通过所述第二开关耦合连接于所述第二连接点和所述第五连接点之间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线还包括第七开关支路、第八开关支路和第四开关；
    其中，所述辐射体的第二端包括第六连接点，所述第六连接点与所述第二位置之间的边框的长度小于或等于所述辐射体的长度的三分之一；
    所述第七开关支路、所述第八开关支路通过所述第四开关耦合连接于所述第六连接点和所述地板之间。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合、所述第六连接点与所述第七开关支路耦合，所述辐射体、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节用于产生所述第一谐振；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合、所述第六连接点与所述第八开关支路耦合，所述辐射体、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节用于产生所述第二谐振。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框在所述第四位置具有绝缘缝隙，所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第二寄生枝节的长度L4满足：0.5≤(L0/L4)≤2，或，
    所述边框在所述第四位置与所述地板耦合所述辐射体的长度L0与所述第二寄生枝节的长度L4满足：0.25≤(L0/L4)≤1。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述第二寄生枝节用于调整所述辐射体的第二端的电场分布，从而调整所述天线在所述第二寄生枝节一侧产生的方向图。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线还包括功分器或功分移相器；
    所述馈电点包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点，所述辐射体在所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点之间具有第五绝缘缝隙，所述馈电电路与所述功分器或功分移相器的输入端口耦合，所述功分器或功分移相器的第一端口与所述第一馈电点耦合，所述功分器或功分移相器的第二端口与所述第二馈电点耦合。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第三开关支路耦合，所述天线还用于产生第三谐振，所述第一谐振的谐振点频率和所述第三谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于所述第一谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第二开关支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第四开关支路耦合，所述天线还用于产生第四谐振，所述第二谐振的谐振点频率和所述第四谐振的谐振点频率之间的频率差大于所述第二谐振的谐振点频率的十分之一。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线还包括第一调谐支路和第二调谐支路；
    其中，所述第一调谐支路通过所述第一开关与所述第一连接点耦合连接，所述第二调谐支路通过所述第二开关与所述第二连接点耦合连接；
    基于所述第一连接点与所述第一调谐支路耦合、所述第二连接点与所述第二调谐支路耦合，所述辐射体用于产生第四谐振；
    其中，所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括所述第一频段，所述第四谐振的谐振频段包括所述第二频段，或者，
    所述第一谐振的谐振频段和所述第二谐振的谐振频段包括所述第二频段，所述第四谐振的谐振频段包括所述第一频段。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述边框包括呈角相交的第一边和第二边，所述第一位置位于所述第一边，所述第一边的长度小于所述第二边的长度。
  22. 根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述电子设备为可穿戴电子设备，所述边框呈环形。
PCT/CN2025/089509 2024-04-30 2025-04-17 一种电子设备 Pending WO2025228143A1 (zh)

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110429394A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 深圳市万普拉斯科技有限公司 天线模块及移动终端
CN117477206A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2024-01-30 华为技术有限公司 一种电子设备
CN117525845A (zh) * 2023-12-21 2024-02-06 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线组件及电子设备
CN117543211A (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-02-09 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线装置和电子设备
CN117810677A (zh) * 2023-04-28 2024-04-02 华为技术有限公司 一种电子设备

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CN110429394A (zh) * 2019-07-26 2019-11-08 深圳市万普拉斯科技有限公司 天线模块及移动终端
CN117477206A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2024-01-30 华为技术有限公司 一种电子设备
CN117810677A (zh) * 2023-04-28 2024-04-02 华为技术有限公司 一种电子设备
CN117543211A (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-02-09 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线装置和电子设备
CN117525845A (zh) * 2023-12-21 2024-02-06 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线组件及电子设备

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